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The Devonian Slave Point, Beaverhill Lake, and Muskwa Formations of Northeastern British Columbia and Adjacent Areas

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The Devonian Slave Point, Beaverhill Lake, and Muskwa Formations of Northeastern British Columbia and Adjacent Areas BRITISHCOLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND PETROLEUMRESOURCES HON.DONALD L. BROTHERS,Minislcr P. I. MULCAHY,Depury Minisfcr BULLETIN No. 50 The Devonian Slave Point, Beaverhill Lake, and Muskwa Formations of Northeastern British Columbia and Adjacent Areas by D. L. GRIFFIN Printed by A. Surrolr, Printer lo Ole Queen's Mort Excellent Majesty in right of lhe Province of British Columbia. 1965 PREFACE Since 1947, whenthe firstpetroleum and noturol gar permits in British Columbio were issued, consideroble geological doto relating to both surface ond rub- surface hoveaccumulated, particularly fromthe Peace River Districtof northeastern British Columbia where most of the explorotory activity has been centred. Thes,. data hove increased our knowledge of that portion of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin lying within this province, not only with reference to Mesozoic strata which hove been the source of most of the oil and gos productionto dote, but also to theDevonian sedimentary sequence which is so prominent in the geology of the Conodion Norlhwest. The petroleum and natural gos potential of the Devonian has long been recog- nized byindustry and, olthough full invertigotion of its potential in BritishColumbia has been retarded by lack of o market outlet, sufficient wells hove been drilled '-0dote to prove very significant reserves of gas. This Bulletin presents on interpretation of a part of the strotigrophic semquence currently under octive explorotion within thegeneral Fort Nelson Area. Moteriol for this study was derivedlargely fromdata, samples, andcore submitted by industry to the Department, olthough some field invertigotion in British Columbia was done by the author. This study is intended os a contributiontoword o better understanding of o partof the Devonian succession which, by virtueof its depositional history, presents sufficient problems to ensure continuing geologicol research. J. D. Linehom, Chief, Petroleum and Natural Gar Branch. April 22, 1964. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Summary ....................................................... 7 Introduction .................................................... 9 Acknowledgments ........................................... 11 Slave Point Formation ........................................... 13 Previous Description and Correlation ........................... 13 Limits and Distribution in BritishColumbia ..................... 14 Lithology in BritishColumbio ................................. 18 Main Component of theSlave Point Formotion .............. 20 Subsidiary Components of theSlave Point Formotion .......... 22 Rocks of theFacies Front ............................. 22 (i) Dark strmatoporoid-beoring colcilutites with obundont biogenicmaterial ................... 22 (ii) Stromatoporoidbiosporiter ....................... 22 (iii) Stromotoporoid biomicrites ...................... 22 (iv)Light coloured micrites ond fossiliferous micrites ... 23 Interpretation of the limestones of the facies front ... 23 (v) White andgrey dolomite ........................ 24 Limestones Occurring at Some Dirtonce from the Facies Front .............................. 26 Lithology in Alberto ......................................... 27 Beoverhill Lake Formation ....................................... 29 Previous Description and Correlotion .......................... 29 Regional Cross Sections ...................................... 29 Lithologyand Distribution in NorthernAlberta ................. 31 Lithology and Distribution in Northeastern British Columbia ...... 32 Correlation of the Slave Point ond Beaverhill Lake Formations ......... 35 Deposition of the Slave Point Formotion ........................ 40 MurkwaFormation .............................................. 43 Previous Description and Correlation .......................... 43 Distribution ............................................... 43 Lithology .................................................. 45 Strotigrophic Relationships ................................... 45 GeologicalHistory .............................................. 47 Gas in theSlave Point Formation of BritishColumbia ................ 49 References ..................................................... 53 AppendixI.--Formation Tops in BritishColumbia Wells ............. 55 Appendix 11.--Core Descriptions ................................. 59 Appendix Ill.--Mop Showing Locationof Wells used in Study ......... In pocket Index ......................................................... 83 FIGURES 1 . Index mop showing areas of detailed andgenerol study ............ 9 2 . Table of formations .......................................... 10 3 F I G U R E S (continued) PAGE 3. Isopach mop of the Slove Point Formotion in northeastern British Columbia ............................................. 15 4. Diagrommotic cross section(HIJ) from Clorke Lake area,British Columbia,to AthobascaRiver, Alberta ................... 28 5. Index map showing lines of Section ABC and FG .............. In pocket 6. Mechanical log Section ABC showing theSlave Point, Beaverhill Lake, and Muskwa Formotions ........................... In pocket 7. Cross section FG showing the lithology in selected wells from Section ABC ........................................... In pocket 8. Isopach map of the Beaverhill LakeFormation in northeostern British Columbia ....................................... 33 9. Diagrommotic sections showing alternative interpretations of the relationship between the Slave Point and Beaverhill Lake Formations ............................................ 36 IO. Cross section KLM showingthe Slave Point and Beaverhill Lake Formations in thearea south ofClarke Lake ............... 39 11. Mop of northeostern British Columbia and northern Alberta showing distribution of theMuskwa and BeoverhillLake Formations ... 42 12. Map showing distribution and thickness of the Muskwa Formotion in northeasternBritish Columbia ............................ 44 13. Map showing Slave Point gas fields in northeastern British Columbia 49 14. Cross section NO, ClarkeLake field ........................ 50 15. Cross section PQ, Kotcho Lake field ........................ 50 16. Cross section RS, PetitotRiver field ......................... 51 17. Appendix 111.--Mop Showing Location of Wells used in Study ..... In pocket PHOTOGRAPHS Plate I. Dorkstromatoporoid-bearing calcilutitecontaining minor amounts of biogenic moteriol .................... Following W 11. Darkstrornatoporoid-bearing calcilutite with moderate amounts of encrusting stromatoporoids and brachiopod fragments .................................... Following W 111. Darkstromotoporoid-bearing calcilutite with moderate amounts of biogenic material including nodular stromotoporoids ............................... Following IV. Darkstromatoporoid-bearing calcilutitecontaining abundant Thomnopora and romose stromotoporoids . Following W V. Dorkstromatoporoid-beoring calcilutite with obundant laminarand romose stromatoporoids .............. Following W Vi. Part of massive stromatoooroid ....................... Following W 4 PHOTOGRAPHS (continued) PAGE VII. Limestonefrom the faciesfront. Poorly sorted stromoto- poroid biosporite . VIII. Limestonefrom the fociesfront. Sortedstromotoporoid biosporite . .. .. .. , . Followit7g 90 IX. Limestone from thefocies front. Stromotoporoid bio- sparrudite .................................... Following 90 X. Limestonefrom the faciesfront. Stromotoporoid biomicrudite Following 90 XI. White and grey dolomite--microinclusion texture . Following 90 XII. White and grey dolomite--macroinclusion texture . Following 90 XIII. White ond grey dolomite--banded texture . .. .. Following 90 XIV. White and grey dolomite--clotted texture . , . Following 90 XV. White and grey dolomite--nebulous texture . .. .. Following 90 XVI. White andgrey dolomite--pseudo-brecciated texture . Following XVII. Photomicrograph of darkstromatoporoid-bearing calcilutite Following 90 XVIII. Photomicrograph of intrasparitefrom HB ImperialUnion Paddy a-49-6 (1) . .. .. .. Following 90 XIX. Photomicrograph of calcorenite from HB Imp Union Gutoh a-99-K . .. Following 90 XX. Photomicrogroph of foraminifer0 andbrachiopod biosparite from HB Imp Union Gutah a-99-K . Following 90 5 THE DEVONIAN SLAVE POINT, BEAVERHILL LAKE, AND MUSKWA FORMATIONS OF NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA AND ADJACENT AREAS SUMMARY The SlavePoint Formotion in BritishColumbia ond Alberta is a stmtiqrophic unit composed of limestonesand subordinate dolomites. It is underlain by o hetero- geneousossembloge of rocks assigned to the Watt Mountain-Sulphur Point osselnbloge in the west and the Fort Vermilion-Watt Mountain ossembloge in the east. In northeasternBritish Columbia the Slave Point Formation changes to shole along o linear front, termed the facies front, which trends approximately north-morth- east. The formotion reaches o thickness of almost 500 feet in northeasternBritish Columbia. Toward the east the formotion thins ond in eastern Alberta it is less thon 10 feet thick. The Slave Point Formation in northeastern British Columbia consists of tlhe fol- lowing: I. The dark stromotoporoid-bearing calcilutites which form the main lithologicol com- ponent of the formotion. These dark colcilutites are very widely distributed in the Slave Point of northeastern British Columbia. II. The subsidiary components, which ore divided os follows: A. Rocks occurring in the vicinity of the facies front. These comprise: The dorkstromatoporoid-bearing colcilutiteswith abundant biogenic material. The stromatoporoid
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