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Controls on Fluid Flow Systems in Northern Alberta As Related to MVT Mineralization: a Contribution to the Carbonate-Hosted Pb-Zn (MVT) Targeted Geoscience Initiative

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Controls on Fluid Flow Systems in Northern Alberta As Related to MVT Mineralization: a Contribution to the Carbonate-Hosted Pb-Zn (MVT) Targeted Geoscience Initiative EUB/AGS Geo-Note 2002-21 Controls on Fluid Flow Systems in Northern Alberta as Related to MVT Mineralization: A Contribution to the Carbonate-Hosted Pb-Zn (MVT) Targeted Geoscience Initiative Alberta Energy and Utilities Board Alberta Geological Survey EUB/AGS Geo-Note 2002-21 Controls on Fluid Flow Systems in Northern Alberta as Related to MVT Mineralization: A Contribution to the Carbonate-Hosted Pb-Zn (MVT) Targeted Geoscience Initiative J.J. Adams* and D.R. Eccles Alberta Geological Survey September 2003 ©Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Alberta, 2003 The Alberta Geological Survey and its employees and contractors make no warranty, guarantee or representation, express or implied, or assume any legal liability regarding the correctness, accuracy, completeness, or reliability of this publication. Any digital data and software supplied with this publication are subject to the licence conditions. The data are supplied on the understanding that they are for the sole use of the licensee, and will not be redistributed in any form, in whole or in part, to third parties. Any references to proprietary software in the documentation, and/or any use of proprietary data formats in this release does not constitute endorsement by the Alberta Geological Survey of any manufacturer's product. When using information from this publication in other publications or presentations, due acknowledge- ment should be given to the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board/Alberta Geological Survey. The following reference format is recommended: Adams, J.J. and Eccles, D.R. (2003): Controls on fluid flow systems in northern Alberta as related to MVT mineralization: A contribution to the carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (MVT) targeted geoscience initiative; Alberta Energy and Utilities Board, EUB/AGS Geo-Note 2002-21. Author contact information *J.J. Adams Formerly of Alberta Geological Survey [email protected] Published September 2003 by: Alberta Energy and Utilities Board Alberta Geological Survey 4th Floor, Twin Atria Building 4999 – 98th Avenue Edmonton, Alberta T6B 2X3 Tel: (780) 422-3767 (Information Sales) Fax: (780) 422-1918 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.ags.gov.ab.ca Cover Photo: Saline spring discharge on Lambert Creek, 3.2 km upstream from the confluence with Harper Creek. EUB/AGS Geo-Note 2002-21 (September 2003) • iii Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................vi Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................vii 1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................1 2 Regional-scale Fluid Flow Systems in Northern Alberta..................................................................1 2.1 Alberta Basin Flow Systems............................................................................................................3 2.1.1 Present Day Regional Fluid Flow ........................................................................................3 2.1.2 Paleohydrogeology................................................................................................................4 3 Controls on Fluid Flow ........................................................................................................................6 3.1 Hydrostratigraphy ............................................................................................................................6 3.2 Permeability and Porosity ................................................................................................................8 3.3 Hydraulic Heterogeneities................................................................................................................9 3.3.1 Fluid Funnelling....................................................................................................................9 3.3.2 Permeability Enhancement....................................................................................................9 3.3.3 Heterogeneities in Northern Alberta ..................................................................................10 4 Controls on Mineralization ................................................................................................................10 4.1 Metals in Alberta Basement Rock ................................................................................................12 4.2 Formation Water Salinity ..............................................................................................................12 5 Potential Exploration Areas ..............................................................................................................15 6 References............................................................................................................................................15 Appendix A Surface Representation Grid Images for the Northeastern and Northwestern MVT Study Areas, Alberta ..............................................................................................22 Tables Table 1 Permeability and porosity data for northern Alberta ..................................................................8 Table A.1 List of formations with number of picks used in surface representation maps for the northeastern study area ........................................................................................25 Table A.2 List of formations with number of picks used in surface representation maps for the northwestern study area ......................................................................................26 Table A.3 Table of formations for northeastern Alberta with legend for the location of surface representation figures ................................................................................................................28 Table A.4 Table of formations for northwestern Alberta with legend for the location of surface representation figures ................................................................................................................32 Figures Figure 1 Basinal flow regimes: a) topography-driven flow due to tectonic rebound; b) thermo-haline convection during rifting; c) tectonically-driven flow during orogenic activity; d) compaction-driven flow; e) fault reactivation due to changes in the stress regime; and f) erosional-rebound flow ..............................................................2 Figure 2 Hydrostratigraphy of Alberta north of 56oN. Classification of each hydrostratigraphic unit was done based on Bachu and Undershultz (1992, 1993), Bachu (1997) and paleoreconstructions of the basin (Mossop and Shetsen, 1994) ............................................7 Figure 3 a) Areal extent of Devonian aquifers in the northern Alberta basin; and b) local highs in strata of northern Alberta. L = low, H = high, T = thin areas of the associated aquifer ..................................................................................................................11 Figure 4 Selected metal concentrations in Precambrian basement rocks in northern Alberta ............13 EUB/AGS Geo-Note 2002-21 (September 2003) • iv Figure 5 Present day formation water salinity in g/l TDS for a) Elk Point and b) Beaverhill Lake aquifer systems ......................................................................................14 Figure A.1 Isopach map showing the depth to the Devonian surface in northeastern Alberta…. ..........23 Figure A.2 Isopach map showing the depth to the Devonian surface in northwestern Alberta…..........24 Figure A.3 Surface representation maps for the top of the McMurray Formation ................................29 Figure A.4 Surface representation maps for the top of the Waterways Group…………………. ..........30 Figure A.5 Surface representation maps for the top of the Waterways Group using the AGS database……………………………………………………………………………………..31 Figure A.6 Surface representation maps for the top of the Bluesky Formation………………... ..........33 Figure A.7 Surface representation maps for the top of the Banff Formation……………………..........34 Figure A.8 Surface representation maps for the top of the Wabamun Group………………….. ..........35 Figure A.9 Surface representation maps for the top of the Winterburn Group. ..........…………………36 Figure A.10 Surface representation maps for the top of the Woodbend Group ........................................37 Figure A.11 Surface representation maps for the top of the Beaverhill Lake Group or top of the Waterways Group ..................................................................................................................38 Figure A.12 Surface representation maps for the top of the Slave Point Formation ............……………39 Figure A.13 Surface representation maps for the top of the Watt Mountain Formation ..........................40 Figure A.14 Surface representation maps for the top of the Sulphur Point Formation ............…………41 Figure A.15 Surface representation maps for the top of the Muskeg Formation......................................42 Figure A.16 Surface representation maps for the top of the Keg River Formation ..................................43 Figure A.17 Surface representation maps for the top of the Lower Keg River Formation ......................44 Figure A.18 Surface representation maps for the top of the Chinchaga Formation..................................45
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