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Geological Introduction to E3 Metals Corp. Clearwater and Exshaw Lithium-Brine Properties in South-Central Alberta

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Geological Introduction to E3 Metals Corp. Clearwater and Exshaw Lithium-Brine Properties in South-Central Alberta National Topographic System 1:50 000 Map Sheets: Clearwater Sub-Property: 82O09; 82O16; 82P12; 82P13; 82P14; 83A04; 83B01 Exshaw Sub-Property: 83A02; 83A03; 83A06; 83A07 GEOLOGICAL INTRODUCTION TO E3 METALS CORP. CLEARWATER AND EXSHAW LITHIUM-BRINE PROPERTIES IN SOUTH-CENTRAL ALBERTA Prepared For: E3 Metals Corp. Suite 2050 - 1055 West Georgia St. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6E 3P3 Prepared by: APEX Geoscience Ltd. Suite 110, 2489 – 24th Street Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6P 1L3 Roy Eccles, M.Sc., P. Geol. Effective Date: 18 May 2017 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Geological Introduction to E3 Metals Lithium-Brine Project in South-Central Alberta Table of Contents 1.0 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 1 2.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 6 3.0 Reliance on Other Experts................................................................................................. 10 4.0 Property Description and Location .................................................................................... 10 4.1 Property Rights and Maintenance ................................................................................. 11 4.2 Coexisting Oil, Gas and Oil Sands Rights ..................................................................... 15 4.3 Permitting and Other Factors/Risks ............................................................................... 15 5.0 Accessibility, Climate, Local Resources, Infrastructure and Physiography ...................... 17 6.0 History ................................................................................................................................ 18 6.1 Government of Alberta Discovery of Lithium-Bearing Devonian Formation Water in Alberta ............................................................................................................................... 18 6.2 Summary of Devonian-Aged Oil and Gas Production within E3 Metals Permits .......... 20 6.3 Historical Geochemical Results from Devonian Oil and Gas Wells within the E3 Metals Permits .............................................................................................................................. 24 6.4 Historical Geochemical Results from Devonian Oil and Gas Wells Adjacent to the E3 Metals Permits .................................................................................................................. 28 6.5 Historical Geochemical Result Summary ...................................................................... 29 7.0 Geological Setting and Mineralization ............................................................................... 29 7.1 Precambrian Geology .................................................................................................... 32 7.2 Phanerozoic Geology ..................................................................................................... 32 7.3 Late Tertiary – Quaternary Geology .............................................................................. 34 7.4 Structural Geology.......................................................................................................... 34 7.5 Mineralization ................................................................................................................. 35 8.0 Deposit Types .................................................................................................................... 37 9.0 Exploration ......................................................................................................................... 38 10.0 Drilling ................................................................................................................................ 38 11.0 Sample Preparation, Analysis and Security ...................................................................... 38 12.0 Data Verification ................................................................................................................. 38 12.1 Verification of Historical Government-Published Geochemical Formation Water Data 38 12.2 Confirmation of Current Well Production ....................................................................... 39 13.0 Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing ................................................................... 42 14.0 Mineral Resource Estimate................................................................................................ 42 23.0 Adjacent Properties............................................................................................................ 42 24.0 Other Relevant Data and Information ................................................................................ 44 24.1 Preliminary Water Deliverability Study........................................................................... 44 24.2 Discussion on the Extraction of Lithium from Alberta Oilfield Formation Water ........... 45 24.2.1 Historical Test Work: Ultrasonic Cavitation ............................................................ 46 24.2.2 Historical Test Work: Chemical Extraction Methods .............................................. 46 24.2.3 Current Test Work: Lithium-Brine Beneficiation (MGX Minerals Inc.) ................... 47 25.0 Interpretation and Conclusions .......................................................................................... 48 26.0 Recommendations ............................................................................................................. 51 26.1 Phase One Exploration Work ......................................................................................... 51 26.2 Phase Two Exploration Work ......................................................................................... 52 27.0 References ......................................................................................................................... 54 28.0 Certificates of Authors ....................................................................................................... 58 18 May 2017 ii Geological Introduction to E3 Metals Lithium-Brine Project in South-Central Alberta Tables Table 1. Summary of Phase 1 and Phase 2 recommendations to advance the Clearwater and Exshaw oilfield lithium-brine properties. ......................................................................................... 5 Table 2. Industrial and Metallic Mineral Permit descriptions for E3 Metals lithium-brine properties.. .................................................................................................................................... 12 Table 3. Representative maximum lithium chemical compositions of Cambrian to Triassic aged aquifers as reported in Government of Alberta studies. .............................................................. 20 Table 4. Historical geochemical summary for wells analyzed within the E3 Metals permits. ..... 26 Table 5. Regional stratigraphy/hydrostratigraphy of Alberta........................................................ 30 Table 6. Cumulative 2015 production values of water, gas and crude oil for selected Leduc- producing wells within the Clearwater and Exshaw claim boundaries.. ...................................... 40 Table 7. Results of beneficiation bench scale test work conducted by MGX Minerals Inc. on oilfield lithium-brine from their Sturgeon Lake Property in west-central Alberta. ......................... 48 Table 8. Summary of Phase One and Phase Two recommendations to advance the Clearwater and Exshaw oilfield lithium-brine properties. ................................................................................ 52 Figures Figure 1. E3 Metals Metallic and Industrial Mineral permits in south-central Alberta.. ................. 7 Figure 2. Location, access and permit agreement numbers at the Clearwater Sub-Property. ... 13 Figure 3. Location, access and permit agreement numbers at the Exshaw (East and West) Sub- Property. ........................................................................................................................................ 14 Figure 4. Oil and gas well activity status within the Clearwater and Exshaw property areas. .... 16 Figure 5. Summary of active Devonian well production in the Clearwater Property. .................. 22 Figure 6. Summary of active Devonian well production on the Exshaw sub-properties. ............ 23 Figure 7. Devonian lithium-brine occurrences within the E3 Metals permits.. ............................. 25 Figure 8. Devonian lithium-brine occurrences in the general area of the E3 Metals permits. Lithium sample points with >75 mg/L Li are labelled. .................................................................. 27 Figure 9. Regional inferred basement geology of the properties. ................................................ 31 Figure 10. Regional bedrock geology of the Clearwater and Exshaw properties. ...................... 33 Figure 11. The extent of the Cooking Lake Platform, Devonian reefs, and hydrocarbon resources beneath the Clearwater and Exshaw properties. ........................................................ 36 18 May 2017 iii Geological Introduction to E3 Metals Lithium-Brine Project in South-Central Alberta Figure 12. Cumulative 2015 (A) and lifetime (B) water, crude oil and gas production from selected Devonian-producing wells within the Clearwater and Exshaw permits. .......................
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