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POWERVR 3D Application Development Recommendations

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POWERVR 3D Application Development Recommendations Imagination Technologies Copyright POWERVR 3D Application Development Recommendations Copyright © 2009, Imagination Technologies Ltd. All Rights Reserved. This publication contains proprietary information which is protected by copyright. The information contained in this publication is subject to change without notice and is supplied 'as is' without warranty of any kind. Imagination Technologies and the Imagination Technologies logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Imagination Technologies Limited. All other logos, products, trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Filename : POWERVR. 3D Application Development Recommendations.1.7f.External.doc Version : 1.7f External Issue (Package: POWERVR SDK 2.05.25.0804) Issue Date : 07 Jul 2009 Author : POWERVR POWERVR 1 Revision 1.7f Imagination Technologies Copyright Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................4 1. Golden Rules...............................................................................................................................5 1.1. Batching.........................................................................................................................5 1.1.1. API Overhead ................................................................................................................5 1.2. Opaque objects must be correctly flagged as opaque..................................................6 1.3. Avoid mixing 2D and 3D operations within the same frame .........................................6 1.4. Use PVRTC and bilinear filtering with MIP-mapping.....................................................7 1.5. Minimize mid-scene texture changes............................................................................7 1.6. Use vertex buffers if available .......................................................................................7 2. 3D application development recommendations......................................................................9 2.1. Industry standard API usage .........................................................................................9 2.2. CPU arithmetic: Float versus Fixed Point .....................................................................9 2.3. Optimal Geometry Ordering ........................................................................................11 2.4. Simplify Geometry .......................................................................................................12 2.5. Draw Order and Sorting ..............................................................................................13 2.6. Hardware Transform and Lighting...............................................................................13 2.7. Software Transform and Lighting (CPU) .....................................................................14 2.8. Texturing and Filtering.................................................................................................14 2.9. Alpha Blending ............................................................................................................17 2.10. Power Consumption ....................................................................................................18 3. Porting Guidelines ....................................................................................................................19 3.1. Porting a 3D Application from PC/Console .................................................................19 3.1.1. Comparison between PC/console and mobile platforms ............................................19 3.1.2. Coding Considerations ................................................................................................19 3.2. Porting a 3D application from 3D software mobile platform........................................19 3.2.1. HW rendering is not simply faster SW.........................................................................20 3.2.2. Coding Considerations ................................................................................................20 4. Reference Material & Contact Details.....................................................................................21 List of Figures Figure 1: Batching Concept.....................................................................................................................6 Figure 2 Graphics processor and CPU parallelism.................................................................................7 Figure 3: POWERVR Butterflies Demo.................................................................................................10 Figure 4: Advantage of using Sorted Indexed Triangle Data................................................................11 Figure 5: Interleaved Vertex Data .........................................................................................................12 Figure 6: Level of Detail ........................................................................................................................13 Figure 7: Vertex Lighting versus Per Pixel DOT3 Lighting ...................................................................14 Figure 8: PVRTC Compression Quality using a Photograph................................................................15 Figure 9: Multi-Texturing .......................................................................................................................16 Figure 10: Texture Filtering Modes .......................................................................................................17 Figure 11: Alpha Blending with border growing ....................................................................................18 Revision 1.7f 2 3D Application Development Recommendations Imagination Technologies Copyright POWERVR 3 Revision 1.7f Imagination Technologies Copyright 1. Introduction This document provides an initial introduction to developing 3D applications for POWERVR platforms by providing a number of golden rules to obtain high quality and high performance 3D graphics. Additionally, in-depth performance recommendations are offered and porting guides from PC/console - hardware (HW) or software (SW) 3D engines - to POWERVR platforms are also included. Finally various online resources and contact details are provided. Revision 1.7f 4 3D Application Development Recommendations Imagination Technologies Copyright 1. Golden Rules The following set of rules is essential to obtain high performance and high image quality when developing or porting applications to a POWERVR enabled mobile platform: 1.1. Batching Each API call introduces an amount of overhead. To reduce the CPU load, the number of API calls should be minimised. This can be achieved through the concept of batching - grouping operations together, as much as possible, into larger batches. Batching can be done on multiple levels, for example based on render state (e.g. keep all opaque objects together); texture (e.g. render all objects with the same texture in one go) - consider using a texture atlas (one large texture containing multiple sub textures) to achieve this; fog colours (aim to use the same colour or group all objects with the same colour); etc. Overall aim should be to reduce the number of API calls - so instead of 100 draw calls each drawing a single object, optimally aim to have only a single draw call which draws all 100 objects. 1.1.1. API Overhead Between the application and the 3D accelerator is a driver layer which basically translates the industry standard API calls into a format understood by the hardware. This translation requires resources and thus results in extra CPU work for each API call issued. Given that the CPU is one of the possible limiting factors within the platform it is essential to try and minimise the number of API calls thus minimizing the CPU load created by API overhead. One of the most critical paths for performance is the submission of geometry through a number of draw calls. For example the code below could be used to draw 250 butterflies with 16 different textures: for (int i = 0 ; i < 250 ; i++ ) { glLoadMatrixx( ButterflyMatrix[ i ] ); glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D,Texture[ i % 16 ] ); glVertexPointer( ... ); glDrawArrays( ... ); } The above code contains a loop which contains four OpenGL ES API calls; each call will introduce an amount of API overhead. This specific example will result in 1000 API calls each of which has a performance cost. To reduce the number of API calls required we need to introduce the concept of “batching”. Batching is in effect nothing more than grouping, instead of drawing each butterfly separately “batching” aims to group bits of geometry together in an effort to reduce the number of draw calls. A first level of grouping would be to draw all butterflies with the same texture in a single draw call. While this is an improvement it is not yet fully optimal. For this a second concept needs to be introduced which is a “Texture Atlas” or “Texture Page”. A texture atlas is a form of batching but specifically for textures, instead of having a single texture per butterfly it is possible to group multiple textures within one single larger texture. So for our 16 butterflies, rather than using 16 different textures each containing a single butterfly, it is possible to create a single large texture containing a grid of 16 butterflies. This approach can be summarised as follows: • Use a single large
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