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Organisational Structure and Analysis of the Contribution of the Coast

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Organisational Structure and Analysis of the Contribution of the Coast 312 Scientific Journal of Maritime Research 32 (2018) 312-319 © Faculty of Maritime Studies Rijeka, 2018 Multidisciplinary Multidisciplinarni SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF znanstveni časopis MARITIME RESEARCH POMORSTVO https://doi.org/10.31217/p.32.2.16 Organisational structure and analysis of the contribution of the Coast Guard1 of the Republic2 of Croatia1 to maritime safety on the Adriatic Sea Tomislav1 Sunko , Pavao Komadina , Luka Mihanović 2 Croatian Military Academy “Dr Franjo Tuđman”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] University of Rijeka, Faculty of Maritime Studies, Studentska 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO This paper analyses the organisation and scope of activities of the Coast Guard of the Republic of Rewiew article Croatia. The Coast Guard of the Republic of Croatia is a military organisation with police authorities Received 25 October 2018 and is an integral part of the Croatian Navy. It is a task force whose basic purpose is to provide support KeyAccepted words: 18 December 2018 to state administration bodies in charge of surveillance and protection of Croatian strategic, economic and other general national interests on the eastern side of the Adriatic Sea. It is necessary to stress that the Croatian Coast Guard is trained not only to carry out protection of national maritime interests but Coast Guard also to carry out combat tasks and to participate in joint operations in the national and international Republic of Croatia environment. This paper contributes in stressing the importance of the role of the Croatian Coast Croatian Navy Guard and of investments in equipment and in human resource with the aim of maintaining maritime Adriatic Sea safety on the Adriatic Sea. 1 Introduction bodies in charge of intervention of measures in case of ma- rine pollution and marine fisheries inspectors, so as to, by One of most important items in the Gross Domestic applying additional support, enhance efficiency of all the Product is tourism [13]. On account of its indented coast- members in increasing the security in the maritime area line and islands and ecologically clean marine environ- of the RC. ment, the Republic of Croatia (RC) has become a top If we add to this the future implementation of the tourist destination. As a result, the economic development Schengen Agreement [17], it is clear that the task of pro- and strategic orientation of the RC is closely connected to tecting maritime interests of the RC transcends into the the development of the eastern side of the Adriatic Sea. protection of European Union interests as well. The es- Bearing in mind uncertainty of long-term challenges of tablishment of the Coast Guard of the Republic of Croatia the security environment due to its geostrategic position (CGRC) constituted this additional support to more effi- along the eastern Adriatic coast (new, non-traditional, cient and quicker mutual interaction of all maritime, state, sophisticated, asymmetric threats – sudden, unexpected, and civilian services in the implementation of surveillance temporal or spatial attacks), migrant/refugee crisis, in- and protection of Croatian interests in line with interna- creased maritime traffic (possibilities of unexpected pollu- tional rules and regulations. tion, ballast water), protection of all the interests of the RC By the Decision of the Croatian Parliament of October implies an obligation to increase all supervising activities 2003, the Ecological and Fishery Protection Zone (EFPZ) in the waters of the eastern Adriatic. was promulgated [2]. On the day the Decision on the In order to successfully protect and preserve national promulgation of the EFPZ entered into force the Central interests of the RC, it was essential to introduce an addi- Coordinating Committee for Supervision and Protection tional concept of the maritime protection through joint ac- of the Maritime Rights and Interests of the Republic of tivities of port authorities, maritime police, Croatian Navy Croatia was set up. In order to prevent overlapping of (CN), customs administration, search and rescue services, authorities of certain state administration bodies (SAB) T. Sunko et al. 313 / Scientific Journal of Maritime Research 32 (2018) 312-319 and achieve more rational use of funds, the Government Organising of the CGRC changed the structure of the CN of the Republic of Croatia set up the Coordinating as well. According to the new structure the CN consists of Committee of the Government of the Republic of Croatia the Headquarters, Flotilla, Coast Guard of the Republic of for Harmonisation of the1 Supervision and Protection of Croatia, Coast Surveillance and Warning Battalion, Maritime the Inland Waters, Territorial Waters, and the Protected Base, Training Centre and Navy Command Club [21]. Ecological-Fishing Zone [1]. The CGRC is the main force in the protection of inter- The subject of the research is the implementation of ests over the part of the sea, sea bed and underground supervision and protection of Croatian national interests where the RC exercises its sovereign rights. The CGRC can on the eastern side of the Adriatic. provide assistance in the maritime area of the Republic of The object itself of this research derives from the pre- Croatia if it is considered necessary [5]. occupation and subject matter of the research, which is In this way, the CGRC has become an integral part of the organisational structure and activities of the CGRC. the Central Coordinating Committee for Supervision and The object itself of this research derives from the pre- Protection of the Maritime Rights and Interests of the occupation and subject matter of the research, which is Republic of Croatia. The Central Coordinating Committee the organisational structure and scope of activities of the monitors and analyses the state of security and protection CGRC. of the maritime area under the jurisdiction of the RC, gives In line with basic guidelines of the preoccupation, guidelines for drawing up of plans dealing with the sur- subject matter and object of the research, a working hy- veillance and protection of maritime rights of the RC, sub- pothesis has been formulated which says: After finding out mits annual reports to the Government of the RC on the about new security threats on the eastern Adriatic, it is of implementation of determined policies, plans, regulations utmost importance for the CGRC to continue with mod- related to the surveillance and protection of maritime in- ernisation of its own maritime and attached air forces, to terests of the RC, and recommends measures intended continue with relocation of a part of its naval forces, and to to improve security and protection of the maritime area continue with expert training of its human resources, be- under the Croatian jurisdiction. The Central Coordinating ing its most important force. Committee is composed of an Expert Body (16 members The purpose and aim of this research are reflected in from different government departments) and of regional the following: in order to increase and efficiently carry out coordination units. It is necessary to emphasise that the the implementation of monitoring and protecting of inter- chairman of the Expert Body is a commander of the CGRC ests of the RC in the Adriatic Sea in all directions required and that the Headquarters of the CGRC performs adminis- by security issues, it is necessary to modernise naval and trative tasks for the Expert Body [4]. air forces of the CGRC and to continue with professional In the EFPZ, epicontinental sea and open sea, the CGRC training of human resource of the CGRC. protects sovereign rights and takes care of the implemen- 2 The Coast Guard of the Republic of Croatia tation of the jurisdiction of the RC, whereas in the area of inland waters and territorial sea it provides support to other authorised state administration bodies in the imple- The total of the territory under the sovereignty of the mentation of acts and other regulations within their juris- Republic of Croatia (inland waters and territorial sea) diction and in line with the ACGRC [5]. amounts to 31,757.67 km², whereas on a great part of the According to the ACGRC, basic activities and tasks of Adriatic Sea, outside of the state territory, the RC exercises the CGRC are protection of the state sovereignty, its sover- certain sovereign rights and jurisdiction (the area over eign rights and jurisdiction at sea. In addition to the men- which the RC exercises certain sovereign rights and jurisdic- tioned ones, its basic tasks also include suppression and tion amounts to 25,207.22 km² and the area of the external prevention of terrorism, international organised crime borders of the EFPZ amounts to 23,870 km²). The total ju- (illegal trafficking of weapons and narcotic drugs, preven- risdiction area currently amounts to 56,964.89 km². It is of tion of trafficking of goods and people, illegal migrations), great importance to supervise this very important economic sea robberies (suppression of piracy and other types of resource of the RC rdin an organised and effective way [6]. usage of the open sea for contentious purposes), spread- In Zagreb on 3 October 2007, the Croatian Parliament ing of mass destruction weapons, suppression, reduction passed the Act on the Coast Guard of the Republic of Croatia and supervision of pollution of the sea and marine envi- (ACGRC) which determines the organisation and scope of ronment, search and rescue at sea, securing of adequate 1activities of the CGRC, its authority, jobs and tasks it will be navigation regime (navigation safety), control of sea fish- authorisedst to carry out. The ACGRC entered into force on ery, protection of sensitive ecosystems, habitats and other November 2007. Provisions of the Act on Service in the endangered forms of life in the sea, protection of under- Armed Forces shall be applied on members of the CGRC in water cultural goods in the EFPZ, epicontinental sea and th relation1 to issues not covered by the ACGRC [4].
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