DOCSLIB.ORG

Northern Goshawk Finding

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Northern Goshawk Finding Northern Goshawk Finding June 1998 Note: The pagination and appearance of this electronic version of the Northern Goshawk Finding may vary slightly from the original printed document. However, the content of this version is the same as the printed version. consideration of a listing action substantially broader in scope than the petition under review at that time, the Service informed the coalition that their request for an amendment would be considered as a separate, new petition. On January 7, 1992, the Service published a finding that the July 1991, petition did not present substantial information to indicate that the goshawk in the petitioned region (Utah, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona) constituted a listable entity (57 FR 546). However, the Service concluded that the petition presented substantial information indicating that northern goshawk population declines and loss or modification of habitat may be occurring. Therefore, the Service announced in a separate Federal Register notice (January 7, 1992; 57 FR 544) the initiation of a status review for the northern goshawk throughout its range in the United States. The January 1992 status review specifically solicited information to evaluate the potential for “distinct population segments” within the range of the northern goshawk in North America. On June 25, 1992 (57 FR 28474), the Service published a 90-day finding that the September 1991, petition did not present substantial information to indicate that the northern goshawk in the western United States was a listable entity. The Service found that the petition presented no evidence of reproductive isolation or genetic differentiation between the goshawk in the west and the goshawk in the eastern United States, and that goshawk habitat was contiguous from the western United States to the eastern United States through Canada. The petitioners subsequently filed suit in Federal District Court in Phoenix, Arizona to have the Service’s finding set aside. On February 22, 1996, United States District Judge Richard M. Bilby found the Service’s June 25, 1992, finding to be arbitrary and capricious and remanded it to the Service for a new 90-day determination. On June 6, 1996 (61 FR 28834), the Service published a notice vacating the petition finding of June 25, 1992, and published a new 90-day finding that the petition to list the northern goshawk in the western United States had not presented substantial information that the petitioned action may be warranted. The Service determined that since the entity petitioned for listing was comprised of more than one subspecies it did not meet the definition of a distinct vertebrate population segment as defined in the National Marine Fisheries Service and Fish and Wildlife Service Final Policy Regarding the Recognition of Distinct Vertebrate Population Segments under the Endangered Species Act (DPS policy; February 7, 1996; 61 FR 4722). The petitioners again filed a suit in Federal District Court to have the Service’s June 1996, finding set aside. On June 6, 1997, Judge Bilby found the June 1996, finding to be arbitrary and capricious, and remanded it to the Service for another 90-day finding. On August 19, 1997, Judge Bilby clarified that the decision on remand was to be made using the Service’s DPS policy without the “one subspecies” rule that the Service had relied on in making its June 6, 1996, finding. In addition, on August 22, 1997, the petitioners amended their petition to seek listing of northern goshawks west of the 100th meridian in the contiguous 48 states. 2 Figure 1. Northern Goshawk Status Review Area with Assessment Area boundaries 100th Meridian 6 1 4 2 5 3 Northern Goshawk Status Review Team June 1998 3 6 1 4 2 5 3 Assessment Areas States Forested Area Figure 2. Forested Habitat Northern Goshawk Status Review Team in the Status Review Area June 1998 4 On September 29, 1997, the Service published a 90-day finding (62 FR 50892) that the petition provided substantial information indicating that the listing of the northern goshawk as threatened or endangered in the contiguous United States west of the 100th meridian may be warranted. At that time, the Service initiated a Status Review for the northern goshawk. Figure 1 illustrates the geographic scope of the Status Review area. For purposes of analysis only, the Service’s Status Review Team broke the petitioned area into 6 assessment areas; these areas do not reflect potential distinct population segments. Figure 2 illustrates the distribution of forested habitat in the Review Area. Life History Description The northern goshawk is the largest of the three accipiters of North America, possessing short, broad wings and a long, rounded tail. Females are larger than males, with total average length of about 61 centimeters (cm) (24 inches (in)) for females and 55 cm (22 in) for males. The wingspan for females is 105-115 cm (46 in) and for males is 98-104 cm (42 in) (Wood 1938, Squires and Reynolds 1997). Adults are gray above, blackish on the crown and side of head, with a bold, whitish streak over the eye. The underparts are light gray with fine horizontal vermiculations and fine vertical streaks. The tail is dark gray above, with several blackish bands; the tail tip is rounded and usually tipped with a white terminal band. Tail below is lighter gray with fluffy white undertail coverts (Squires and Reynolds 1997). Immatures (Palmer 1988, Johnsgard 1990, and Squires and Reynolds 1997) are a dark brown to brownish-black above with buffy white and cinnamon streaks. The underparts are a buff white, with cinnamon to brown streaking on the throat. The head is brown and usually has a narrow whitish streak over the eye. The dark brown tail has wavy dark brown bands with thin whitish borders that form a zigzag pattern. Undertail coverts are usually streaked, and not fluffy. Taxonomy The northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) was originally described by Linneaus. The northern goshawk is circumpolar in distribution, with two groups recognized worldwide: the palearctic gentilis group, consisting of several subspecies (A. g. gentilis, Europe to central Russia; A. g. buteoides, northern Europe and Asia; A. g. albidus, northeastern Siberia to Kamchatka; A. g. arrigoni, Sardinia and Corsica: A. g. schvedowi, southern Siberia, northern Japan, Chinese Mountains; and A. g. fujiamae, Honshu Island), and the nearctic atricapillus group consisting of A. g. atricapillus (Wilson 1812, type locality Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). The atricapillus group occurs over much of Alaska, Canada, and the mountains of the western and eastern United States. In addition to the main A. g. atricapillus subspecies, at least two other subspecies are currently, but variously, accepted--A. g. laingi (Taverner 1940, type locality Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia), and A. g. apache van Rossem (van Rossem 1938, type locality Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona), which occurs in the mountains of southeastern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico and northern Mexico (Wattel 1973). In addition to apache and laingi, two other subspecies have been described but are no longer 5 recognized. In 1874, Ridgeway (Baird et al. 1874) described a western goshawk (A. g. striatulus) based on differences in plumages of hawks in the western United States from the more eastern atricapillus form. In 1884, Nelson (1884) described A. g. henshawi from Lake County, Oregon and Calaveras County, California, on the basis of darker plumages than atricapillus. Taverner, 1940, showed the plumage differences of striatulus were associated with age of hawks and that striatulus was indistinguishable from atricapillus. He described A. g. laingi from the coastal islands of British Columbia on the basis of darker plumages, a characteristic of both the adult and juvenile plumages. Taverner (1940) also reported a gradient in plumage darkness from the lighter-colored mainland hawks to intermediate forms on Vancouver Island to the darkest hawks on the Queen Charlotte Islands. Van Rossem (1938) described the subspecies A. g. apache on the basis of longer wing chords and darker colors of six hawks collected in southern Arizona and Sonora and Jalisco in Mexico. The distinguishing characters of apache, as defined by van Rossem (1938), are “darker and more blackish (less bluish) dorsally even than Accipiter gentilis striatulus (Ridgeway) of the Pacific Northwest, the darkest of two previously described North American races; young with ventral streaking broader and darker than the young of striatulus (= atricapillus). Size largest among the North American races.” Van Rossem (1938) gives the range of apache as “extreme southeastern Arizona (Chiricahua Mountains), south through Sonora (Yecora) to Jalisco (Sierra de Nayarit).” Recognition of the apache subspecies is variable and a subject of current debate. It is recognized by Brown and Amadon (1968), Wattel (1973) and Snyder and Snyder (1991). However, apache was excluded from the American Ornithologists’ Union’s (AOU) Check-list of North American Birds 5th edition (1957). Because van Rossem (1938) originally descibed apache based on only 3 specimens, the validity of the subspecies is not accepted by most taxonomists. Hubbard (1992) presented evidence for retaining apache, however, the AOU still does not recognize it as a valid subspecies (AOU 1983). The Fish and Wildlife Service acknowledged the existence of apache as a subspecies in its 1992 administrative finding relative to the petition to list the northern goshawk. This was based, in part, on erroneous information indicating that apache had been recognized by the AOU. The 7th edition of the AOU’s Checklist of North American Birds is due out in mid- 1998, and it will not address subspecies. The Service finds that recognition of apache as a legitimate subspecies is unresolved, and does not consider it a separate subspecies for purposes of this finding. The American Ornithologist’s Union recognizes A. g. laingi as a relatively smaller, darker subspecies occurring on the Queen Charlotte Islands and Vancouver Island, British Columbia (AOU 1957).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE LONG-EARED OWL INSIDE by CHRIS NERI and NOVA MACKENTLEY News from the Board and Staff
    WINTER 2014 TAKING FLIGHT NEWSLETTER OF HAWK RIDGE BIRD OBSERVATORY The elusive Long-eared Owl Photo by Chris Neri THE LONG-EARED OWL INSIDE by CHRIS NERI and NOVA MACKENTLEY News from the Board and Staff..... 2 For many birders thoughts of Long-eared Owls invoke memories of winter Education Updates .................. 4 visits to pine stands in search of this often elusive species. It really is magical Research Features................... 6 to enter a pine stand, find whitewash and pellets at the base of trees and realize that Long-eareds are using the area that you are searching. You scan Stewardship Notes ................. 12 up the trees examining any dark spot, usually finding it’s just a tangle of Volunteer Voices.................... 13 branches or a cluster of pine needles, until suddenly your gaze is met by a Hawk Ridge Membership........... 14 pair of yellow eyes staring back at you from a body cryptically colored and Snore Outdoors for HRBO ......... 15 stretched long and thin. This is often a birders first experience with Long- eared Owls. However, if you are one of those that have journeyed to Hawk Ridge at night for one of their evening owl programs, perhaps you were fortunate enough to see one of these beautiful owls up close. CONTINUED ON PAGE 3 HAWK RIDGE BIRD OBSERVATORY 1 NOTES FROM THE DIRECTOR BOARD OF DIRECTORS by JANELLE LONG, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR As I look back to all of the accomplishments of this organization, I can’t help but feel proud CHAIR for Hawk Ridge Bird Observatory and to be a part of it.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Assessment for the Humboldt Marten (Martes Americana Humboldtensis)
    Arcata Fish and Wildlife Office Species Assessment for the Humboldt Marten (Martes americana humboldtensis) R. Hamlin, L. Roberts, G. Schmidt, K. Brubaker and R. Bosch Photo credit: Six Rivers National Forest Endangered Species Program U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Arcata Fish and Wildlife Office 1655 Heindon Road Arcata, California 95521 (707) 822-7201 www.fws.gov/arcata September 2010 i The suggested citation for this report is: Hamlin, R., L. Roberts, G. Schmidt, K. Brubaker and R. Bosch 2010. Species assessment for the Humboldt marten (Martes americana humboldtensis). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arcata Fish and Wildlife Office, Arcata, California. 34 + iv pp. ii Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION .......................................................................................... 1 Species Description ................................................................................................... 1 Taxonomy.................................................................................................................. 1 Life History ............................................................................................................... 4 Reproduction .................................................................................................. 5 Diet ................................................................................................................ 5 Home Range
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution and Presence of Diurnal Predatory Birds in the Carpathian Basin
    Ornis Hungarica 2018. 26(1): 102–123. DOI: 10.1515/orhu-2018-0008 Evolution and presence of diurnal predatory birds in the Carpathian Basin Jenő (Eugen) KESSLER Received: February 05, 2018 – Revised: May 03, 2018 – Accepted: May 08, 2018 Kessler, J. (E.) 2018. Evolution and presence of diurnal predatory birds (Ord. Accipitriformes, and Falconiformes) in the Carpathian Basin. – Ornis Hungarica 26(1): 102–123. DOI: 10.1515/ orhu-2018-0008 Abstract The author describes the presence of the oldest extinct diurnal birds of prey species in the world and fossilized representatives of different families, as well as the presence of recent species in the Car- pathian Basin among fossilized remains. In case of ospreys, one of the oldest known materials is classified as a new extinct species named Pandion pannonicus. The text is supplemented by a plate and a size chart. Keywords: birds of prey, evolution, Carpathian Basin, Osprey, eagles, buzzards, vultures, falcons, Pandion pan- nonicus sp.n. Összefoglalás A szerző bemutatja a nappali ragadozók kihalt fajait és a különböző családok fosszilis képviselő- it, valamint a recens fajok Kárpát-medencei jelenlétét a fosszilis maradványokban. A halászsasok között itt kerül először leírásra egy új faj is (Pandion pannonicus), amely egyben az egyik legrégebbi is az eddig ismert anyagok- ból. A szöveget egy ábra és egy mérettáblázat egészíti ki. Kulcsszavak: ragadozó madarak, evolúció, Kárpát-medence, halászsas, sas, ölyv, keselyű, sólyom, Pandion pan- nonicus sp.n. Department of Paleontology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, Hungary, e-mail: [email protected] Introduction Accipitridae is the most populous family in terms of species (eagles, goshawks, kites, harri- ers and vultures belong in the group).
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamics of Woodpecker – Common Starling Interactions: a Comparison of Old World and New World Species and Populations
    Ornis Hungarica 2016. 24(1): 1–41. DOI: 10.1515/orhu-2016-0001 Dynamics of Woodpecker – Common Starling interactions: a comparison of Old World and New World species and populations Jerome A. JACKSON1* & Bette J. S. JACKSON2 Received: May 03, 2016 – Accepted: June 10, 2016 Jerome A. Jackson & Bette J. S. Jackson 2016. Dynamics of Woodpecker – Common Starling interactions: a comparison of Old World and New World species and populations. – Ornis Hun- garica 24(1): 1–41. Abstract Woodpecker species whose cavities are most usurped by Common Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) are widespread and generalists in their use of habitats. These include primarily woodpeckers that are similar in size to or slightly larger than the starling – such as the Great-spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) of Eurasia and the Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) and Red-bellied (Melanerpes carolinus) and Red-headed (M. erythrocephalus) Woodpeckers of North America. Usurpation occurs primarily in human-dominated urban, suburban and exurban habitats with pastures, sports fields and other open areas that serve as prime feeding habi­ tats for starlings. Starlings prefer high, more exposed cavities with a minimal entrance diameter relative to their body size. Usurpation success depends on timing – optimally just as a cavity is completed and before egg-lay- ing by the woodpeckers. Starlings likely reduce woodpecker populations in more open, human-dominated habi- tats. Woodpecker habitat losses and fragmentation are more serious problems that enhance habitat quality for star- lings and reduce habitat quality for most woodpeckers. The only woodpeckers that might become in danger of extinction as a primary result of starling cavity usurpation are likely island species with small populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioral Aspects of Western Gray Squirrel Ecology
    Behavioral aspects of western gray squirrel ecology Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Cross, Stephen P. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 11/10/2021 06:42:38 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565181 BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS OF WESTERN GRAY SQUIRREL ECOLOGY by Stephen Paul Cross A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of. the DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN ZOOLOGY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 6 9 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by St e p h e n Paul Cross_______________________________ entitled B E H A V I O R A L A S P E C T S OF W E S T E R N G RAY__________ S Q U I R R E L E C O LOGY___________________________________ be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of D O C T O R OF P H I L O S O P H Y_____________________________ Dissertation Director Date After inspection of the final copy of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:* This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination.
    [Show full text]
  • Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus Pileatus
    Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus Folk Name: Logcock, B’Jesus Bird, Johnny Cock Status: Resident Abundance: Rare to Uncommon Habitat: Mature forests “The pileated woodpecker is a living symbol of the American wilderness, a reminder of the virgin forests that existed before European axes felled the great trees. Along with the great horned owl, raven, and wild turkey, the big woodpecker was a part of the limitless eastern forests.” —John Trott, 2000 The Pileated Woodpecker is our largest woodpecker, growing almost as big as an American Crow. It is quite a distinctive bird with a very large stout bill and a “flaming” red crest. The male has a red malar stripe. It has a white eye line and a white stripe on its neck. From the neck down, its body is almost all black when perched. In flight, it shows a small white wing crescent on the upper wings and large white wing patches on the forewings below. It the Logcock,” published in the March 1888 issue of the can be very loud, and its calls will often echo throughout journal Ornithologist and Oologist. In it, McLaughlin the large expanses of mature forest where it nests. It can provides great detail on how to find Pileated nests, nest occasionally be found in younger forests with “scattered descriptions, clutch size, and more. He discusses seven large, dead trees.” Mature forests with larger diameter nests in Iredell County, at least two of which were active trees support more pairs of woodpeckers than forests with in early to mid-April, and he describes the Pileated as “a smaller diameter timber.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Threatened Birds of Asia: The BirdLife International Red Data Book Editors N. J. COLLAR (Editor-in-chief), A. V. ANDREEV, S. CHAN, M. J. CROSBY, S. SUBRAMANYA and J. A. TOBIAS Maps by RUDYANTO and M. J. CROSBY Principal compilers and data contributors ■ BANGLADESH P. Thompson ■ BHUTAN R. Pradhan; C. Inskipp, T. Inskipp ■ CAMBODIA Sun Hean; C. M. Poole ■ CHINA ■ MAINLAND CHINA Zheng Guangmei; Ding Changqing, Gao Wei, Gao Yuren, Li Fulai, Liu Naifa, Ma Zhijun, the late Tan Yaokuang, Wang Qishan, Xu Weishu, Yang Lan, Yu Zhiwei, Zhang Zhengwang. ■ HONG KONG Hong Kong Bird Watching Society (BirdLife Affiliate); H. F. Cheung; F. N. Y. Lock, C. K. W. Ma, Y. T. Yu. ■ TAIWAN Wild Bird Federation of Taiwan (BirdLife Partner); L. Liu Severinghaus; Chang Chin-lung, Chiang Ming-liang, Fang Woei-horng, Ho Yi-hsian, Hwang Kwang-yin, Lin Wei-yuan, Lin Wen-horn, Lo Hung-ren, Sha Chian-chung, Yau Cheng-teh. ■ INDIA Bombay Natural History Society (BirdLife Partner Designate) and Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History; L. Vijayan and V. S. Vijayan; S. Balachandran, R. Bhargava, P. C. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhupathy, A. Chaudhury, P. Gole, S. A. Hussain, R. Kaul, U. Lachungpa, R. Naroji, S. Pandey, A. Pittie, V. Prakash, A. Rahmani, P. Saikia, R. Sankaran, P. Singh, R. Sugathan, Zafar-ul Islam ■ INDONESIA BirdLife International Indonesia Country Programme; Ria Saryanthi; D. Agista, S. van Balen, Y. Cahyadin, R. F. A. Grimmett, F. R. Lambert, M. Poulsen, Rudyanto, I. Setiawan, C. Trainor ■ JAPAN Wild Bird Society of Japan (BirdLife Partner); Y. Fujimaki; Y. Kanai, H.
    [Show full text]
  • A Multi-Gene Phylogeny of Aquiline Eagles (Aves: Accipitriformes) Reveals Extensive Paraphyly at the Genus Level
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com MOLECULAR SCIENCE•NCE /W\/Q^DIRI DIRECT® PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION ELSEVIER Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35 (2005) 147-164 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A multi-gene phylogeny of aquiline eagles (Aves: Accipitriformes) reveals extensive paraphyly at the genus level Andreas J. Helbig'^*, Annett Kocum'^, Ingrid Seibold^, Michael J. Braun^ '^ Institute of Zoology, University of Greifswald, Vogelwarte Hiddensee, D-18565 Kloster, Germany Department of Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA Received 19 March 2004; revised 21 September 2004 Available online 24 December 2004 Abstract The phylogeny of the tribe Aquilini (eagles with fully feathered tarsi) was investigated using 4.2 kb of DNA sequence of one mito- chondrial (cyt b) and three nuclear loci (RAG-1 coding region, LDH intron 3, and adenylate-kinase intron 5). Phylogenetic signal was highly congruent and complementary between mtDNA and nuclear genes. In addition to single-nucleotide variation, shared deletions in nuclear introns supported one basal and two peripheral clades within the Aquilini. Monophyly of the Aquilini relative to other birds of prey was confirmed. However, all polytypic genera within the tribe, Spizaetus, Aquila, Hieraaetus, turned out to be non-monophyletic. Old World Spizaetus and Stephanoaetus together appear to be the sister group of the rest of the Aquilini. Spiza- stur melanoleucus and Oroaetus isidori axe nested among the New World Spizaetus species and should be merged with that genus. The Old World 'Spizaetus' species should be assigned to the genus Nisaetus (Hodgson, 1836). The sister species of the two spotted eagles (Aquila clanga and Aquila pomarina) is the African Long-crested Eagle (Lophaetus occipitalis).
    [Show full text]
  • Tree Squirrels
    Tree Squirrels When the public is polled regarding suburban and urban wildlife, tree squirrels generally rank first as problem makers. Residents complain about them nesting in homes and exploiting bird feeders. Interestingly, squirrels almost always rank first among preferred urban/suburban wildlife species. Such is the Figure 1. The Eastern gray squirrel is from the deciduous paradox they present: We want them and we don’t and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests of eastern North want them, depending on what they are doing at any America, and was introduced into city parks, campuses, given moment. and estates in Washington in the early 1900s. (Drawing by Elva Paulson) Although tree squirrels spend a considerable amount of time on the ground, unlike the related ground squirrels, they are more at home in trees. Washington is home to four species of native tree squirrels and two species of introduced tree squirrels. Native Washington Tree Squirrels The Douglas squirrel, or chickaree (Tamiasciurus douglasii) measures 10 to 14 inches in length, including its tail. Its upper parts are reddish-or brownish-gray, and its underparts are orange to yellowish. The Douglas squirrel is found in stands of fir, pine, cedar, and other conifers in the Cascade Mountains and western parts of Washington. The red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, Fig. 4) is about the same size as the Douglas squirrel and lives in coniferous forests and semi-open woods in northeast Washington. It is rusty-red on the upper part and white or grayish white on its underside. The Western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus, Fig. 2) is the largest tree squirrel in Washington, ranging from 18 to 24 inches in length.
    [Show full text]
  • Determining the Status of Northern Goshawks in the West: Is Our
    342 COMMENT•m¾ VOL. 32, No. 4 MCLEOD, M.A. AND D.E. ANDERSON. 1998. Red-shoul- CHESNE¾.1998. Status and trends of the Ashy Storm- dered Hawk broadcastsurveys: factors affecting detec- petrel on southeastFarallon Island, California, based tion of responsesand population trends. J. Wildl. upon capture-recaptureanalyses. Condor 100:438-447. Manage.62:1385-1397. TAYLOR, B.L. AND T. GERRODETTE. 1993. The uses of sta- P^GEL,J.E. ANDD.A. BELL.1997. Reply to Cade et al. tisticalpower in conservationbiology: the Vaquitaand regarding de-listingthe American Peregrine Falcon. Northern SpottedOwl. Conserv.Biol. 7:489-500. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25:739-742. TITUS, K. AND M.R. FULLER. 1990. Recent trends in counts , •D B.E. NORTON.1996. De-listing the of migrant hawks from northeastern North America. American Peregrine Falcon: Is it premature? Wildl. J. Wildl.Manage. 54:463-470. Soc. Bull. 24:429-435. W•,D, J.M. •'4D P.L. K•NNED¾.1996. Effects of supple- REYNOLDS,R.T ANDS.M. JoY. 1998. Distribution, territory mental food on sizeand survivalof juvenile Northern occupancy,dispersal, and demography of Northern Goshawks. Auk 113:200-208. Goshawkson the Kaibab Plateau, Arizona. Unpubl. WHITE, C.M. ANDL.E IrdFF.1998. Language use and mis- Final Rep. for Arizona Game and Fish, Heritage Pro- applied, selective "science"; their roles in swaying ject No. 194045. public opinion and policy as shownwith two North ROMESBURG,H.C. 1981. Wildlife science:gaining reliable American raptors.Pages 547-560 in Chancellor,R.D., knowledge.J. Wildl.Manage. 45:293-313. B.-U. Meyburg andJJ.
    [Show full text]
  • Accipiters.Pdf
    Accipiters The northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) and the sharp-shinned hawk (Accipiter striatus) are the Alaskan representatives of a group of hawks known as accipiters, with short, rounded wings (short in comparison with other hawks) and long tails. The third North American accipiter, the Cooper’s hawk (Accipiter cooperii) is not found in Alaska. Both native species are abundant in the state but not commonly seen, for they spend the majority of their time in wooded habitats. When they do venture out into the open, the accipiters can be recognized easily by their “several flaps and a glide” style of flight. General Description: Adult northern goshawks are bluish- gray on the back, wings, and tail, and pearly gray on the breast and underparts. The dark gray cap is accented by a light gray stripe above the red eye. Like most birds of prey, female goshawks are larger than males. A typical female is 25 inches (65 cm) long, has a wingspread of 45 inches (115 cm) and weighs 2¼ pounds (1020 g) while the average male is 19½ inches (50 cm) in length with a wingspread of 39 inches (100 cm) and weighs 2 pounds (880 g). Adult sharp-shinned hawks have gray backs, wings and tails (males tend to be bluish-gray, while females are browner) with white underparts barred heavily with brownish-orange. They also have red eyes but, unlike goshawks, have no eyestrip. A typical female weighs 6 ounces (170 g), is 13½ inches (35 cm) long with a wingspread of 25 inches (65 cm), while the average male weighs 3½ ounces (100 g), is 10 inches (25 cm) long and has a wingspread of 21 inches (55 cm).
    [Show full text]
  • Tinamiformes – Falconiformes
    LIST OF THE 2,008 BIRD SPECIES (WITH SCIENTIFIC AND ENGLISH NAMES) KNOWN FROM THE A.O.U. CHECK-LIST AREA. Notes: "(A)" = accidental/casualin A.O.U. area; "(H)" -- recordedin A.O.U. area only from Hawaii; "(I)" = introducedinto A.O.U. area; "(N)" = has not bred in A.O.U. area but occursregularly as nonbreedingvisitor; "?" precedingname = extinct. TINAMIFORMES TINAMIDAE Tinamus major Great Tinamou. Nothocercusbonapartei Highland Tinamou. Crypturellus soui Little Tinamou. Crypturelluscinnamomeus Thicket Tinamou. Crypturellusboucardi Slaty-breastedTinamou. Crypturellus kerriae Choco Tinamou. GAVIIFORMES GAVIIDAE Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon. Gavia arctica Arctic Loon. Gavia pacifica Pacific Loon. Gavia immer Common Loon. Gavia adamsii Yellow-billed Loon. PODICIPEDIFORMES PODICIPEDIDAE Tachybaptusdominicus Least Grebe. Podilymbuspodiceps Pied-billed Grebe. ?Podilymbusgigas Atitlan Grebe. Podicepsauritus Horned Grebe. Podicepsgrisegena Red-neckedGrebe. Podicepsnigricollis Eared Grebe. Aechmophorusoccidentalis Western Grebe. Aechmophorusclarkii Clark's Grebe. PROCELLARIIFORMES DIOMEDEIDAE Thalassarchechlororhynchos Yellow-nosed Albatross. (A) Thalassarchecauta Shy Albatross.(A) Thalassarchemelanophris Black-browed Albatross. (A) Phoebetriapalpebrata Light-mantled Albatross. (A) Diomedea exulans WanderingAlbatross. (A) Phoebastriaimmutabilis Laysan Albatross. Phoebastrianigripes Black-lootedAlbatross. Phoebastriaalbatrus Short-tailedAlbatross. (N) PROCELLARIIDAE Fulmarus glacialis Northern Fulmar. Pterodroma neglecta KermadecPetrel. (A) Pterodroma
    [Show full text]