4+5/2019

Norwegian Defence and Security Industries Association Giving your capability the edge.

Contribution to situational awareness Support for surfacing decision Proven ESM system combining the advantages of R-ESM and C-ESM

Learn more at saab.no

© thyssenkrupp Marine Systems

Saab_0249_Submarine_annons_210x297.indd 1 2019-01-11 08:47 CONTENTS CONTENTS: 2019 MILITARY ADVICE Editor-in-Chief: 2 2019 military advice from the Chief of Defence M.Sc. Bjørn Domaas Josefsen VANGUARD 4 Kongsberg’s new naval vessel

FRENCH FRIGATE RUSSIA ENTERS LIBYA 6 First digital frigate for the French navy

The situation in Libya following the downfall of the Ghaddafi regime TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT has been one of unrest, hostilities and civil war-like conditions. 7 Civil innovation outpaces military innovation Today, the UN recognized government in the country is under threat from several rebel groups. The greatest challenger to the present GIRAFFE 1X RADAR; government is the Libyan National Army (LNA), a militia led by 8 Benefits from new design General Khalifa Haftar. The LNA is currently in control of the southern and eastern Libya. FSI During the last six months, an increasing number of reports have 9 Norwegian Defence and Security held that the LNA is receiving active military support from Russia. The Industries Association reports are saying that LNA operations are now being supported by Sukhoi fighter bombers, coordinated missile attacks and precision-led BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, artillery. Furthermore, several reports states that Russian mercenary INDUSTRY AND TRADE forces , hired in from private Russian security companies, are 17 First P-8A Poseidon to British Royal Air Force operating together with the LNA. This support is nearly a carbon copy 18 CROWS contract worth MUSD 42 of the Russian military assistance given to the Assad regime in Syria. 21 Second Aircraft Carrier for China Unlike some other super-power leaders, conducting their foreign 22 NFM Group relocates to new head office policy mostly on one whim after another, there can be little doubt that 26 Test Firings of Guided Carl-Gustaf munition President Putin is working to a targeted and long-tern foreign political 27 The last SEA KING 2020 delivered strategy. And this begs the question of the Russian engagement i Libya – what purpose is the Kremlin seeking to achieve? GLSDB Several commentators are pointing to the Libyan oil reserves, 28 Test firing of ground-launched small diameter bomb and that Russia may secure indirect control over these, and thereby achieve very lucrative contracts. It is quite likely that this is a powerful BRITAIN IN THE ARCTIC argument for an engagement in Libya. Moreover, an eventual Russia- 29 Britain and the high north supported Libyan government could prepare the way for establishing a Russian naval base in the country, much like the Russian Navy base F-35 in Tartus in Syria. This way, the Russians could have two key navy 32 Countermeasure testing with the F-35 bases in the Mediterranean. Libya also remains one of Europe’s main gateways for emigrants from all over Africa. As early as when tens of thousands of Syrian refugees were flocking to Europe, it was speculated that this might be an intended Russian policy to put a strain on Europe. Today, we have seen a number of examples that refugees and migrants are being Coverphoto: The littoral combat ship used as a political means to lay pressure on the European countries. USS Gabrielle Giffords Turkey, for example, currently housing more than 3.6 million Syrian (LCS 10) successfully launched the Naval Strike refugees, has on several occasions threatened to open the sluices to Missile (NSM) Oct. 1 during let the refugees flee right through to Europe, unless Europe is willing exercise Pacific Griffin. to “adjust” its policies versus Turkey. The NSM is a stealthy, long-range, precision strike With a future Russian influence in Libya, Russia may be able to missile that can hit enemy gain control over the second immigrant porta to Europe. All future ships at distances up to 180 km (100 nm) away. The European attempts to regulate the flow of emigrants from Afrika via NSM aboard Gabrielle Libya will have to be “sanctioned”­ in the Kremlin. And with Putin Giffords is fully operational. Photo: US Navy always placing “Russia first”, this will no doubt require European concessions in return.

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 1 2019 MILITARY ADVICE 2019 MILITARY ADVICE FROM THE CHIEF OF DEFENCE

On Tuesday the 8th of October, the Norwegian Chief of securing of a national ability to resolve the ­Defence presented his recommendations on what should be defence tasks in our own territories. The volume increase in this option is limited, the Defence priorities over the next few years. The ­conclusion while the reactive capability is enhanced from the Chief of Defence says that the new security political­ throughout the defence, with no signifi- situation in the areas surrounding Norway makes a powerful­ cant increase in stamina. The option will case for strengthening the Defence. It now falls to the entail that contributions to the NATO ­rapid response forces or participation in ­Government and Parliament to make decisions on what the international operations will be at the cost Norwegian Defence will be like in the future. of domestic readiness.

he current Norwegian defence of Defence outlined an “option zero”, Option C: Strengthening the structure, as defined and approved which would be a continuation of today’s communal NATO defence Tin 2016, is no longer adequate to defence. Option C builds on the option D structure, make the Defence into a relevant security­ The four options for stepping up while also enhancing the ability to political tool. It is completely crucial to the capabilities of the Norwegian Defence, participate in international operations ­increase the reactiveness and stamina, ranging from the least ambitious (option without sacrificing day-to-day domestic ­reduce vulnerabilities, contribute more to D) to the most extensive (option A): readiness. The option raises the ability NATO, and reinforce our own forces. to contribute to the communal NATO The Chief of Defence presented Option D: Adjusted to national defence through establishing units that can four different options for stepping up the capability take part on a regular basis, such as the structure of the Norwegian Defence over The structure option D is the least rapid response forces. the coming years. In addition, the Chief ­ambitious level. This option prioritises the

ALTERNATIVE A A "Addresses the security situation"

6 +2 6+1 52 17 +2 5 +3 TACTICAL TRANSPORT MARITIME PATROL FIGHTER AIRCRAFT COAST GUARD MINE COUNTER- AIRCRAFT AIRCRAFT CUTTERS MEASURES SYSTEMS

3+6 +3 24 +10 34 +16 8 +3 5 +1 AIR DEFENCE MARITIME TACTICAL FRIGATES SUBMARINES HELICOPTERS HELICOPTERS

24k +4.5k EMPLOYEES 15,8k+3.3k CONSCRIPTS +4 +6 11 16 +2k MANEUVER COMBAT SUPPORT 42k BATTALLIONS BATTALIONS HOME GUARD

Alternative A in the Military advice from the Chief of Defence. The figures in the small circles (+1, +3, etc) are the additional numbers of units compared to today´s structure/ planned structure. For frigates, the structure of today says 5 vessels, and the Chief of Defence wants 8 vessels, meaning +3 vessels. But as one of the original vessels is lost, the in facto numbers of new vessels will be +4.

2 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 2019 MILITARY ADVICE

Option B: Enhancing the battle secure the maritime reinforcement trans- COST CALCULATIONS capability in own territories ports to Norway is enhanced. The Chief of Defence recommends a boost Option B strengthens the defence in to the Norwegian defence. In terms of cost, ­selected areas. The option consists of two Option A: Corresponds to the all the options represent a gradual increase possible development paths: security situation over the 2020 budget, by 3 BNOK in 2021, – Option B Land: Raising the battle Option A establishes a defence that can 6 BNOK in 2022, 9 BNOK in 2023 and 12 capability on own land areas ­respond to Norway’s current security-­ BNOK in 2024. Or in other words, all the – Option B Sea: Raising the marine political challenges. The number of battle alternatives call for an annual increase in battle capability units goes up in all defence branches to defence spending of 3 billion NOK (300 Option B Land will bolster the raise the military presence and stamina million EUR) through the year of 2024. ­ability to further resist a conventional in security-political crisis situation. The From 2024 on, however, the annual in- ­attack on the northern front. Further- option is free of obvious weaknesses, and crease will be significantly greater for more, a light brigade will be established contains enough battle power to resist ­options a through C, so that for the year of in the South of Norway, with the ability to coercive diplomacy, and deter a potential 2028, option A will give a defence budget ­counter threats all over Norway. opponent from applying military force on of 28 BNOK more than a forwarded 2020 Option B Sea lays emphasis Norwegian land and sea areas. This option level, while option B will be 25 BNOK over on ­increased maritime presence in the answers to the capability targets set up for the forwarded 2020 level, and option C ­Northern territories in times of peace, Norway by NATO. will be at 15 BNOK more. Option D will ­crisis and war. Additionally, the ability to be at the continued 2024 level.

The Norwegian WANTS TWO NEW FRIGATES TO Chief of Defence, Admiral Haakon Bruun-Hanssen. REPLACE KNM “HELGE INGSTAD” Photo: Mats Grimsæth/ Last winter, the Norwegian frigate KNM Helge Ingstad was the Forsvaret/FMS victim of a collision with an oil tanker, and in June this year, the Government came to a decision not to make repairs to the vessel. The simple reason was that the repairs would have a higher price tag than the acquisition of a new ship.

ifferent solutions to replace the ing Nansen class frigates, making this a ment, ­operation, maintenance and further capacity lost in the frigate have challenging operational situation for the ­upgrades over a life-time perspective. The Dbeen considered, such as ­keeping Defence. The recommendation therefore defence chief thus calls for the procure- the Skjold class corvettes, raising the is to establish a collaboration with a key ment of two ­frigates from an existing ­number of submarines, etcetera. The Chief allied nation, with a view to both procure- production line in order to save time and of Defence, however, has concluded that costs. There are ­several frigate prospects, none of these solutions, on their own or all either ­ongoing or in the works, among together, will fully compensate for the loss our key allies. But even with this rapid-­ of a frigate. procurement plan, two new frigates will The Chief also points to the fact not be fully operational until 2030. Until­ that replacing the Helge Ingstad with just that time, the loss of a frigate must a single new frigate will introduce serious be compensated, among other ef- operational problems in terms of aspects forts by securing the continued­ like training, maintenance and spare parts, ­operation of our ­Skjold class if the Navy is to operate a single unique corvettes until the two ­vessel. It is accordingly the recommen­ new frigates are ready. dation of the CoD to replace the “Helge Ingstad” with two new frigates. Since the procurement of a new frigate of the ­Nansen class is no longer a realistic ­possibility, the new vessel must be of a new class of ­frigates. The new frigate class must be operated in parallel with the four remain-

The Norwegian Chief of Defence recommends replacing “Helge Ingstad” with two new frigates. Last winter, the frigate “Helge Ingstad” sunk after a collision with an oil tanker, and the Government has decided not to repair the vessel. The photo displays the Norwegian frigate “Fridtjof Nansen” during the winter exercise Cold Response 2012. Photo: Torbjørn Kjosvold/ Forsvaret/FMS

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 3 VANGUARD

Design work on the Vanguard platform was led by Norwegian maritime consultancy Salt Ship Design. It’s the company’s first major military program, having previously focused on complex commercial ship design work in the offshore energy sector, among other markets. Kongsberg and Salt have been collaborating on the project for more than two years. Vanguard has been fitted out with Kongsberg equipment like a commercial bridge system overlaid with military specifications, but the concept has the flexibility to install other systems to meet customer requirements. According to Kongsberg officials, the Vanguard concept has sparked the interest of potential customers and shipyards. Vanguard could be a contender to replace the Navy’s Helge Ingstad frigate, which was written off after a collision with an oil tanker last year. The build time for a Vanguard in a commercial yard could be as little as two years, according to the Salt executives.

Furthermore, compared to the 123 crew members on board a Fridtjof Nansen frigate, the 90-metre Vanguard vessel will be able to operate with a crew of VANGUARD, only 15-20 persons. This of course means significantly reduced operating cost. I ”KONGSBERG’S NEW NAVAL VESSEL” addition, Kongsberg emphasises that the Vanguard design is extensively based on commercial systems and can be built in In September, the Kongsberg Group presented its VANGUARD, commercial shipyards, at a lower cost and a new concept for navy vessels. The idea behind the concept is in less time than traditional war ships. And a flexible vessel platform that can cover a variety of different based on experiences with both civilian systems and military systems, Kongsberg navy tasks. estimates a 50% reduced life cycle cost of the Vanguard compared to an equivalent he vessel is built around a multi- ­after a collision with a tanker in ­November all-military vessel. purpose hangar supporting last year. Kongsberg presents the Vanguard Tboth helicopter, UAVs and USVs The baseline Vanguard vessel as a multi-purpose vessel, capable of according to the operational role of the has a planned length of 90 meters, and adapting to a number of naval missions. vessel. with an expected displacement of about By swapping standard containers, packed Kongsberg presents it ­vessel 4500 tonnes, it is somewhat smaller than with different mission system, the vessel ­concept at approximately the same time the Norwegian Navy Fridtjof Nansen may perform in different operational roles, as the Chief of Defence presents his 2019 class frigates (134 meters long and 5200 from hydro-graphic survey or coast guard ­Military Advice, where he mentions the tonnes displacement). The Vanguard missions, to anti-submarine warfare and need for two new surface vessels, to replace­ vessel concept, however, is scalable in size high-intensity naval battles. The missions the Frigate Helge Ingstad, that was lost according to customer demand. can be swapped within hours.

4 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 VANGUARD

The different equipment packages are placed into standard ISO containers, and can hold for example air defence and sea target missiles, respectively ESSM or Kongsberg’s own Naval Strike Missile. For mine hunting, the vessel will contain the AUV “Hugin”, used by the Navy for detection, classification and identification of mines. The Vanguard is also based on an open system architecture to be able to integrate with and make effective use of new technology as it becomes available. The concept will also accommodate a 30 to 76 mm cannon in the front, and a 30-40 mm cannon aft, in addition to two Sea Protector weapons stations.

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 5 FRENCH FREGATE

FIRST DIGITAL FRIGATE FOR THE FRENCH NAVY

The steel-cutting ceremony The FDI will be the first French warfare against air and surface threats such of the first defence and inter­ frigate natively protected against cyber as mini-UAVs or tricked boats. vention frigate (FDI) took threats, with a Data Centre accommodating Several navies from around the a great part of the ship applications. The world have expressed interest in the FDI place on the Naval Group site FDI introduces­ the concept of a dedicated­ Frigate class. In particular the Hellenic­ of Lorient. The first of class system for asymmetric threats warfare, navy has taken steps towards a future will be delivered in 2023 ­distinct from the operation room. Located ­frigate cooperation with the French and is part of a series of five behind the bridge, it will lead ­asymmetrical navy. vessels.­

he FDI is a high sea, multi-mission frigate capable of fulfilling any Tkind of mission in all operational areas, without changing the configuration of the ship. The frigate can operate alone or within a naval force, through various types of warfare like anti-surface, anti-air and anti-submarine­ . In addition, Special Forces units including two commando boats can be operated from the frigate.

KEY FIGURES:

Displacement: 4,500 tons class Length: 122 meters Beam: 18 meters Max. speed: 27 knots Autonomy: 45 days Accomodation: 125 + 28 passengers Hangar capacities: One 10 t helicopter (the actual standard helicopter will weigh 5 t) and an Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) at the same time. Armament: Exocet MM40 B3C anti- surface missiles, Aster 15/30 anti-air missiles, MU90 antisubmarine torpedoes, artillery. Art impression of the new French FDI frigate Ill: Naval Group

BATTERILADER ETTER MILITÆRE BREDT EMC SPESIFIKASJONER SPENNINGS- OMRÅDE Lader 14,8Volt LiIon med spenning 10–32VDC/ fra 10V–32VDC og 90–264VAC 90–264VAC

• Multispenning inn • EMC spec. etter forsvarets krav • Lading fra kjøretøy eller nett • Starter fra 0 Volt • Kan enkelt modifiseres til andre spenninger • Robust design til mobilt utstyr

GYLLING TEKNIKK AS, Rudssletta 71, Postboks 103, 1309 Rud • Telefon 67151400 • Faks 67151401 • [email protected] • gylling.no

6 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

HOW TO BRIDGE THE GAP: CIVIL INNOVATION OUTPACES MILITARY INNOVATION

The fact that technological development in the civilian sector is progressing at a faster pace than what the military sector does, has become a growing problem. The chief cause is that the military sector is unable to gain effect from the advances being made in the civilian sector. To get a better grip on the phenomenon and start searching for a solution, the Defence Research Institution FFI invited industry and government to attend a two-day seminar in the middle of March, under the heading of “Defence Innovation”. This marked the first ­occasion when the problem was subjected to close study, but it may well not be the last. Some 40 representatives from civilian Morten Tiller, National Armament Director, industry, the FFI, and Innovation Norway participated. Norwegian Ministry of Defence

Text and photo: Tor Husby our philosophy­ that we will learn more however, it takes time to come up with by doing things together than by sitting in ­solutions for operational requirements of o provide a brief overview: meetings, Mørkved stated. an urgent nature. Time has become­ a scarce Companies on the outside find We are discussing huge values to resource in the defence ­sector, however. Tit difficult to gain entrance into both the Defence and the industry. On this backdrop, I ­welcome the “Hack- the military sector. Many companies - Norway imports some 70 percent ing4Allies” initiative.­ The opportunity­ also do not realise that they comprise of of the total amount of its defence materiel. for civilian industry to gain insight­ and technology that may have relevant defence Half of this is procured from the USA. The ­access to ­methods for successful­ problem applications. The optimum solution may Norwegian-American weapons trade is by ­resolution, has the potential to push in- be to develop a triangle of co-operation no means a one-way street, however. The novation in the defence sector another between the Defence, FFI and the industry. USA has bought some important weapons step ahead. In summary, the process could Such an approach seems to be giving systems from Norway: The NASAMS strengthen the Norwegian-American results, says Director of Research for the missile system, the Remote Weapon Station weapons co-operation to the advantage of FFI, Torgeir Mørkved, to Militær Teknikk. Protector for armoured vehicles, the Naval both parties, Tiller opined. Strike Missile, and the Black Hornet nano Developments have shown that the Start-up in 2018 drones to name but a few. They are the traditional military procurement process, The problem-solving phrase is somewhat result of an intimate collaboration between tailored to a long-enduring, conventional simplified “Hacking4Allies”. Mørkved Norwegian government authorities, the purchasing programme, is not any longer ­informs us that the problem was dis- FFI, and the defence industry, emphasised well adapted to the “next generation” type cussed for the first time with Innovation Morten Tiller, National Armaments of innovation. We need to improve our Norway in 2018. Focus at the time was Director. ability to rapidly incorporate new and the problems­ inherent in reaching out to But Tiller reminded the audience advanced technology into military systems. the civilian industry.­ The hoped-for goal that we also have another class of ­advanced We are lacking effective tools for sharing is that the innovators­ in the Defence will weapons systems that are a direct result of the soldiers’ needs with both existing and get a tool for managing the process versus bilateral Norwegian-American ­industry potential defence suppliers. the relevant small and medium businesses. ­co-operation. This applies to missile To what extent can they contribute to the ­systems such as AMRAAM, NASAMS, Even MLU is falling behind resolution of the technological problems­ NSM and JSM, as well as Black Hornet. Tiller also touched upon the traditional Mid of the Defence? For the businesses to Life Updates (MLU) in the different branches ­succeed, they need to know that they have Gaining time of the Defence. Defence is heavily dependent a market­ for selling their stuff. A small - These systems demonstrate the value of on software and ICT, which is playing bunch of American high-tech businesses collaboration between all the interested­ catch-up with new threats being developed was therefore invited to attend the ­seminar. parties – from military users and the all the time. These have often manifested In other words, the American model is ­research sector to the industry, both at themselves in merely a couple of years after ­being tried on the Norwegian scene. It is home and across borders. Traditionally, the last MLU, he complained.

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 7 NORWEGIANGIRAFFE 1X RADAR DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI)

GIRAFFE 1X ­RADAR; BENEFITS FROM NEW DESIGN

Giraffe 1X by Saab is a lightweight 3D ­radar with a total The Saab Giraffe 1X radar before redesign; with flat By use of composite materials Eker Design has designed weight of less than ­surfaces and edged curves. Here the 1X radar is mounted a new visual identity of Saab Giraffe 1X, that also gives on a BvS 10. Photo: M Schaefer/ Diehl Defence ­operational advantages. The radar is mounted on a 200 kg. The Giraffe­ ­pick-up truck. Photo: Saab 1X can easily be ­integrated on a pickup­ truck-sized vehicle, small naval One system for vessels or on a mast or a rooftop. joint missions. From the microphone to the antenna – we provide you with complete ATC and air defense communications system solutions for control centers, airport towers ut as the engineers of and backup system configurations. Saab have had main focus on operational­ ❙ Fully IP-based voice communications system B according to EUROCAE ED137 performances, like radar ❙ HF/VHF/UHF multiband radios ❙ Interoperability in line with NATO STANAGs range and radar specifi­ ❙ Speech and data operation in near-realtime cations, system weight, flexi- ❙ Multi-application of EPM (ECCM) waveforms ❙ Scalable, pay-as-you-grow solution bility and mobility, the visual ❙ Future-ready investment design of the radar dome has gained less attention. www.rohde-schwarz.com/ad/atc Recently, Saab to­ get­her with Eker Design, a Norwegian based industrial design company, reworked the body and chassis of the antenna. Originally, Saab wanted a clear visual ­identity to promote their compact ­Giraffe 1X radar, but it turned out that the visual design also gave operational advantages. The redesign made possible the compre­ hensive use of composites. ­Composite exterior gives the obvious advantage of design ­freedom over sheet metal counterparts. It also ­resulted in simplified structure, ­reduced amount of parts and better ­serviceability. The smooth and curved surfaces reduce the visual signature and wind load.

M_JointCombined_210x280_e_120824.indd 1 24.08.12 9:37 Uhr

8 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI) NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI)

N o rw e g i a n D e f e n c e a nd S e c u r i t y I nd u s t r i e s A ss o c i at i o n (FSi) THE LEADING ASSOCIATION IN NORWAY ADVOCATING THE INTERESTS OF ITS SECTOR, AND THE PRIMARY INTERLOCUTOR FOR THE GOVERNMENT IN MATTERS OF IMPORTANCE TO THE INDUSTRY. AFFILIATED WITH THE CONFEDERATION OF NORWEGIAN ENTERPRISE (NHO) AND REPRESENTING MORE THAN 100 COMPANIES

TRANSFORMASJONSFOND – FMR 2019 MED FOKUS PÅ TEKNOLOGIUTFORDRINGEN

orsvarssjefen har nylig ­industriens øyne. Vi har lenge og i stor grad fortsatt er, strekkelige midler til å kunne lagt frem sitt fag­militære påpekt at det er behov for å ­ledende internasjonalt. På nye realisere realistiske ambisjoner, Fråd. I sitt råd slår kunne hurtig­ iverksette og områder, som for eksempel vilje til og aksept for, å ta risiko Forsvars­sjefen fast at ­Forsvaret gjennom­føre utviklings- og ­nano-UAVer, ­nettverksløsninger og en helhetlig tilnærming til må styrkes betydelig i årene som eksperimenteringsaktiviteter­ og å for taktiske­ applikasjoner, konseptutvikling og eksperi- kommer for å forbli­ et relevant­ bygge ­demonstratorer og prøve ramjet­teknologi for artilleri og mentering. Når løsninger som sikkerhetspolitisk verktøy. Ikke ut ny teknologi og ­konsepter, missiler, autonome­ systemer ivaretar Forsvarets behov er overraskende innebærer­ det både for å avklare potensialet og materialteknologi,­ pågår det ­dokumentert så må utvikling både å øke volum og bredde i til ny teknologi, men også for kontinuerlig innovasjon i tett og anskaffelse skje som en styrkestrukturen. å finne nye anvendelser for samarbeid­ mellom Forsvaret,­ ­sømløs videreføring av igang- I sitt råd slår Forsvars­ ­eksisterende teknologi. Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt­ satte aktiviteter.­ sjefen også fast at Forsvaret I Norge finnes det mange og forsvarsindustrien. Ikke Forutsetningene for at må ­kontinuerlig utvikles ved eksempler på at vilje til å noe av dette hadde vært ­mulig et transformasjonsfond­ skal å ta i bruk ny og eksisterende ­akseptere risikoen det inne­ uten å akseptere en viss grad gi uttelling er gode i Norge. teknologi og han foreslår å bærer å satse på nye teknologi av økonomisk­ og teknisk ­Klimaet for innovasjon i etablere et transformasjons- og/eller nye anvendelser av risiko, men samtidig evne å forsvarssektoren­­ er godt. Små, fond som skal kunne finansiere­ eksisterende teknologi har ­kontrollere risikoen, bl.a. ved å fleksibleorganisasjoner ­ med ­utprøving av teknologi i gjort det mulig å tilføre Fors- kontinuerlig prøve ut i ­praksis stor ­omstillings­­evne, korte ­praksis med avkortet prosess varet avgjørende operative hva teknologien faktisk er i kommunikasjons­­­linjer, lite for testing,­ eksperimentering ­kapasiteter på en kosteffektiv­ stand til å levere. ­hierarki, stor grad av tillit ­mellom og ­utvikling. Det vil kunne måte. Mange av disse inn­ Et transformasjonsfond, ­partene i det ­tradisjonelle gjøre det mulig å finne svar og ovative løsningene har også slik Forsvarssjefen foreslår, vil, trekant­­samarbeidet, en rik ­løsninger på behov­ raskere enn vist seg å være svært attraktive forutsatt at det forvaltes på en ­flora av høykompetente tekno­ i dag og bidra til å redusere hos våre allierte og andre sam­ hensiktsmessig måte, bidra til logimiljøer i akademia og start- risiko for feilinvesteringer. arbeidspartnere. Taktiske og å forløse mer av potensialet up bedrifter og ikke minst I lys av at den tekno­ strategiske kommunikasjons­ i den totale kompetansen og ­dokumenterte resultater over logiske utviklingen går stadig systemer, kryptering, luft- innovasjons­evnen som finnes tid er et godt utgangspunkt for å ­hurtigere og at dagens prosesser vern, missiler, våpenstasjoner, i skjæringspunktet mellom kunne styrke Forsvarets mulig­ for utvikling og anskaffelse i soldatsystemer,­ ammunisjon, brukermiljøene i Forsvaret, heter til å øke den ­operative mange tilfeller er komplekse rakettmotorer, sonarsystemer FFI/akademia og industrien. evnen gjennom å ta i bruk ny og tid­krevende, er dette et m.m., er eksempler på inno- Hensiktsmessig forvaltning teknologi og nye anvendelser av etterlengtet­ initiativ sett med vasjoner der Norge har vært, inne­bærer at fondet tilføres til- eksisterende teknologi.

P.O. Box 5250 Majorstuen, Tel: + 47 23 08 80 00 E-mail: [email protected] NO- 0303 Oslo. NORWAY Telefax: + 47 23 08 80 18 Internet: www.fsi.no

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 9 NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI)

­programme as an example THE FSi EXHIBITION AT AKERSHUS: of ­armament co-operation. The submarine collaboration ­between Norway and Germany is not just about the procure- LARGER THAN EVER ment of identical subs, but the nations will also be co-operating­ Comprising 66 exhibitors and more than 600 visitors, this year’s FSI on operations, maintenance, exhibition was the largest ever held. logistics and training over the years to come. According to the tate secretary Tone fence industry, and that tasks for the defence,­ and she plan, we will be getting a final Skogen­ from the Ministry­ Norwegian­ defence­ industry encouraged the industry to offer from the builders in the Sof ­Defence gave the achieves success­ in exporting­ make use of events such as course of spring 2020, and we ­opening address at this year’s its ­products. Ms Skogen­ this one to build and expand are expecting the submarine FSI exhibition,­ underscoring­ emphasised­ that Norwegian­ networks.­ co-operation to provide cost- the importance of Norway businesses are now also picked The state secretary also effective solutions for all parties up­holding a competent de- for performing maintenance mentioned the submarine to the project.

The German materiel director, Vice-Admiral Carsten Stawitzki (to the left) together with his Norwegian colleague, materiel director Morten Tiller, called on every exhibitor at the FSi defence convention. In the picture, Kongsberg is being visited. In the middle, sales manager Lars Fleisje, Missile Systems, Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace.

Thomas Binnie (left) and Werner Fuchs from Tinex were visited by state ­secretary Tone Skogen of the Ministry of Defence, and availed themselves of the opportunity to present their iSNS (Immune Satellite Navigation System). The Finnish-made iSNS is an effective GPS ECCM (Electronic counter-­counter­ measures) system that ensures reliable GPS operations. iSNS provides full ­jamming immunity, even in an intensive EW (electronic Warfare) battlefield. – Norway has several times experienced disturbances to GPS signals, ­especially Small but mighty. Petr Racak from the Czech company Sieza presented the in northern Norway close to the Russian border, says Werner Fuchs, and formidable Sherp ATV (All-Terrain Vehicle). The SHER is manufactured in Kiev ­explains that with the iSNS, this problem would be solved. The iSNS can easily in the Ukraine and in St. Petersburg in Russia, and has an astonishing ability to be used by land, air and naval forces, including vehicles, UAVs, fighters and negotiate the nastiest of terrains. The vehicle has been sold, among others to the naval vessels, as well as submarines. The system requires minimal integration Ukraine, Russia, Canada, USA, Australia and countries in Europe and Africa. with the GPS systems on board.

10 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI) NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI)

The state secretary also to this, Stawitzki pointed to the Both the state secretary and called triangle of collaboration, underscored­ that from the climate changes that will no the German materiel director, which is the co-operation be- Defence side, armament co-­doubt have an influence on the accompanied by the latter’s tween the industry, the Armed operation carries a great deal strategic development all over Norwegian colleague, materiel Forces and FFI when it comes of weight, and this is a ­major the globe. director Morten Tiller, took the to development and procure- ­aspect with all our major And beyond this, the time to visit every single exhibit ment of materiel for the defence. strategic­ programmes. techno­logical development will at the convention. In parallel with the defence This year, one of the ­speakers have an impact on the ­strategic In conjunction with the exhibition, a seminar was this at the opening of the conven- security challenges, and in exhi­bition, a seminar was also year as well arranged for the FSi’s tion was the German materiel this respect, Stawitzki noted arranged for students at the member companies. The pur- director, Vice-Admiral Carsten the ­significance of modernWar College, where the FSi and pose of the seminar was to let the Stawitzki. Stawitzki addressed ­defence organisations relying some of the largest member major defence suppliers present the strategic ­security ­challenges on ­strategic industrial partners. companies were invited to pres- themselves and their projects, facing Europe, mentioning­ A modern defence is dependent ent themselves to a very inter- thereby enabling them to clarify among others the developments upon capable industry, with all ested and attentive crowd. The opportunities and establish con- in Russia and the annexing of the necessary capacities, said FSi focussed its presentation in tacts with the smaller Norwegian the Crimean Peninsula.­ Further Stawitzki in closing. particular on explaining the so- defence industries.

Tomm O. Pedersen and John A. Omdal (left) from the Kristiansand-based Skytech is a specialised provider of pilot equipment. The company is also the ­business Oskar Pedersen A/S presented a small selection of their products at Norwegian representative for several foreign companies, says Jørn Hoelsæther the FSi convention. (left) and Dag Skjæveland.

Jan Ove Lillås from Lilltech AS showed the Wipe- Conlog Oy is the leading Finnish supplier of mobile Alyser, a portable device for the detection of drugs. systems platforms, special containers and vehicle Using the DrugWipe to sample tests from for modifications, said Kari Kajula, who presented the ­instance the mouth of a suspected driver, the hands NOFAS assists businesses in applying for funding company’s various solutions by means of Virtual of a suspected drug dealer or from a hard surface for R&D projects, says Anne Espelien. NOFAS has Reality goggles. Interested parties can the “step like a table or a car’s steering wheel, the Wipe­ since 2005 written more than 3000 applications­ for inside” for example a communications centre built Alyser will provide a analyse of the DrugWipe. The R&D grants and can handle the entire application­ into a container. system is portable, accurate, objective and reliable. process for the companies.

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 11 NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI)

cited the American company The FSi ethics and anti-corruption­ ETHICS AND THE FIGHT Enron, which went bankrupt group contact email: after a series of disclosures [email protected] AGAINST CORRUPTION on accounting procedures bordering on blatant fraud. – Opportunity will depend FSi has its own group tasked with contributing Many of the senior managers of on the position someone has in and advising on ethics and the fight against Enron were convicted and given an organisation, what resources long prison sentences. the person controls, and how corruption. In October, this group arranged a – Everyone in Enron had effective control routines are. seminar to address this subject. signed the company’s “code of – Rationalisation is about conduct” declaration, but what the factor that no matter how he Norwegian ­Defence, procurement regulations for is the value of such a declaration dishonest or corrupt a person like all other public­ the defence sector) which also if it is not respected, or the is, that person will always T­ventures, both in contains ethical ground rules signatories have no intention of regard him- or herself as a ­Norway and abroad, poses strict and places demands on ethical abiding with it, asked Morino in good person doing the right requirements and expectations­ trade, societal responsibility her opening statement. thing. Rationalisation will also to its suppliers. Last year, this and so on. – Research indicates that consist of arguments like what work received a significant­ inter­ – The requirements in both corruption costs between 2 little I skim off means nothing national boost, as the OECD in the international and national and 7 percent of the revenues in the big picture, me taking June issued its guidelines on regulations apply not only to in an organisation, but if you a present from the customer cautiousness evaluations­ for re- the primary supplier but must ask people where their own has no significance, I would sponsible commerce, which in be adhered to even further business places itself in this have picked him as supplier many ways is a ground-breaking down the value chain, says landscape, almost all will say regardless, why shouldn’t I international agreement on a Karianne Grinde from the FLO. that their company is probably benefit when everybody else is common standard. These guide- – But if we discover deviations closer to one tenth of one doing it, and so on. lines appeared in Norwegian this from the requirements, or that percent. – Good and effective control autumn. suppliers make reservations – In my experience, only a routines are of course essential – The OECD guidelines against specific requirements, very few qualify as 100% honest, in fighting corruption, but this among other things requires this does not automatically and there are correspondingly must be balanced against cost businesses to contribute to the raise a requirement from few that are 100% dishonest. factors and frustration among protection of the environment, our side that the contract The majority of people belong employees. There is often more respect human rights, protect relations are terminated. to the “it depends” group, which to be gained by focusing on the workers’ rights and take a We will instead perform a is to say that honesty is situation rationalisation, says Morino. stand against corruption and significance evaluation, and of dependent. Most of the time, – Explain to the employees kickbacks, explains Fredrik prime importance to us is the three factors must be in place in the organisation the conse­ Mortensen from the FMA for improvement of the relations, for an employee to act corruptly quences of corruption and openers. In Norway, we also so when such a situation arises, or dishonestly: motivation, ­unethical conduct, and present­ have laws on public sector our first choice is to enter into opportunity and rationalisation. the true facts on what cor- procurements with attendant dialogue with the supplier. – The motivation may be ruption means. A committed regulations, and specifically for Veronica Morino from Hibis simply money, but can also be ­villain will not respond­ to these the defence sector, we have the addressed the human factors in response to pressure to land an ­arguments, but the large “it de- ARF (Anskaffelsesregelverket ethics and the anti-corruption agreement, finish a project, or pends” group may be swayed in for Forsvarsektoren, or work. For an example, Morino similar. the right ­direction.

Fredrik Mortensen from the FMA (the ­Nor­wegian Defence Materiel ­Agency) and Karianne Grinde from the FLO (the ­Norwegian Armed Forces Logistics Organisation) presented the regulations that are the foundation for the anti-corruption work in the Armed Forces. Photo: MiltærTeknikk

Veronica Morino from Hibis discussed the human factors that influence employees in their decision to act unethically. Hibis is an advisory firm specialized in fraud and corruption prevention and investigation. Photo: MilitærTeknikk

12 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI) NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI)

5099, combat technical UAS tion. Some relief can be had by for the Armed Forces, has a deploying node stations, such UAV SEMINAR cost framework of 150 to 300 as on tracked vehicles, but sta- The Norwegian Defence has over the years made MNOK, and comprises the pro- tions like this will vulnerable curement of UAV’s for reconnais- to precision­ weapons. Finally, several UAV forays, but so far, the actual UAV sance and surveillance. One of atmospheric conditions such ­efforts of the defence have been limited to the the requirements is that the UAV as Aurora Borealis, or Northern purchase of a few smaller UAV’s in connection­ must be able to operate under all lights, may cause significant with the procurement of CV 90 armoured combat­ kinds of light conditions. problems for radio communica- The Armed Forces has tions, Sørensen explained. vehicles. But at this time, the Defence has two ­identified four different needs to – In a war-like situation, we specific projects in the works, and there was be fulfilled through this project: must also be prepared for our therefore considerable interest in evidence when – NANO UAV communications systems to be the Armed Forces, FFI and the defence industry – Indoors capability almost continuously subjected – VTOL (Vertical take-off and to electronic warfare. Therefore, convened to an UAV seminar held by FSi. landing) with a range of 2 to comms between military units 5 kms (1.5 to 3 miles) as well as with UAV’s will be a he 90 delegates who The range should exceed 240 – And UAV with a range of 5 demanding task in a war against took part in FSi’s UAV kms, or 150 miles, and UAV’s to 20 kms (3 to 12 miles) any technically advanced adver- Tseminar at the end of that will operate in Norway Whether all of these needs sary. October were introduced to must naturally be weather re- may be addressed by a single Erlend Hansen from the FFI the two current defence UAV silient. What is more, the UAV UAV type, or whether up to four presented the opportunities to projects: Project 5099, combat should be able to transmit a different types of UAV will be use UAV’s to improve communi- technical UAS for the Armed continuous stream of informa- needed, is still to be clarified. cations within the Army. Forces (formerly called the tion back to the base station, – UAV’s can perform as Nano UAV2) and Project 7637, which calls for secure com- The communication ­autonomous, airborne com- tactical UAV for the Army. munication. The Army wanted challenges of the Army munication nodes, explained Both projects are in the start- a system that did not depend Major Erik Sørensen pre- ­Hansen, adding that work is up phase, and the expected solely on GPS for navigation sented some of the challenges under way to clarify how UAV’s ­procurement phase will come but could also utilise­ other ­facing the Army with the cur- may be utilised in a communica- in the period of 2022 to 2026. navigation resources. rent communications systems tions structure. – When it comes to a In closing, Spets under- – challenges that will also – There are clear oppor­ ­tactical UAV, the purpose is scored that the tactical UAV ­remain when the Army will be tunities here, but an unspecified­ to supply the Army with a system that the Army will ­operating UAV’s in the future. amount of development work fast, long-range UAV system choose, must be cost-effective First and foremost, it is the will clearly be required to that can contribute effectively with low operator require- Norwegian topography, with ­optimise the use. For one thing, to meeting the Army’s infor- ments. high peaks and low valleys, it is not insignificant where the mation requirements during The project Tactical UAV that pose problems for radio UAV is located between two operations, in terms of both for the Army has an estimated communication. Furthermore, ground stations, and it is not a enhanced situational under- cost frame of some 200 to 400 the weather may cause its own given that the best placement is standing and improved target­ MNOK, or 20 to 40 MEUR. problems, with snow, sleet and in the centre between the two perception, explained Per The other of the Armed rain reducing the effective range transmitters, explained Hansen ­André Spets from the Army. ­Forces UAV projects, Project for some modes of communica- in closing.

Major Erik Sørensen (left) and Per ­André Spets presented require­­­ ments to the UAV’s and challenges in­ herent in operating UAV’s in Norway. Photo: MilitærTeknikk­

Erlend Hansen from the FFI envisioned the use of UAV’s as node stations in the future. Photo: MilitærTeknikk

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 13 NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI)

DEBATE IN THE USA ON FREE TRADE FOR DEFENCE PRODUCTS A report from the Atlantic Council in Washington­ recommends a free trade market for defence products, services, and not least: Ideas and research. If this comes to fruition, the result may be improved­ opportunities­ for Norwegian defence suppliers, while it will also ­contribute to maintaining and ­strengthening the technological dominance­ of the USA and its allies. The time perspective for this, ­however, is undeniably a long one.

Text and photo: Tor Husby NTIB But the sea ahead contains both ill Greenwalt, who chaired opportunities and dangers. The the report, filled the Oslo USA, Canada, Great Britain and BMiltære Samfund to its Australia are integrating their capacity when he presented defence industries. The pro- these ideas at an FFI/FSi forum cess is contained within the Bill Greenwalt, Atlantic Council in the beginning of November. framework of the US National Greenwalt set the tone right and Technology Industrial Base sible holes in the US industry Norwegian authorities at home, away: “We need our allies”. (NTIB). Its purpose is to meet platform that can be exploited and in Washington within the For Norway, Greenwalt’s the challenges from Russia and by Norwegian defence industry. Team Norway concept, where suggestions are of prime impor- China head on, and to be up Pentagon itself has announced the partners mutually carry the tance. We import more than 70 to speed technologically. The that allied nations can become load to ensure they are getting percent of our defence materiel, USA is beginning to fall behind an active team player under through. Last, while not least, half of it from the USA, while in some areas. An expansion of this point. A further aspect is the defence providers have our defence industry collectively the NTIB circuit to other allied that the military supply secu- found the right American advis- ranks 4th among the military nations may promote a broader rity is of primary importance. ers to assist them in a market materiel suppliers to the USA. industry co-operation between To promote this, the MoD has requiring a high level of pro­ The USA is our largest market, the USA and its nearest allies, established a Security of Supply fessional expertise. and the share of Norwegian de- for the benefit of both the mili- Arrangement with the USA. In Svensgård points to the fact fence suppliers who invests in tary and the industry. Whether 2019, a total of 23 defence sup- that it is not just the large Nor- US companies, buys American to expand the NTIB, is a central pliers have signed the voluntary wegian companies like KDA and enterprises or establishes new part of the American defence de- Code of Conduct declaration. NAMMO that have succeeded, business in the USA, is on the bate. If the NTIB collaboration­ but also a series of smaller busi- rise. What is more, Norwegian is to be kept exclusively for the Most have done it right nesses like for example Aksnes, and American companies work- four partners, this may signal Norwegian defence industry suppliers of wireless intercom, ing together have achieved sig- harder times in the ­future for has succeeded extremely well and Comrod, who sells anten- nificant global export success. Norwegian defence ­suppliers in the American defence mar- nae to the US Armed Forces. The Norwegian MoD seeking to compete on contracts ket, and better than it has fared Recently, even the US Navy and is ­actively supporting the inside the circuit. in any other market, while the US Marines have decided ­American activities of the de- – For Norway, it will be some businesses for a variety of to procure Norwegian missiles. fence businesses,­ while demand- important to develop strategies causes have failed to penetrate There is also extensive collabo- ing in general that high priority to remain a relevant outside the outer barrier, said the Chief ration on the development on is given to the work on sourc- country, while at the same time of FSI, Torbjørn Svensgård, in the next generation of artillery ing inter­national partners. The looking into the possibilities of a commentary. Of key impor- ammunition and rocket motors ­result is that the capabilities of becoming an NTIB member at tance is that the successful pro- using ramjet technology. the ­Norwegian and American a later date, Tiller emphasised. viders in co-operation with the Still abundant, how­ defence industries are well in- Tiller drew up some per- Armed Forces have developed ever, are the problems related tegrated. All in all, the export spectives for the work ahead: products that rank among the to ­American protectionism, share of the defence businesses MoD keeps close contact with best in the world; have had a ­export control regulations, is around 75 percent, which is the Pentagon to reinforce the fruitful dialogue with the user and problems­ with the transfer among the largest such in the weapons collaboration. The goal environments in the USA, and out of American technology et world, said Mr. Morten Tiller, is to ensure Norwegian access to have connected with the right ­cetera, making it hard to exploit National Armaments Director,­ American technology, while at industry partners. Besides, they the opportunities to their full MoD, in his address to the forum. the same time investigating pos- have kept a useful dialogue with potential.

14 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI) NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI) QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE DEFENCE SECTOR Within the Defence sector, strict demands of the customer or the end user. The most important require- have been placed upon the suppliers’ Quality­ Herein may be a shortcoming ments that the AQAP-2110 with some suppliers – in the poses to the supplier, is for the ­Assurance ever since the end of World War ­insufficient understanding of business to work to a quality Two. Today, most of these demands are common­ the users’ needs. plan, a configuration plan and a between the NATO countries, and formally Ingebretsen also empha- risk management plan. In addi- ­described in NATO agreements (STANAGs). sised that processes for Govern- tion, the companies must have ment Quality Assurance (GQA) in place a plan to ensure that no are the same for all NATO coun- counterfeits, or bootleg compo- he NATO Standards that also used the opportunity tries. This is to say that when a nents, can gain entry into the and contractual re- to exchange ideas in their area supplier is facing a customer production chain. AQAP-2110 Tquirements for Quality of interest. such as NDLO, NDMA or an- also prescribes that a GQA rep- ­Assurance are comprehensive, The seminar was opened other NATO country, the basic resentative gets full disclosure and for the suppliers, it may by Ole Petter Ingebretsen, head rules will be the same. – The and access to the business. be quite complicated to be- of the NDMA/QA Branch, who processes involved in the estab- – The implementation of the come fully cognisant with all underscored the significance of lishing and revision of a joint AQAP standards in a company the ­different aspects. This is such a seminar. – We need to NATO rule set may be quite can be a demanding process. why the FSi, in co-operation spread more information about demanding, when 28 countries The first task of a company seek- with the Quality Assurance QA requirements in the defence seek to achieve consensus. Hav- ing to achieve compliance with Branch of the Norwegian De- sector in order to prepare the ing said this, when the discus- the demands of AQAP-2110 is fence Materiel­ Agency (NDMA), industry. sions draw to a close, the end to ensure that the purpose of the arranged a seminar in the be- At the outset, our goal is results are often very satisfac- implementation is communi- ginning of November, for the to achieve confidence that the tory, said Ingebretsen in closing. cated to the entire organisation, purpose of giving­ the industry supplier can deliver products Henning Vangli from the and that these are aligned with a better insight­ into the various as agreed, and demonstrate NDMA/QA Branch presented the company’s goals. We fre- requirements for quality assur- that the products are up to our the different standards, laying quently see that companies fail ance and configuration manage- ­requirements. If that confidence particular weight on the AQAP- to develop their own processes ment, and to improve its under- is missing, both we and the 2110 (Allied Quality Assurance to manage their delivery targets. standing of how the NDMA/QA ­supplier have a serious chal- Publications). Vangli also made Not surprisingly, the same com- Branch operate. The conference lenge, says Ingebretsen, adding a point of explaining what dis- panies are struggling to meet the gathered QA/CM participants that it is crucial that the suppli- tinguishes the AQAP-2110 from requirements of AQAP, Vangli from 23 different FSi members er fully understands the needs the civilian ISO 9001 standard. explains in closing.

NDMA QA Branch is the QA authority for Defence acquisitions. The QA Branch performs assessments of suppliers` quality management system and does quality ­assurance surveillance of suppliers to the Norwegian Armed Forces and other NATO countries. From the left; Kjersti Thuesen, Lars Sløier Smith, Brit Irene Bergheim, Henning Vangli, Rune Haukedal (rear), Lise Strat (front), Ronny Grønvold, Ove Bjørnbak, Ole Petter Ingebretsen. Not present during photo shoot: Petter Christensen, Patricia Flakstad. Photo: MilitærTeknikk

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 15 NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI)

FSi SMB CORPORATE PRESENTATION:

DSG Technology is a small ammunition company. DSG Technology has ­developed two families of patented ammunition. Especially known is the small arms super-cavitating “Swimming” rounds. As of today, the company only ­delivers prototype ammunition for testing, but the company is planning on mass production by the end of 2019.

DSG Technology is a small But even though the company has ation, FSi. The FSi offers us the ­opportunity ­ammunition company. DSG Technology several facilities in the US, the company­ to collaborate­ with other ­dedicated players has developed two families of patented proudly sees itself as a Norwegian ­company, in the defence industry.­ It also provides ammunition. Primarily known is the small committed to following Norwegian values us with numerous ­possi­bilities to meet arms super-cavitating “Swimming” rounds. and well-known business conduct ethics. ­others and establish­ essential relations, As of today, the company only delivers DSG is in an early stage in regards of while also keeping us updated by offering prototype ammunition for testing, but the the defence market but has experienced ­seminars and training courses addressing company is planning on mass production an enormous interest in its ammunition by key subjects.­ by the end of 2019. several NATO nations. The company aims DSG Technology was established in to produce ammunition for the armed How does the business make use 2006 and has since then gone through forces and police forces within NATO and of its FSi membership? ­several changes of ownership, and been other western countries. We participate in seminars and meetings headquartered at various locations in and seize the opportunity to be a part of ­Norway. 2018 saw the advent of a new Number of staff: 8 in Norway, plus 4 Norwegian pavilions at conventions and management team that quickly trimmed in the USA. These include project manage­ fairs wherever they are held. the development effort down to a few ment as well as engineers in the fields of ­specific calibres. This made a positive ballistics and weapons technology. Would the business have inputs to ­effect, and DSG is as per the autumn of submit to the SMB department of 2019, ready to go into series production of Main investor: Stykket Invest the FSi? these calibres. We observe that many Norwegian small DSG headquarter is in Horten, Board of directors and medium businesses with ground- ­approximately 100 km south of Oslo. Per Christian Voss, Torfinn Titlestad, breaking technology are struggling to sell ­Besides, the company has a test facility in ­Edgard Fossheim, Gudmund Kjærheim, their products to the Norwegian Defence. Virginia, USA, and an office in the House Jon Asbjørn Bø This happens even though other nations of NADIC in Washington DC. are adopting the products with open arms. The company’s production lines are Location: Horten, Midland Virginia It is essential to be able to demonstrate that being established bought in the USA and and Washington DC the products are in use in our own back- Norway. yard to build credibility. DSG Technology is now also in the FSi membership: DSG has been an ­process of establishing an R&D and test FSi member for several years. Super-cavitation: Super-cavitation is the use facility in Norway with limited up to full of cavitation effects to create a bubble of gas or production capabilities. We also provide Why a member of the FSi? vapour large enough to encompass an object safety training and consultancy services We need to be a noticeable part of Norwegian­ ­travelling through a liquid, significantly reducing the skin friction drag on the object and enabling around the developing of aquatic test sites. Defence and Security Industries­ Associ­ high speeds.

XMP: This projectile was designed to have ­extreme Range 82: In our aquatic test facility, we do precision and penetration at long distances, as well ­several things. First and foremost, we are looking as having unique capabilities with a subsonic load. for a bullet that swims. We also do velocity checks Due to the projectile design, weight, balance, and and pressure checks, and we have an acoustic CAV-X: Classified as Multi Environment Ammu- extreme tolerances during the manufacturing and setup for target acquisition. All this gets compiled nition – MEA™ – this projectile is effective against loading process, the XMP projectile will retain together for data that we analyze for continuous submerged targets as well as airborne targets. stability throughout its flight. In the subsonic load, improvement during our R&D process. ­Depending on the weapon and the loading variant, these rounds cycle the weapon and penetrate steel. this ammunition is suitable for use in partially or Due to the weight of the projectile, there is almost fully submerged weapons, regardless of whether no deflection whatsoever after the first level of the target is under water or on the surface. penetration.

16 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI) BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

– B u l l e t i n B o a r d f o r D e f e n c e , I nd u s t ry a nd T r a d e –

Contract for F-35 Program RCM and Saab contract for worth 162 MNOK ­Finnish Navy’s new corvettes Kongsberg Defence & Aero- -The contract allows us Rauma Marine Constructions class corvettes to replace seven space has signed a contract to continue our long-stand- (RMC) and Saab have signed ageing vessels.The Navy will with Marvin Engineering worth ing relationship with Marvin contracts for the Finnish Navy’s use the new combat ships to 162 MNOK to supply air-to-air Engi­neering providing contin- new Pohjanmaa-class corvettes engage in warfare with surface ­pylons for the F-35 Joint Strike ued production of the ­pylon for the Squadron 2020 project. combatants and submarines, Fighter Program. The agreement­ through 2020 in KONGSBERG’s­ The contracts were signed taking anti-aircraft measures. covers production lot 13 for all ­facilities, says Eirik Lie, Presi- with the Finnish Defence Forces The contract signed with variants of the fighter. dent Kongsberg Defence & Logistics Command in Turku, Saab is for the supply and inte- Aerospace AS. Finland on 26 September. gration of the combat system for According to the 647.6m the four vessels. The seven-year Euro contract, RMC will de- contract is valued at 412m Euro DA62 Maritime sign and construct four new and will be valid until 2027. multi-purpose corvettes for the Construction of the corvettes Surveillance Aircraft Finnish Navy. RMC’s subsidiary will take place between 2022 The maritime surveillance vari- The DA62 MSA has a length RMC Defence will build the and 2025. The vessels are ex- ant of the DA62 aircraft is being of 9.19m, a height of 2.82m hulls of the four combat vessels. pected to be delivered by 2026 developed by Diamond Aircraft and a wingspan of 14.55m. It The Finnish Navy intends and become fully operational by in a strategic partnership with is outfitted with a 151kg main to acquire the new Pohjanmaa- 2028. Italian company Leonardo. It fuel tank and a 110kg auxiliary will offer user-friendly, afford- fuel tank. The empty weight of able and light intelligence, sur- the aircraft is 1,590kg, while First P-8A Poseidon veillance and reconnaissance its maximum take-off weight (ISR) capability for maritime (MTOW) is 2,300kg. The to British Royal Air Force security and surveillance tasks. DA62 MSA variant is installed The British Royal Air Force Lossiemouth in Scotland with Integrated with a full suite with a Leonardo Gabbiano TS (RAF) received the first P-8A the 120 Squadron. Brittan is in- of Leonardo’s sensors, the new ­surveillance radar underneath Poseidon maritime patrol air- vesting £3 billion in nine P-8A aircraft is effective for short the fuselage to provide long craft (MPAs) from Boeing at an jets which will enhance the UK’s and medium-range land and and short-range surveillance official ceremony in Seattle on tracking of hostile maritime ­maritime surveillance missions. ­capabilities over the land and October 30. An RAF aircrew will targets, protect the British con- The new solution aims to meet at sea. begin training with the aircraft tinuous at-sea nuclear deterrent the high demand for land and The aircraft also features a Naval Air Station Jacksonville and play a central role in NATO maritime surveillance platforms high-definition electro-opticin Florida prior to the plane fly- missions across the North Atlan- in South America, Africa and and infrared (EO/IR) turret ing to the U.K. in 2020, where tic. The aircaft will be known as Asia Pacific. ­below the nose of the fuselage. it will then be stationed at RAF Poseidon MRA1 in RAF service. In June 2019, the DA62 The maximum cruise speed MSA aircraft was unveiled at the of the aircraft is 352km/h, while Paris Air Show in Paris, France. its operating speed is 140km/h. INVISIO receives first order The maritime surveil- The DA62 MSA has a maximum lance variant features carbon operating altitude of 6,096m from the Swedish Police composite­ airframe coated with and offers a flight endurance of INVISIO has received a first million. Delivery is planned for matte grey finish for reduced up to eight hours. order for communication and 2019. ­reflections and observability. hearing protection systems INVISIO estimates that the from the Swedish Police. The framework agreements cover order value for INVISIO is SEK thousands of police officers and 19 million and deliveries are that their potential value is be- planned for before the end of tween SEK 50 and 70 million. the year. The agreements run for two The previously announced years with an option for the framework agreements with the Police to extend them by an- Swedish Police for communi- other two years. The framework cation equipment with active agreements do not guarantee hearing protection have gen- any volumes, but call-off will be Photo: Diamond Aircraft erated a first order of SEK 19 as needed.

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 17 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

KONGSBERG to supply RNZAF’s P-3 to support turret on ARV ­sanctions against North Korea Science Applications Interna- Naval Research and the United The New Zealand Govern- A P-3 was deployed by tional Corporation (SAIC) has States Marine Corps. ment has decided to ­contribute New Zealand in support of selected KONGSBERG to design KONGSBERG has de­ a Royal New Zealand Air UNSC sanctions resolutions in and manufacture an advanced, livered more than 16,000 re- Force (RNZAF) P-3K2 (P- ­September and October 2018. remote medium caliber turret. mote weapon­ station (RWS) 3) ­aircraft to support United The maritime patrol aircraft The solution includes ­CORTEX and ­turret systems to the U.S. ­Nations ­sanctions against North will be stationed at Kadena Air ICS vetronics and combat ­Department of Defense. The Korea. Base in Japan. ­services solutions for SAIC’s Ad- nearly 20 years of service in- This is the second time During the period from vanced Reconnaissance Vehicle­ cludes active current serial de- that the country is supporting mid-October to November this (ARV) (formerly Armored Re- liveries to all U.S. uniformed the implementation of United­ year, the aircraft will conduct connaissance Vehicle)­ “at the services and several defense, se- ­Nations Security Council patrols and perform sur­veillance edge” offering to the Office of curity, and intelligence agencies. (UNSC) resolutions. ­missions over inter­national ­waters in North Asia.

Orders received in total worth 2 CROWS contract worth MUSD 42 Billion NOK for deliveries to F-35 Kongsberg Defence & Aero- ter from the CROWS-program Kongsberg Defence & Aero- ordered in previous quarters. space AS has signed a new amounts to MUSD 131. These space AS has finalized a contract The agreement covers produc- ­contract for new remote orders are related to CROWS with Lockheed Martin Aero­ tion lots 12-14 for rudders, ­weapon stations (RWS) to the framework agreement, which nautics adding up to 2 Billion vertical leading edges and main American­ CROWS-program, was announced 14 September NOK for the F-35 Joint Strike landing gear closeout panels for worth MUSD 42. 2018 with a total scope up to Fighter Program, where 700 all three versions of the F-35, With this contract the total MUSD 498. MNOK has been incrementally totalling more than 500 aircraft. order income during the quar-

The Patriot II protected height of 2.8m. The maximum Patriot II Protected Mobility Vehicle ­mobility vehicle is based on combat weight of the vehicle is Patriot II is a new protected in co-operation with H Cegiel- the Tatra Force 4×4 chas- 17t. ­mobility vehicle by the Czech ski-Poznan and Tatra Defence sis. Its modular­ design can The protected mobility ve- company Excalibur Army, Vehicles. be inte­grated with reconnais- hicle can accommodate a driver, which is part of the Czecho- The armoured vehicle can sance, command and con- a commander, and six troops. slovak Group (CSG). It is an be used by the armed and se- trol, chemical,­ medical evacu­ It features an air conditioning upgraded variant of the Patriot curity forces to perform recon- ation, recovery, workshop, and system to ensure smooth opera- 4×4 medium armoured tactical naissance and patrolling tasks, ­communication equipment and tions in extreme temperatures. multi-mission vehicle. asymmetric warfare missions, systems. The armoured vehicle is The Patriot II vehicle was and for carrying weapon sys- Patriot II has a length of ­fitted with a remotely-con- developed by Excalibur Army tems for light motorised units. 6.25m, a width of 2.55m, and a trolled weapon station (RCWS) armed with a 20mm automatic cannon. Its design enables the carriage of a manned turret with up to 14.5mm calibre machine guns or a remote weapon ­station with cannons up to 20mm cali- bre or grenade launchers. Patriot II can also be armed with anti-tank guided missiles or mortars. Patriot II can attain a maxi- mum speed of 110km/h and a maximum range of 700km. The vehicle can traverse ­vertical obstacles of 0.5m high and trench up to 0.9m-wide. It can ford a depth of 1.2m with- out preparation. The gradient and side slope of the vehicle are 45° and 32°, respectively. ­Patriot II is easily transportable Photo: Excalibur Army by military transport aircraft.

18 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

Royal Navy selects Babcock for ZBD-04A Tracked Infantry new Type 31 Frigates ­Fighting Vehicle The Royal Navy selected The new Babcock Arrow- ZBD-04A is a tracked armoured­ way stabilised, semi-automatic ­Babcock as its preferred bidder head 140 ships will be desig­ infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) 100mm gun/missile system, to build the UK’s new fleet of nated Type 31 by the Royal developed by China North which can fire highly-­explosive five Type 31 frigates. The ships Navy. The programme will be Industries­ Corporation frag­mentation rounds and will cost around £250m per led by Babcock with support (NORINCO) for the People’s ­anti-tank guided missiles. ­vessel and, once complete, will from Thales. Liberation Army (PLA). It is an The secondary armament­ be based across the world to improved variant of the ZBD-04 includes a 30mm coaxial­ ­increase the Royal Navy’s reach. vehicle. The IFV was presented ­automatic cannon and a in October 2019. 7.62mm coaxial machine gun. The vehicle features an The vehicle can attain a Zetor Gerlach Armoured ­aluminium hull mounted with a ­maximum road speed of 75km/h steel turret. and a maximum cruising­ range Tactical Vehicle It is manned by a driver, of 600km. Zetor Gerlach is a new-genera- vehicle can be reconfigured into commander, and gunner. It The ZBD-04A has the tion armoured tactical vehicle­ three versions to meet different can carry seven heavily-armed ­capability to conduct amphi­ (ATV) developed by Zetor mission requirements. ­infantrymen. The ZBD-04A has bious operations. It is propelled ­Engineering Slovakia. Zetor The Zetor Gerlach is fitted a combat weight of 24,000kg. in water by two large water ­presented the Gerlach 4×4 with an air conditioning sys- ZBD-04A is installed with jets mounted on either side ­combat version in May 2019. tem and a chemical, biological a two-man turret mounted on of the rear hull. It can sail at a The company agreed with and nuclear (CBN) protection top of the forward chassis. The ­maximum speed of 6km/h. to equip its Gerlach ATV is system.­ turret is armed with a dual- equipped with an advanced bal- The combat version of the listic and anti-mine protection­ Zetor Gerlach is armed with systems supplied by Rhein- a remote-controlled weapon metall. ­system (RCWS) mounting a The 4×4 is based on a chas- ­machine gun. The Zetor Gerlach­ sis known as Rolling Chassis vehicle can attain a maximum Zetor. It uses multi-layer com- road speed of 110km / h and ponents, which increase the a maximum cruising range of protection of the occupants and 800km. the vehicle. The overpressure It can cross a maximum armoured capsule is directly ­vertical step of 0.5m and mounted on the chassis, while trenches with a maximum the gantry frame arrangement width of 1m. It can negotiate can resist high dynamic effects. terrain grades of up to 70% The ATV measures 5.65 m- and side slopes up to 40% long, 2.5 m-wide and 2.5 m- when carrying­ the full load. It Photo: NORINCO high, maximum gross weight can wade a ­maximum depth of is 12.5 tonnes. Its cabin offers 1.2m without preparation. a maximum internal space of The ATV is also fitted with Australian P-8A Poseidon 7.7m³, which can accommodate a central tire inflation system up to six personnel including (CTIS) to offer high mobility on to Middle East crew and troops. The modular different terrains. The Royal Australian Air Force A series of incidents in the (RAAF) has deployed a P-8A Strait of Hormuz have led to a Poseidon aircraft to the ­Middle US-led multinational effort to East in support of a US-led enhance maritime security in ­internal maritime security the region. coalition.­ The RAAF P-8A Poseidon Australia is a member of the will support the safe passage of International Maritime Security­ assets by providing advanced Construct (IMSC), which maritime patrol and sur­ ­includes the US, Saudi Arabia, veillance. Bahrain and the UK. Following the withdrawal Headquartered in Bahrain, of the patrol and surveillance IMSC is aimed at safe­guarding aircraft, the government will freedom of navigation and send an Anzac-class frigate to ­ensuring the safe passage of the Middle East in January next shipping assets through the year for a six-month deploy- Photo: Zetor Gulf. ment.

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 19 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE Bluefin-12 Unmanned ­ Certified as first global F-16 MRO Underwater Vehicle (UUV) Depot Bluefin-12 is a medium-class ecosystem assessment and route Kongsberg Aviation Main­ Susan Ouzts stated that unmanned underwater vehicle survey. tenance Services certified as first “KAMS has decades of F-16 (UUV) developed by General The lightweight UUV is global F-16 Falcon MRO Depot sustainment experience that can Dynamics Mission Systems to 4.83m-long and has a diameter by Lockheed Martin. be leveraged globally to support provide mission-critical data for of 32cm. The depth rating of On 14 October 2019, our F-16 customers. KAMS has defence, industrial and oceano- the vehicle is 200m.The vehicle ­Susan Ouzts, Vice President of a unique opportunity to per- graphic research missions. weighs 250kg. F-16 of Lockheed Martin certi- form Lockheed Martin F-16 The autonomous UUV was The modular architecture fied Kongsberg Aviation Main­ quality work, through deploy- displayed by General Dynamics simplifies in-field maintenance tenance Services (KAMS) as the able global field teams, with Mission Systems at the Defense and reduces operational down- first Falcon Depot. approved LM engineering and and Security Equipment Inter- time. The vehicle can be re- President of Kongsberg Lockheed Martin licensed parts national (DSEI) 2019 exhibi- covered, reconfigured and re­ Aviation, Atle Wøllo, co-signed at a value to the customer”. tion. deployed within 30 minutes. It the Falcon Depot certification Lockheed Martin continues The UUV can be deployed can be launched and recovered authorizing KAMS to perform to grow its F-16 customer base in tactical missions such as from different types of vessels. Lockheed Martin certified F-16 and sees new F-16 production mine countermeasures (MCM), The modular UUV sup- Maintenance, Repair and Over- opportunities totaling more a rapid environmental assess- ports the integration of sensors haul (MRO) sustainment work than 400 aircraft. There are ap- ment (REA), search-and-re­ and payloads preferred by the as an Lockheed Martin franchise­ proximately 3,000 operational covery (SAR) and port security. ­operator. The base vehicle offers in the global market. F-16s in service today within Its industrial applications a space of more than 4,000cm³ twenty-five countries. include baseline environmental for payloads and Bluefin assessment, geophysical survey, ­Robotics standard interfaces for water quality measurement, payload addition. Lynx Infantry Fighting Vehicles for Australia? Rheinmetall signs Risk Miti­ manufactured in Australia by gation Activity Contract for local companies ­including the ­testing of Lynx KF41 for Austra- alternator (­Milspec in Albury), lia’s Land 400 Phase 3 program running gear (Supashock in The Bluefin-12 UUV is propelled by a gimbaled, ducted thruster, installed at the The contract includes the Adelaide) and cables (Cablex in rear section. The thruster is powered by four 1.9kW/h rechargeable lithium-ion delivery of three Lynx KF41 Melbourne).­ batteries.The propulsion system provides an optimal sustained transit speed of ­Infantry Fighting Vehicles to Under the LAND 400 Phase 6knots and a survey speed of 5knots. The vehicle offers an optimal endurance of compete in trials for the AUD 3 RMA contract, the Common- 36h at 2knots speed. The swappable and rechargeable batteries can be rapidly removed for charging. Each dismounted battery can be recharged in six hours. 15 billion (EUR 9.5 billion) wealth will undertake an exten- LAND 400 Phase 3 program. sive technical and programmatic­ The RMA contract now signed assessment of the two bidders Saab Comments on Swedish-UK has a value of AUD 50 million over a period of 24 months. (about EUR 30 million). The vehicles will be operated Future Combat Air Announcement Lynx KF41 is a next gene­ by Australian Army personnel On 18 July 2019, the govern­ systems (FCAS), which con- ration tracked, networked and tested in Australian terrain ments of Sweden and the cluded that identified synergies and highly protected IFV. The ­under extreme conditions. ­United Kingdom signed a between the companies would platform offers a significant Rheinmetall is currently de- ­Memorandum of Under­ provide a solid foundation for growth potential. Key vehicle livering 211 Boxer 8x8 Combat standing (MoU) regarding co- the further development of the elements of the Lynx KF41 Reconnaissance Vehicles (CRV) operation on future combat air required industrial and techno­ are also being developed and to the Australian Army. systems. Saab views the agree- logy base. Saab will contribute ment as a starting point for ex- with its experience of advanced ploring the opportunity for joint technology development, sys- development of a future combat tem integration of complete air system, which will also read combat air systems and related across into the continued long- areas including sensors, missile term development of existing systems and support. platforms including Gripen. Saab and British industry Leading up to the MoU stand ready to support the out- signing, Saab has worked with lined objectives set out by the British industry partners, BAE Swedish and UK governments. Systems, Leonardo UK, MBDA Saab has not yet received an and Rolls Royce on a feasibil- order in relation to the FCAS ity study on future combat air MoU. Ill: Rheinmetall

20 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

Second Aircraft Carrier for China China’s second aircraft ­carrier, commissioned to the PLA Navy the first domestically built,on September 25, 2012 in ­appears to be preparing for ­Dalian after years of refitting a possible commissioning and sea trials. ­ceremony since it returned from The second aircraft carrier is its eighth sea trial. moored at the Dalian Shipyard China’s first aircraftcarrier ­ in Northeast China’s Liaoning Liaoning was delivered and Province. An A-10 Thunderbolt II, assigned to the 74th Fighter Squadron, Moody Air Force Base, GA, returns to mission after receiving fuel from a KC-135 ­Stratotanker, Russian Corsair (Korsar) 340th Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron, over the skies of Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom, May 8, 2011. ­Unmanned Aerial Vehicle U.S. Air Force photo/Master Sgt. William Greer Russian Corsair (Korsar) un- The open-architecture de- manned aerial vehicle (UAV) sign of the drone allows for system was developed by the easy swapping of payload Terma to Equip USAF A-10 Luch Design Bureau, a part of ­components based on the Roselektronika, and the first ­mission requirement. The ­Aircraft With 3D-Audio prototype of the unmanned air- ­fuselage length of the drone is Terma North America Inc. The system provides enhance- craft was introduced at in 2015. 4.2m, while its wing span is has been awarded a USD 60.0 ment of the pilot’s situational The export variant of the UAV 6.5m. Themax take-off weight ­million contract to equip A-10 awareness, survivability, and was unveiled 2019. of the UAV is 200kg. from US Air National Guard reduction of workload by pre- The drone can be configured The drone can reach alti- (ANG), Air Force Reserve senting audio warnings/cues to perform a variety of military tudes from 100m to 5,000m, ­Command (AFRC) and Air and radio messages in a full missions such as surveillance, which makes it out of reach Combat Command (ACC) with 360-degree spherical represen- aerial reconnaissance, patrol and from small arms fire and various a Terma 3D-Audio/ANR system. tation. This capability enables observation, target acquisition, types of portable anti-aircraft With this program, the the pilot to get the dynamically aerial photography, and cargo missile systems. ­legacy Audio Management updated warning tone/cue in transportation. It can also operate The UAV is capable of ­System will be replaced by the the true direction of the threat with other ground and air plat- ­operating at a maximum speed Terma Aircraft Audio Manage- and spatially separating radio forms within a secure­ network. of 150km/h and can stay in ment System (AAMS), which communication for increased Corsair can be used for air for up to eight hours. It includes our market leading speech intelligibility. The sys- ­civilian applications including is capable­ of operating in all 3D-Audio and noise reduction tem also provides Active Noise monitoring infrastructure, the weather conditions. capabilities. Reduction (ANR) and Electri- environment, and road traffic, The export variant has a Under this indefinite-deliv- cal Noise Reduction (ENR) for as well as forest fire-fighting and speed ranging from 100km/h to ery/indefinite-quantity contract reduced pilot stress and fatigue. emergency response and relief 180km/h. It offers a flight range Terma will engineer, integrate, In December 2017 the missions. up to 100km, while its service produce, install, and support ­Belgian Defence and the Royal The Ministry of Defense of ceiling is between 100m and the 3D-Audio for Fairchild Netherlands Air Force signed the Russian Federation plans to 4,000m and flight endurance is ­Republic A-10C Thunderbolt II similar contracts with Terma purchase a set of Corsair UAV 7.5 hours. (“Warthog”) aircraft. for Aircraft Audio Management drones. The export variant of the The work under this System which also includes the Corsair UAV system consists­ Corsair UAV was unveiled at ­contract will be performed at 3D-Audio and noise reduction of a drone, electric power MAKS-2019 air show. The facilities in USA and Denmark capabilities. ­generation system, a full set of ­Corsair aerial vehicle has a and is expected to be completed In February 2018 US Air payloads, and a single ground ­take-off weight of 200kg. by 2024. ­National Guard/Air Force control station. The 3D-Audio and Active ­Reserve awarded Terma Noise Reduction system was North America a USDM 44.3 initially fielded in 2009 on ­indefinite-delivery/indefinite- ­Royal Danish Air Force F-16s quantity contract for a 3D-Audio and has been combat proven. ­System for their F-16 aircraft.

Order for Carl-Gustaf Ammunition Saab has received an order for The industry’s nature is such ammunition for the Carl-Gustaf that depending on circumstances man-portable weapon system. concerning the product and The order value is approxi­ customer, further information The Corsair aerial vehicle has a take-off weight of 200kg. mately 500 MSEK and deliveries regarding the customer will not Photo: Alexander Utkin will take place in 2019-2020. be announced.

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 21 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE Patria to maintain the Norwegian Mobile Ground Based Air Defence Police helicopters to the Norwegian Army Patria has signed an agreement in Norway.­ Patria and the Kongsberg Defence & Aero- The Army Mobile Ground with Leonardo Helicopters for ­Norwegian Defence Logistics space AS has signed a contract­ Based Air Defence System is the maintenance, repair and Organisation (NDLO) signed with the Norwegian Defence a highly mobile, short-range overhaul of the Norwegian Po- an agreement in 2017 on the Materiel Agency worth 583 air defence system that will lice’s new AW169 helicopters. ­support of the Norwegian De- MNOK to deliver Mobile ­reuse key capabilities from the The work will take place in fence Forces NH90 helicopters’ Ground Based Air Defence to NASAMS system to include ­Gardermoen, Oslo Airport, and maintenance in Bardufoss. the Norwegian Army. its command and control and the agreement covers 10 years. Patria has also already been The Army Mobile Ground unique network solutions. Patria is already a ­partner maintaining the Swedish Police Based Air Defence System was In addition to elements from in helicopter maintenance helicopters since 1964. first presented by the Defence the NASAMS, this highly mobile Minster in February 2017 as a air defence system includes the direct acquisition process with IRIS-T missile from Diehl De- Black Hawk helicopters KONGSBERG. fence GmbH and a ­radar from Weibel Scientific A/S. for ­Lithuania The Lithuanian Defence The procurement decision­ ­Ministry has decided to acquire was made in light of the fact that six new US-made UH-60M the Mi-8 helicopters are nearing Black Hawk utility helicopters the end of their ­operational life. to replace the soviet-made Mi-8 Moreover, the constant and high helicopter fleet. maintenance of the fleet has Lithuania intends to use the worked in favour of the move to new helicopters for search and purchase new helicopters. rescue operations. Based on projected time- The utility helicopters will lines, the Lithuanian Armed also be deployed to support the Forces will receive the first Lithuanian Armed Forces and ­UH-60M by the end of 2024. the Nato enhanced Forward The estimated value of the deal Presence Battalion Battle Group is 300m Euro. Sketch (no 3D model) illustrating the concept of the Mobile Ground Based Air Defence to the Norwegian Army in the country.

NFM Group relocates to new and the official ­opening was mour plates products and simi- done by Hanne Opedan, mayor lar. Moreover, parts of the NFM head office of the Ski ­municipality. Group production have been The NFM Group has since its its new 3500 m2 (37600 square Besides the office part,moved home to Norway, in new formation some 20 years ago feet) headquarters at Ski, some 12 the new HQ houses test and ­production facilities adjacent to grown to a company with more miles south of downtown Oslo. ­development facilities com- the new head office. In addition than 700 MNOK or 70 MEUR Guests came from all over prising among other things a to production in Norway, the in revenues for 2018. This au- the country and abroad to ­separate indoor firing range for NFM Group has production sites tumn, the company opened ­attend the initiating ceremony, testing of the company’s body ar- in Poland and the Ukraine.

The new head office of the NFM Group. The new production facilities are shown to the right in the picture. Photo: MilitærTeknikk

22 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE KONGSBERG awarded Framework Agreement with NASAMS air defence contract the Norwegian Armed Forces worth 5,6 Billion NOK Nammo has signed a four- in peace, crisis and conflict. year framework agreement ­Nammo is a business we have a Kongsberg Defence & Aero- of the new AMRAAM-Extended with the Norwegian Defence long-standing cooperation with space AS has been awarded a Range missile to be delivered by ­Logistics Organization (NDLO) and they are a trusted partner­ contract by Raytheon worth 5,6 Raytheon. Qatar thus becomes for ammunition­ deliveries to for the Norwegian Armed Billion NOK for the delivery of the first AMRAAM-ER customer the Norwegian Armed Forces. ­Forces. Today’s framework the National Advanced Surface- in the world. Worth more than NOK 1.7 agreement with Nammo takes to-Air Missile System (NA- “This contract is important ­billion, the agreement will us a long step forward in terms SAMS). Raytheon is the prime and will involve approximately ­support Norway’s efforts to of preparedness, readiness and contractor for the delivery of 150 Norwegian subcontractors ­improve its levels of training operational effect,” said Jansen. NASAMS to the State of Qatar. and represent 4000 Norwegian and operational readiness. Nammo and NDLO NASAMS is the world’s most man-labour years. NASAMS` Petter Jansen, CEO of the also signed a letter of intent widely used air defense system modularity and open architec- Norwegian Defence Logistics to pursue­ a second agree- in its class. KONGSBERG, in ture enable a continuous in- Organisation, expressed his ment within the scope of the collaboration with Raytheon, troduction of new technology ­satisfaction with the agreement. framework agreement,­ which has previously won NASAMS ensuring that the system can be “Strategic partnerships with will detail­ Nammo’s role in contracts with 10 nations, adapted to new threats and mis- solid industrial enterprises is a pre­ serving­ Norway’s national where Qatar now becomes the sions throughout its lifetime”, cornerstone of our approach to security of supply. 11th user of the system. The says Eirik Lie, President Kongs- military logistics and supplies contract includes qualification berg Defence & Aerospace AS.

CROWS contract mon Remote Weapon Stations Successful first landing by (CROWS) for their soldiers. The ­passenger aircraft using worth 48 MUSD order was valued at 48 MUSD. September 18th, it was an- Since 2007, KONGSBERG Remote Towers in the Arctic nounced that US Army placed has delivered more than 16 000 Aviation history was made that the new technology has yet another order with KONGS- Remote Weapon Station sys- when the Remote Tower Cen- been successfully used within BERG for delivery of Com- tems to the US Army, providing tre in Bodø, Norway went “live” a regular commercial air traffic soldiers in all services within US on the 19th of October. The service with passengers. The Department of Defense lethality ­Remote Tower Centre success- remote towers technology is an solution in a protected environ- fully guided its first commercial important capability enabling a ment in missions and opera- passenger flight to the Arctic sustainable aviation service in tions all over the world. airport of Røst in Norway. the rural areas of Norway, many Production and support of The Remote Towers project­ of which are in the Arctic. The the CROWS will continue in in Norway is a collaboration Remote Towers technology is CROWS Photo: Kongsberg KONGSBERGs production fa- ­between the airport and air also dimensioned for large air- cilities in Johnstown, Pa. ­navigation service provider ports. When fully rolled out Avinor and the technology the Remote Towers will ensure ­companies Kongsberg Defence more cost-effective airport ope­ Framework Agreement for AT4 & Aerospace and Indra. rations and better accessibility and Carl-Gustaf Ammunition -After many years of plan- to regional airports, says Avinor ning, developing and testing CEO, Mr. Dag Falk-Petersen. Saab has signed a multi-year 771 million) was released at the it is a pleasure to announce framework agreement with the signing of the agreement. U.S. Government, which allows Both Saab’s AT4 and Carl- the U.S. Army, U.S. Marines and Gustaf (designated MAAWS in U.S. Special Forces to place or- the U.S.) have long track re- ders for up to USD 445 million cords in the U.S. Since 1987, (approximately SEK 4.2 billion) Saab has delivered more than during a five-year period. 600,000 AT4s, both directly The recently signed frame- and under license, to U.S. forc- work agreement allows the es. The Carl-Gustaf system has customer to place orders for been a program of record in the Saab’s AT4 disposable weapon U.S. since 2013 and in 2018 it system and ammunition for was announced that U.S. Army the Carl-Gustaf recoilless rifle. will acquire the latest version of Parallel to rolling out the new technology, Avinor is also currently building the A first purchase order of USD the system – the Carl-Gustaf M4 World’s largest Remote Tower Centre in Bodø, Norway which is due to open in the 83 million (approximately SEK (designated M3E1 in the U.S.). second half of 2020. This will accommodate 15 airports by 2022. Ill. Kongsberg

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 23 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

New combat system Milrem LCM will maintain for ­submarines ­Estonian Defense Forces’ new At the 7th International Sub­ requirements and to ensure automatic firearms marine Conference SubCon that they always have the most 2019 kta naval systems, a joint recent available techno­logy on Estonian defence company Milrem LCM is a subsidiary venture of thyssenkrupp Marine board; no matter if in 10, 20 or Milrem LCM will maintain the of Patria Group and a part of its Systems and Kongsberg, pre- 30 years. new automatic firearms for the International Support Partner- sented its new combat system The system shows this kind Estonian Defence Forces (EDF) ships business unit. Patria owns for non-nuclear submarines. of flexibility already at instal- ­under the contract signed on 60% of Milrem LCM and 40% The system called ORCCA lation: Subsystems from the 1 July 2019 by the Estonian is owned by Mootor Grupp. combines for the first-time­respective customer countries ­Centre for Defence Investments ­Milrem LCM provides services maximum adaptability with can easily be integrated. In ad- and the US arms manu­ ­facturer for the defence and security the highest level of IT security. dition, the system can be used LMT Defense (Lewis Machine ­sector offering life cycle support It enables its operator to con- for all submarine classes of and Tool Company). The services for heavy and armored duct an integrated data analysis thyssenkrupp Marine Systems ­volume of the contract is EUR vehicles, weapon systems­ and from a wide range of systems on – whether newly built or retro- 75 million. The size of the first other military equipment. board via one multifunctional fitted. purchase is 16,000 firearms. The company provides main­ console – for a sound and quick ORCCA enables its opera- Milrem LCM is the official tenance and repair works for decision-making process. tors to interact as part of a unit ­partner of LMT to manage the the ­Estonian Defence Forces’ Kathrin Rohloff, CEO of kta in multinational missions like life cycle of rifles in Estonia. XA-180, XA-188 and CV90 as naval systems: “ORCCA is the NATO or EU missions. The well as other military vehicles in most modern combat system for communication between the Tallinn, Võru and Tapa. non-nuclear submarines on the systems on board and to the market. We brought together­ national and in addition to the the expertise of our colleagues international domain modules Remote Weapon Station on at ATLAS ELEKTRONIK and is separated by a special IT Kongsberg Defense & Aero- ­infrastructure. ORCCA guaran- ­Unmanned Ground Vehicle space to create a unique combat tees high speed and maximum KONGSBERG presents ground- .50 caliber machine gun were system. We will equip all future security across the various com- breaking RWS capabilities on fired, remotely and wireless, submarines from thyssenkrupp munication channels. an Unmanned Ground Vehicle from a PROTECTOR Common with this highly integrated In June this year, KONGSBERG Remotely Operated Weapon system.”­ proved their innovative capa­ Station (CROWS). Video from The modular design ­enables bilities by firing a remotely the missile and RWS, as well as the integration of new techno­ controlled Raytheon/Lockheed control and firing signals was logies and the adaptation to Martin Javelin missile from a transferred on a secure circuit changing deployment ­scenarios PROTECTOR Remote ­Weapon over radio. throughout the lifetime of Station on an Unmanned This was also the first com- the system. Customers can Ground Vehicle. The event took bined Javelin and M230LF ­constantly advance their combat­ place at Redstone Test Center, 30mm Cannon firing from system onboard to adapt to new Ill. Kongsberg Alabama, USA. a single­ RWS, as the event A TITAN Unmanned Ground also featured­ the Northrup Vehicle (UGV), featuring­ Qin- Grumman M230LF (30mm Multimillion-euro etiQ UGV control technology­ X 113mm) cannon. The on a Milrem Robotics­ THeMIS ­KONGSBERG LW30 RWS was order from ­Hungary mobility platform was used in mounted on an Oshkosh Joint Rheinmetall is taking on an ery begins in 2021 and will be the demonstration. Javelin and Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV). important role in the moderni­ ­completed in 2025. zation of the Hungarian Army, Rheinmetall has partnered producing the main armament with Krauss-Maffei Wegmann and fire control technology(KMW) to carry out the project.­ for forty-four Leopard 2 main In December 2018 KMW won battle tanks as well as the main an order from the Hungarian ­armament, fire control techno­ armed forces for forty-four new logy and chassis for twenty- Leopard 2A7+ tanks and 24 four PzH 2000 self-propelled new PzH 2000 self-propelled ­howitzers. The package also en- ­howitzers. This will make compasses thirteen HX and TGS ­Hungary the 19th Leopard logistic trucks. The ­contract, 2 user nation and the eighth worth around 300 million Euro, ­nation to opt for the PzH2000. was recently signed. Deliv- Photo: Kongsberg

24 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

SES Group acquires Ritek JSM contract with Japan The Swedish-owned integra- “The acquisition of Ritek Kongsberg Defence & Aero- valued 450 MNOK. The JSM tion company System Engineer- is an important step for SES space has entered into a is a 5th generation stealth air- ing Solution (SES) acquires the Group in our efforts to further ­follow-on contract with Japan to surface missile that can be Norwegian industrial company develop the support and co­ to supply the JSM (Joint Strike ­carried internally in the F-35 Ritek. This makes Ritek a part operation with the total defence Missile) for their fleet of F-35 thus ensuring the aircraft’s of SES Group with operations in sector in the Nordic countries fighter aircraft. The contract is low-signature­ capabilities. Sweden, Finland and ­Norway. and beyond” says President and The SES Group is working on CEO of SES, Christer Kjellkvist. the development and de­livery of “By having business in both Patria AMV chosen high-tech integration solutions­ Norway, Sweden and Finland, required by the civilian­ and we can strengthen the industrial to be tested in Japan military part of the total defence dimension of the Nordic de- Patria’s armoured modular ve- from Patria for the tests. Two sector. fence cooperation by leveraging­ hicle AMVXP has been chosen other companies have also been Ritek was originally a Nor- capacity and competence in to a one-year field testing in selected to deliver their vehicles wegian military workshop, and the three countries in a holistic Japan after a competitive bid- to the tests. The final selection was in 2003 taken over, de­ manner.” ding. The Japanese Ministry of is to be expected after the trials. veloped and operated by the SES is a privately owned Defence will buy two vehicles employees. Ritek has devel- industrial business group that oped a broad portfolio of ser- works closely with a wide range vices delivered to Norwegian of international companies in and international civilian and the total defence domain. A military customers. Ritek was key element of SES Group is a key ­Norwegian partner when the strategic cooperation they BAE Systems Hägglunds AB de- have with the defence and veloped and built the new fleet ­security forces in the respective of CV 9030 for the Norwegian ­countries, which now will be Army. Ritek currently has 40 implemented in Norway. employees in various areas of competence. Photo: Patria

Nammo Announces New ­Investments and Launch of ­Consolidated Defense Manu­facturing Company in the US In an effort to meet evolving by the middle of 2021, this will that will deliver effects at ranges more effectively than we do US requirements, Nammo has support the delivery of crucial ­several times greater than what ­today, and that is why we are ­decided to increase its infra- components for new US Army is ­possible today. very pleased to be launching structure investments in the long-range artillery shells, as ­Nammo Defense Systems,” said United States, and to replace well as other current and future Building a New, Stron- Mr. Brandtzæg. its current US organization products for the US market. ger Nammo in the US The new company will of several smaller units with “The US Army lists long- Just 12 years after acquiring its be headquartered in Mesa, a new, consolidated defense range precision fires as their first US facility, Nammo today ­Arizona, and will combine manu­facturing company called number one priority, and we are operates manufacturing facili- all the assets­ of Nammo’s ­Nammo Defense Systems. helping deliver on that require- ties across five states, employ- current­ defense manufacturing­ “Our goal is to become ment,” said Brandtzæg. “These ing more than 600 people. ­operations in the US, including­ one of the main providers are real, concrete solutions that These facilities however oper- Nammo ­Talley in Arizona and of advanced­ munitions and are ready here and now, and ate across six independent legal Mississippi, Nammo Compos- propulsion­ technologies for that will help deliver a truly re- units, a structure CEO Morten ite Solutions in Utah, Nammo the US Government, and this liable advantage to US forces.” Brandtzæg believes needs to ­Pocal in Pennsylvania, and investment is just one of many The upgraded facilities in change if Nammo is to continue Nammo Energetics­ Indian examples of what we are doing­ Mesa will deliver base bleed to grow in the US. Head in Maryland. The process to turn that vision a reality,” and rocket assist units that “We need to make sure we started on October 14 when said Morten Brandtzæg, CEO of will support cost-effective and are spending as much time as Nammo Talley was renamed­ Nammo. ­accurate artillery fires at ranges possible on our customers, and Nammo Defense ­Systems, and The new investments in- of more than 40 and 70 km re- only what is needed on internal it will be concluded­ in January cludes nearly $20 million in spectively. These components management. I believe having 2020 when the new company new tools and equipment for are part of Nammo’s portfolio one stronger company rather will ­acquire the remaining sub­ Nammo’s facilities in Mesa, Ari- of range extension technolo- than several smaller ones al- sidiaries from Nammo’s US zona. Scheduled for completion gies for ­artillery and missiles lows to serve the US market holding company, Nammo Inc.

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 25 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE Saab announces new camouflage Saab has developed a new type by masking and disrupting their of camouflage called ARCASe thermal signature to blend in (Advanced Reversible Camou- with the background. flage Screen emissive), with the “Saab has a long and dis- first briefing on the new pro­ tinguished history in develop- duct at the annual Barracuda ment of camouflage systems. User Group at DSEI, London. The ARCASe­ is our best cam- The ARCASe offers true ouflage for use in broken terrain multispectral protection and and is a valuable addition to our gives the user complete pro­ broad camouflage portfolio,” tection, even in changeable says ­Görgen Johansson, Head environments. ARCASe is the of Saab business area Dynamics. first reversible thermal pattern Saab’s camouflage technology­ camouflage system from Saab. It products have been exported to protects vehicles or other ­assets more than 50 countries. F-39 is the Brazilian Air Force designation for Gripen. Photo: Saab

First Brazilian Gripen E ­Completes its First Flight Saab has completed a successful in Linköping, Sweden, on 10 first flight with the first Brazil- ­September, the first Brazilian The ARCASe’s visible pattern is reversible which means it has different colours ian Gripen E fighter aircraft, Gripen E aircraft was de­livered on each side allowing the user to choose which is most effective without compris- 39-6001. At 2.41 pm CET on to start the flight test pro- ing the thermal protection. Photo: Saab August 26, the Gripen E air- gramme. craft took off on its maiden Initially flight tests will be Test Firings of Guided Carl-Gustaf flight flown by Saab test pilot performed in Sweden and by Richard Ljungberg. The aircraft the end of 2020, the aircraft Munition operated from Saab´s airfield in will move to Brazil to continue Saab and Raytheon have other countries. The guided Linköping, Sweden. the flight test campaign in the successfully­ completed a series­ munition will allow Armed The duration of the flight country. In 2021, deliveries of guided flight tests for the Forces to accurately engage was 65 minutes and included to the Brazilian Air force will shoulder launched Guided ­stationary or moving targets up test points to verify basic han- begin.­ Carl-Gustaf® Munition, featur- to, and beyond 2,000 meters. dling and flying qualities at dif- The partnership with Brazil ing a semi-active laser guidance The increased range, in combi- ferent altitudes and speeds. The started in 2014 with the contract system. The tests were per- nation with a Confined Space main purpose was to verify that (order value 39.3 BSEK) for the formed at the Mile High Range capability will offer troops the aircraft behavior was ac- development and production of in Sierra Blanca, Texas, United greater tactical flexibility when cording to expectations. 36 Gripen E/F for the Brazilian States and at Saab Bofors Test selecting a firing position. This aircraft is the first Air Force, including related sys- Centre in Karlskoga, Sweden. ­Brazilian production aircraft tems, support and equipment. The test firings in Sweden and will be used in the joint test Saab is driving the develop- that were performed during program as a test aircraft. The ment of the local aeronautics September 25-26, 2019 was main differences compared to industry through its ­national in the presence of an interna- the previous test aircraft are that partners in the Brazilian Gripen tional audience. Three muni- 39-6001 has a totally new cock- programme, which includes a tions were fired in total; two pit layout, with a large Wide comprehensive transfer of tech- against static targets and one Area Display (WAD), two small nology programme to Brazil, to against a moving target. A semi- Head Down Displays (sHDD) be delivered over approximately active laser was used to guide and a new Head Up Display ten years. the munitions to target impact. (HUD). Another major differ- The Brazilian Gripen E/F Other seeker technologies (e.g. ence is an updated flight ­control aircraft are developed and pro- imaging IR) were also demon- system with updated control duced with the participation of strated as optional solutions for laws for Gripen E. It also in- Brazilian technicians and engi- the ­final product. The demon­ cludes modifications both in neers. This integration is part stration in Sweden further in- hardware and software. of the transfer of technology cluded dynamic warhead tests and aims to provide practical against various targets. First Gripen E to Brazil knowledge necessary for the ex- Saab’s Carl-Gustaf ­weapon Saab has taken another im- ecution of these same activities system is used by the U.S. portant step in the delivery of in Brazil. Starting in 2021, the Armed Forces as well as the Gripen E to the Brazilian cus- complete aircraft assembly of 15 ground forces of more than 40 Photo: Saab tomer. Marked by a ceremony aircraft will begin in Brazil.

26 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE Secure communications solutions and form DICOM Rohde & Schwarz and MESIT enhance the trusted, interoper- initially focus on the new SOVE- (Vimperk) and R&D (Uherské­ established a new joint venture able SOVERON communica- RON lightweight handheld soft- Hradište),” explains Pavel to further develop the SOVER- tions system. SOVERON stands ware defined radio (SDR) with Šalanda, Managing Director at ON product portfolio for secure for fully integrated, high-per- networking and multiband ca- DICOM. armed forces communications. formance and scalable trusted pability in the UHF/VHF fre- “MESIT and Rohde & DICOM will initially focus communications solutions for quency range. Schwarz have already co-­ on the new SOVERON light- all branches of the armed forces. “We are delighted with this operated in the past. Now we weight handheld software-de- SOVERON strengthens custom- joint investment. The creation are taking the next logical step fined radio (SDR) with network- ers digital sovereignty and gives of DICOM allows both partner by joining forces in R&D to ing and multiband capability in them the greatest possible inde- companies to accelerate the take full advantage of our joint the UHF/VHF frequency range. pendence from manufacturers. development­ and production­ capacities. Together we will (Image: Rohde & Schwarz) The JV is named DICOM, of the SOVERON product port- be able to successfully address Rohde & Schwarz and s.r.o. and has commercial op- folio. With this JV, the Czech new markets,” adds Igor Gerek, MESIT have established a new erations in Uherské Hradište Republic becomes the fourth Managing Director at DICOM joint venture (JV) with MESIT in the Czech Republic. DICOM country in which Rohde & and Deputy Charmain of the as the majority shareholder. The will perform advanced research Schwarz is represented in sales, Board at MESIT. strategic purpose is to further and development (R&D). It will service (Prague), manu­facturing

The last Sea King 2020 delivered

Towards the end of August a total­ rehabilitation and up- The Norwegian sea rescue ­helicopters, pending the ­arrival this year, the last Sea King grade. ­services have during recent and operational­ preparation 2020 Search and Rescue The upgrade contract was years been operating a total for the new Leonardo 101 ­helicopter was handed over to signed by Leonardo Indus- of 12 Sea King helicopters,­ (AW101) helicopters.­ Norway the ­Norwegian Air Force. All tries in January­ of 2014, and and the oldest Sea Kings are is in the middle of a process to in all, seven Norwegian search ­Kongsberg Aviation Main­ ­coming up to 50 years of age. procure a fleet of 16 ­Leonardo and rescue helicopters of the tenance Services was contracted The ­upgrades have been made 101 helicopters­ for the sea Sea King type have undergone to perform the modifications. to prolong the lifespan­ of these rescue­ services.

Old helicopters get a full makeover. Even though the Sea King helicopter is getting on in years, it looks almost like a new machine fresh from the finished upgrade. Photo: MilitærTeknikk­

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 27 GLSDB

TEST FIRING OF ­GROUND-LAUNCHED SMALL ­DIAMETER BOMB Saab has together with Boeing conducted a successful can reach a range of up to 150km and is ­long-range test firing of the Ground-Launched Small Diameter accurate to strike targets within 1m. It has the ability to hit moving targets under all Bomb (GLSDB) in Norway. weather conditions both during the day and at night, with low collateral damage. he test firing took place at the So the two main components­ of the GLDBD The inertial navigation system­ Andøya Test Center in Andenes, are both combat proven. (INS) / global positioning system (GPS) TNorway, September 26, 2019. The The bomb is fitted with two ­foldable provides guidance, navigation and ­position objective of the test firing was to hit a pre- wings and four tail fins. The ­wingspan is data for the bomb. The ­guidance section determined target in the sea, 130 km away 1.6m when unfolded. also comprises a GPS receiver with anti- from the launcher. The launcher used in jamming capability, selective­ availability the test firing was a custom made, fully Design and features and an anti-spoofing ­module (­SAASM) and autonomous, 20-foot container. After a The GLSDB offers high lethality, increased an Advanced Core ­Processor Two (ACP 14-minute flight, the bomb hit the ­target range and high manoeuvrability. It has the 2) module. It has terrain avoidance,­ cave within a circle of 1.5 m diameter. The ability to defeat soft and hard skin threats. breaching and reverse­ slope engagement ­impact angle was 70 degrees. Launched from the ground, the GLSDB capabilities. “In collaboration with Boeing, we have developed a highly competent system that offers high precision at long range at an affordable cost. We see a lot of ­potential in the GLSDB, since it provides armed forces around the world with a long range artillery capability, for which there is a great demand”, says Görgen Johansson, Head of Saab business area Dynamics.

GLSDB The GLSDB combines the capa­bilities of the GBU-39/B Small Diameter Bomb (SDB) and the M26 rocket motor. The Boeing ­GBU-39/B bomb was originally­ designed­ for aircraft launch. The M26 rocket motor­ was developed for the M270A multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) manu­ factured­ by When reaching the peak altitude of the trajectory, the M26 rocket motor is ejected from the GBU-39/B bomb. The wings of the bomb unfold and the bomb continues a GPS guided gliding towards the target. Ill. Saab Lockheed ­Martin and Diehl BGT Defence.

SPECIFICATIONS

Total length of 3.91m Diameter of 24cm Total weight: approximately 272kg Warhead weight: 16 kg

Saab and Boeing present the GLSDB as an affordable, long range precision solution. Photo: Saab/Boeing

28 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 BRITAIN IN THE ARCTIC BRITAIN AND THE HIGH NORTH and air-strike-centric force today, such The Arctic is not normally an area high on the agenda for is the considerable public hue and cry defence planners in the United Kingdom. More important, surrounding the entry into service of the since the end of the Cold War, have been considerations of Queen Elizabeth class aircraft carriers expeditionary warfare in much hotter climates, of counter- and their accompanying escort groups. However, the service had a reputation insurgency, asymmetric and hybrid warfare, of low-intensity throughout the Cold War – one developed conflict. Which is understandable, to a degree – we have an at great cost and jealously guarded – for honourable tradition of preparing to win the last war faster, anti-submarine warfare, particularly in better, cheaper, rather than preparing for the next. After all, the frigid waters of the North, Norwegian and sometimes the Barents Seas. That the Cold War is over, isn’t it? expertise needs to be revived, nurtured and nourished – sooner rather than later. By Morgan Douro is revealing not just for what it says but Much has been written about for the broad community­ of observers­ British submarine programmes and the he answer – as is the case with from whom it heard ­evidence. Readers of enormous sums of money being devoted ­answers to most questions of ­MilitaerTeknikk need no ­education when it to the Astute and Dreadnought classes. In T­defence policy – is neither yes nor comes to the threats posed by an ­aggressive terms of assuring the defence of critical no – but both. That is not an attempt to and ­resurgent Russia­ – but it is worth sea lanes of communications, however, avoid answering a complex question, but ­reflecting on what they mean as a func- Britain and its allies need to devote an observation that the question has no tion of the effect they may have on British significantly greater attention to securing simple answer. The British parliament defence­ policy. the Greenland-Iceland-UK or GIUK Gap ­certainly believes that to be the case. Last One of the main issues of concern – a natural funnel through which Russian year, the House of Commons published is British naval policy. Observers could submarines must pass to be able to bring an ­analytical report entitled “On Thin be forgiven for believing that the Royal their influence to bear in the Atlantic and Ice: UK Defence in the Arctic,” which Navy is essentially a power projection beyond. In order to control the situation

UK involvement in the Arctic and the High North will not be unilateral and will in all likelihood be conducted in joint operations with NATO allies. In the photo, Royal Marines are instructing a US Marine how to get up from the water safely during an ice breaking drill. The drill was a part of exercise Cold Response 2016 in Finnmark, the very northerly county in Norway. Photo: Ina Nyås Moe/FMS

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 29 BRITAIN IN THE ARCTIC

Arctic Challenge Exercise 2015. A British Tornado GR-4 from Royal Air Force takes off from Bodø Main Air Station. Photo: Torbjørn Kjosvold/FMS

in the GIUK Gap, military theorists between Norway and the UK has been a occupied by the Arctic has changed over believe a minimum of eight top-of-the- long a generally quite close one for the last the last two decades or so – and is poised range nuclear hunter-killer submarines 70 years and more, as evidenced by the to change even more dramatically over the (SSNs) are required. On a good day, the very complete and supportive evidence the next several. Royal Navy might be able to muster six. Royal Norwegian Embassy submitted to the First are the climatological Which – faced with a situation in which House of Commons Defence Committee. issues. The polar ice cap is warming at Russian submarine activity in the Arctic in Although Oslo does not characterise approximately twice the rate of anywhere 2017 approached then exceeded levels not Russia as a direct threat, the Embassy else on Earth and the general consensus seen since the height of the Soviet Navy’s was quite robust in outlining Norway’s is that the Arctic Ocean is transitioning to confrontation with NATO – is more than security concerns. “The most significant being seasonally ice-free. There is a body a pity. change in Norway’s security environment of evidence to substantiate concerns that It is not necessarily a disaster, over the last decade is Russia’s growing the Arctic could be ice-free in the summer however. Britain is part of the greatest military capability, more assertive foreign months by 2050 – and some observers put alliance the region has ever seen and policy and its use of force. Russia has the timeline as being shorter by a decade submarines from many other nations – modernised its weapons, strengthened the – or two! including the Nordic nations – stand ready Northern Fleet and revitalized the bastion Second, political views of the to shoulder a share of the burden. And that, concept to protect its nuclear submarines Arctic region have changed dramatically, in summary, is one of the key messages located at the Kola Peninsula. NATO, and driven in part by renewed concerns over of the House of Commons’ report: that Norway as the guardian of the Alliance’s sovereignty issues, in part by a need to London needs seriously to better manage northern flank, must address Russia’s new assert independence and in part by an and direct its bilateral and multilateral strategic capabilities and increased military aspiration to lay claim to a portion of the arrangements in the region. Against a activity in the maritime domain. Norway abundant mineral and natural resources powerfully aggressive threat – one that has is especially concerned about the freedom to which the region plays host. One of consistently shown how prepared it is to of manoeuvre in the Norwegian Sea, North the results of that has been the emergence resort to conflict in the economic, political Sea and the Greenland-Iceland-UK gap in of a number of additional nations with and cyber domains as well as the use of the event of a crisis,” the written evidence Arctic ambitions, some of which are more actual force to achieve its ends – only a said in part. obvious than others. India, for example, combined, consistent common front will The situation is, of course, not easily now claims to be an Arctic power! deter and defend. reduced to simple ‘yes or no’ scenarios: very In 2013 India, China, Japan, Norway has long been considered few of the strategic questions that affect Singapore and South Korea were admitted the guardian of NATO’s northern flank security can be so easily answered. And to the Arctic Council as observers. In this and its defence policy takes significant the situation is further complicated by the respect it is instructive to reflect on the inspiration from this fact. The relationship fact that the entire geo-strategic position fact that China will commission its second

30 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 BRITAIN IN THE ARCTIC

large nuclear-powered icebreaker in 2019. seen by Moscow as a threat to the nation Which is why the House of Add to that the firm belief that some China – not simply a military threat – and thus Commons report comes at a particularly watchers have – largely from the ‘hawk’ to be dealt with quickly, effectively and interesting and vital moment. As Britain community, it must be admitted – that ruthlessly. Fundamentally, this is one of re-evaluates its relationship with the rest China is well on the way to developing the primary political motivations behind of Europe (and who, at the time of writing Arctic submarine operational doctrine Russian reassertion of its political clout: to in mid-March, would dare to predict the – and the equipment with which to complain about NATO defensive missile end result of the Brexit process in just successfully conduct it – and there emerges networks and NATO expansion, to engage two weeks’ time?) it is also looking at a picture far from pretty. Nightmare in deliberately disruptive air and maritime the security environment surrounding scenarios all too quickly become more incursions and to mount the largest it. “The leadership which the UK has plausible if the logical train of thought is combined arms exercise the wider region previously shown in the defence of the followed. What would Russian reaction be has seen in a generation – all these are what region should be reinstated, and the new if it felt itself hemmed in along its northern Moscow regards as perfectly legitimate priority which NATO has given to the coastline by hostile forces to east and west, responses to unwanted “aggression” by North Atlantic should be accompanied blocking its only two methods of egress to NATO. by a renewed focus of the source of the the world’s oceans? Does such a prospect In fairness, it must be recognised threat in the High North,” the report mean that the nuclear threshold is subject that the threat is not simply about states, and concludes “If the definition of to re-examination? Russia. In some senses, the threat stems a leading defence nation is one which has Looked at from a Russian from Humanity itself, since some of the the ability to deploy a range of capabilities standpoint, that is not quite such a profound changes affecting the region anywhere in the world, then this includes ridiculous question as it might at first – climate change being only the most the unique operating environment of the seem. The Arctic is fundamental to the obvious – are the direct and indirect results Arctic and the High North. Being able to health of the Russian economy: 80% of of human activity on the global scale. So do so is ultimately a question of resource Russian gas, for example, depends on free the situation is complex and convoluted, and a question of ambition, and we call access to the Arctic, as does somewhere making the potential for missteps and upon the government to show leadership between 12 and 15% of the nation’s GDP. miscalculations by sovereign governments in providing both.” Anything to disrupt the finely balanced or – increasingly – non-state actors, quite We can but hope that somebody in political interplay in the region will be frightening. Whitehall is listening.

EUROSAM YOUR PARTNER TO DELIVER STATE OF THE ART EXTENDED AIR DEFENSE SOLUTIONS

www.eurosam.com

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 31 F-35

COUNTERMEASURE TESTING WITH THE F-35 The TTT Squadron (tactics, test and training) at the and evaluation (OT&E) of the F-35. The testing involved several goals. 132 Air Wing has conducted testing of countermeasures These included making technical and for the F-35. The testing was done in co-operation with operational personnel familiar with the Defence Electronic Warfare Centre (Forsvarets the different types of countermeasures elektroniske krigføringssenter, FEKS), the Defence Research with which the F-35 can be equipped. Furthermore, the testing sought to de- Establishment (FFI) and Base Defence (Baseforsvar). termine the effectiveness of the various measures. he countermeasures being test- are used not only by fighter aircraft, but Finalising the countermeasure ed were incendiary devices or also by military helicopters and trans- testing of the countermeasures T“flares”. A flare is a heat source port aircraft. was another important step in the that can be fired from the aircraft to The testing was conducted as a introduction of the F-35 into the Air misguide a heat-seeking missile. Flares part of the on-going operational testing­ Force.

Administration/Administrasjon: Editorial Office/Redaksjon: Subscriptions/ Castra AS Tel.(+47) 901 83 211 Abonnementservice: ISSN 0806–6159 Org.nr. NO 971 161 531 MVA Tel.(+47) 901 83 211 Publisher/Utgiver: Advertising Office/Annonser: Norsk Militærteknisk Forlag Editor-in-Chief/Ansvarlig redaktør: Krokliveien 66, N-0584 OSLO Design/layout & print: Krokliveien 66, N-0584 OSLO M.Sc./Siv.ing. Bjørn Domaas Josefsen Tel.(+47) 901 83 211 X-IDE - www.xide.no E-mail: [email protected]

32 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 4-5/2019 Giving your capability BLACK HORNET VRS the edge. The world’s smallest and lightest UAV reconnaissance system designed for autonomous operations from vehicles

Contribution to situational awareness Support for surfacing decision Proven ESM system combining the advantages of R-ESM and C-ESM FLIR continues to redefine what’s possible with a Learn more at saab.no complete, mission proven line of high definition EO/IR sensor options. Unmatched, multi-spectral HD imaging solutions, with ITAR free options, and world-class service and support. © thyssenkrupp Marine Systems LEARN MORE FLIR.COM/SURVEILLANCE

Saab_0249_Submarine_annons_210x297.indd 1 2019-01-11 08:47 MilitaerTeknikk_PrintAd_Sep2019.indd 1 9/12/19 2:57 PM Returadresse:

MilitærTeknikk, Krokliveien 66, 0584 Oslo Norway

Defense Solutions for a World of Missions

EAGLE DURO

M3 COBRA

gdels.com The Transatlantic Partner for Land Defense in Europe

20190701_210x245_MilTeknik_Sept.indd 1 01.07.19 12:12