ARCHIVES OF ACOUSTICS Copyright c 2018 by PAN – IPPT Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 545–577 (2018) DOI: 10.24425/123927

JOINT CONFERENCE – ACOUSTICS 2018 65th Open Seminar on Acoustics 35th Symposium on Hydroacoustics Polish-German Structured Conference on Acoustics Ustka, Poland, September 11 – 14, 2018

Abstracts Kasgen¨ Johannes, Matthias Michael Millitzer Jonathan, Perfetto Sara Low Noise Pavements in Germany: Division Smart Structures, Fraunhofer LBF Established Concepts and New Ideas Darmstadt, Germany Altreuther Beate, [email protected] Demands on the development of ship propulsion sys- Maennel Manuel, [email protected] tems are an increase of efficiency and its vibro-acoustic Mueller-BBM GmbH Planegg behaviour. The paper gives an overview of the develop- Munich, Germany ment methodology of active measures to reduce torsional and translational vibration of a ship propulsion system. Traffic noise, and road traffic noise in particular, is Based on experimental investigation of a ship, a numeri- a problem to be solved in densely populated regions world- cal model of the propulsion system is setup and updated wide. Tire-road noise is the main source for road traffic by experimental results. The simulation model includes noise and low-noise road surfaces are an effective mea- the rotational and translational vibration behaviour. The sure for its reduction. In Germany, most low-noise surfaces model structure follows an admittance-impedance descrip- are built in asphalt, giving a good acoustic performance tion that is most suitable for the design of active vibra- whereas their durability under heavy traffic is not optimal. tion control systems. Different concepts for reducing vi- Concrete, instead, is very durable and ideal for roads under bration are evaluated and compared numerically compared. heavy traffic, but there are only a few concepts of low noise The realized systems are characterized in a propulsion sys- concrete road types. In several research projects a number tem testing environment and eventually implemented in the of low-noise concrete road surface concepts have been in- real ship. Examples of realized measures as an inertial mass vestigated, including the optimization of standard road sur- actuator and an energy-harvesting absorber are presented. faces like exposed aggregate concrete or the postprocessing of concrete roads by diamond grinding. In addition, sev- ??? eral new surface types have been developed from a virtual design, taking into account the deeper understanding of Decibel Algebra in Acoustics tire-road noise generation: these concepts include specif- Batko Wojciech ically designed road surface textures, novel materials for Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics road construction such as ultrahigh performance concrete AGH University of Science and Technology or specially designed porous materials. Kraków, Poland The paper resumes the well-established low noise road surface concepts used in Germany and the outcomes of the ??? above-mentioned research projects. Digitally Controlled PA-Systems in Churches ??? Behler Gottfried, [email protected]aachen.de Active Vibration Reduction RWTH-Aachen University of Ship Propulsion Systems Aachen, Germany Bartel Torsten, [email protected] Room-acoustic conditions in churches, especially in old Herold Sven, Infante Francesco large churches protected as buildings of historic impor- 546 Archives of Acoustics – Volume 43, Number 3, 2018 tance, may not be a favourite for speech intelligibility. The Hopping Discrete Fourier Transform to Speed Therefore, speech enhancement systems are a requirement. Up Convergence of a Frequency-Domain Active A typical low cost solution is to install column loudspeaker Noise Control System systems with highly directed radiation. Unfortunately, the Bismor Dariusz, [email protected] directivity always points out perpendicularly from the cen- tre of the column, which in many applications leads to Institute of Automatic Control a tilting of the column. Moreover, a frequency independent Silesian University of Technology directivity becomes difficult to achieve and the overall re- Gliwice, Poland sponse in many cases is not satisfying. Frequency-domain least mean square (FDLMS) algo- To overcome these limitations a novel design with digi- rithm is a good alternative to traditional, time-domain pro- tally controlled loudspeaker columns is available since sev- cessing. It requires less computational demand and offers eral years and leads to a much better coverage. Due to a possibility to individually adjust the convergence speed the better steering of the sound distribution in space the of different frequency components. Moreover, it allows to number of loudspeakers can be reduced drastically thus re- shape the frequency response of an adaptive filter easily. ducing the interference with the preservation order. The classical implementation of the FDLMS uses a block In this paper, the result of three different PA system size of double the adaptive filter length to avoid the circu- designs will be discussed which were installed in the Cathe- lar effects. Considering that active noise control systems use dral of Cologne, the Cathedral of M¨unsterand a Baroque long adaptive filters, and that the update of the filter coef- Church in M¨unster. ficients is once per the block size, this implies the update is not performed very often and introduces an unwanted time ??? delay in the control path. However, it is possible to adjust the block size to values different than double the adaptive Ultrasonic Studies on Pickering Emulsion filter length. The negative aspect of this attitude is that the Formation Process growth of the computational demand. The use of real-time Bielas Rafał, [email protected] discrete Fourier transform algorithms allows to fight this Józefczak Arkadiusz negative effect. Rozynek Zbigniew ??? Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, Poland Feedback Loops in Models of the Auditory System Blauert Jens, [email protected] ??? Ruhr-Universit¨atBochum Acoustic Data Analysis for the Assessment Inst. f¨urKommunikationsakustik of Wood Boring Insects’ Activity Bochum, Germany Bilski Piotr1, [email protected] Current advanced models of the auditory system con- Krajewski Adam2, adam [email protected] sist of an intelligent network of signal-driven (bottom-up) Witomski Piotr2, piotr [email protected] and hypothesis-driven (top-down) algorithms. These sys- Bobiński Piotr1, [email protected] tems are built to identify and characterize auditory objects Lewandowski Marcin1, [email protected] and to interpret and understand auditory scenes. Among 1 Institute of Radioelectronics other things, this enables them to help plan and initiate and Multimedia Technology appropriate actions. Further, they are able to make judg- Warsaw University of Technology ments – for example, on the quality of experience in spaces Warszawa, Poland for musical performances. To achieve these goals, adequate 2 Department of Wood Science and Wood Protection feedback loops have to be considered, simulated, and im- Warsaw University of Life Sciences plemented. In this talk, the basic architecture of such an Warszawa, Poland advanced model is presented and some feedback loops that have already been realized and evaluated are described and The following paper presents the methodology for the discussed. acoustic analysis of the wood boring insects activity. Their ??? detection in the consumer wood has significant economic impact. The most important is the measurement of energy Comparison the Beamforming Method generated by the larvae feeding on the piece of wood. To de- with Standard Acoustics Measurements tect the candidate sounds, the moving narrow time window in Industrial Environment was implemented. The analysis was performed in the noisy Bogusławski Grzegorz, grzegorz.boguslawski@p.Łódź.pl environment, therefore the Support Vector Machine clas- Gralewski Jacek, jacek.gralewski@p.Łódź.pl sifier was used to distinguish between the larva-generated Kopania Joanna, joanna.kopania@p.Łódź.pl sounds and all other coming from the environment. Results show the usefulness of the approach to assess the larvae ac- Institute of Social Sciences and Management tivity based on the measurement of intensity and energy of of Technologies sounds generated by them. Faculty Committee on Teaching and Learning Łódź University of Technology ??? Łódź, Poland Chronicle – Joint Conference – ACOUSTICS 2018 547

Characterizing the source of noise from a machine is This study is a part of larger study which examines an important task for manufacturers of consumer goods. the thermophysical (acoustic, volumetric, conductometric, The main problem is often related to the industrial envi- refractometric and viscosimetric) properties of selected im- ronment, in which the noise level is results from many pro- idazolium ionic liquids in various molecular solvents. Den- duction processes occurring simultaneously. There are sev- sities and sound velocities of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium eral measurement methods for measuring the sound level of tetrafluoroborate in two different solvents, protic methanol acoustic source. The conducting research to develop noise and aprotic N,N-dimethylacetamide have been measured. controls for production process involves: 1) noise source The studies were conducted in dilute solutions at temper- identification; 2) development of noise controls; 3) evalua- atures ranging from (283.15 to 318.15) K and atmospheric tion of the developed noise controls. In this work the appli- pressure. Apparent molar volumes, apparent molar isen- cation of beamforming for identification of noise source on tropic compressibilities and their values at infinite dilution the production line for plastics processing is presented. The have been evaluated. These results have been discussed in performance of the proposed technique is also evaluate by terms of ion-solvent and ion-ion interactions. comparison with method based on ISO 3746: Acoustics – Determination of sound power levels and sound energy lev- ??? els of noise sources using sound pressure – Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting Quality Evaluation of Speech AAC plane. However, the microphone array technique is very and HE-AAC Coding fast and can use to acquire acoustic emission of the ma- Brachmański Stefan, [email protected] chine or all production line in standard work condition. Faculty of Electronics This method focuses on the microphone sensitivity what Wrocław University of Science and Technology allows avoid disturbance of surrounding environment other Wrocław, Poland machines. The paper presents the results of quality assessment of ??? speech signals transmitted via DAB+ system. The subjec- Design of Acoustic Chamber tive research was provided with the use of ACR procedure, for Loudspeakers Measurements according to the International Telecommunication Union recommendation, and the results have been presented as Bolejko Romuald, [email protected] the MOS values for various bit rates. The comparative anal- Dobrucki Andrzej, [email protected] ysis of the subjective assessment for speech encoded with Plaskota Przemysław, [email protected] AAC and HE-AAC techniques were presented. The subjec- Faculty of Electronics tive tests were carried out for the testing material prepared Wrocław University of Science and Technology for Polish speech. Wrocław, Poland The design of small anechoic chamber dedicated for ??? measurements of acoustical parameters of hi-fi loudspeaker The Analysis of Sound Propagation systems is presented in the paper. Sound insulation, noise in Opera Houses in the Context from technical equipment and acoustics of the room are of Stage Curtains Legs Arrangement discussed. The laboratory consists of three main rooms: anechoic chamber, control room and equipment room. The Brawata Krzysztof, [email protected] chamber of 140 m3 effective inner space with full anechoic Kamisiński Tadeusz, [email protected] condition from 100 Hz is planned as “box in box” construc- Department of Mechanics and Vibroacoustics tion. The acoustics of the measurement room allows for AGH University of Science and Technology loudspeaker measurements according to EN 60268-5 stan- Kraków, Poland dard. Sound absorption of acoustical wedges made from polyurethane foam and rockwool is also measured and com- Stage curtains legs are an inseparable element of the pared. The disadvantages of foam wedges are discussed. theatre stage, but it can appear in many forms and types The new idea of loudspeaker-microphone-walls setup that of construction. The basic function of the legs is the visual allows for measurement in the frequency range above 80 Hz separation of the backstage and off stage with a simulta- is proposed. This frequency lies below the chamber cut-off neous possibility for the actors to move around. However, frequency. The applied technical solutions of sound insula- due to their large size and location within the main stage tion are also discussed. action, the surfaces of the legs have a significant impact on the sound propagation in the room. Most often they ??? are made of textile materials stretched on the frame, which Volumetric and Acoustic Properties creates a sound-absorbing and reflective acoustic system. of Ionic Liquid [bmim][BF4] in Methanol The degree of sound absorption and the shape of these sur- and N,N-dimethylacetamide faces will determine the energy of the sound reflected and transmitted to the audience. The properly selected number Boruń Agnieszka, [email protected] of legs and the type of fabric also have a positive effect on Department of Physical Chemistry obtaining comparable acoustic conditions in the audience University of Łódź and stage. The article presents the analysis of the influence Łódź, Poland of the structure and shape of the stage curtain set layout on 548 Archives of Acoustics – Volume 43, Number 3, 2018 the distribution of the sound power parameter at the audi- acquisition, RF filter, quadrature demodulator, and enve- ence, and also the analysis of the interaction between the lope detector. The designed dataflow allows to allocate pro- stage and orchestra on the example of selected interiors of cessing functions to either hardware (FPGA) or software opera theaters. The research was carried out on computer (GPU) to explore various imaging scenarios and optimize models using geometric methods. The results indicate to power consumption. A dedicated measurement setup facil- what extent the type and shape of the legs can affect the itates measuring power consumption of both FPGA and transmission of sound from the stage to the audience. GPU. The developed setup will provide a reliable experi- mental system power characterization. ??? ??? Bearing Calculation Accuracy for a Simulated Noise Source Using Secondary Paths Analysis a Hydroacoustic Tetrahedral Antenna of an Active Casing Placed at a Wall Buszman Krystian, [email protected] Chrapońska Anna, [email protected] Hydroacoustic Department Wrona Stanisław, [email protected] Polish Naval Academy Rzepecki Jarosław, [email protected] Gdynia, Poland Mazur Krzysztof, [email protected] Pawełczyk Marek, [email protected] Moving object in the marine environment is a source of Institute of Automatic Control hydroacoustic disturbances. Detection of the acoustic dis- Silesian University of Technology order is possible using a single hydrophone, while tracking Gliwice, Poland changes of object bearing requires multi-sensor solution. There are well known solutions such as linear and tetra- The active casing approach is to reduce device noise by hedral multisensor antennas. The advantage of the second controlling vibration of its casing. Its efficiency was con- solution is the use of 4 sensors located on the vertices of firmed by the authors in laboratory experiments and it was a regular tetrahedron instead of 6, i.e. 3 pairs for each axis reported in previous publications. However, the casing was of the Cartesian coordinate system. The proper rotation of distant from walls of the enclosure. Now, a new configura- the tetrahedron around the center of the coordinate sys- tion is considered, when the casing is placed at a wall, and tem makes it easier to determine the object bearing in the the actuators mounted on the casing from the side of the vertical and horizontal plane. The publication will present wall are also employed to actively reduce the emitted noise. the results of the algorithm calculating the bearing angle In such configuration the acoustic reflection from the wall of the apparent moving object and discrepancies depending is intentionally used. The considered wall is smooth and on the input values. rigid, thus it is highly acoustically reflective. In this paper, a preliminary experimental investigation ??? of such concept is presented. The primary and secondary paths analysis is given. Advantages and limits of the pro- Low-Power Ultrasound Imaging posed approach are pointed out and discussed. on Mixed FPGA/GPU Systems Cacko Damian1, 2, [email protected] ??? Walczak Mateusz1, 2 1, 2 Soundscape Analysis of Selected Places Lewandowski Marcin in Longyearbyen Area 1 Laboratory of Professional Electronics Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Czopek Dorota, [email protected] Polish Academy of Sciences Małecki Paweł, [email protected] Warszawa, Poland Piechowicz Janusz, [email protected] 2 us4us sp. z o.o. Wiciak Jerzy, [email protected] Warszawa, Poland Department of Mechanics and Vibroacoustics AGH University of Science and Technology Portable and hand-held ultrasound imagers have a po- Kraków, Poland tential to revolutionize Point-of-Care medical diagnostics. There is great need for low-cost, portable scanners with Longyearbyen is the largest settlement and the admin- extended battery life. In this paper, we focus on hardware- istrative and tourism center of archipelago Svalbard located software partitioning in heterogeneous systems where both in the Arctic Ocean. This settlement is located on Spits- field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and graphics pro- bergen – the largest Island of archipelago. Svalbard is in- cessing unit (GPU) resources are available. We present an teresting for many different researchers because it has an architecture of a prototype test scanner for the evalua- arctic climate and at the same time it is relatively easily tion of various hardware-software partitioning strategies. accessible by plane. Climatologist, geologists, glaciologists, The system is equipped with the Intel Arria 10 FPGA biologists and even anthropologists could find here interest- and the Nvidia Tegra X2 mobile GPU. FPGA-based beam- ing theme to investigate. Also soundscape of Spitsbergen is formers: Delay-and-Sum and Filtered Multiply-and-Sum, intriguing and need complex acoustic investigation. Since were implemented. These 32-channel beamformer blocks 2016, a group of scientists from the Department of Me- are integrated into a complete dataflow along with the data chanics and Vibroacoustics of AGH University of Science Chronicle – Joint Conference – ACOUSTICS 2018 549 and Technology conducted 3 scientific expeditions to Spits- bone using a conventional medical ultrasound scanner (Ul- bergen – 2 during the winter and 1 during the summer. trasonix Touch Research) equipped with a 3D linear trans- Performed field acoustic measurements included acoustic ducer array (4DL14-5/38) and a 128-channel data acquisi- monitoring of Longyearbyen, sound pressure level measure- tion box. Special beam-steering sequences were developed ment for noise map of settlement Longyearbyen, Pyrami- to transmit focused beams at multiple inclination angles to den and Barentsburg, ambisonic recordings and soundscape the cortical bone surface. For each transmitted beam, the analysis of places interesting because of tourism, and ice full aperture is used to obtain a wide-angle phase-sensitive cave impulse response measurement. This paper presents detection of backscattered signals. The spectral data anal- comparative analysis of soundscape of various landforms ysis provides a normalized depth-dependent backscatter nearby Longyearbyen in Management Area 10. This anal- spectrum. The method was applied ex-vivo to 18 human ysis showed variability and characteristic features of the proximal femur shaft bones. Site-matched pore morphol- natural Arctic soundscape. ogy was obtained from 100-MHz acoustic microscopy im- ages. Pore density, pore size and porosity were highly corre- ??? lated with the derived backscatter coefficients (adj. R2 up The History of Acoustics in Breslau/Wrocław to 0.85). A backscatter model derived from a parametric in 20-th Century – a Bridge Over Time numerical sound propagation study will be presented. The 1 results open a new path for a non-ionizing, non-invasive Dobrucki Andrzej , [email protected] 2 diagnosis of bone pathologies. Koltzsch¨ Peter 1 Wrocław University of Science and Technology ??? Wrocław, Poland Study of High Pressure Thermophysical 2 Technische Universitaet Dresden Properties of Ionic Liquids. Part II. Acoustic Dresden, Germany Method – Adventages and Disadventages Breslau had a long academic tradition. The acous- Dzida Marzena, [email protected] tics was practised at the University since 19-th century. Ernst Chladni, lectured at the University. Gustav Kirchhoff Institute of Chemistry was professor of physics here. In 20-th century acoustics was University of Silesia in Katowice practised at University and at Polytechnics (Technische Katowice, Poland Hochschule), which was created in 1910. In the beginning Knowledge of thermodynamic speed of sound in ionic of century professor Otto Lummer was active in the fields liquids (ILs) allows its use in attractive applications such of optics and acoustics at the University. His successor was as interaction of ultrasounds with medium in hydroloca- professor Clemens Schaefer. Professor Erich Waetzmann, tion and medicine, prediction of thermal conductivity of was active at the TH Breslau. He was in years 1930-32 the ILs as solar fluids, compressibility of ILs as hydraulic flu- Rector. Other significant acousticians were Kurt Schuster, ids. The pVT data obtained by the acoustic method be- Erwin Meyer, H.-J. von Braunm¨uhl,Ludwig Bergmann, long to the most reliable ones, since dependence of speed H.-O. Kneser. After World War II, Breslau became a city of sound on pressure and temperature is determined with in Poland as Wrocław. In 1945 the common University high accuracy. The great advantage of this method is abil- and Polytechnics has been restituted. Both Universities ity to determine pressure dependence of isobaric heat ca- have been separated in 1951. Acoustics is practised mainly pacity. Interpretation of speed of sound values and their at Polytechnics, at Faculty of Telecommunications (since usability for determination of related thermophysical prop- 1966 Faculty of Electronics). The first professor of acous- erties is possible only on basis of knowledge of relaxation tics was Zbigniew Żyszkowski. His students were prof. Wo- regions. Ultrasound absorption spectra of some ILs show jciech Majewski, Janusz Renowski, Janusz Zalewski, Bro- dependence on frequency at frequencies of transducers op- nisław Rogala and a few PhD’s. Nowadays, in Department erating in ultrasound devices. In that case, speed of sound of Acoustics and Multimedia are prof. Andrzej Dobrucki cannot be regarded as thermodynamic quantity; thus it is and Tadeusz Gudra, who belong to third generation of Po- not possible to use Newton-Laplace equation for determi- lish acousticians in Wrocław. nation related thermophysical properties. Particularly, it should be taking into account for speed of sound mea- ??? surements at low temperatures and/or high pressures. This Assessment of Cortical Bone Microstructure work presents analysis of temperature dependence of speed from Backscattered Waves of sound and temperature and pressure dependence of clas- sical ultrasound absorption in order to approximate disper- Du Juan, Lori Gianluca, Minh Nguyen Huong sion region. Raum Kay, [email protected] Charit´e– Universit¨atsmedizinBerlin ??? Berlin, Germany Acoustic Enhancement for Orchestra Players Clinical studies using high-Resolution X-ray CT have Engel Gunter, [email protected] revealed that cortical bone porosity is a major risk factor for fracture. However, the Change of cortical bone microstr- Mueller-BBM GmbH cuture is poorly captured by common X-ray based tech- Planegg/Munich, Germany niques. We have developed a method to retrieve informa- During the last years, the number of venues which tion about fracture-strength associated changes in cortical are using electroacoustic enhancement systems to improve 550 Archives of Acoustics – Volume 43, Number 3, 2018 their acoustic conditions in general or for special purposes The paper presents the analysis of the sources of errors has been increasing considerably. The reason for this is that of the acoustic pressure field measurements carried out on for a number of years the average quality of these instal- a measurement set-up which allows testing waves in the lations has reached a certain standard that typically pro- form of single modes propagating inside a rigid cylindri- vides a good acceptance among musicians which has been cal duct equipped with anechoic terminations to model an a severe issue in the early days of such systems. Based infinite waveguide. The measurement set-up consists self- on experiences with the electroacoustic enhancement sys- designed single mode synthesizer located inside anechoic tem Vivace this paper explains the fundamental principles termination and a measuring section with the microphone and the special usage of such systems to support orches- moving along the waveguide radius. Each of the individual tra players on stage or in an orchestra pit. A number of elements of the measurement set-up may cause some errors example installations are presented in detail. During the affecting measurement data. The article analyses discrep- tuning process of these installations and the correspond- ancies in the results of the acoustic pressure measurement ing discussions with the musicians interesting aspects of carried out for measuring point located on the duct axis the perception and acoustical needs of the various groups at a chosen distance from the sound sources. Several mea- inside a classical orchestra could be discovered which also surement series were carried out for each of the generated can be a valuable support when designing natural acoustics consecutive single modes, ie. (0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 1), (0, 1), and for stages or orchestra rehearsal rooms. Especially for or- a frequency wideband signal for an axisymmetrically and chestra rehearsal rooms an elaborated combination of room non-axisymmetrically position of a single sound source. For acoustical treatment and a specialized enhancement sup- each case, calculations of the mean value and the type A port might be a chance for achieving solutions that seemed standard uncertainty were executed by means of the classi- to be impossible up to now. cal method but also by the bootstrap estimate of the mean value and the bootstrap estimation of the uncertainty. The ??? results obtained applying each of the listed methods were discussed and compared with each other. Radio Simulcasting at a Glance: a New Look at Broadcasting and Streaming Services ???

Falkowski-Gilski Przemysław Hydroacoustic Study of Benthic Habitats [email protected] in Southern Baltic Sea (Review of Three Projects) Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications Górska Natalia, [email protected] and Informatics Gdańsk University of Technology Faculty of Oceanography and Geography Gdańsk, Poland University of Gdańsk Gdynia, Poland Radio is by far one of the most popular and accessi- ble medium. With its availability it attracts listeners all The results of three projects, financed by Polish Gov- around the world. There are numerous ways of delivering ernment and motivated by the development of hydroacous- content to consumers. The present situation is character- tic techniques for southern Baltic benthic habitat classifi- ized by the convergence of acoustics, computer science and cation, are discussed. telecommunications. This paper reviews the current status The first project (Development of hydroacoustic tech- of radio broadcasting and streaming services. It describes nique for monitoring underwater meadows in Puck Bay, a subjective study concerning different ways of providing 2001–2003) was addressed hydroacoustic distinguishing be- content through analog and digital terrestrial, as well as In- tween sea floor, covered and uncovered by underwater veg- ternet networks. It analyzes the possibilities and limitations etation and determining vegetation canopy height. related with each technology, from an economic and tech- In the frame of the second project (Development of hy- nological point of view, as well as resource sharing mecha- droacoustic techniques for study of benthic habitats of nisms. Southern Baltic Sea (study area: Rowy), 2007–2009) the al- gorithms were developed to distinguish three different habi- ??? tats connected with a fine-grained sand, a coarse sand with a gravel as well as a seabed with a lot of stones, covered Analysis of Sources of the In-Duct Acoustic mainly by mussels. Pressure Measurements Errors The algorithms, developed in both projects, were ver- Gorazd Łukasz1, [email protected] ified using results of ground truth sampling and visual in- Kolber Karolina1, [email protected] spection. In the projects, the sound interaction with seabed Snakowska Anna1, [email protected] was modelled theoretically in order to deeper understand Jurkiewicz Jerzy2, [email protected] the obtained results. 1 The third project (Study of the impact of microalgae Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics photosynthesis on the acoustical properties of the Baltic AGH University of Science and Technology seabed sediments, 2011–2013) was addressed the under- Kraków, Poland 2 standing of the effect of microphytobenthos photosynthesis Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, on the interaction between acoustic wave and seafloor that Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering is important in the hydroacoustic techniques development. AGH University of Science and Technology Kraków, Poland ??? Chronicle – Joint Conference – ACOUSTICS 2018 551

Depth Determination Accuracy of the Modified Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Studies Prony Method in Swath Mapping Application of Biofilmcovered Solid Substrata Submerged 1 in the Sea Grall Piotr , [email protected] Marszal Jacek2, [email protected] Grzegorczyk Maciej, fi[email protected] 1 Hydrographic Support Squadron of the Polish Navy Pogorzelski Stanisław J., fi[email protected] Gdynia, Poland Institute of Experimental Physics 2 Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications University of Gdańsk and Informatics Gdańsk, Poland Gdańsk University of Technology Biofouling on solid substrata was studied in coastal wa- Gdańsk, Poland ters of the Baltic with a photoacoustic spectroscopy (PA) This article presents the performance of the modified technique. Several substrata biotic and abiotic of vary- Prony method in swath mapping application. Depth de- ing surface energy and bioaccumulation efficiency were de- termination accuracy is assessed by processing raw signal ployed, for a certain time corresponding to the charac- acquired by EdgeTech 6205 swath bathymetry system over teristic stages of biofilm development. Periphyton consists flat seafloor. An updated version of the method proposed of algae, cyanobacteria, and heterotrophic microbes which previously by the authors is used to determine the number stand for a photosynthetic system with a mixture of pig- of signal echoes. The number of signal echoes is essential ments. PA signal amplitude and phase were evaluated us- for performing the low-rank approximation of the data ma- ing the phase-sensitive method with a novel closed-cell type trix in the modified Prony method. The achieved accuracy photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) system. Photosynthetic results are also compared to the results of other methods apparatus properties (photosynthetic energy storage (ES), applied to the same signal and International Hydrographic PA amplitude and phase spectra) exhibited a seasonal vari- Organization standards. ability. ES values were higher, for a season of high primary production. In addition, ES values were found higher by ??? a factor of 1.5–2, for biofilm settled on biotic macroalgae. The peak values in PA signal amplitude spectra maximum My Adventure with Hydroacoustics at ∼ 680 nm were highest for biotic substrata, lower for filtered planktonic phase, and lowest for abiotic surfaces. Grelowska Grażyna, [email protected] The photoacoustic parameters (ES and PA signal ampli- Faculty of Ocean Engineering and Ship Technology tude) turned out to be unequivocally related to the biofilm Gdańsk University of Technology structural signatures (thickness, volume, number of cells, Gdańsk, Poland fractal dimension etc.) as learned from confocal microscopy and wettability techniques. ??? ??? Sensing and Measurement of Acoustic Signal Methods for Selecting Multicomponent Layers from an Arterio-Venous Fistula which Match the Acoustic Impedance Grochowina Marcin, [email protected] of Ultrasound Transducers to Various Mediums Leniowska Lucyna, [email protected] Gudra Tadeusz1, [email protected] Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Banasiak Dariusz2, [email protected] University of Rzeszów 1 Department of Acoustics and Multimedia Rzeszów, Poland Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wrocław, Poland A properly functioning arteriovenous fistula is the best 2 vascular access in chronically hemodialyzed patients. It is Department of Computer Engineering extremely important for such patients to be able to quickly Wrocław University of Science and Technology diagnose the deterioration of fistula function, which can Wrocław, Poland be assessed by analyzing the acoustic signal emitted by The problem of optimal selection of materials for the flowing blood. In effective diagnostics it is necessary to matching layers e.g. of piezoceramic transducers for ul- eliminate distortions of the recorded sound resulting from trasonic emission and reception is closely related to the the measurement method. This article describes the pro- type of medium into which ultrasonic energy is radiated. totype of a device designed to record the acoustic signal Due to the unfavourable ratio of acoustic impedance be- emitted by the blood flowing through the fistula. The orig- tween piezoelectric ceramics and gaseous, liquid and bi- inal design of the head for acquisition of sound emitted ological media, the conversion of electrical to acoustic by the fistula eliminates distortions resulting from clas- energy introduces significant losses. The paper presents, sical measurement techniques. The device was created as among other methods of impedance-matching layers selec- a result of the theoretical analysis and the empirical veri- tion, a method based on genetic algorithms. The method fication of the propagation of sound waves. It significantly enables the search of state-space of possible solutions – in influenced the quality of data obtained in the diagnostic this case, of combinations matching layers’ materials. The process. optimal choice of computation method depends closely on ultrasonic impulse parameters such as: impulse shape, im- ??? pulse energy, transmission band shape and width. When 552 Archives of Acoustics – Volume 43, Number 3, 2018 using a single matching layer, its impedance can be calcu- exposure. The noise maps for Germany show high exposure lated based on upon Chebyshev’s, DeSilets’ or Souquet’s to traffic noise, especially road traffic noise. Therefore, the criterion. The choice of criterion depends on, among other focus of the noise action plans is on measures like speed re- factors, the expected shape of transfer function; the calcu- ductions, noise barriers, low-noise road surfaces and traffic lated values of matching layer’s impedance exhibits large management. The Directive also require wide public partic- variability, so the choice of suitable material is a complex ipation in the development of action plans. The competent task. The solution might be use multiple matching layers. authorities have therefore taken into account the requests The use of genetic algorithm allows for finding the optimal of the public, the legal framework for such measures, the matching layers combination fulfilling the chosen matching financial framework and the technical requirements. More- criterion. over, the competent authorities for the action plans and the authorities for the implementation of the measures are ??? often not the same. Close coordination between all author- Effectiveness in the Identification ities is therefore necessary for successful noise action plan- of Respiratory System Auscultation Sounds ning. Hafke-Dys Honorata, [email protected] ??? Bręborowicz Anna, Kleka Paweł Kociński Jędrzej, Biniakowski Adam Audio Signal Equalization Based on Spectral Characteristics of a Listening Room Institute of Acoustics and Music Content Reproduced Faculty of Physics Adam Mickiewicz University Hoffmann Piotr, phoff@sound.eti.pg.gda.pl Poznań, Poland Kostek Bożena, [email protected] A cross-sectional assessment of the skills of physicians Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and medical students in the field of acoustic classification and Informatics of respiratory sounds in children is presented in this paper. Gdańsk University of Technology The experiment consisted of a survey where the respon- Audio Acoustics Laboratory dents answered questions about their experience, skills, ed- Gdańsk, Poland ucation, etc. and a practical part – a test set of sounds This study presents investigations of the influence of from the respiratory system, to which the participants had the room acoustics on the frequency characteristic of the to listen and then match each signal to the descriptions audio signal playback. First, a concept of a novel spectral of specific sound classes. The results show how accurately equalization method of the room acoustic conditions is in- physicians and medical students categorize auscultation troduced. On the basis of the room spectral response, a sys- sounds according to various factors. The results of the sur- tem for room acoustics compensation based on an equal- vey highlighted the problem of insufficient instruction on izer designed is proposed. The system settings depend on auscultation both during study programs and during fur- music genre recognized automatically. In order to acquire ther medical practice. Moreover, in the medical environ- room acoustic characteristics, a series of measurements are ment in Poland there is a perceived need to standardize the performed. The impact of the enclosure on particular mu- nomenclature of auscultation sounds. This is also confirmed sic genre spectral characteristics has also been presented. by the results obtained in the practical part, which are In the analyses a comparison of spectral characteristics ob- significantly improved when sound classes are grouped to- tained with pink noise and music genres as measurement gether to form more general ones. Among the study groups, signals is presented. pulmonologists obtained the best results, statistically, com- pared to the other groups. In general, however, the results ??? of the experiment show the need to minimize the number of acoustic classes and to standardize the vocabulary for Music Recognition Algorithms Using Queries respiratory sounds by Example ??? Jaczyńska Marta, [email protected] Bobiński Piotr, [email protected] Traffic Noise and Noise Action Planning Pietrzak Agnieszka, [email protected] in Germany Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology 1 Hintzsche Matthias , [email protected] Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology 2 Heinrichs Eckhart , [email protected] Warsaw University of Technology 1 German Environment Agency Warszawa, Poland Dessau-Rosslau, Germany With the appearance of audio databases novel infor- 2 LK Argus GmbH mation retrieval methods are required. A natural way Berlin, Germany of searching in a musical audio database is by humming The Environmental Noise Directive requires the mem- or whistling the tune of a song as a query, which is so- ber states of the European Union to determine the noise ex- called “query by humming”. In this study five different posure of the population. In addition, the noise action plans techniques for effective and efficient querying by humming should contain appropriate measures to reduce high noise are described and compared. For this purpose, a system Chronicle – Joint Conference – ACOUSTICS 2018 553 that allows searching songs in a pre-prepared database us- tissues, except bone interfaces (provided that the acoustic ing various pitch tracking methods was implemented. The pressure will not be increased). In any case, the exciting system uses hummed part of a song or recording of live time – hence the duration of the scanning procedure – is singing as an input signal for which melodic contours are still a relevant factor. Furthermore measurements of acous- created. These contours are then compared with sample tic output parameters on clinical devises on the market are songs in the database. Five different algorithms were im- required for validation. plemented to search the pitch of the input signals. The ??? implemented application allows the users to select the al- gorithm and to define additional parameters related to the The Potential of Ultrasound contour generation and the comparison method. The users for Image Guided Therapies can also see the list of compositions in the database and Jenne J¨urgen,[email protected] manage the list by adding or removing the song. The user is also able to see the graphs from the analysis performed Fraunhofer Institute for Medical Image Computing MEVIS for the melodies hummed or whistled Bremen, Germany ??? Diagnostic ultrasound (US) imaging is an important tool to guide and control medical interventions. Benefits of Inter-Subject Differences of Head Related Transfer US include real-time capability, high availability, flexibility, Functions cost effectiveness and safety for patients and user. More- Jasiński Maciej, [email protected] over, contrast enhanced abdominal US (CEUS) has a com- Żera Jan, [email protected] parable diagnostic value as CT. Disadvantages are the lim- ited acoustic window, restricted by bony and airfilled struc- Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology tures, the user dependency and the absence of an accurate Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology tissue thermometry. Especially important is US guidance Warsaw Institute of Technology for the support of minimally- and non-invasive therapy pro- Warszawa, Poland cedures. Examples are needle based interventions, e.g. ra- Examination of the characteristics of individual Head dio frequency (RFA) and cryo-ablation or, since recently, Related Transfer Functions (HRTF) requires the use of irreversible electroporation (IRE). Also the combination of a specific measurement setup and procedure. This paper de- diagnostic US with therapeutic ultrasound, like high inten- scribes the design of a far field HRTF measurement setup in sity focused ultrasound (USgHIFU) has found the way into which the subject is continuously rotated towards a sound clinical practice, e.g. for the treatment of prostate cancer, source placed at a certain elevation angle. Currently the thyroid nodules or uterus fibroids. Beside therapy planning system allows for the acquisition of HRTF pairs (left and and guidance the real-time capability of US image acquisi- right ear) at 370 source positions in the surrounding space. tion is also favorable for the detection and tracking of organ The test signal is recorded by two miniature microphones motion. This allows for motion compensation in FUS but placed at the entrance to the blocked ear canal. Completing also in radiation therapy. In conclusion, diagnostic ultra- of a set of HRTFs at all spatial positions takes about 45 sound is an ideal tool for imaged guided therapies. With minutes for one subject. The present measurement setup the growing field of non- and minimally-invasive therapies, was evaluated by acquiring HRTFs with the use of an the role of ultrasound will also gain importance in the next acoustic manikin and with the participation of subjects. decade. The paper discusses inter-subject differences among mea- ??? sured HRTFs, both in horizontal and vertical planes, with reference to the results obtained with the use of the acous- Theranostic Nanoparticles tic manikin. for Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy ??? Józefczak Arkadiusz, [email protected] Safety Issues of Novel Ultrasound Imaging Adam Mickiewicz University Modalities Poznań, Poland Jenderka Klaus-Vitold, [email protected] Ultrasounds can be used for therapy and also for imag- ing and monitoring the therapeutic process and efficiency. University of Applied Sciences Merseburg Commonly used ultrasound contrast agents – microscale Marseburg, Germany bubbles are still too big to extravasate from the vascular lu- Medical ultrasound technology is characterized by men. The smaller size of nanoparticles which increases the a continuous high rate of innovation, which involves also therapeutic efficacy of ultrasound hyperthermia and ther- new scanning sequences. The setup of the scanning se- moablation can also influence ultrasound contrast imag- quence (acoustic pressure, pulse duration and pulse rep- ing. Nanoparticles can act as theranostics. For theranos- etition rate) determine the safety relevant acoustic output. tic purposes different types of nanoparticles can be used, Novel safety relevant imaging modalities are fast and ul- such as gold nanoparticles, gold-based composite, silica, trafast imaging and shear wave elastography. Fast imaging carbon-based, and magnetic nanoparticles. A nanosystem methods based on plane wave excitations are probably safe can be used for ultrasound-triggered drug release, photoa- (provided that the acoustic pressure will not be increased). coustic imaging, ultrasound imaging, or ultrasound ther- Shear wave elastography methods using push pulses to ex- apy. The results of studies show that magnetic nanopar- cite the shear waves (e.g. ARFI methods) are safe for soft ticles have good characteristics for ultrasound theranostic 554 Archives of Acoustics – Volume 43, Number 3, 2018 therapy which is a combination of therapy and diagnostics dimerization and dimer isomerization equilibria, they dis- functions in the same nanoparticles. Magnetic nanoparti- close a contribution due to noncritical fluctuation in the cles are also suitable for other types of theranostics proce- local concentrations. The fluctuation correlation length de- dures, such as magnetic hyperthermia, magnetic drug tar- rived from the spectra fits well to data for mixtures of water geting, or magnetic resonance. with other substances. This work was partly supported by a Polish National Science Centre grant, no DEC-2015/17/B/ST7/03566. ??? ??? Heating Induced by Ultrasound in the Presence of Magnetic Nanoparticles Research on Underwater Communication Modem with FSK Modulation Kaczmarek Katarzyna, [email protected] Józwiak Rafał, [email protected] Józefczak Arkadiusz Listewnik Karol, [email protected] Hornowski Tomasz Department of Hydroacoustic Polish Naval Academy Adam Mickiewicz University Gdynia, Poland Poznań, Poland An article presents research on underwater communica- Ultrasound hyperthermia is a medical procedure which tion modem designed and created by team of Hydroacous- involves temperature rise in tissues up to 43–45◦C. As tics Department of Polish Naval Academy under “Motyl a heat source either focused or non-focused ultrasounds can and Motyl II” research and development project. The mo- be applied. The efficacy of ultrasound hyperthermia can dem uses FSK (Frequency-Shift Keying) frequency modu- be improved by using so-called sonosensitizers – the solid lation for data transmission in aquatic environment. nanoparticles that enhance the absorption of the acoustic The article presents results of research conducted in hy- energy. The experiments on ultrasound hyperthermia were droacoustics lab of Polish Naval Academy along with a way carried out using the tissue-mimicking phantoms doped of error-correcting coding of information transmitted by with magnetic sonosensitizers at various ultrasound fre- the modem. Subsequently, the results are being presented quencies, intensities, concentrations of magnetic nanopar- in real- life conditions for two reservoirs: enclosed basin of ticles, and distances from the center of ultrasound focus yacht marina, where a phenomenon of sent signal multipath point. Additionally, SAR values, which describes the heat has been observed; and Gulf of Gdańsk reservoir, where the deposition in the tissues, were evaluated. The obtained re- level of reflected signals was negligibly small. Research fo- sults show that the presence of sonosensitizers in tissue- cuses on signal received by underwater communication mo- mimicking phantoms affect the rate of heating. Temper- dem, at band pass filters output and comparator output. ature rise during ultrasound heating and SAR values in ??? phantoms doped with sonosensitizers are greater than those Ultrasonic and Dielectric Relaxation in pure agar phantom. Moreover the highest SAR values of Associating Liquids. Translation-Orientation were obtained in the ultrasound focus and their value de- Coupling and Concentration Fluctuations creases with the distance from it. Kaatze Udo, [email protected] ??? Drittes Physikalisches Institut Problems of Acoustic Treatment in Historic Halls Georg-August-Universit¨at,G¨ottingen Kamisiński Tadeusz, [email protected] G¨ottingen,Germany Department of Mechanics and Vibroacoustics Broadband (100 kHz – 2 GHz) ultrasonic spectra and AGH University of Science and Technology results from UV and X-ray Brillouin spectra are discussed Kraków, Poland for water, monohydric alcohols and carboxylic acids as well as mixtures of water with the alcohols and acids. Compar- Historic cultural objects, such as theaters and phil- ison is made with dielectric spectra (10 MHz – 2 THz) of harmonic halls are particularly valuable national heritage. the liquids in order to investigate correlations between the Renovation and modernization of listed buildings are usu- density fluctuations of the hydrogen bond networks and ally strictly supervised by a conservation officer, who intro- the reorientational motions of the molecules. When wa- duces significant design and construction restrictions for ter and the alcohol systems are discussed in terms of the use of modern technologies. The problem of room acous- wait-and-switch model of dielectric relaxation, the struc- tics addressed by the author concerns new equipment and ture relaxation times are found to agree with waiting pe- changes related to the binding building regulations. Based riod in the molecular dipole moment reorientation times. on several renovated halls the author shows the process of This finding indicates a coupling between translational and modernization of individual elements and indicates their orientational molecular motions and confirms the idea of impact on the interior’s acoustic parameters. Special at- defect diffusion mechanisms of the liquid dynamics. The tention is dedicated to solutions shaping the first reflec- dielectric spectra of the mixtures of water with carboxylic tions around the stage, the orchestra pit and the back wall. acids reveal two relaxation terms which are assigned to liq- Application of dedicated reflective and diffusive panels on uid phases of different composition. Ultrasonic spectra for concave surfaces under the balconies and selected orches- mixtures with propionic, butyric, and isobutyric acid sup- tra pit walls, significantly improved the objective and sub- port this assignment. In addition to terms related to the jective acoustic parameters of the analyzed interiors. The Chronicle – Joint Conference – ACOUSTICS 2018 555 conclusions are based on simulations and measurements in Estimation of Coherence Bandwidth selected objects. for Underwater Acoustic Communication Channel ??? Kochańska Iwona, [email protected] Optimization of a Non-Linear Mass Damper Schmidt Jan H., [email protected] Karl Tim, [email protected] Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications Sachau Delf, [email protected] and Informatics Gdańsk University of Technology Professorship of Mechatronics Gdańsk, Poland Helmut-Schmidt-University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg Shallow underwater acoustic communication channel is Hamburg, Germany characterized by strong multipath propagation. The sig- nal reaching the receiver consists of a direct waveform and Many technical systems are sensitive to vibrations. a number of its delayed and suppressed replica. A signif- Those disturbances can be handled with active and passive icant time dispersion of transmitted signal and selective counter-measures. In the literature you can find dimension- fading of its spectrum are observed. Coherence bandwidth ing methods for passive mass dampers. Those methods use defines maximal bandwidth, wherein the channel amplitude analytic models of the combined system. This paper deals characteristic remains constant and its phase characteris- with the question whether a simulative optimization based tics is linear. It is one of the channel transmission param- on Matlab/Simulink leads to better results than an analytic eters that determine the physical layer of data transmis- calculation. sion. Coherence bandwidth can be calculated on the ba- ??? sis of the channel impulse response, measured by correla- tion method with the use of wideband frequency modulated Acoustical Analysis of Coupled Rooms Applied signals or pseudo-random binary sequences. Both types of to the Deutsche Oper Berlin probe signals have an impulse-like autocorrelation function 1 Kimmich Jan Michael , whose influence on the impulse response estimate is often [email protected] considered as negligible. However, probe signals practically 2 Schlesinger Anton , used in measuring systems have a limited bandwidth, which [email protected] causes their correlation properties to be different than in 2 Tschaikner Martin , [email protected] truly wideband case. This has a direct impact on impulse 2 Ochmann Martin , [email protected] response and transmission parameters estimates. In par- 1 Frank Stefan , [email protected] ticular, the coherence bandwidth can differ significantly 1 Fachbereich 2 – Ingenieurwissenschaften depending on the probe signal used. The paper proposes Hochschule f¨urTechnik und Wirtschaft a method of correction of the probe signal influence on the Berlin, Germany estimate of channel coherence bandwidth. 2 Projektgruppe Computational Acoustics ??? Beuth Hochschule f¨urTechnik Berlin, Germany Perceptual Evaluation of Music Similarity The aim of the project SIMOPERA is to simulate and Kohlrausch Armin, [email protected] optimize the acoustics in large and complex rooms with Vecchi Alejandro Osses special focus on the Deutsche Oper Berlin as an example Technische Universiteit Eindhoven of application. Firstly, characteristic subspaces of the opera Eindhoven, Netherland are considered as the orchestra pit, the stage and the audi- In this contribution, the perceptual similarity between torium. Special attention is paid to the orchestra pit, where musical sounds is evaluated. The sounds consist of the same high sound pressure levels can occur leading to noise re- note (C#5), played on seven historical pianos built in the lated risks for the musicians. However, lowering the sound 19th century. The goal was to establish the perceptual dis- pressure level in the orchestra pit should not violate other tance between notes, with the future possibility to relate objectives as the propagation of sound into the auditorium, these distances to the mechanical construction of the in- the balance between the stage performers and the orchestra struments. As ground truth we obtained data via triadic across the hall, and the mutual audibility between perform- comparisons. In this task, subjects are confronted with ers and orchestra members. For that reason, a hybrid simu- a triplet of sounds, to which they can listen as much as lation method consisting of the wave-based Finite Element they want, and have to decide which pair of sounds is the Method (FEM) and the Boundary Element Method (BEM) most similar and which pair is the most dissimilar. The for low frequencies and geometrical methods like the mir- similarity matrix is then used to construct a perceptual ror source method and raytracing for higher frequencies is space, in which the distances between individual instru- developed in order to determine the relevant room acoustic ment sounds are used as indication for the perceptual dis- quantities such as impulse response functions, reverbera- tance. We also evaluated a newly developed method, in tion time, clarity, center time etc. Measurements in the which subjects have to discriminate two instrument sounds. opera will continuously accompany the numerical calcula- In this task, a specific noise is added to the sounds, which tions. Finally, selected constructive means for reducing the has the same spectro-temporal pattern and has the func- sound level in the orchestra pit will be analysed. tion to make the discrimination more difficult. In particu- ??? lar, we evaluated the signal-to-noise ratio at discrimination 556 Archives of Acoustics – Volume 43, Number 3, 2018 threshold for each pair and found a significant correlation distribution of the acoustic source. It is an imaging tech- with the distances obtained from the triadic comparison. nique that applies to continuous or discrete source distribu- tions. The aim of this paper is then to show that the time- ??? domain beamforming technique allows assessing the nature Determination of the Reflection Coefficient of aeroacoustic sources. The use of beamforming requires of The Anechoic Termination Installed an assumption on the stationarity of the sources as it works at a Duct-Like Measuring Set-up with a time-averaged estimate of the cross-spectral matrix. As a consequence this technique provides an estimation of Kolber Karolina, [email protected] the average position (in space and time) of an aeroacoustic Gorazd Łukasz, [email protected] source. Beamforming is a new powerful, flexible, and con- Snakowska Anna, [email protected] tinuously evolving measurement technique in aeroacous- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics tics. The method was applied to experimental wind-tunnel AGH University of Science and Technology measurements with outlet to anechoic chamber. The noise Kraków, Poland produced by the flow was analysed by using beamforming and compared with single microphone method. Structure The paper presents an analysis of the measurement er- and spectrum of frequency analysis of such an aeroacoustic ror introduced by the anechoic terminations installed at source was investigated. The advantages and disadvantages the constructed experimental set-up to meet the assump- used methods were discussed. tions of some mathematical models under which the sound field phenomena are investigated most frequently. In the ??? measuring set-up the anechoic terminations were installed at both ends of the acoustic waveguide to justify applica- Sound Transmission Loss Analysis of Plates tion of the mathematical model of an infinite duct and at Using Calculation Models one end for a semi-infinite model. Numerous measurements Kosała Krzysztof, [email protected] of the acoustic pressure distribution inside the duct with AGH University of Science and Technology the two ends equipped with these devices were taken and Kraków, Poland the results confirmed accordance of the constructed set-up properties with theoretically assumed model of a straight The research concerns the analysis of acoustic prop- hard duct of infinite length. To model the semi-infinite duct erties of materials and constructional solutions in reduc- the anechoic termination was mounted at the source end. ing of vibroacoustic hazards. This type of solutions dis- Also in this case the measurements taken at the duct outlet tinguishes materials resistant to the penetration of sound and outside the duct in the far field were consistent with waves, which can be used individually, such as single ho- theoretical predictions of the implemented mathematical mogeneous soundproofing baffles, as well as sound absorb- model. The anechoic termination is also a part of the self- ing materials, which are used as lining or sound-absorbing designed mode synthesiser composed of 13 point sources ar- cores in layered baffles. Airborne sound insulation of mate- ranged in triangle-shaped grid. It allows to generate a single rials is determined primarily in laboratory conditions. To higher order cut-on mode by setting properly modulae and determine it, theoretical calculation models are also used, phases of each of the point sources. However the appearance which is the subject of the paper. The test objects were of other undesired modes while generation of a single mode samples – homogeneous materials of various thicknesses, was observed and one of the reasons might have been the which were steel, aluminum, PVC, acrylic and plexiglass quality of used anechoic termination. Despite receiving in plates. The sound-insulating properties of these materials all proceeded measurements results consistent with mathe- are used in sound absorbing and insulating enclosures for matical models the determination of measurement error is the construction of layered baffles or some of them as wall an indispensable part of the measuring data analysis and elements of acoustic barriers. The acoustic insulation char- the reflection coefficient of used anechoic terminations can acteristics obtained from the calculations were compared show how they influence the obtained data. with the results of laboratory tests carried out on the stand for airborne sound insulation testing. ??? ??? Beamforming – Microphone Arrays Technique for Aeroacoustic Applications Listening to Live Music: Life Beyond Music Recommendation Systems Kopania Joanna, [email protected] Institute of Social Sciences and Management Kostek Bożena, [email protected] of Technologies Audio Acoustics Laboratory Faculty Committee on Teaching and Learning Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications Lodz University of Technology and Informatics Łódź, Poland Gdansk University of Technology Gdańsk, Poland Beamforming is a technique that uses a sensor array to visualize the location of a signal of interest. The tech- This paper presents first a short review on music rec- nique have become an important tool in the localization of ommendation system based on social collaborative filtering. noise sources. Beamforming is a method for processing mi- A dictionary of terms related to music recommendation sys- crophone array data to produce images that represent the tems, such as music information retrieval (MIR), Query-by- Chronicle – Joint Conference – ACOUSTICS 2018 557

Example (QBE), Query-by-Category (QBC), music con- Dynamic range compression (DRC) is a widely-used tent, music annotating, music tagging, bridging semantic compensation strategy in hearing aids. However, the choice gap in music domain, etc. is introduced. Bases of music rec- of the compression parameters, such as time constants, is ommender systems are shortly presented, including mech- still a subject of an ongoing debate. This contribution eval- anisms underlying these systems. Also, usage of machine uates the efficacy of fast-acting DRC as a hearing-loss com- learning versus statistics is discussed with regard to the pensation strategy in a range of experimental conditions. recommender systems working. Moreover, listening to mu- First, fast-acting DRC was investigated considering tempo- sic through players implemented on computers or mobile ral masking of narrowband stimuli. The results of a model- devices is opposed to listening to live music in the context driven evaluation showed that the measures of temporal of social and technology implications, i.e. live performance resolution can be improved with fast-acting compression contrasting issues related to music quality. Finally, future with a very short release time (10 ms). Second, the effects of directions in the music recommendation area and live mu- compression on speech audibility and noiseinduced forward sic are discussed, including performance on virtual musical masking were evaluated in a highly-controlled scenario. The instruments. application of very short compression time constants was shown to improve HI listeners’ consonant recognition per- ??? formance. Finally, despite the benefits of fast-acting com- pression apparent in controlled conditions, it may introduce Measurement Methodology for Interiors Coupled distortion in realistic scenarios, such as a reduction in the with Sound Reinforcement Systems signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A novel signal-to-noise-ratio- Kotus Józef, [email protected] aware compensation strategy is discussed, which switches Kostek Bożena, [email protected] between fast- and slow-acting compression depending on Kurowski Adam, [email protected] the presence of the target signal and therefore preserves Szczuko Piotr, [email protected] the natural relationship between the target and the back- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications ground. An objective evaluation of the algorithm is pre- and Informatics sented and its potential applications are discussed. Gdansk University of Technology ??? Gdańsk, Poland How to Adjust Room Acoustics This paper presents a description of the methodology to Multifunctional Use at Music Venues of performing acoustic measurements in acoustically dif- ficult enclosed spaces in order to obtain a repository of Kozłowski Piotr Z., [email protected] impulse responses. As a part of the research, acoustic pa- Faculty of Electronics rameters important in the context of public address and Wroclaw University of Science and Technology sound reinforcement systems were first reviewed. A mea- Wrocław, Poland surement methodology was proposed that employed vari- ous test signals to determine impulse responses. In addi- Multifunctional venues such as local culture centres tion, in the process of evaluating the sound system per- have to be flexible to host many different kinds of con- formance, signals enabling direct objective measurement of certs, theatre shows, and various other events. Additionally, the STI (Speech Transmission Index) coefficient, and in many existing venues such as theatres, concert halls, and particular the STI-PA (STI for Public Address systems) even opera houses need to present shows which are not typ- ratio, were utilized in accordance with the measurement ical for their purpose. This situation caused a strong need standard. Sound systems installed in the selected acous- to change acoustic parameters of the venue between differ- tic interiors were used in the measurements. A comparison ent types of events. The paper presents a few ideas on how of the results obtained for different length of Sweep Sine to meet this need, based on several realized music venues. stimuli was made that enabled to recommend the latter Technologies used to change room acoustics are explained, test signal as more suitable for such interiors coupled with as well as final results taken by acoustics measurements. sound reinforcement systems. ??? ??? Ultrasound Thermal Effect Enriched by Adding Micro and Nano Particles Effects of Fast-Acting Hearing-Aid Compression to Tissue Mimicking Materials on Audibility, Forward Masking and Speech Perception Kruglenko Eleonora, [email protected] Korczak Ilona, [email protected] Borys1, Tobias1 Kowalewski May Litniewski Jerzy, [email protected] Michał1, Johannes1 Feręczkowski Zaar Gambin Barbara, [email protected] Strelcyk Olaf 2, Macdonald Ewen1, Dau Torsten1 1 Department of Ultrasound Hearing Systems Group Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Department of Electrical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Warszawa, Poland Lyngby, Denmark 2 Sonova US Corporate Services Agar-gel based materials are widely used as tissue mim- Warrenvile, United States icking materials. Pure agar-gel is stable up to 60◦C but 558 Archives of Acoustics – Volume 43, Number 3, 2018 exhibits small ultrasound attenuation compare to a soft Using modern processing techniques we analysed mor- tissue. To enhance the attenuation of agar-gel we fabri- phology, backscatter intensities and water column data sig- cated samples of agar-gel with adding of graphite micro nals of both acoustic instruments allowing us for kelp de- particles (GMPs), magnetic micro particles (MMPs) and tection. We also demonstrated high efficiency of compact magnetic nano particles (MNPs) with two weight fractions multibeam systems for benthic habitat mapping in Arctic of dry powders added before the formation of the gel to conditions. the aqueous agar solution, namely 0.8% and 1.6%, respec- tively. In order to compare the thermal effect caused by ??? addition of particles, the samples immersed in a water bath Highly Impulsive Noise of Collisions of Train Cars: were heated by 2 MHz circular focused transducer (diam- Distinctive Feature Vector Development eter 44 mm), with power of 1, 2, 3 and 4 W. The tem- perature increase curves were measured by thermocouples. Kukulski Bartłomiej, [email protected] The temperature change rate (TCR) in the initial point Wszołek Tadeusz, [email protected] of heating was calculated. For 0.8% weight fraction the AGH University of Science and Technology MMPs sample had the highest TCR value at each sound Kraków, Poland power tested, the smallest value had the MNPs sample. For the 1.6% weight fraction, the highest TCR value had The issue of objective assessment of impulsive noise still the MNPs sample, while the smallest TCR had the GMPs remains one of the important problems of environmental sample. We stated that for the higher fraction of parti- acoustics. Current, arbitrary classification methods partly cles, the MNPs material had the highest TCR value for all solve the problem of identification, but the issue of differen- powers, and besides the difference between TCR in MMPs tiating the degree of annoyance of highly impulsive and also and GMPs samples was less than the difference between high-energy sound sources is still unresolved. Therefore, it TCR in MMPs and MNPs samples. Besides, in this case, is reasonable to search for effective methods in the process the MNPs sample exhibited the minimal exposure time to of objective assessment and classification of highly impul- achieve the temperature increment of 5◦C, which was only sive noise. As one of the possible approaches, the authors to 6 s for the acoustic power of 4 W. This facts underline find the application of artificial intelligence methods. the unique properties of MNP material and its usefulness The paper presents a proposal of a vector of distinctive as a model material for ultrasonic hyperthermia experi- features of highly impulse noise from collisions of train cars, ments. which can be useful in the classification of impulses due to their degree of annoyance. A set of measurable parameters ??? in time and frequency domain have been selected for the Acoustic Detection of Macroalgae in a Dynamic construction of the feature vector. Their usefulness in the Arctic Environment (Isfjorden, West Spitsbergen) classification of the impulses has been verified on the basis Using Single- and Multi-Beam Echosounders of principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Kruss Aleksandra, [email protected] ??? Wiktor Józef Wiktor Józef Jr. On Some Problems with Vibroacoustic LDV Tatarek Agnieszka Measurements for Windows 1 Institute of Oceanography University of Gdańsk Kwapisz Leszek , [email protected] 2 Gdynia, Poland Jakubowski Piotr , [email protected] Radzieński Maciej1, [email protected] Acoustic imaging of seabed morphology and benthic 1 habitats is a fast-developing tool for investigating large ar- Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery eas of underwater environment. Even though single- and Polish Academy of Science Gdańsk, Poland multi-beam echosounders have been widely used for this 2 purpose for many years, there is still much to discover, Vibroacoustic Tests Laboratory especially in terms of processing water column echoes to Ship Design And Research Centre detect macroalgae and other scatterers (e.g., fishes, or sus- Gdańsk, Poland pended sediments). Acoustic insulation of windows was tested with the help In July 2016 and 2017 eight areas (4 northern and 4 of laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV). LDV in window re- southern of the fjord) were mapped in Isfjorden (Svalbard) search could, for example, checks the correctness of the using single-beam sonar Biosonix DTX (420 kHz) and window fixing and determine the map of acoustic energy multibeam sonar Norbit iWBMS (330 kHz). These multi- passing through the window. During testing, a very large disciplinary expeditions to investigate macroalgae spatial 3-wing window, overheated of the loudspeaker occurred in distribution in areas under the increased influence of glacial the transmitting chamber and jumps in the emitted acous- melt water were founded by Polish National Science Centre tic power appeared. For the saving of the measurement (project MAKAK: UMO-2015/17/B/NZ8/02473). results after overheating the loudspeaker, the correction of 2 We covered 6.6 km of seabed in shallow, coastal zone, results in the final part of the examined area was applied. collecting a unique data set showing variability of acoustic Problems with correcting these results are described in the properties among different macroalgae species, supported article. by very well correlated ground-truth data (video) and en- vironmental measurements (CTD, ADCP). ??? Chronicle – Joint Conference – ACOUSTICS 2018 559

What is Acoustic and Electromagnetic Wave vibrational degrees of freedom of the molecule take part in Motion “Governed By”? this process. However, benzene derivatives with amino, nitro, and Lasota Henryk, [email protected] methyl groups and halides show the other relaxation pro- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications cess. and Informatics Gdansk University of Technology ??? Gdańsk, Poland Development of Metrological Infrastructure Contrary to common belief, wave equations do not in the Field of Underwater Acoustics in Poland “govern” wave phenomena, but mere describe their global Listewnik Karol1, 2, [email protected] effects, seen in a larger spatial and temporal scale. In fact, Dobrowolska Danuta2, [email protected] both acoustic and electromagnetic wave motion is the re- 1 sult of dynamic action sequence “governed by” the pair Department of Hydroacoustics of first order relations, Euler’s and Maxwell’s respectively, Polish Naval Academy in Gdynia Gdynia, Poland met locally at every elementary volume of respective physi- 2 cal space, and at any moment. The sequence forms a circu- Laboratory of Acoustics and Vibration lar feedback loop combining space imbalance of measure- Central Office of Measures ment quantity (intensity) of one kind, as the local cause, Warszawa, Poland with time change of material quantity (density) of the sec- This paper contains a concept study of development ond kind, as a prompt effect. The essence of wave motion of metrological infrastructure in the field of underwater in both considered cases is thus in a double dynamics of acoustics aimed at ensuring metrological traceability and amorphous medium endowed with internally cross-coupled supporting research activity in this field in Poland. First of physical properties, that gives to any disturbance a kind of all, a review of the activity of different institutions in var- dynamic equilibrium. Next, the disturbance is being pushed ious areas of underwater acoustics has been adopted. An out from the area, accordingly to the local law of energy overview of the marine research areas such as oceanogra- conservation expressed by the differential relationship forc- phy, underwater security of critical infrastructure and mar- ing a phenomenon dynamic change as the effect of its space itime defence, marine physics, and biology has been made. divergence. The symmetry of the paper approach proves Additionally, the implementation of EU Marine Strategy a crucial role of physical properties in both fluid acous- Framework Directive was analysed. Different metrological tic media and radio/light-carrying space (inaccurately de- needs resulting from a wide spectrum of activity have been clared “empty”). analysed. Moreover, analysis of documentation standard- ization regarding the calibration of underwater transducers ??? as well as the entire signal processing channel has been per- Vibrational Relaxation in Several Derivatives formed. Based on the selection of the measurement meth- of Benzene ods, the metrological infrastructure necessary for calibra- tion and testing has been determined. The advantages re- Bogumił, fi[email protected] Linde sulting from the development of national metrological in- Division of Acoustics and Nuclear Physics frastructure are defined as an uninterrupted continuity pro- Institute of Experimental Physics viding measuring equipment with quality and reliability University of Gdańsk confirmed by calibrations and metrological checks. Gdańsk, Poland ??? Acoustical spectroscopy at frequencies up to 10 GHz gives the possibility of relaxation process observation which Acoustical Helicoidal Resonators Connected is caused by energy transfer between translational and vi- in Series Inside Straight Cylindrical Duct brational degrees of freedom. The compounds presented in – Numerical Analysis of Transmission Loss this article belong to this group of liquids. The acoustic and Pressure Drop investigations in the group of benzene derivatives, partic- Łapka Wojciech, [email protected] ularly research of the dependencies of acoustic parameters Kędzia Piotr and the structure of organic liquids, demonstrated some Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Management interesting regularities in the group of these compounds. Poznan University of Technology There will be presented the results of research on five Poznań, Poland cyclic liquids: bromo-, chloro-, fluoro-, iodo-, and nitroben- zene as well as toluene and aniline are discussed and com- This paper describes the possible use of acoustical he- pared to benzene. The acoustic relaxation observed in part licoidal resonators connected in series inside straight cylin- of these compounds was found to result from Kneser’s pro- drical duct. The range of discovered solutions were ex- cesses (vibrational relaxation). Based on investigations by tended in relation to previous studies of the transmis- the author as well as by other people, and taking into ac- sion loss (TL) and pressure drop analysis of helicoidal res- count experimental and literature data concerning a great onators. In the field of the ratio s/d, which is the helicoidal number of compounds, one can draw a conclusion that al- pitch s to the duct diameter d, the research were extended most all acoustic relaxation processes in liquids can be de- below s/d = 1.0 and above s/d = 4.0. Also the number scribed using a single relaxation time. It also seems that all of helicoidal turns n was extended above n = 1.0. A few 560 Archives of Acoustics – Volume 43, Number 3, 2018 helicoidal resonators with highest TL and lowest pressure domain bottom echo envelopes received in the consecutive drop were selected for considering the connection in series. sonar beams. The proposed methodology has been tested The TL and pressure drop were calculated by the use of using field data records acquired from several bottom types numerical analysis with finite element method. The change in the Southern Baltic Sea. The seafloor classification was of rotational position and distance between helicoidal res- carried out by using several statistical methods applied for onators were analyzed. The results were presented as nu- analysis of a set of seafloor descriptors derived from multi- merical maps of integrated TL and total pressure drop co- beam data. efficients (ζ). ??? ??? Normal to Whisper Voice Conversion Vibroacoustic Analysis of Selected Sources Using Active Tone Cancellation of Low-Frequency Noise in Residential Buildings Łuczyński Michał, [email protected] Łapka Wojciech1, [email protected] 2 Faculty of Electronics Wrzeciono Piotr , piotr [email protected] Wrocław University of Science and Technology 1 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Management Wrocław, Poland Poznan University of Technology According to previous researches (own and literature), Poznan, Poland normal voice and whisper voice have similar components 2 Faculty of Applied Informatics and Mathematics of the spectrum, although fundamental frequency (F0) and Warsaw University of Life Sciences harmonics frequency does not exist in a frequency spec- Warszawa, Poland trum of whisper voice. This study was carried out to de- This paper is related to the existence of low-frequency termine the ability of normal voice to be transformed into noise in residential buildings. Single-family and multi- whisper voice by using digital signal processing. Funda- family houses are equipped with internal heating installa- mental frequency and its harmonics have been cancelled by tions, which could be the sources of noise – mainly low- an algorithm based on active noise cancellation theory us- frequency. In paper are presented results of undertaken ing a synthesis of cancellation signal. A time-domain signal measurement of vibration and sound inside selected resi- has been transformed to frequency-domain. The maxima of dential buildings. In many cases, the Polish standards of the frequency-domain signal have been found. Later proper noise limits are not exceeded, but the noise is audible and cancelling signal has been synthesized and has been added annoying. We presented the results of measurements of to the primary signal. Theoretical analysis and experiments noise spectrum with A correction characteristic and with have been conducted for Polish vowels. Results have been linear characteristics. The obtained results were assessed compared to recorded whispered voice. according to the Building Research Institute instruction no. 358/98. ???

??? Spatial Hearing Beyond the Horizontal Plane Majdak Piotr, [email protected] Seafloor Characterisation Using Underwater Baumgartner Robert, Laback Bernhard Acoustic Devices Acoustics Research Institute Łubniewski Zbigniew, [email protected] Austrian Academy of Sciences Stepnowski Andrzej, [email protected] Wohllebengasse 12-14, Austria Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications Millions of people use headphones every day for lis- and Informatics tening to music, watching movies, or communicating with Gdańsk University of Technology others. Nevertheless, sounds presented via headphones are Gdańsk, Poland usually perceived inside the head instead of at a naturally Remote sensing of the seafloor constitutes an important external location. Generally, spatial hearing involves per- topic in exploration, management, protection and other in- ceptual effects like externalization, localization, apparent vestigations of the marine environment. In the first part of source width, listener envelopment, and spatial unmask- the paper, a review of underwater acoustic technology and ing. The acoustic basis for these effects is described by the methodology used in seafloor characterisation is presented. listener-specific head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). It consists of the techniques based on the use of single- Binaural virtual acoustics based on listener-specific HRTFs beam echosounders and seismic sources, along with those can create sounds presented via headphones being indistin- developed for the use of the sidescan sonar and multibeam guishable from natural sounds. In this talk, we will focus sonar systems. In the second part, the review is followed on details of sound localization that are particularly sensi- by description of the combined approach to seafloor char- tive to listener-specific HRTFs, that is, along sagittal planes acterisation developed by the authors. This relies on cal- (i.e., vertical planes being orthogonal to the interaural axis) culation of several descriptors related to seabed type us- and near distances (sound externalization/internalization). ing three different types of multibeam sonar data obtained We will discuss recent findings from binaural virtual acous- during seafloor sensing, viz.: 1) the grey-level sonar images tics and present models aiming at predicting sound exter- (echograms) of seabed, 2) the 3D model of the seabed sur- nalization and localization in sagittal planes considering face which consists of bathymetric data, 3) the set of time listener’s HRTFs. The sagittal-plane localization seems to Chronicle – Joint Conference – ACOUSTICS 2018 561 be well understood and its model can already now reliably (LEX, 8h) and automatically limiting the level of repro- predict the localization performance in many listening situ- duced sound. Both the prediction method and the sound ations. In contrast, more investigation is required in order level controller are based on the concept of a first-order to better understand and create a valid model of sound prediction model GM(1, 1) derived from the grey systems externalization. theory (GST). The paper presents the results of simula- ??? tion calculations for different parameters of the prediction model and configurations of sound level adjustment. Duration Time Discrimination of Ultrashort Acoustic Pulses ??? Majka Marcin1, [email protected] The Study of the Usefulness Martinson Karolina1, [email protected] of Acoustic Parameters of Speech of Stutterers Kamisiński Tadeusz2, [email protected] Malczyk, Grażyna Zieliński Piotr1, [email protected] Wszołek Wiesław, [email protected] 1 Department of Structure Research of Condensed Matter AGH University of Science and Technology The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics Kraków, Poland Polish Academy of Sciences Kraków, Poland Speech is one of many ways of communicating informa- 2 Department of Mechanics and Vibroacoustics tion. it is an intellectual process.. In the case of people stut- AGH University of Science and Technology tering communication is very difficult, sometimes even im- Kraków, Poland possible.. Stuttering makes it impossible to move smoothly This paper demonstrates that an effective pitch can be from one articulation to the other, as well as maintaining attributed to acoustic signals shorter then tenths of mil- proper tempo, rhythm and intonation of speech This disor- liseconds. A power-law dependence of this pitch on the der is caused by, among other things spasticity respiratory signal’s duration time is found for subjects tested with muscle movement, phonation and articulation and the lack Gaussian pulses. The discrimination threshold for the pulse of proper coordination, or incoordination of the entire respi- duration time reported on the basis of the effective pitch ratory and articulatory. They are classified as clonic stut- increases proportionally to the duration time itself, i.e. tering, or the repetition of these sounds, syllables, words it follows the Weber-Fechner law. A model based on the or phrases, or as a tonic blocking, which is the inability “Helmholtz’s harp” idea, i.e. a series of damped resonators to notice the sound, desire, and at the same time the im- tuned in the audible range of frequencies reveals the mech- possibility of extraction speak. Pathological stuttering is anism of producing a maximum in the filtered spectrum accompanied by physiological symptoms, often combined of the pulse and corroborates the power law in the depen- with body movements, facial, hyperactivity and spasticity, dence of the position of the maximum on the duration time emotional influencing language and social communication, of the pulse. The model indicates a possibility of a man- where the inability to smooth the notice will lead to ten- made device designed to determine durations so short that sion and stress associated with speaking up and logophobia. they are inaccessible by direct measurements. The paper presents the research methodology, the results of which will get to know the phenomenon of stuttering in ??? the voice channel (larynx),it also supports the process of Sound Level Control Based on Grey System rehabilitation of people stuttering. Theory for the Protection Against Hearing ??? Damage Risk in Music Entertainment Venues The Dynamic Response Makarewicz Grzegorz, [email protected] of the Basal Membrane to Short Acoustic Pulses Lewandowski Marcin, [email protected] Martinson Karolina1, [email protected] Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology Majka Marcin1, [email protected] Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology Rubacha Jarosław2, [email protected] Warsaw University of Technology Kamisiński Tadeusz2, [email protected] Warszawa, Poland Zieliński Piotr1, [email protected] The personnel of entertainment venues are often ex- 1 Division of Condensed Matter Physics posed to music exceeding the maximum permissible sound Institute of Nuclear Physics levels specified in occupational safety and health standards Polish Academy of Sciences to protect the employees against excessive, harmful expo- Kraków, Poland sure to noise. As communication medium and source of 2 Department of Mechanics and Vibroacoustics aesthetic experience, music is not usually associated with AGH University of Science and Technology noise – a term denoting an unwanted, annoying sound – Kraków, Poland therefore the sound levels of music are not monitored in most venues. As a result, both the personnel and the audi- We present results of studies of extremely short acous- ence are often exposed to sound levels from loudspeakers or tic pulses as recorded by an artificial ear in an anechoic headphones that pose high risk of hearing damage. In this chamber. Two types of ultrashort acoustic pulses have been paper we propose a solution intended to reduce the risk of used: cosine signal with the Gaussian envelope and the hearing damage by predicting the daily noise exposure level Gaussian envelope itself. All pulses had duration times be- 562 Archives of Acoustics – Volume 43, Number 3, 2018 tween 0.14 ms and 27.21 ms. The recorded spectra exhib- Speech Intelligibility and A-weighted Sound ited a maximum whose position shifted towards higher fre- Pressure Level of Speech During Occasional quencies with decreasing duration time. This corroborates Connection of Conference Rooms the concept of effective pitch sensation produced by pulses Mikulski Witold, [email protected] beyond the uncertainty principle. Two mathematical mod- els have been used to reveal the reaction of the basilar Central Institute for Labour Protection membrane to the pulses and their distortions by electronic – National Research Institute devices. Warszawa, Poland ??? In conference complexes, rooms are occasionally com- Active Vibration Control bined to create one larger room. The acoustic properties of Rectangular Plate Using Smart Materials of such a combined room may differ from the acoustic properties of unconnected rooms. In most cases, the com- Mierzejewski Konrad, [email protected] bined room is disproportionate wider or more often dis- Leniowska Lucyna, [email protected] proportionately longer while maintaining the same height. Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering The effect of increasing the size of the room is larger dis- University of Rzeszów tance of listeners from the lecturer. This results in a reduc- Rzeszów, Poland tion of the A-weighted sound pressure level of the speech The article concerns the problem of searching the effec- reaching the listeners. It is interesting how this combina- tive controller design method to suppress the vibration of tion of rooms influences the speech intelligibility in the rectangular plate clamped at the edge. The paper presents rooms, where no sound equipment was used. The article active vibration reduction system, in which the smart ma- presents the results of calculations of acoustic properties terials such as the collocated MFC sensor and actuator are of combined and unconnected rooms. The quantities used used for vibration cancelation. For the considered system, for a room rating are the reverberation time, distribution the ARX method of discrete-time model identification for of the speech transmission index STI in the room and dis- real-time active vibration control has been applied. On the tribution of the A-weighted sound pressure level of speech basis of this model, the control algorithm has been devel- in a room. The research was carried out on the example of oped. The correctness and effectiveness of the regulator a real small conference complex. has been verified using different measuring techniques, in- ??? cluding scanning vibratometer. The simulation results show that the designed structure of a close-loop system provides Poroelastic Road Surface – a Promising Road substantial vibration suppression. Traffic Noise Abatement Solution ??? Mioduszewski Piotr, [email protected] Method to Determine Sound Insulation Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of Enclosure in the 8–50 kHz Frequency Range Gdańsk University of Technology Mikulski Witold, [email protected] Gdańsk, Poland Central Institute for Labour Protection Road surfaces have a direct impact on the generation – National Research Institute of noise by rolling tyres, the main and dominant source Warszawa, Poland of noise of moving vehicles, as well as may affect prop- Emission of ultrasonic noise from sources have been agation of noise emitted by all noise sources of a vehicle. studied for many years at the Central Institute for Labour Thus there is no doubt that pavement should be considered Protection – National Research Institute. In the near fu- as one of the major potential road traffic noise abatement ture, the works will concern soundproof enclosures for the measure. sources. In this area it’s important to determine sound in- Low noise pavements of existing types may in new con- sulation by the enclosure. Currently used methods to deter- ditions provide up to 8 dB of noise reduction but the reduc- mine acoustic insulation are in the frequency range up to tion decreases with time, usually 0.5–1.0 dB per year. For 8 kHz. The article shows the methods to determine sound higher noise reductions an innovative solution like poroelas- insulation of enclosures in frequency range from 10 kHz tic road surface (PERS) must considered. PERS is a porous to 40 kHz. The paper shows two kinds of methods: sound wearing course with a high content of interconnected voids power insulation and sound pressure insulation. Both of and with an elasticity due to the significant amount of them are based on using special laboratory sound source. rubber (virgin material or recycled) in the aggregate vo- This source was built in Central Institute for Labour Pro- lume. tection – National Research Institute. Both parameters are The paper presents the state-of-the-art of poroelastic determined by measurements in the anechoic chamber on road surfaces including the results of noise measurements the reflecting floor. Source and enclosure were placed on re- performed on experimental test sections of this pavement in flecting floor or on special laboratory table to determine comparison to typical road surfaces. An impressive traffic sound power insulation or to determine sound pressure in- noise reductions up to 12 dB can be achieved using PERS sulation. In the article was also given result of measurement but its insufficient durability is the most important issue to tested wood sound enclosure. be solved before this type of pavement will be widely used. ??? ??? Chronicle – Joint Conference – ACOUSTICS 2018 563

Aircraft Lining Panels with Low-Cost Hardware suggest that the MHE effect, largely evidenced in auditory for Active Noise Reduction tasks based upon reduced and semantic listening, is much less pronounced in the causal mode of listening. Misol Malte, [email protected] Algermissen Stephan, [email protected] ??? Rose Michael, [email protected] Monner Hans Peter, [email protected] The Method of Soundscape Evaluation of Selected Urban Parks in Poland Institute of Composite Structures and Adaptive Systems German Aerospace Center Miterska Magdalena, [email protected] Braunschweig, Germany Kompała Janusz, [email protected] Passive structures are augmented with actuators, sen- Department of Technical Acoustic and Laser Technique sors and control to implement the task of active noise or Central Mining Institute vibration reduction. Such systems are considered smart be- Katowice, Poland cause they have advanced functionalities compared to con- This paper presents the results of objective measure- ventional structures. A smart aircraft lining is able to re- ments in urban parks in Poland. The main aim of the sur- duce the low frequency cabin noise induced by tonal or vey was to evaluate the minimum and the maximum of multi-tonal external noise sources. Such noise sources are the sound level in urban open public spaces. The evalu- for example fuel-efficient rotor engines like counter-rotating ation component was the scope of changes in the sound open rotors. Research on smart systems starts on a labora- level in parks compared to the spread of the sound level tory scale by using low-noise sensors and high-performance values on selected cities’ streets near parks. The measure- rapid control prototyping systems. The replacement of such ments were taken in 44 urban parks in 7 cities. Although costly and bulky laboratory hardware is one important pre- some differences have been found, it was possible to esti- condition for the commercialization of smart structures. mate the soundscape of the city and urban parks in every The increased internal noise, the reduced computational one of them. Among the measured parks, the largest range performance and other restrictions of low-cost hardware of sound level occurred in the Dąbrowski Park in Poznań – must be taken into account during the design of a smart sys- this park is situated next to the Stary Browar. The small- tem. Experimental results on the noise reduction of a smart est range of sound level among the parks has been noticed lining with low-cost hardware show that a replacement of in the Bogucice Park in Katowice. The largest differences laboratory hardware will not lead to a loss of performance. in noise levels have been found in in the city centers of The smart lining achieves tonal interior sound pressure Kraków and Wrocław. The findings show that the objec- level reductions of up to 25 dB with a mass increase of only tive measured range between the minimum and the maxi- 2%. Even a mass neutral implementation seems possible, if mum sound level may be another factor for the subjective conventional loudspeaker-driven passenger announcements evaluation of the soundscape in urban open public spaces. are realized with smart linings. ??? ??? The Methods of Measurement of Acoustic Musician Hearing Enhancement: Parameters of IEC 60318-1 Ear Simulators Where and When It Occurs? Młyńska Aleksandra, [email protected] Miśkiewicz Andrzej, [email protected] Dobrowolska Danuta, [email protected] Chair of Musical Acoustics Laboratory of Acoustics and Vibration Department of Sound Engineering Central Office of Measures Fryderyk Chopin University of Music Warszawa, Poland Warszawa, Poland Ear simulators, often called “artificial ears”, are impor- Numerous studies suggests that musical training devel- tant devices for objective evaluation of the acoustic per- ops not only musical hearing abilities, but also enhances formance of supra-aural and circumaural earphones, used various non-musical auditory skills. The advantage of mu- for example in audiometry and telephonometry. They are sicians over non-musicians in auditory tasks not related to widely used for calibration of audiometric equipment. In music has been known as the musician hearing enhance- the paper the methodology for calibration of ear simulators ment (MHE) effect. This paper argues that the occurrence specified in IEC 60318-1, implemented in Central Office of of MHE and the degree to which the MHE effect is pro- Measures, is presented. There are two acoustic parameters nounced depend on the mode of listening, a concept repre- that should be determined during calibration: the acous- senting the subject’s listening strategy, related to the pur- tical impedance of ear simulator and the overall pressure pose of listening and the type of sounds being listened to. sensitivity level of the ear simulator’s microphone and asso- The modes of listening have been divided into three cat- ciated measuring system. Different measurement methods egories in the literature: 1) the causal mode, focused on for determination of these parameters have been investi- auditory orientation in the environment, 2) the reduced gated and the preliminary results of measurements as well mode, focused on extracting the meanings conveyed by the as assessment of the selected ear simulators are presented. sounds by means of a certain code, 3) the semantic mode The measurement set-ups and problems that may occur aimed at the perception of the inherent sonic character- during calibration are also discussed. istics with no connotations to any sound sources. Recent studies of the recognition of environmental sound sources ??? 564 Archives of Acoustics – Volume 43, Number 3, 2018

Evaluation of Acoustic Properties of Sound tests are presented and discussed along with objective mea- Insulating Enclosure with Actively Controlled surements of unprocessed and reference audio signal. Double-Panel Structure Using Various Measuring Techniques ??? Morzyński Leszek, [email protected] Determination of Airborne Sound Insulation Szczepański Grzegorz by Reference Curve Method. Are Reference Curves Zawieska Wiktor Marek Still Useful in the Context of New Building Materials? Central Institute for Labour Protection – National Research Institute Neubauer Reinhard O., [email protected] Warszawa, Poland IBN Bauphysik GmbH & Co. KG Ingolstadt, Germany In this article evaluation of acoustic properties of sound insulating enclosure with actively controlled double-panel For the description of airborne sound insulation, structure in one wall is described. The structure consists a frequency-dependent sound insulation standard R [dB] of two fully clamped aluminum plates with dimensions is generally used. It is defined by the logarithmic ratio 40 × 60 cm. Sound transmission through the structure is re- of the sound output on one side of a component to the duced by using active structural acoustic control (ASAC) sound power emitted on the other side. To get a practi- technique. In described structure the FxLMS algorithm, cal measure a single value is generated from the frequency two inertial actuators, two macro-fiber composite (MFC) course of the sound insulation, the so-called sound insula- 0 sensors and virtual error microphone technique have been tion standard Rw or Rw. The reference curve has the ideal- used. Acoustic properties of the enclosure, for tonal signals ized course of the sound insulation dimension of a full brick at the selected frequencies, were evaluated during tests in wall 25 cm thick. The measured sound insulation measure the semi-anechoic chamber using different measuring tech- is then the value of the shifted reference curve at 500 Hz. niques. The performance of ASAC was assessed by measur- This reference method was established in the 50th based on ing sound pressure level at the virtual microphone site and heavy materials and heavy constructions. Nowadays, how- at selected locations in the chamber. Sound radiation from ever, due to thermal demand of the building, materials and the enclosure and especially from the double-panel struc- constructions are getting lighter and more complicated, i.e. ture were analysed by using acoustic camera and Scan & compound martials. Also, the single number value of a con- Paint 3D measuring system. struction is the same the subjective impression is not. This is due to the method of how the individual number evalu- ??? ation is performed This paper discusses the method of ob- Automatic Audio Mastering System taining a single number quantity in conjunction with new materials. Najduchowski Eryk, [email protected] ??? Lewandowski Marcin, [email protected] Bobiński Piotr, [email protected] An Index-Based Method for the Assessment of the Acoustic Quality of Public Spaces Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology Nowicka Elżbieta, [email protected] Warsaw University of Technology Building Research Instiutute Warszawa, Poland Warszawa, Poland The modern music production process requires multiple The acoustic quality of many spaces is often a prob- steps of digital signal processing such as audio frequency re- lem that confronts the designer. Ensuring adequate speech sponse equalization or dynamic range compression. In order reception in different spaces is one of the key factors deter- to process the original audio material the mastering engi- mining the acoustic quality of a space, which is determined neer controls the parameters of these processing algorithms on the basis of the reception of speech sounds. There are with respect to genre and style of audio content. Main pur- numerous parameters and methods that express or deter- pose of this processing is to aesthetically enhance perceived mine the acoustic quality of public spaces; however, many acoustic characteristics of the signals. The selection and the of them fail to take into account the special nature of spe- adjustment of these parameters relies on the continuous cial shaped spaces. interaction between the audio mastering engineer and the Speech intelligibility is one of the key factors deter- apparatus that handles the audio signals. Modelling such mining the acoustic quality of spaces. Ensuring adequate dynamic operations becomes very important in automated speech reception is often one of the key challenges that the applications. In this work we present a system which auto- designer has to tackle. Consequently, expertise necessary to matically enhances unprocessed audio signal with respect select proper parameters to achieve best acoustic quality of to the specific parameters of the reference audio material. a space, at the design stage, is still insufficient. These parameters are obtained through analysis of mag- The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the possibility nitude spectrum (spectral roll-off point and energy calcu- of developing an index-based method for the assessment lated for specified frequency bands), amplitude histogram, of the acoustic quality of special shaped spaces that takes audio content tempo, signal envelope’s timing features and into account the architectural and acoustic properties of LUFS parameter. Results from conducted online listening spaces. The paper also claims that it is possible to select Chronicle – Joint Conference – ACOUSTICS 2018 565 such a reverberation time and to arrange sound-absorbing linear array transducer. The normalization of FMD to shear and sound-scattering structures in such a way as to make rate was done by dividing the peak FMD by the AUC-SR. the acoustic quality of that space suitable for the purposes In-group of 12 healthy volunteers, FMD was 15 ± 4.8%, and of the reproduction of speech sounds. in-group of 14 CAD patients, FMD was significantly less at 4.6 ± 4%. A similar difference in tests groups was observed ??? after normalizing to account for the effect of time integral The Value of Flow Mediated Dilation of shear rate. Specifically, the ratio FMD/SR, was equal to in Prediction of Vascular Disorders 5.36 ± 4.83·10–4 in group I and 1.3 ± 0.89·10–4 in group II. The results confirm the usefulness of the proposed mea- Nowicki Andrzej, [email protected] surements of radial artery FMD and SR in differentiation Gambin Barbara, Trawiński Zbigniew of normal subjects from those with CAD. Secomski Wojciech, Szubielski Michał Olszewski Robert ??? Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Weighted Reduction of Impact Sound Pressure Polish Academy of Science Level for Floating Floor According Warszawa, Poland to ISO Standard and Laboratory Measurements Endothelial monolayer plays important role in anti- Nowotny Łukasz, [email protected] inflammatory and vasoregulatory functions. It has been Department of Thermal Physics shown in numerous studies the increase of vessel dilation Acoustics and Environment after sudden increase of blood flow/ shear stress in the ves- Building Research Institute sel after several minutes hyperemia, so after “mechanical” Warszawa, Poland stimulation of the endothelium. Most of the reported re- search was conducted on the brachial artery. We are propos- Insufficient impact sound insulation of floors in present ing measuring flow mediated dilation FMD and shear rate architecture has been a frequent issue reported by owners of SR in the radial artery exhibiting higher FMD than the flats sold in past few years. Floating floor is one of few ways one in the brachial artery. In order to improve the mea- to improve this kind of insulation, as well as to increase surements precision of vessel diameter and blood flow we the airborne sound insulation of the ceiling. A revision of have designed a high-frequency scanning system consist- EN ISO 12354-2 standard published by the end of 2017 ing of a 20 MHz linear array transducer combined with brings new formula used to calculate weighted reduction of 20 MHz pulsed Doppler probe The degree of radial artery impact sound pressure level for floating floor screeds made FMD an SR was evaluated in 14 healthy volunteers and 12 of sand/cement or calcium-sulfate. The aim of this study patients with chronic coronary artery disease CAD. Statis- is to point and discuss the differences between new and tically significant differences in FMD and SR between the old formula, both compared to laboratory measurements two groups were confirmed by a Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney carried out in Building Research Institute (ITB). AUCs of ROC curves for FMD and FMD/SR were greater than 0.9. The results confirm the usefulness of the proposed ??? measurements of radial artery FMD and SR in differentia- New Acoustic Classification Scheme tion of normal subjects from those with chronic CAD. for Residential Buildings in Poland ??? Nurzyński Jacek, [email protected] Ultrasonic Imaging of Radial Artery Department of Acoustics Reactive Response Building Research Institute Warszawa, Poland Nowicki Andrzej, [email protected] Gambin Barbara, Trawiński Zbigniew Acoustic quality of a dwelling plays pivotal role in its Secomski Wojciech, Szubielski Michał overall ranking. Dwelling, from a customer and final user Parol Marzena, Olszewski Robert view point, is a basic, but very expensive product so its Institute of Fundamental Technological Research properties should be well defined and customized to indi- Polish Academy of Science vidual needs and expectations. Besides, the acoustic perfor- Warszawa, Poland mance of a building should be adjusted to its general class, whereas in practice luxury apartments with poor acous- A comparison of 7 MHz and 20 MHz scanners for flow tics are quite frequent. Since acoustic quality as a whole mediated dilation (FMD) and shear rate (SR) measure- depends on different parameters, there is a need for an ments in radial artery is reported. The experiments proved effective assessment tool transforming them into a single over three times better resolution of the high frequency number quantity. The paper presents new acoustic classifi- 20 MHz scanner over the 7 MHz one. The sensitivity of the cation scheme for multifamily buildings in Poland. It takes external single transducer 20 MHz pulse Doppler proved to into account all basic acoustic factors that contribute to be over 20 dB better than the pulse Doppler incorporated the holistic evaluation of a flat. Single number indicators into linear 7 MHz linear array. 12 healthy volunteers and selected for the assessment of airborne and impact sound 14 patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) insulation, noise level and reverberant conditions, as well were included. The Imaging/Doppler system was modified as their threshold values are discussed. They should be by adding the single element 20 MHz pulse Doppler to the well balanced and harmonized for each building class. As 566 Archives of Acoustics – Volume 43, Number 3, 2018 the acoustical characteristics of residential environment de- Microcystis bloom and surface scum formation. We found pends on a building itself and also on conditions prevailing that gas-containing Microcystis colonies are strong acoustic in its surroundings, the next step is to develop an acoustic backscatterers at ultrasound frequencies. This allowed de- categorization for residential areas. veloping a novel approach for in situ quantification and of Microcystis populations. Dynamics of echo-reflecting layer ??? monitored with the bottom-mounted ADCP showed dis- Crosstalk Effect in Medical Ultrasound tinct near-diurnal vertical fluctuations caused by vertical Tomography Imaging migration of the cyanobacterium in response to develop- ment of diurnal thermocline in late winter – early spring Opieliński Krzysztof J., [email protected] 2013, 2017 and 2018. During the periods of Microcystis Celmer Mateusz, [email protected] bloom volume backscattering strength in the water col- Bolejko Romuald, [email protected] umn was quantified with the echosounder EY60 and cal- Faculty of Electronics ibrated versus fluorometrically measured chl-a concentra- Wrocław University of Science and Technology tion (a proxy of Microcystis biomass during the bloom de- Wrocław, Poland velopment). We investigated the process of surface scum formation in relation to physical forces and water motions The ultrasound tomography (UT) is a modern method and concluded that formation of surface scums plays im- of medical imaging that has been intensively developed portant role in enlargement of Microcystis biomass in lakes. recently to diagnose female breasts in vivo. This method Our study showed that hydroacoustic methods can be suc- makes it possible to acquire images in various ultrasound cessfully used for in situ investigations of spatiotemporal modalities simultaneously – both transmission and reflec- variability of the gas-containing cyanobacteria. tion ones, without any focusing. Therefore, the ultrasound intensity level when scanning individual coronal breast sec- ??? tions is relatively low. Data for reconstruction of images Underwater Navigation System Based are obtained by means of a multi-element array of small on Doppler Shifts of a Continuous Wave piezoceramic transducers spaced evenly on the inner side of the ring surrounding the breast immersed in water. The Ostrowski Zawisza, [email protected] main problem with such arrangements is the occurrence of Marszal Jacek, [email protected] crosstalk, which introduce specific errors to measurement Salamon Roman, [email protected] data. Crosstalk is a result of deficiency in electrical or me- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications chanical isolation between array elements. Such errors lead and Informatics to distortions in the reconstructed images. In the paper, the Gdańsk University of Technology effect of crosstalk in the ultrasound tomography ring ar- Gdańsk, Poland ray was examined and analysed. The influence of crosstalk The paper describes a concept of an underwater naviga- on the reconstructed images of the breast structure was tion system designed to determine the location and speed of shown, as well. Conducted studies enabled the detection of its ROVs or divers. Conducted by the Department of Ma- the sources and paths of crosstalk and, as a consequence, it rine Electronic Systems at the Gdańsk University of Tech- allowed to improve the design of the multi-element ultra- nology for several years, research has focused on navigation sonic transducer ring array and to reduce crosstalk. systems which determine positions on the basis of Doppler ??? shifts of echo signals reflected from a moving object. This article presents a different version of such a system. With Implementation of Acoustic Methodology a source of a sinusoidal acoustic wave placed on a moving for Investigation of The Ecology object, four hydrophones, transmitting and receiving elec- of Gas-Containing Toxic Cyanobacterium tronics and a computer, the system determines Doppler de- Microcystis sp. viations of the received signals and calculates the position Ostrovsky Ilia1, [email protected] and speed of the moving object. Simulation studies have Uzhanskii Ernst2, Katsnelson Boris2 shown that the system can offer an alternative solution for Kaganovsky Semion1 tracking its underwater objects. 1 Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research ??? Kinneret Limnological Laboratory Ultrasound Propagation in Cancellous Bone: Migdal, Israel Theory and Experiment 2 University of Haifa Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences Pakula Michał, [email protected] Haifa, Israel Institute of Mechanics and Computer Science Kazmimierz Wielki University Toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis sp. affects function- Bydgoszcz, Poland ing of aquatic ecosystems and water quality. New remote sensing approaches need to be developed for in situ study The paper present theoretical and experimental issues of Microcystis bloom development. The aims our work were related to application of Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) to display the advantages of hydroacoustic techniques for for potential assessment of cancellous bone quality and in situ studying the gas-containing cyanobacterium Micro- prediction of bone fractures. Commonly used for model- cystis sp. and to examine the role of physical factors in ing of ultrasonic wave propagation in cancellous bone, the Chronicle – Joint Conference – ACOUSTICS 2018 567 macroscopic Biot’s theory and its various modifications are Also, an attempt was made to find out useful parameters discussed in context of its applicability for theoretical pre- for esophageal speech quality description. We discovered diction of wave parameters: phase velocity and attenuation that some parameters responsible for speech intelligibility coefficient as function of frequency and porosity. are similar to those in natural human voice. Another con- The analysis of the model is focused on the absorption clusion drawn is a possibility of voice quality assessment by and scattering mechanisms responsible for wave attenua- using glottal flow characteristics. The results are promising, tion and dispersion in cancellous bone, which based on the showing the potential of the proposed methods in monitor- ultrasonic experiments, play a predominant role in the to- ing voice rehabilitation process. tal attenuation. Moreover, the problem of interaction of the ??? ultrasonic wave with the slab of water saturated cancellous bone, modeled as a saturated porous material, is solved and ADCP Observations of Diel Vertical Migration its influence on the total signal loss is considered. of Biological Layers in Gulf of Gdańsk The suitability of the model is discussed and verified by Pezacki Patryk1, [email protected] comparison of results of sensitivity analysis of the model Gorska Natalia1, [email protected] with in vitro experimental ultrasonic data for cancellous Rak Daniel2, [email protected] bones filled with different fluids obtained for the frequencies 1 ranged from 0.2 to 3 MHz. Faculty of Oceanography and Geography University of Gdańsk ??? Gdynia, Poland 2 Institute of Oceanology Comparison of Different Methods of Acoustic Polish Academy of Science Signal Detection for Monitoring of Nocturnal Birds Sopot, Poland Pamuła Hanna, [email protected] The study of Diel Vertical Migration (DVM) of bio- Kłaczyński Maciej, [email protected] logical organisms is important for better understanding of AGH University of Science and Technology different aspects of Baltic Sea ecosystem functioning, in- Kraków, Poland cluding the behaviour of biological organisms as well as marine carbon budget, which could be under DVM impact. Monitoring birds migrating during a night is a very Ecosystem of semi enclosed Baltic Sea is especially sensitive challenging task. Modern technologies such as radar de- to human impact. Its monitoring is important and requires tection, thermal imaging and acoustic recordings are more rapid, relatively effortless and non-invasive techniques. Hy- and more used. The latter is especially interesting as the droacoustic methods meet these requirements. The main sound recording devices are the most cost-effective option objectives of our research was, basing on hydroacoustic so many attempts are made to develop new methods of technique, to determine the DVM velocities of Baltic bi- processing of such signal. ological organisms and understand the impact of environ- In the article we present different parameters which can mental factors (salinity, temperature) on the magnitude describe calls of migrating birds. We discuss the choice and of the Diel Vertical Migration. The ADCP data (volume reduction of parameters and then different classification backscattering strength and the DVM velocities), collected methods, from simple ones – like logistic regression mod- near Hel Peninsula from April 05, 2014, to April 06, 2014, els – to more complicated models of machine learning such were used in the analysis. The ADCP, working at the fre- as: support vector machines, neural networks, k-neighbours quency 300 kHz, was placed on a seabed. Three methods models or decision trees. Obtained results show that acous- differing in used measurement data, were applied to de- tic recordings are promising methods of an extension of termine the DVM velocities. The distinction between the standard bird monitoring techniques. results obtained using different methods was discussed. ??? ??? Parametric Assessment of Esophageal Speech Noise in the Arctic Settlements in Post-Laryngectomy Patients Piechowicz Janusz, [email protected] 1 Pamuła Hanna , [email protected] Wiciak Jerzy, [email protected] 1 Gawlik Mateusz , [email protected] Czopek Dorota, [email protected] 2 Fabczak Alina Magdalena , magdala [email protected] Małecki Paweł, [email protected] Wszołek Wiesław1, [email protected] Department of Mechanics and Vibroacoustics 1 Department of Mechanics and Vibroacoustics AGH University of Science and Technology AGH University of Science and Technology Kraków, Poland Krakow, Poland 2 Regional Polyclinical Hospital In the remote regions of the Arctic Spitsbergen there Bialystok, Poland are four settlements inhabited by people and one ghost city, without the presence of residents. Where there is a human In this paper, we present the analysis of esophageal being, there are also sources of noise. They occur in par- speech recorded for 27 patients after larynx excision. Clas- allel with natural sound sources. In the article, we want sical time-frequency parameters were determined and com- to present problems related to noisy human activity in pared with undeformed, natural speech. Next, we described these difficult areas in terms of climatic conditions. Acous- voice source parameters using inverse filtering techniques. tic studies of traffic and industrial noise are presented in the 568 Archives of Acoustics – Volume 43, Number 3, 2018 area of Longyearbyen, the capital city of Spitsbergen. The method is a novel diagnostic approach with great potential influence of nature sounds on the acoustic climate of the to improve outcomes for breast cancer patients. The aim of settlement is shown. The results of sound measurements in this study was to analyse the variability of the integrated other locations such as Pyramiden and Barentsburg are backscatter coefficient (IBSC) in the context of the assess- also presented. In the final part the what if analysis is ment of changes in tumour tissue structure resulting from shown for noise problems in the developing Longyearbyen chemotherapy, and to evaluate use of IBSC to predict the environment. effectiveness of treatment. Ultrasound data (B-mode im- ages and raw ultrasonic radio frequency signals RF) were ??? collected from cancerous tumours from patients intended The Risk of Asymmetrical Noise Exposure to NAC before starting treatment and a week after each Among Music Students chemotherapy dose. Data were processed to generate IBSC maps and to determine IBSC mean values. The assessment Pietrzak Agnieszka Paula, [email protected] of tumours using IBSC, in comparison with histopatholog- Żera Jan, [email protected] ical verification, showed that IBSC changes can be associ- Makarewicz Grzegorz, [email protected] ated with changes which tumor structure changes during Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology NAC. IBSC analysis correlated better with the results of Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology histopathological verification than B-mode imaging. Warsaw Institute of Technology ??? Warszawa, Poland Acoustics Surface Waves in Scientific The amount of sound exposure was measured during and Practical Applications music practice for a group of students at the Fryderyk Chopin University of Music in Warszawa. The measure- Pustelny Tadeusz, Pustelny Barbara ments were taken separately at the left and at the right ear, Silesian University of Technology using a two-channel noise dosimeter. The results show that Gliwice, Poland the sound exposure during rehearsals, concerts and individ- ual practice of music students exceeds in many cases the ??? permissible limit of 85 dB(A). For some instruments (e.g., Vibroacoustic Measurements and Analysis the flute or the trombone) the sound exposure is asymmet- of High Energy Impulses rical, which means that the sound levels are different at the left and at the right ear. Such an exposure may cause an Pyra Józef asymmetrical noise-induced hearing loss reflected by differ- Kłaczyński Maciej, [email protected] ent noise induced permanent threshold shifts (NIPTS) in Department of Mechanics and Vibroacoustics the left and the in the right ear. This paper presents ex- AGH University of Science and Technology amples of sound exposure levels measured in the left and Kraków, Poland in the right ear of various instrumental musicians. Blasting works cause short-term high-energy shock ??? waves – acoustic, air (blow) and paraseismic. The duration of the event can be up to 2–3 s, while the rise time to the Quantitative Ultrasound peak value is directly related to the delay between the indi- for Chemotherapy Monitoring vidual explosive charges (EC) and the firing sequence and Piotrzkowska-Wróblewska Hanna1, ranges from a few to several milliseconds. Their propaga- [email protected] tion in the environment can affect people, animals and con- Klimonda Ziemowit1, [email protected] struction structures located not only in the close but also Dobruch-Sobczak Katarzyna2, [email protected] further distance from their source. If EC is placed on the Karwat Piotr1, [email protected] surface of the earth during the detonation, the shock wave Secomski Wojciech1, [email protected] spreads evenly in all directions in the half-space, and when Litniewski Jerzy1, [email protected] the detonation follows in rock, the wave usually travels in 1 Department of Ultrasound one direction and is accompanied by a paraseismic wave. Institute of Fundamental Technological Research However, the sound heard when detonating is part of the ˙ Polish Academy of Sciences wave spectrum in the band from 20 to 20000 Hz, while the Warszawa, Poland shockwave itself has a frequency of less than 20 Hz. Since 2 Department of Radiology at some distance from the detonated EC, the parameters of Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology M. Sklodowska- the shockwave are close to the parameters of the acoustic Curie Memorial wave, the method of spreading the acoustic wave depends Warszawa, Poland to a great extent on atmospheric conditions, i.e. density, temperature and humidity of the air, and from wind speed Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is used in breast and its direction. To get to know the essence of the phe- cancer patients to reduce tumor size, decrease the risk of nomenon of the impact of blasting works, measurements are local recurrence, and diminish the likelihood of metastases, carried out considering the propagation conditions, i.e. me- all of which reduce patient mortality. Assessment of the teorological conditions as well as vibration analysis in the response to NAC at an early stage of treatment allows ground itself and on the building foundation. This paper therapy to be personalized. The quantitative ultrasound presents the results of research carried out by the Authors Chronicle – Joint Conference – ACOUSTICS 2018 569 in terms of the correct assessment of the impact range of time of a waveform of longitudinal wave traveling across EC detonation placed on the surface. a thin and inhomogeneous body, cross-correlation method of signal processing was proposed and applied. ??? Pilot Studies on the Effects of Tonal Noise ??? Annoyance Impact on Workers Performing Sensitivity to Changes of the Amplitude, Their Primary Tasks the Center Frequency and the Bandwidth Radosz Jan, [email protected] of Formants Imposed Over the Spectrum of Pink Noise Department of Vibroacoustic Hazards Central Institute for Labour Protecion Rogala Tomira, [email protected] – National Research Institute Fryderyk Chopin University of Music Warszawa, Poland Warszawa, Poland Numerous references indicate that the subjectively as- The paper reports the results of an experiment car- sessed annoyance of tonal noise is higher than that of wide ried out to determine the just noticeable timbre changes of band noise. There are no criteria for the impact of tonal pink noise. The variations of timbre were obtained through noise in assessing the occupational environment for both changing the amplitude, the center frequency or the band- indoor areas (construction standards) and workplaces (an- width of a formant imposed over the spectrum of a burst of noyance assessment). As a stressor, noise can contribute pink noise. The difference threshold was measured for each to the development of various types of illnesses (e.g. hy- of the spectral modifications with the use of an adaptive, pertension, peptic ulcers, neurosis), it causes distraction three-interval, three-alternative forced-choice up-down pro- of attention, hinders work, and reduces personnel perfor- cedure. The listeners’ task was to indicate which of the mance. The pilot studies involved 11 people (6 male and three noise bursts presented in a trial was different from 5 female) fulfilling the audiometric qualification criteria. the other two bursts. The experiment was conducted on The group of test participants was diversified in terms of 11 sound engineering students. The results show that the noise sensitivity. The research method used both the ques- difference thresholds for the formant parameters vary de- tionnaire studies and computer psychological tests checking pending on the frequency region in which the formant is work performance, attention level, and memory. Four types imposed. The results obtained with the use of an adap- of generated test signals were developed (filtered noise – A, tive procedure are in fairly good agreement with similar and three signals with tonal components 125 Hz, 1600 Hz measurements made with the use of a constant stimulus and 8000 Hz – B, C, and D) at the same sound level A psychophysical procedure in a previous study. The present of 55 dB. Results of the statistical analysis based on the results will serve as reference for the measurements of the questionnaire studies, as well as for the psychological tests, sensitivity of sound engineering students to spectral modi- did not show a statistically significant variation between fications of music recordings. individual signals. The absence of variation in test results between the individual signals presented in the statistical ??? analysis does not give any reasons for applying correction of tonality measurement results according to ISO 1996-2. Using a Large Hydrophone Array to Reduce Rapid Fluctuations ??? in Underwater Acoustic Communication Channels Investigation of Acoustic Properties Rudander Jacob1, 2, of Fibre-Cement Boards [email protected] 1 1, 2 3 Ranachowski Zbigniew1, [email protected] Husøy Thor , Orten P˚al , Van Walree Paul 2 Schabowicz Krzysztof 1 Kongsberg Maritime 2 Gorzelańczyk Tomasz Horten, Norway 1 Lewandowski Marcin 2 Oslo University 1 Cacko Damian Oslo, Norway 1 Katz Tomasz 3 Norwegian Defence Research Establishment 1 Dębowski Tomasz Horten, Norway 1 Experimental Mechanics Division There is an expected growth in underwater acoustic Institute of Fundamental Technological Research data traffic, and to meet the demand of high data through- Polish Academy of Sciences put a migration towards the very high frequency band Warszawa, Poland (>100 kHz) will be necessary. The increment in frequency 2 Faculty of Civil Engineering comes with two problems; higher propagation losses, and Wrocław University of Science and Technology rapid channel fluctuations. One solution addressing both of Wrocław, Poland these obstacles is the use of large hydrophone arrays. The The paper describes two different techniques of ultra- increment in array gain can compensate for the increased sound measurements performed in fibre-cement boards, the path loss and channel variations can be reduced by means material widely applied in building technology. An in-house of spatial filtering or by the fact that uncorrelated fluctu- device dedicated for fibre-cement boards testing is also pre- ations can be averaged out over the hydrophone array. We sented. To overcome the difficulty of determining the arrival will in this paper examine this reduction in fluctuation for 570 Archives of Acoustics – Volume 43, Number 3, 2018 large hydrophone arrays. Using data from a shallow water were included, which were compared with the quality of the very high frequency (250 kHz) channel we will show that SISO system. a reduction in channel fluctuations indeed occurs. Relaxing the need for rapid equalizer convergence rate, and that this ??? effect can be achieved with a few tens of hydrophones. An Integrated Mechatronic Modelling, Simulation, ??? and Optimization Approach for the Customized Design of Active Vibration Damping Solutions Experimental Studies of Shallow Water Acoustic Noise Correlation Properties Schrock¨ Johannes, [email protected] Schrogenhumer¨ Markus, Rudnicki Mariusz, [email protected] [email protected] Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications Weitzhofer Simon, Passenbrunner Josef and Informatics Nader Manfred Gdańsk University of Technology Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH Gdańsk, Poland Linz, Austria The article presents works related to examining the cor- A crucial factor for the effective implementation of ac- relation properties of acoustic noise occurring in shallow tive vibration damping is the application of suitable ac- waters. Knowledge of these properties is very important tuators operating at optimal locations, combined with an from the point of view of designing passive and active hy- appropriate control strategy. The actuators have to provide droacoustic systems. The experimental approach was based the required characteristics in view of the applied force in on the rejection of generally accepted assumptions, regard- the relevant frequency domain. Additional restrictions such ing the noise correlation properties, at the stage of simu- as dimensions, energy consumption, or costs of the sys- lation and design of sonar systems. At the initial process- tem have to be accounted for. Hence, the determination ing stage of measurement signals, the Cut Noise Envelope of an optimized tailor-made solution for a vibration damp- (CUTE) algorithm, developed at the Department of Marine ing problem is of multi-objective character and cannot be Electronic Systems at the Gdańsk University of Technol- achieved without consideration of the particular applica- ogy, was used. The article describes in detail the successive tion. In this contribution, a holistic approach for the op- stages of the main processing algorithm of the measured timal design of vibration damping solutions is presented, signals, discusses and presents the results of research. taking into account the specific requirements of the consid- ??? ered application and including the mechanical system, the actuators, as well as the control strategy. The approach is Derivation of Thermophysical, Caloric realised within the simulation and optimization framework and Acoustic Properties SyMSpace and applied to an existing use case representing of 1-butyl or 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium a general vibration damping task based on electromagnetic bis(triflluoromethylsulfonyl)imide actuators and an adaptive control strategy. Special atten- at the Wide Range tion is given to both the modelling and optimization work Safarov Javid, Hamidova Rena, Hassel Egon flow in SyMSpace as well as the experimental setup of the University of Rostock use case for the assessment of the results. Rostock, Germany ??? ??? Reduction of Tyre/Road Noise Due to Application Multiple Input, Multiple Output Technique of Thin Pavement Layers for Underwater Acoustic Communication System Schulze Christian, [email protected] Schmidt Jan H., [email protected] Kluth Sebastian, Ruhnau Mirko Schmidt Aleksander M., [email protected] Hubelt¨ J¨orn, Bartolomaeus Wolfram Kochańska Iwona, [email protected] Gesellschaft f¨urAkustikforschung Dresden mbH Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications Dresden, Germany and Informatics An increasing problem of modern times is the noise Gdańsk University of Technology pollution due to tyre/road noise caused by increasing traf- Gdańsk, Poland fic density. Primary noise reduction strategies attempt to The performance of underwater acoustic communica- reduce the noise generation at the contact area of tire tion (UAC) system is limited due to a tough propaga- and road. Within the present work, the physical effects tion conditions in UAC channel. Multiple-Input Multiple- of the noise reduction of thin pavement layers were ex- Output (MIMO) technique can improve the reliability of amined. Therefore, acoustical measurements according to the data transmission system, increase its speed, increase ISO 11819-1 and ISO 11819-2 as well as measurements of its range, and reduce the energy consumption. The paper the properties of the road surface (texture profiles, sound presents an implementation method of MIMO technique absorption coefficient and specific airflow resistance) were in the form of coding the Space-Time Block Code and its carried out. Using the properties of the road surface as in- optimal case in the form of Alamouti coding. The results put parameters for the SPERoN model (Statistical Physi- of simulation tests in channel with the Rayleigh flat fading cal Explanation of Rolling Noise), the sound imission level Chronicle – Joint Conference – ACOUSTICS 2018 571 next to the road was calculated and compared to the mea- or indivisible vibrations (basic, simple, own), described by surement results. Finally, tendencies for the development modal parameters, i.e. modal frequencies, damping and as- of noise reduced pavements are derived. sociated deformations (modes). In the case of violins and guitars, “mode” means the vibration of the instrument to- ??? gether with the air contained in the resonant body and Sonothrombolysis – Dissolving Thrombi the air surrounding the instrument for a strictly defined by Interaction of the Drug and Ultrasound (modal) frequency. Single copies of instruments of high con- 1 cert or historical value, were studied by means of modal Secomski Wojciech , [email protected] 1 analysis quite often, while in the literature of the prob- Klimonda Ziemowit , [email protected] 2 lem, very little space was devoted to comparative studies Majka Katarzyna , [email protected] 1, 3 of instruments with modified structure. The comparison Olszewski Robert , [email protected] 1 of the modal parameters of two violins and guitars differ- Nowicki Andrzej , [email protected] ing in one intentionally introduced structural modification 1 Department of Ultrasound allows for a description of its impact on the dynamic be- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research haviour of the instrument. Animations of modal envelopes Polish Academy of Sciences reveal the complicated vibrations of top plates being the Warszawa, Poland most efficient acoustic radiators – instruments “dance” in 2 Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopedics each modal frequency by performing specific movements. Military Institute of Medicine in Warszawa Results of experimental modal analysis of modified violins Department of Basic Nursing and guitars will be presented. Medical University of Warszawa Warszawa, Poland ??? 3 Department of Gerontology, Results of Noise, Lighting and Microclimate Public Health and Didactics Assessment at the Workstations in the Hospital National Institute of Geriatrics Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Smagowska Bożena, [email protected], Pleban Dariusz Warszawa, Poland Central Institute for Labour Protection Under the influence of pathological changes, the blood – National Research Institute coagulates inside the blood vessel, creating a thrombus. Warszawa, Poland The thrombus dissolution process is called thrombolysis. Acoustic conditions in hospital premises are the result The aim of the study is to evaluate the thrombolysis pro- of noise coming from outside of the room, noise from any cess by the interaction of the thrombolitic drug and the apparatus or tools used and reverberation noise, result- ultrasound. The clot dissolution process was analysed in ing from room characteristics. Acoustic factors could have the specially designed, transparent for ultrasound paral- some negative effects on an employee, causing i.e. irritation, lel plate flow chamber. Inside, a freshly coagulated human decreased attention or fatigue. Exposure to noise with lev- blood sample was exposed to ultrasound. A liquid con- els exceeding 80 dB results in permanent (hearing loss) or taining the tissue plasminogen activator drug in a concen- temporary shifts of hearing threshold. There is a need for tration of 10 µg/ml passed around the sample. The liquid acoustical conditions to be adjusted to the minimum neces- flow was forced by a peristaltic pump. The source of ultra- sary level of comfort in operating rooms, treatment rooms sound was a 1 MHz flat ultrasonic transducer with a 25 mm and medical diagnostic laboratories. The article presents diameter. The transducer radiated 1000 periods burst, re- the assessment of three physical factors of the work envi- peated every 2500 periods and space averaged time aver- ronment, i.e. noise, lighting and microclimate in selected 2 aged intensities of 0.2–1.6 W/cm . The efficacy of throm- rooms of the hospital. The examination rooms have been bus dissolution was observed by means of a designed par- selected in cooperation with health and safety service em- allel plate flow chamber and the time of thrombus com- ployees. Measurements of quantities characterizing noise, plete dissolution was measured. The best result for the lighting and microclimate were carried out in the operating 1 MHz frequency and space averaged time averaged inten- room, as well as in the sterilization and pathomorphology 2 sity of 1.6 W/cm was recorded, where the thrombus was rooms. For this purpose, the measurement methods estab- dissolved within 5.5 minutes. lished in the standards were applied. ??? ??? Dancing Violins and Guitars Procedure of Experimental Derivation Skrodzka Ewa, [email protected] of the Two-Port Scattering Matrix Applying Institute of Acoustics the Single-Mode Generator Adam Mickiewicz University Snakowska Anna1, [email protected] Poznan, Poland Gorazd Łukasz1, [email protected] Kolber Karolina1, [email protected] The dynamic behaviour of violins and guitars was ex- 2 amined by means of experimental modal analysis. It is Jurkiewicz Jerzy , [email protected] a method of description of vibrations of any objects that 1 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics can be treated as a linear system. The purpose of modal AGH University of Science and Technology analysis is to determine the so-called modes of vibrations, Krakow, Poland 572 Archives of Acoustics – Volume 43, Number 3, 2018

2 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics has become the most common. It discusses the measure- Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering ment methodology of parameters related to the propaga- AGH University of Science and Technology tion of speech and speech intelligibility in office interiors.. Krakow, Poland Information about the room rating based on these param- eters, in this particular standard, is residual. The concept The paper presents procedure of experimental deriva- of evaluation according to VDI 2569 seems more correct, tion of the acoustic two-port scattering matrix for a mul- but also not without reservations. The task is to pay at- timode wave propagating in a hard cylindrical duct ap- tention to the problem of room classification according to plying the single-mode generator. The self-designed single- the above standards. There will be cases described which, mode generator is constructed in a form of matrix of acous- according to the author, show good conditions in the room, tic monopoles and is capable to generate a selected single but do not meet the requirements of the above standards. mode. The scattering matrix formalism is a new approach to analyse the acoustical systems containing one or more ??? duct-like elements (joints) connected by some undefined el- Comparison of Methods of Measuring ements such as, for example, acoustic mufflers of different the Insulation of Building Partitions types and so the formalism is frequently applied to anal- from Air Sounds in the Field Using Pink Noise, yse the phenomena of noise reduction in such systems. Ex- MLS Signal and Swept-Sine perimental derivation of the scattering matrix for a wave composed of N modes demands, in general, excitation of Stryczniewicz Tytus, [email protected] N different sound fields at each side of the two-port first. Wszołek Tadeusz, [email protected] Finally the matrix composed of the modal pressures mea- AGH University of Science and Technology surements obtained for each of the exited fields must be Kraków, Poland inversed to obtain the scattering matrix. Generating single N modes the matrix of the incoming pressure data is, theo- Measurement of insulation of building partitions from retically, diagonal which makes derivation of the scattering airborne sounds is used to assess and compare measure- matrix much easier. Generation of independent sound fields ment results with standard values or design assumptions. in the shape of single modes ensures the matrix to be well In most cases, pink noise is used as the forcing signal for conditioned. this type of measurement. In this work, the MLS (Maxi- mum Length Sequence) signal and Swept Sine signal were ??? additionally used. The last two signals make it possible to Influence of Natural Voice Disguise Techniques obtain a better signal-to-noise ratio, which is especially im- on Automatic Speaker Recognition portant in conditions of increased disturbances and in the Staroniewicz Piotr, [email protected] situation of limitations in the level of sound system. The obtained results were compared and the conditions in which Faculty of Electronics they could be more useful were analysed. The differences Wrocław University of Science and Technology resulting from their use, in particular in the conditions of Wrocław, Poland high acoustic background, are indicated. The problem of voice disguise is usually investigated ??? in the context of surveillance and forensics. The biomet- ric techniques applied for automatic or subjective speaker Determining Chosen Parameters of Hydroacoustic recognition can be deliberately or non-deliberately misled Channel Basing on Impulse Response Estimate by technical or natural methods. The first investigations Studański Ryszard, Żak Andrzej, [email protected] presented in the paper include data collection and auto- Polish Naval Academy matic speaker recognition scores. The database consists of Gdynia, Poland the utterances of several natural voice disguise techniques: phonation (raised and lowered pitch, whisper), phonemic In the paper a research is presented that allowed to es- (foreign accent), prosodic (speech tempo) and deformation timate the impulse response of hydroacoustic channel. Bas- (pinched nostrils and clenched jaws). The speaker verifica- ing on the channel impulse response the coherent band and tion was realised with the state-of-the-art system of MFCC coherent time are determined. The research was conducted (Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients) feature extraction in laboratory basins, lake and harbour. and GMM (Gaussian Mixture Models) classification. ??? ??? Analysis of the Structure of Bottom Sediments Problems with Classification of Open Plan of the Gulf of Gdańsk Based on Acoustic Images Office Acoustic Comfort Using ISO 3382-3 Obtained with a Parametric Echosounder Single Number Quantities Szymczak Wojciech, [email protected] Stelmach Adam, [email protected] Kozaczka Eugeniusz Centrum Badawczo Rozwojowe, Nowy Styl Sp. z o.o. Department of Hydroacoustic Krosno, Poland Polish Naval Academy Gdynia, Poland The study discusses methods for the measurement of room acoustic properties in open plan offices and classifi- Bottom sediments and upper layer of the sea bottom cation of rooms based on them. The ISO 3382: 3 standard have a varied geological structure. It is most often a mixture Chronicle – Joint Conference – ACOUSTICS 2018 573 of commonly found bottom materials such as sand, gravels, target speech sounds are presented. This is done to ex- mules and clays. Very often we find gas concentrations in amine how attention causes word intelligibility to increase these areas. They are usually mixed with the structure of and how large the spatial extent of the effect is. The re- materials from which the seabed is built. The use of non- sults show that word intelligibility increases approximately linear hydroacoustics achievements, the result of which is, 15% when the target sound is presented from a specific di- inter alia, the parametric echosounder allows penetration of rection. Furthermore, word intelligibility decreases as the the seabed from a few to several dozen meters. This makes angular distance from the specific direction increases. This it possible to complain about acoustic images of the seabed pattern shows a spread of the effects of auditory spatial section with regard to its structure. As a result of geobi- attention. ological processes, there are areas in which there are gas ??? clusters. The basic element of the paper is the analysis of the seabed structure in terms of detecting its heterogene- Comparison of Backscatter and Seabed ity, and in particular the detection of areas in which the Topographic Characteristics Recorded concentration of gas bubbles is relatively large. by Multibeam Echosounder at Rewal Area – Southern Baltic Sea ??? Tęgowski Jarosław1, [email protected] 1 1 Some Recollections on the History of Acoustics Trzcińska Karolina , Janowski Łukasz 1 1 at the Gdańsk Coast in the Last Decade 2008–2018 Kruss Aleksandra , Kusek Klaudia Nowak Jarosław2, [email protected] Śliwiński Antoni, fi[email protected] 1 Institute of Oceanography Institute of Experimental Physics University of Gdańsk University of Gdańsk Gdańsk, Poland Gdynia, Poland 2 In December 2008 at the session of the Polish Com- Maritime Institute in Gdańsk mittee on Acoustics of the Polish Academy of Sciences the Gdańsk, Poland author (being then already retired) presented the review The main purpose of this research is to develop efficient on his reminiscences and on the history of acoustics devel- and reliable acoustic techniques for monitoring geomor- opment at the Gdańsk Coast since 1950-ties.This year ad- phological and sedimentary features of the Baltic seabed. vantage of the 65-th Open Seminary on Acoustics meeting Multibeam echosounder (MBES) measurements were car- organization by the Gdańsk Division of the Polish Acousti- ried out in the Baltic Sea at the Rewal area, which is char- cal Society appears as a good opportunity to present a con- acterized by diversified types of sediments, geomorphologic tinuation of the history in the last decade 2008–2018 dur- forms, and benthic habitats. A MBES provides two types ing which the author still happily participated. In the talk of information – bathymetric data needed for digital eleva- some selected facts and the author’s recalls of the history tion model (DEM) construction and relative backscattering of activity and cooperation among acoustical community strength of the acoustic signal. The seabed features were at Gdańsk Coast during the last decade will be presented extracted using 2D Fourier transformation of the DEM. and illustrated. Spectral parameters of bottom rough surface were used ??? for the classification of seafloor morphological types using fuzzy logic classification algorithm. The other method was Influence of Auditory Selective Attention on Word used for backscatter intensity, where the spectral and con- Intelligibility tinuous wavelet transformation parameters of angular de- Teraoka Ryo, [email protected] pendency of bottom backscattering strength were the input Sakamoto Shuichi, [email protected] to the classification algorithm. The results of both meth- Cui Zhenglie, [email protected] ods were compared with the sedimentological information Suzuki Yˆoiti,[email protected] of the analysis of 56 sediment samples and a good compat- Shioiri Satoshi, [email protected] ibility of the classifications was obtained. Research Institute of Electrical ??? Communication and Graduate School QoS by VoIP Under Use Different Audio Codecs of Information Sciences 1, 2 Tohoku University Uhl Tadeus , tadeus.uhl@hs-flensburg.de Sendai, Japan [email protected] 1 Institute of Communications Technology Auditory selective attention plays a key role in the cock- Flensburg University of Applied Sciences tail party effect. There are many factors that influence this Flensburg, Germany effect. Despite its importance, it is still unclear as to how 2 Faculty of Transport Engineering and Economics auditory spatial attention distinguishes a target sound from Maritime University of Szczecin others. In this study, we investigate how auditory spatial Szczecin, Poland information affects word intelligibility in complex acous- tic scenes. To simulate such scenes, a target sound is pre- VoIP is currently the most widely used technology in sented among spatially distributed non-targeted ones. By telephony. Many providers now implement it in their IP- introducing beforehand, the listener’s auditory spatial at- based networks. However, as flexible and powerful as the tention is attracted to a specific loudspeaker from which IP transport platform might be, it is nonetheless prone 574 Archives of Acoustics – Volume 43, Number 3, 2018 to packet loss. Network delay, out-of-order packet deliv- This presentation gives an overview of studies which ery and jitter are additional impairment parameters. As have been performed recently by using a measurement and a result, Quality of Service (QoS) cannot be guaranteed visualization approach for the analysis of sound waves in in VoIP. What effects do network impairment parameters rooms and outdoors. By scanning sound field in auditoria have on QoS in VoIP? What influence does the choice of in high spatial resolution, various features of the direct, re- audio codecs have? How can QoS in VoIP actually be mea- flected sound can be visualized. The comparison of repeated sured in practice? What must a test environment look like measurements with and without the presence of chairs or if it is to produce reproducible measurement results of QoS people allows a new perspective on grazing sound propaga- in VoIP? What about security in VoIP? The work described tion over theatre seating (“seat dip effect”) and of sound in this paper aimed to find answers to these questions. The propagating through a standing crowd in open air concerts. series of analyses was devised to show up the strengths and Furthermore, the data can be assessed in order to derive weaknesses of the audio codecs currently used in the VoIP uncertainty models for room acoustic measurements. service. The paper concludes with a summary and an out- ??? look on further work. ??? Bridging Acoustics and Audiology by Research on Speech Recognition Prediction of Sound Pressure Levels Anna, [email protected] in Rooms Using EN 12354 Warzybok CvO Universit¨atOldenburg Vogel Albert1, [email protected] Oldenburg, Germany Kornadt Oliver2, [email protected] Voelker Conrad1, [email protected] The auditory system has a remarkable ability to per- 1 Department of Building Physics form well in acoustically challenging conditions. This abil- Bauhaus-University Weimar ity worsens with increasing age and hearing deficits. Studies Weimar, Germany related to better understanding and improvement of speech 2 Department of Building Physics recognition in diverse acoustic conditions for listeners with and Low-Energy Buildings different hearing status will be a leitmotiv of this talk. First, University of Kaiserslautern matrix sentence test as a reliable, internationally compat- Kaiserslautern, Germany ible tool for speech recognition assessment will be intro- duced. Examples of application of the matrix type tests In residential and office buildings, service equipment in basic research studies as well as in hearing diagnostics can be annoying if it produces noise. To avoid noise, es- will be presented including joint projects between Germany pecially structure-borne noise, a prediction and calculation and Poland. This will include studies related to the influ- of sound power injected into the structure is necessary. For ence and interaction between background noise and room the prediction of sound pressure levels due to structure- acoustics as well as consequences of hearing impairment borne sound sources in residential and office buildings the on speech recognition in various acoustic conditions. Fur- standard EN 12354 only provides little information regard- thermore, the outcomes of the listening experiments will be ing the characterization of a structure-borne sound source. compared to the predictions of effective speech intelligibil- Furthermore, there are little information about the uncer- ity models like binaural speech intelligibility index-based tainties of the prediction itself. Especially for lightweight model or automatic speech recognition-based model. Ex- structures, when the mobilities of source and receiver could amples of application of this kind of models in assessment of match, a practical method for the power prediction is miss- the acoustic treatment of rooms or speech enhancement ing. Nevertheless, they are necessary for an accurate sound techniques in terms of speech recognition will be shown. pressure prediction. This paper focuses on the prediction of sound pressure levels in rooms due to structure-borne ??? sound sources. Therefore, the characteristic source param- Surprising Solutions of Several Problems eters were measured with the Two-stage reception plate of Mathematics and Mechanics method. With these source parameters, the sound pressure levels in a lightweight test facility were calculated and com- Wesołowski Zbigniew pared with measurements. Furthermore it will be referred, if the prediction method in EN 12354-5:2009 using TSM In many languages, if not all, there is something called for source characterization is valid for the prediction of a common sense. A sufficient understanding of processes, sound pressure levels due to structure-borne sound sources which may be referred to as a global experience. This paper, in light-weight constructions. comprising of a dozen of elementary examples, not exceed- ing the first year of study at a technical university, shows ??? that sometimes this common sense, gained in everyday ex- Spatial Scanning of Sound Fields in Rooms perience, leads astray. There are numerous examples from different fields of Vorlaender Michael, [email protected] study. Few of them from mechanics show, that by reducing Witew Ingo the cross section of a beam, i.e. simply by removing the ma- Institute of Technical Acoustics terial, one can increase the bearing capacity of a structure RWTH Aachen University (a bent beam). Another example indicates that welding is Aachen, Germany not a trivial task and requires precaution. Next points out Chronicle – Joint Conference – ACOUSTICS 2018 575 that a twisted rod with a circular cross section becomes over a hundred of them can be placed in one room, is a huge longer and not shorter. Further illustrates that an inven- challenge. Workstations in such offices are often arranged tion with a pipe, that does not lose stability when compress- in long rows placed one by one and divided only by vertical ing, is false. The center of gravity of a ship does not have panels with maximum height lower than 1.2 m. Moreover, to lie below the center of buoyancy. Additional examples architects are moving away from the idea of covering struc- from probability theory show our misunderstanding of ran- tural ceiling with sound absorbing coffers, which makes it dom events, which we often face ourselves (a group of stu- even more difficult to keep STI on a sufficiently low level. dents, spontaneous and accidental emergence of organic That raises a question – is it possible to find a compro- matter, tropical disease). Finally, examples from mathe- mise between office design trends and acoustic comfort? matics and logic (convict, incorrectly asked question, chain The influence of workstations placement, as well as usage curve) teach us caution and accuracy when formulating of equipment like desk panels, office walls, ceiling mounted a problem. Particularly surprising is the case of intransitive elements, etc. in different setups on acoustic parameters of relations (4 dice) and two events, which have no rational open space offices is analysed. The paper will present re- explanation whatsoever (convict, wonderer in the desert). sults of acoustic simulations on computer models of rooms and classification based on ISO 3382-3 standard and VDI ??? 2569. Author believes that this work will help in future de- Measurement Solutions for Industrial sign of open space offices, as well as in providing products and Environmental Acoustics intended for similar rooms, that will be more efficient and suitable at the same time. Wejdman Mateusz, [email protected] Systemy Pomiarowe Sp. z o.o. ??? Kraków, Poland Vertical Temperature Stratification ??? of the Gulf of Gdańsk Water A New Theory “Vortex Sound Theory” Witos-Okrasińska Dominika, [email protected] Changes Acoustic Paradigm? Grelowska Grażyna, [email protected] Kozaczka Eugeniusz, [email protected] Weyna Stefan, [email protected] Faculty of Ocean Engineering and Ship Technology West Pomeranian University of Technology Gdańsk University of Technology Szczecin, Poland Gdańsk, Poland The question whether the contemporary “new theory The Baltic Sea is characterized by variable hydrological of acoustic vortex flows” VST, which is currently emerg- conditions affecting the hydroacoustic conditions through- ing, indicates the introduction of revolutionary changes in out the year. Even at a small depth, we can observe a large principles and laws in classical acoustics, will be practically temperature gradient affecting the accuracy of the con- verified in scientific circles, probably over the next decades. ducted research using hydroacoustic devices. A character- In the speech of the author of the paper, such material for istic feature of the Baltic waters is their layering. In the discussion on this subject is presented by the results of ex- Baltic Sea, we distinguish three main layers of water: sur- perimental research conducted by the author using acous- face, whose temperature is closely related to air tempera- tics orthogonal decomposition (AOD) disturbed acoustic ture and varies within 1 to 22 degrees during the year, an fields generated in the natural environment. New analysis intermediate characterized by the occurrence of a seasonal techniques resulting from the treatment of acoustic flows thermocline and deep sea temperature, which fluctuates as an energy phenomenon – which they are in fact – are within small limits from 4 to 6 degrees. There are many based on the analysis of vector parameters of the acoustic factors influencing water temperature changes, among oth- wave: of the acoustic particle velocity (also called acoustic ers: heat exchange between water and atmosphere, floods velocity) and sound intensity. Vector analyses give the op- of water with higher salinity from the North Sea, strong portunity to visualize the acoustic wave flows and “watch” winds occurring in the autumn-winter period, upwelling the structural effects caused by the wave reaction on ob- phenomenon, inflow of fresh waters from rivers. The ar- stacles. Visualization of such effects of scattering, reflection ticle presents the results of research carried out in the Gulf and refraction for various cases of vortex disturbed fields of Gdańsk and their impact on the acoustic conditions of of real flows, which theoretical description deals with VST, the Baltic waters. is the main content of the presentation. ??? ??? Sound Power and sound Insulation The Influence of Workstations at low Frequencies and Office Equipment Setup on Acoustic Privacy Wittstock Volker, [email protected] in Open Space offices Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Wilczura Anna, [email protected] Braunschweig, Germany Centrum Badań i Rozwoju, Nowy Styl Sp. z o.o In general, airborne sound power is considered to be Jasło, Poland independent of direction, distance and environment. Nev- Providing comfort and acoustic privacy for people ertheless, for single tone or low frequency sound sources, working in today’s open space office environment, where the sound power emitted into rooms depends also on the 576 Archives of Acoustics – Volume 43, Number 3, 2018 environment and on the exact position in the room. This frequency on the minimum level required to produce RI effect is investigated using Monte-Carlo simulations. It is – stimuli with relatively high-frequency modulation (32, then proposed to describe a source by the sound power 64 Hz) were more effective in reducing tinnitus loudness that would be emitted into a free sound field. The conse- than non-modulated or low-frequency modulated stimuli. quences of this approach for measuring sound insulation This study provides promising perspectives on clinical ap- are discussed. proaches based on acoustic simulation and aimed at maxi- ??? mizing RI. ??? The Proposition of Guitar Sound Parameters to Assess the Impact of Atmospheric Conditions Investigation of the Uncertainty of Determination on Acoustic Qualities of the Instrument of Long-Term Road Traffic Noise Indicators Wrzeciono Piotr1, piotr [email protected] on the Basis of Short-Term Measurements Przybylski Wojciech2, [email protected] Wszołek Tadeusz, [email protected] Ostrowski Andrzej2, [email protected] Piechowicz Janusz, [email protected] 1 Faculty of Applied Informatics and Mathematics Piechowicz Jakub Warsaw University of Life Sciences AGH University of Science and Technology Warszawa, Poland Krakow, Poland 2 GuitarHelp Warszawa, Poland The harmonized road traffic noise indicators Lden (day- evening-night equivalent sound pressure levels) and Lnight Due to wood hygroscopicity, the properties of instru- (night-time equivalent sound pressure levels) are the ba- ments with wooden elements are changing. The effect of sic indicators used in strategic noise assessments, espe- this is an instability of the sound of the instrument. This cially in strategic noise maps. However, their determination paper presents a group of acoustic parameters describing based on year-round monitoring is troublesome and time- changes in the sound of an acoustic guitar in an objec- consuming. Methods are needed to determine these indica- tive manner. During the research, we made some dedicated tors on the basis of short-term monitoring. This approach is devices, among others an acoustic measuring chamber, associated with increased uncertainty in determining these a mechanism for repetitive string excitation, and a system indicators. Therefore, the work analysed the impact of par- enabling acoustic measurement with an equivalent noise tial uncertainties brought by the limitation of the length of level of 4.5 dBA. The instruments underwent a process of the measurement sample, also the number of samples and forced allocation of water molecules in wood (moisturizing). the day in the week in which the sample was registered, on We developed parameters describing the sustain time, the the result of the final uncertainty of estimation. The calcu- character of sustain and tonal equalization of the sound of lations were made for samples length from one day to one the instrument. month, registered in the vicinity of the motorway, national ??? road and road located in the urban area. The uncertainty budget also includes the partial uncertainty of the impact New Technologies in the Treatment of Tinnitus of disturbances and the efficiency of the filtration method – Modulation of Sound Amplitude used. in Sound Therapies ??? Wrzosek Małgorzata, [email protected] Phase-exact Adaptive Feedforward Control Norena Aranud, Preis Anna with Reduced Computational Complexity University of Szczecin for Modulated Gear Mesh Vibration at 4.7 kHz Szczecin, Poland Zech Philipp, [email protected] Due to its prevalence tinnitus (ringing in the ears) is Jungblut Jens, [email protected] considered as a civilization disease. Tinnitus affects around Ploger¨ Daniel Fritz, [email protected] 10% of the general population, for some seriously debilitat- Rinderknecht Stephan, ing the quality of life. Residual inhibition (RI) is a well- [email protected] known phenomenon defined as a temporary reduction of Mechatronic Systems in Mechanical Engineering tinnitus loudness after a prolonged exposure to an acoustic Technische Universit¨atDarmstadt stimulus. Previous research suggested that amplitude mod- Darmstadt, Germany ulated sounds may be also effective in reducing the tinnitus loudness. However, the question of whether RI depends on The implementation of an active vibration control sys- the frequency of the modulation remained unanswered. tem for high speed planetary gearboxes is challenging be- Our aim was to test whether amplitude modulated cause of the high mechanical frequencies to be controlled. broadband noise may be more effective in tinnitus mask- Furthermore, gear mesh vibration in planetary gearboxes is ing and producing RI when compared to the same non- amplitude and frequency modulated which results in a rich modulated stimuli. The second goal was to verify whether sideband structure. State of the art control approaches potential differences depend on the modulation frequency. using feedforward control are able to achieve significant We tested fifty seven volunteers with tinnitus for three reductions at the target frequencies. However, sidebands frequencies of the modulation: 4, 32 and 64 Hz. The re- around the nominal gear mesh frequency are typically am- sults showed that there is a dependency of the modulation plified in the controlled case. This paper proposes a setup Chronicle – Joint Conference – ACOUSTICS 2018 577 for active vibration control to suppress transmission of gear benefits are akin to those offered by real-life genetics, mesh vibration to the surrounding structure using piezo- namely robustness, compactness, and evolvability. electric inertial mass actuators. The proposed control algo- ??? rithm uses multiple adaptive feedforward controllers. The gear mesh vibration can be suppressed on the test rig at The Wald Sequential Test frequencies up to 4.7 kHz. To achieve the desired sampling as an Alternative Statistic Criterion frequency in real time several optimizations are introduced. in Staircase Adaptive Procedures A detailed analysis of the control approach is conducted us- Żera Jan, [email protected] ing both simulation and experiment. Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology ??? Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology Animal Mimicry in Covert Underwater Warsaw Institute of Technology Communication: Application of Syntax Generation Warszawa, Poland and Simulated Genome Method In adaptive procedures used in psychoacoustics, the Zuber Krzysztof W., [email protected] Wald sequential statistical test has been employed only Opieliński Krzysztof J., [email protected] in the PEST procedure. A specificity of the Wald test is that it allows selecting the target threshold value at any Faculty of Electronics point on the psychometric function. This feature is useful Wrocław University of Science and Technology when there are special test requirements, such as selecting Wrocław, Poland a point on a psychometric function corresponding to a given The paper proposes a covert underwater communica- detectability index value. Adaptive, staircase, up-down pro- tion method based upon low-level genetic simulation and cedures are based on rules of signal level setting that are evolutionary syntax generation. The covertness is achieved simple to implement but, in contrast to the Wald test, they through a LPD (low probability of detection) principle allow to estimate the threshold level only for a few points based upon mimicry of aquatic animal communication – on the psychometric function. In this study the feasibil- the message is concealed as a vocal exchange between mem- ity of an adaptive, up-down staircase procedure which uses bers of on aquatic species. The non-deterministic method a decision rule based on the Wald sequential statistical test generates polymorphic signals consistent with animal was examined. The staircase procedures, combined with the vocalisation syntax structure, which makes the probability Wald test for selecting signal level, were tested as to their of a third party identifying them as covert communication ability to converge at various threshold levels, their accu- low. The non-determinism and polymorphism is achieved racy, and bias. The study was aimed to determine whether through the use of both a novel method based upon low- the Wald test may serve as a proper replacement for stan- level genetic simulation, and a scheme for generating syntax dard rules of signal level setting in adaptive up-down pro- rules. Since the method’s principles of action are based cedures. upon genetics at the molecular level, the scheme’s promised ???