! DISTRICT No. 4, the LAKE REGION
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
SEPTEMBER, 1!)11. MONTHL\- WEATHER REVIEW. 1339 CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA FOR SEPTEMBER, 1911. DISTRICT No. 4, THE LAKE REGION. Prof. HENRYJ. Cox, District Editor. GENERAL SUMMARY. 111e:m teiuperuture of the iiioritli was itbove the seasonal average, but the departures did not exceed 3O in any case, The chief characteristics of the weather of Septeniber. nntl genernlly were less than 2O. Elsewhere in the Lake 191I, in the Lake region were the rapidity in passage of region the iiieaii moiitlily temperature was as I a rule storm areas across the district and the consequent sharp cleficient,, but did not fall below the noriiial by more than alternation of warm mid cool periods. the remarkable fre- ;:'. exce >tat ii few stations in tlie Lake Superior revion uency of precipitation throughout the entire month, niicl ani1 in t I ie extreme northern portions of New York &ate ?he estreiiie earliness of Idling frost8sand freezing t,eni- :inti linver hlicliigaii. peratures over t,he eastern sections. Foiir periods of wmn aiid an equal number of cool The storm movement, in its general features, was such weutlier. I)itssd ac'ross the district during the month, as a as is experienced most frequently in the months of mid- result of tlie rapicl storm mowmelit. Warm spells occu- winter. For the iiiost part, areas of bobh high and low pied tlie Ists-2d, 9t81i-I It,li, llit81i-IStli,:iiicl Zcl-Xth, and bnronietric ressure, to the iiuniber of about 17, held well cool weather the remaining portions of the month. At t.o the nortP ieiii limits of the upper lakes in their rapid no the, however, wis the lieat excessive for September, ' sweep eastward, the former t8urning to tSie sout,lienst as ia&cntetl by the clepnrtures from the daily mean tem- over :icross the Ontario peninsula ant1 )assing t.1~eastern per:itures, these t1ep:irtures reaching in io instalice + 15'; highlands to the Atlantic coast, tIi ie latter t,rnversing the yet prnc,tic:tlly :ill portions of the district except the St. Lawrence Valley tBothe ocean. As a result, t,he north- extreme northern and eastern sections experienced maxi- western and extreme eastern sect,ioiissuffered the severest, iiiuiii teniperatiires of more than 90'. Generally the weather of any throughout the district, while the south- highest teniperittures occurred on either the 1st or 2d, but central aiicl sou thwestern portions were conipnrntivelj- urouutl the western end of Lake Yu ierior and at some free from cmiditions of low temperature aiid occurrelice stations in tlie Michigan peninsulas t'1 ie highest readings of frost. were not observed uiitil tlie middle of the second decade. The amouht of suiisliine was uite deficient along the As wis the case with the maximum temperatures, the southwestern shore of Lake MicP ligan, but iiicx-eased to greatest cold of t.he month was not experienced over the about noriiiiil over the eastern portions of the Lake region, west8criisections of the district until about two weeks where the diurnal oscillation in temperature averaged ufter its occurrence to the south and ellst of Lakes Erie greatest, owing to theinfluence of the pessiiig high pressure and Ontario. The cool spell of the 12th-l-lth was OCCR- areas, as referred to above. There WLS, in geiieral, R sionecl by :in area of high barometric pressure which larger number of rainy clays t81iaiiis usud for September. ]~:issetl north of tlie upper lakes on the 12th and 13th. With a few exceptions, moreover, the month was free from C'urring in its path thence southeastward, it was central destructive storins or extraordinary phenomena. over New Tork Stat8e011 the night of t,lie 18tli-14th and The following tahle summnrizes t>hechief featurc tlie iiccoiiipmyllig clear skies aiid still cool nir conduced meteorological interest in the various portions of t80such rapid radiation as to lower the surface tempera- (listric t : tures in mniij- locnlities to the freezing point or below. Heavy aiid killiiig frosts occurred throughout the eastern sections in New Tork and Vermont, and much damage was clone to exposed crops, such tis corn, potatoes, and tonintoes. Althougli cool weather was general during this period, the western sections of thelalie region escaped destructive frosts becmise of the northerly pRth of the mticyclonic areti aid the closely following depression; hut uiitler the influence of high atmospheric pressures Minnesota .................. 53.0 -2.21 4.03+0.44 2.05 14 9 ll 1( W. Wisconsin _.__________.__.__59.6 -0.7 5.14+2.34 2.73 11 121 fi 1( se. cluriug the last few clays of the month tlie minimum tem- Illinois__.. ._.__..____..__._. 67.0 +2.4 4.03 +1.01 1.16 16 9 111 1( ne. Indiana __.____..__.__.__..._65.5 +0.4 3.93 +O.W 1.80 121 13 61 1: ne. pera tures of the period were experienced, and heavy and Upper Michigan __.__.______M.8 -0.8 2.77 -0.77 1.60 131 W. lulling frosts were general in the regions around Lake LowerMichigan ______.___._61.1 -0.4 4.01 +1.3? 2.26 1091 12 :! sw. Ohio __._____....__...._...._56.1 +1.2 3.97 +1.17 3.65 10 131 8 [ SW. Superior . Pennevlvania ._.__.____.._._64.2 +0.3 4.14+0.65 1.51 10 I?' li S. Vew pork __._._._.._.._.__.58.7 -1.5 3.42 +0.40 4.15 11 1;' W. The absolute range in temperature was 77O, from 97O Vermont .__..____._____.__._56.4 -1.8 3.53 +0.40 1. 16 13 121 dl i S. on the 2d, at Port Austin, in lower Michigan, to 20° on ~~ the %th, at Humboldt, in upper Michigan. TEMPERATURE. PRECIPITATION. the immediate shore of Lake Michigan from ay southward, throughou t8the Indiana, Ohio. and Over much of the sections lying immediately to the Pennsylvania portions of the district, and at many sta- south of Lake Su erior, the extreme northern counties of tions m the southern counties of lower Michigan, the the lower peninsuP a of Michigan, and in general throughout Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/29/21 09:42 PM UTC 1340 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. SEPTEMBER, 191 1 the Caiiat linii Provinces of the Lake region, the precipi- The excessive rain caused the small htreams in that part of the State of 1, was to overflow and do much damage in the lowland4 A number of bridges tation Scpteniher, 191 somewhat deficient in were destroyed, corn and other late crops were washed away, and amount; hut over tlie remaining portions of the district bonie stock drnwned. Traflic on electric and Rteam railroads. ZR well the nioiitlily nniouiits were greater than the normal, the a? on public highways, wa3 delayed by waehorits and the destruction excess riliiciiig from + 0.40 inch over the C‘haniplain Val- of bridgeq. At Akron the damage to one manufacturin~company was estimated at 512,000 and to a lumber company at $3,000 The loss of ley to +?.34 inches o\.er enrtern Wisconsin, where the crops along the many small streams mill probably be much more than heaviest September rainfill1 of the past 10 yews .was that. tq’eriPncetl. The lightning that arcompanied the rm1 ~tornic~f thc I4th-15th Precipitation was frequent in all portions of the dis- wan severe, but repork of damage by it have beeu received from only a few place^ in this district. In the vicinity of Ashtabula nearly B tric t throughoii t the month, and the number of rainy dozen buildings were struck, and in Summit County 5 barns were days was considerably greater than the average for Sep- ntruck and destroyed. tember. There were few shar divisions in the times of A dani that w-aq rouatructed to protect the Erie Railroad near Akron occurrence of rainfall, but yet tP ie rainy periods conformed brirht on the lhth. alloxing :I 1arg.e \olume of water to sweep down roughly to the intervaLs during which cool weather was mer the valley below About 1-50 feet of the Erie roadbed and 200 Iwt of the Northerii Ohio Traction (’0 ’n line Here nnshed away and prevalent. Kniii was especially froqueiit and heavy i*oii~iclc~i.iljli~tlaiii:ip clonr to the. f.irin\ th~t1:iy iii the path of thc throughout the lust week of the inonth, wliicli was 11, prr- lIl~Oll qistently cwlil :uid disagreeable period, but heavy ritiiis Severe loc.:il storiiis occurretl iilso at hleclina, N. T.,on occurred in niniiy localities on the lit11 tint1 15th, ~itliii the IStli, me1 ut Chicago, Ill., on the IStli, causing coii- the eastern sections oii the 5th aiid 6th ixs well. sidersble damage to buildings nnd trees. Heavy squalls Snow squalls occurred on the 29th in portions of the occurred in a few other localities over the district, with Adirondack region and in Vermont, and a trace of snow high-wind velocities, but no ninteriiil damage has been was recorded at Stephens Mine, Minn. reported. Thuiiderstorlris were iiiost numerous over SEVERE STORMS. tlie estreme southwestern sections of the Lake region, where tin average number of 9 occurred during tlie course During the early iiiorniiig hours of September 7 a of the month. The northern and eastern sections were severe squall swept the shore of Lake hfichivan at Chicago, coiiiparatively free from storms of this character, not- badly damaging a number of yidits an9 smaller craft withstanding the frequency of showery conditions.