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'A PO: the Rapa Nui Youth Archaeology Program Puna Pau Field Report Britton L

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'A PO: the Rapa Nui Youth Archaeology Program Puna Pau Field Report Britton L Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation Volume 18 Article 15 Issue 1 May 2004 'A PO: The Rapa Nui Youth Archaeology Program Puna Pau Field Report Britton L. Shepardson Irene Arevalo Nazrala Turi Atan Rodriguez Makarena Barria Orellana Nikolas Cortes Pakomio See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj Part of the History of the Pacific slI ands Commons, and the Pacific slI ands Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Shepardson, Britton L.; Nazrala, Irene Arevalo; Rodriguez, Turi Atan; Orellana, Makarena Barria; Pakomio, Nikolas Cortes; Riroroko, Samson Jacobo; Bustos, Valeria Jara; Amorrortu, Camilo Johnson; Rapu, Vaitiare Merino; Zuniga, Yasna Monares; Icka, Francisca Pont; Hochstetter, Francisco Torres; and Salvatierra, Veronica Vergara (2004) "'A PO: The Rapa Nui Youth Archaeology Program Puna Pau Field Report," Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation: Vol. 18 : Iss. 1 , Article 15. Available at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj/vol18/iss1/15 This Research Report is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Hawai`i Press at Kahualike. It has been accepted for inclusion in Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation by an authorized editor of Kahualike. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 'A PO: The Rapa Nui Youth Archaeology Program Puna Pau Field Report Authors Britton L. Shepardson, Irene Arevalo Nazrala, Turi Atan Rodriguez, Makarena Barria Orellana, Nikolas Cortes Pakomio, Samson Jacobo Riroroko, Valeria Jara Bustos, Camilo Johnson Amorrortu, Vaitiare Merino Rapu, Yasna Monares Zuniga, Francisca Pont Icka, Francisco Torres Hochstetter, and Veronica Vergara Salvatierra This research report is available in Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/ rnj/vol18/iss1/15 Shepardson et al.: 'A PO: The Rapa Nui Youth Archaeology Program Field Report 'A PO: THE RAPA NUl YOUTH ARCHAEOLOGY PROGRAM PUNA PAU FIELD REPORT Britton L. Shepardson, Irene Arevalo Nazrala, Turi Atan Rodrigue-::-, Makarena Barrfa Orellana, Nikoltis Cortes Pakomio, Samson Jacobo Riroroko, Valeria Jara Bustos, Camilo Johnson Amorrortu, Vaitiare Merino Rapu, Yasna Monares Zuniga, Francisca Pont Icka, Francisco Torres Hochstetler, Veronica Vergara Salvatierra The Rapa Nui Youth Archaeology Program Museo Antropologico Padre Sebastian Englert he archaeology of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) has received ad . The field school concentrates on data collection ill a man­ T a tremendou amount of attention in the la t century. Re­ ner that is non-inva ive and non-destructive to the island's searchers have traveled from all comer of the Earth to this fragile cultural heritage and ecosystem. miniscule island to olve the my terie of the Center of the Starting in March of 2003, 'A P6 (The Rapa Nui Youth World. But thi article i not about tho e people, nor i it Archaeology Program) was formalized to become an inten­ about the mysteries. This report, rather, is about a pecial sive, year-round effort-working in collaboration with, rather group of high school students in Rapa Nui eager to play an than dependent on the University of Hawai'i program. On top active role determining the future of their own cultural heri­ of a demanding high school schedule, students agreed to two tage. And we might argue that the work of the e students may nights per week of class and work in the museum computer be more important than tho e popular and dramatic explana­ laboratory and one full day offield work each weekend. tions of the island's prehistory. This is the report of our flf t field project at the site of Those who have been to Rapa Nui, and have been privi­ Puna Pau, the quarry u ed by i landers in prehistoric time to leged to know some of the residents, know what a fanta tic manufacture the giant red- coria topknots (pukao) that once and unique island it is. Rapa Nui is a place where the people adorned some of the standing moai. Puna Pau was selected as have practically nothing, and at the ame time everything they an ideal first site for the Rapa Nui Youth Archaeology Pro­ want or need. It is a place where children who have never left gram because of the size of the quarry, the significance of the the i land already know theirs is the most beautiful place in artifacts in prehistory, and the limited available data for the the world. It i a place where cyber-cafes for tourists offer a site. The goal was for the students to gain computer skills and view of toppled stone statue larger than life that have rested knowledge of archaeology, and to convince these young peo­ in silence for centuries in the back yards of the de cendant of ple that they have the capacity to work at a professional level the ame artisans that crafted those very tatues. and make an original contribution in the documentation and And for 20,000 tourists each year, it is a place of ar­ tudy of their island' culture. chaeological wonder . What' the most amazing part of Rapa After reviewing the archives of MAPSE, we found the Nui archaeology? One would be hard-pressed to decide previou work at Puna Pau to this point to be rather unsati ­ among the ornate petroglyphs, the thousands of obsidian factory. The most extensive mapping project on the island points (mata'a) that litter the island, the ceremonial platforms (Cri tino et al. 1981, Figure 1) showed contours only at Sm (ahu), or the gigantic statues (moai). intervals and two points (to represent the mere existence of Ju t a a tonishing, however, is the limited participation artifacts in the area, we presume). Written descriptions are by locals in formal archaeological work on their own island. scant, superficial, and unsystematic. After decade of archaeological investigations by international teams and the millions of dollars invested in those project , remarkably few locals seem to have been in pired, or rather empowered, to contribute to the archaeology there. The high school tudent that participated in our Puna Pau project are a strong testament to islander ' inspiration to study, learn about, and protect their cultural heritage. Yet they have little formal training or equipment to do so. However, in July of 2001, an archaeology program for local high school students was initiated as a joint effort between Francisco Tor­ res Hochstetter (Director, Museo Antropol6gico Padre Sebas­ tian Englert, hereafter MAPSE) and Terry Hunt (Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of Hawai 'i at Manoa). For two weeks in July of 2001 and 2002 a dozen or 0 Rapa Nui high school students received hand -on training in the field as part of the Univer ity of Hawai'i archaeological field school. The U.H. Rapa Nui Field School i committed to training students in archaeological field and laboratory meth- Figure I. Contour map of Puna Pau adapted from Cristino et al. 1981. Rapa Nui Journal 43 Vol. 18 (1) May 2004 Published by Kahualike, 2004 1 Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation, Vol. 18 [2004], Iss. 1, Art. 15 While Rano Raraku, the main prehistoric quarry site for some nearly 3m in diameter. The remain of even pukao rest statues on the island, receives an enormou amount of atten­ in the inner depression of the cone. Two more are perched in tion from tourists, archaeologists, and local re idents (and a smaller depression atop the rim of the northeastern side of deservedly so) the pukao quarry seem relatively ignored. We the cone. And fourteen others lay strewn along a gently slop­ are not arguing that this ite is of equal importance to archae­ ing path that tourists now follow to visit the site (Figure 2). ologi ts or tourists, but like all sites, we felt Puna Pau hould With up to ten students working at the site at anyone be documented thoroughly for the ake of pre ervation and time, one group of tudents learned how to map the terrain, respect. another made plan maps of all the pukao, and a third group The goal ofour project at Puna Pau was to expand docu­ measured and recorded the specific dimen ion and character­ mentation of the site using geographic information sy terns istic of each individual pukao. Students had a chance to par­ (GIS). The intention was to create a more detailed contour ticipate in all aspects of the field work at different times. map of the area and record all archaeological materials found at the site in an electronic GIS database. This was a formida­ CONTOURMAl' ble undertaking for both the in tructor and the students. Most of the e students had never participated in any archaeological Unfortunately, the students did not have acces to any elec­ activity, none of them had ever heard of GIS, and a few were tronic mapping device at the onset of the project. However, not even comfortable using the mou e on a computer when in the mu eum storeroom wa a theodolite left in 1978 by ar­ we began. Regardless, we pent night session learning about chaeologist William Mulloy (who incidentally expressed a methods and equipment, and weekends in the field putting the strong desire to form an archaeological field school for skills we learned in the museum to work. youths from the island and other countrie ). WD40 brought Puna Pau is just one of many atellite volcanic cones on the theodolite back to life, and one by one the tudents the i land. At the site, orne twenty-three pukao lie cat­ learned how to measure distance, cardinal direction, and azi­ tered - some partially buried, some in small fragments, and muth angles with this contraption that would have made a fine addition to the mu eum showroom it elf (Figure 3).
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