Typography TYPOGRAPHY The art of type

TYPE All the letters (abc), Numbers (123) & characters (; ? @) of the alphabet. MONOTYPE

Trade name for hot metal composition system Monotype Corporation Machine Shop Hot Metal Composition FONT

Type or letter style

Examples: Impact Baskerville Old Face Agency Cooper Black Broadway

VARIATIONS OF TYPE Width of letters: regular, or

Weight of letters: light, regular, bold, heavy TYPESTYLE CATEGORIES

• SERIF: Letters that have feet or tails.

• SAN SERIF: Letters without feet or tails.

• SCRIPT: Letters that simulate handwriting (cursive) and/or calligraphy

• DECORATIVE: Letters that have character, are unique in style. Examples of TYPESTYLE CATEGORIES

Having feet or SERIF tails Having feet or tails

More examples of “SERIF” fonts SERIF SERIF SERIF SERIF Examples of TYPESTYLE CATEGORIES

Having NO feet SAN SERIF or tails Having NO feet or tails

More examples of “SAN SERIF” fonts SAN SERIF SAN SERIF SAN SERIF SAN SERIF SAN SERIF Examples of TYPESTYLE CATEGORIES

Rule of thumb:Script When using a Script Resembles handwriting, font, do not write in all capital letters, cursive lettering or calligraphy. it is too hard to read. SCRIPT

More examples of “SCRIPT” fonts Script Script Script Examples of TYPESTYLE CATEGORIES

Fonts that are unique in style and typically only used for headlines, or one word emphasis.

More examples of “DECORATIVE” fonts DECORATIVE DECORATIVE DECORATIVE DECORATIVE POINT

Type is measured in points Smallest typographical unit. 1 point = 1/72 of an inch 36 point = ½ of an inch 72 point = 1 inch SPACING

TRACKING: T R A C K I N G Adjusting space between all letters equally.

KERNING: AV A V A V Adjusting space between two letters.

This is an example of leading between sentences. This is an example of leading between sentences.

LEADING: This is an example of leading between sentences.

Adjusting space between sentences.

BASELINE

The line where all letters stand on. Typographical Designers

Study all the information in orange of the next few pages Three Famous English Type Designers

• William Caslon • John Baskerville • Stanley Morison

William Caslon

Caslon Font 1. William Caslon [English] 1692-1766

• Engraver, type founder, type designer. • The first of a family of English type founders (Caslon I, II, III, IV) • 1716: started business in London as an engraver and started a type foundry • 1725: sets up his own type foundry, – it continued to operate for 200 years. • 1734: Caslon’s first one-page specimen: 47 of his typefaces • Created Caslon font: used for the Declaration of Independence • Influenced many contemporary typographers • Known style: old style, roman John Baskerville

Baskerville Font 2. John Baskerville [English] 1706-1775

• Father of printing in England • Skilled engraver of Tombstones • Generated Baskerville font, still present today • Established a paper mill, printing office and type foundry. • Known style: between old style and modern style called ``Transitional'' type • Major innovations in printing – making a flatter, sturdier bed in press construction – printing ink (blacker, opaque, more even, and quicker-drying) – papermaking (wove instead of laid) – letter design – he made changes to the way in which metal type was made, enabling him to produce finer, more delicate lettering than any before him had achieved.

Stanley Morison

Times New Roman 3. Stanley Morison [English] 1889-1967

• Typographer, type designer • 1923–67: typography consultant to Monotype Corporation*. • 1929–60: typography consultant to "The Times" daily newspaper. • Created font Times New Roman, still present today • 1932: The first issue of "The Times™" with font Times New Roman™, is printed. • Produced some of the most popular text faces of the 20th century

*Montoype: trade name for hot metal composition system, It consists of two units: a keyboard and a casting machine.

Famous American Type Designer

• Morris Benton

Morris Benton

Franklin Gothic Morris Benton [American] 1872-1948

• 1892-1937: Type designer for ATF* • Developed over 200 alphabets, all of which were published by ATF • Leading American type designer

• *ATF: American Type Foundry conglomeration. It owns the rights to one of the world’s greatest libraries of original typefaces, largely directed and created by Morris Benton. Designed by Morris Benton Broadway

Hobo

Commercial Script

New Century School Book COMPARISONS Caslon Font (designed by Caslon)

Baskerville Font (designed by Baskerville)

Times New Roman (designed by Morrison

New Century School Book (designed by Benton Foundries are organizations that manufacture fonts. Some are large companies, while others are just a designer or two. Type foundries have existed since the 1450s, the birth of printing in Europe. If you typed your notes, be sure it is only one page long, to conserve paper and toner. You can make font size smaller or change some of the spacing. Type your name at the top, print and place in your notebook. If you hand wrote your notes place them in your notebook regardless of how long it is.

When you are finished with these notes check out the following websites pertaining to typography.

http://www.myfonts.com http://www.dafont.com