Psychopy 1. Kafli „Building Experiments in Psychopy“ Einu Sinni Var

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Psychopy 1. Kafli „Building Experiments in Psychopy“ Einu Sinni Var 7/4/2018 PsychoPy 1. kafli Kynning „Building Experiments in PsychoPy“ • Tökum fyrir kafla 1-9: 1. Introduction 2. Building your first experiment 3. Using images – a study into face perception 4. Timing and brief stimuli: Posner cueing 5. Creating dynamic stimuli (revealing text and moving stimuli) 6. Providing feedback: simple Code Components 7. Ratings: Measure the Big 5 personality constructs 8. Randomization, blocks and counterbalancing: a bilingual Stroop task 9. Using the mouse for input: creating a visual search task Einu sinni var... • Fyrst: Sálfræðitilraunir keyrðar á sérhæfðum vélbúnaði – Dæmi: Hraðsjá (tachistoscope) • Síðar: Forritarar útbúa tilraunir • Enn síðar: Forritunarmál notendavænni • Núna: Hægt að útbúa flóknar tilraunir án forritunarkunnáttu með sérhæfðum forritum – Dæmi: PsychoPy 1 7/4/2018 Önnur tilraunaforrit • Krefjast forritunarkunnáttu, fólk skrifar kóða (texta) sem segir tölvunni hvað á að gera: – Psychophysics Toolbox – Presentation • Krefjast ekki forritunarkunnáttu, nota myndrænt notendaviðmót, bjóða ekki auðveldlega upp á flóknar tilraunir – Eprime – PsyScope – OpenSesame PsychoPy • Ókeypis og opið (open source) • Keyrir á margs konar stýrikerfum • Öflugt og sveigjanlegt • Hefur tvenns konar notendaviðmót – Coder • Skrifa skipanir á textaformi (Python forritunarmál) – Builder • Grafískt notendaviðmót (graphical user interface, GUI) – Ræður einnig við litla kóðabúta (code components, textaskipanir) • Við fjöllum aðallega um Builder Stýrikerfi • PsychoPy keyrir á Windows, Mac og Linux • Hér kennt á Windows-útgáfuna • Nær allt eins í hinum útgáfunum • Einstaka flýtileiðir (keyboard shortcuts) og hnappar (keys) ólík – T.d. slaufutakkinn (Cmd key) oftast notaður í Makka í stað Ctrl í PC-tölvu – Sjá nánar í bók 2 7/4/2018 Að ná í PsychoPy • Farið á http://www.psychopy.org Download Að ná í PsychoPy Smellið (gæti verið annað númer) Náið í útgáfu 1.90.1 (sú útgáfa verður notuð í kennslu) Að ná í PsychoPy • Einfaldast að ná í StandalonePsychoPy-eitthvað Við miðum við útgáfu 1.90.1 ATH: Notum það sem merkt er PY3 (Python 3 compatible) PC-útgáfa (Windows) Makka-útgáfa (OSX) 3 7/4/2018 Að skilja tölvuna sína • Til þess að tilraunir virki rétt þarf að gera sér grein fyrir því hvernig tölvur virka • Þrennt sem þú ættir að vita: 1. Skjárinn uppfærir myndina aðeins einu sinni á x ms fresti • Nýglæðingartíðni (refresh rate) skjás oft 60 Hz – Uppfærir myndina 60 sinnum á sekúndu (1000 ms) – Hver rammi (frame) sýndur á skjánum í 1000/60 ms = 16,67 ms rammatími (frame duration) • Bara hægt að sýna hluti í tíma sem er heilt margfeldi af rammatíma; ef skjárinn er 60 Hz: • 16,67 ms, 33,33 ms, 50,00 ms... • Efri hluti skjásins teiknast fyrst 2. Tímasetning lyklaborðs er ónákvæm • Þegar þú ýtir á takka á lyklaborði – fær tölvan ekki boð um það fyrr en um 15-45 ms síðar • Hefur áhrif á mælingar á svartíma (response time) • Til nákvæmari svartæki, svo sem hnappabox (button box) – En fæstir þurfa slíka nákvæmni 4 7/4/2018 3. Það tekur tíma að ná í mynd af harða diskinum • Myndir hafa tiltekna upplausn (resolution) – Segjum 800 x 600 punkta (pixels) – 800 vídd x 600 hæð x 3 litir (RGB, rautt, grænt blátt) = 1.440.000 tölur sem þarf til að tákna myndina • Tekur tíma að ná í mörg tölugildi af harða diski – Veldur töf í sýningartíma NEMA maður forhlaði (preload) myndinni • Nái í hana fyrirfram af diskinum og geri hana tilbúna Að lenda í veseni • PsychoPy spjallborð (forum) – https://discourse.psychopy.org • Google er vinur þinn • Lesið ALLTAF rauðu viðvörunarboxin í bókinni – Annars getur farið illa 5.
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