Designing Eeg Experiments for Studying the Brain
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DESIGNING EEG EXPERIMENTS FOR STUDYING THE BRAIN https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals/book-companion/9780128111406 Designing EEG Experiments for Studying the Brain: Design Code and Example Datasets Aamir Saeed Malik and Hafeez Ullah Amin Resources available: Table of Contents: - Chapter Abstracts - Chapter Data - Glossary DESIGNING EEG EXPERIMENTS FOR STUDYING THE BRAIN Design Code and Example Datasets AAMIR SAEED MALIK HAFEEZ ULLAH AMIN Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 125 London Wall, London EC2Y 5AS, United Kingdom 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, United States 50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN: 978-0-12-811140-6 For Information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher: Mica Haley Acquisition Editor: Natalie Farra Editorial Project Manager: Kristi Anderson Production Project Manager: Kirsty Halterman and Karen East Designer: Alan Studholme Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 EEG signal and corresponding bands 3 Figure 1.2 Example of visual stimulus in oddball task 14 Figure 1.3 Structure of oddball task in E-Prime software 15 Figure 1.4 Error message when E-Prime is not connected with 16 Net Station while Net Station package is added Figure 1.5 Triallist of oddball experiment 17 Figure 1.6 Objects of TrialProc 17 Figure 1.7 Stimulus property setting 18 Figure 2.1 Complete experiment flow for both stress and control 39 conditions. (A) Mental stress session. (B) Control session Figure 2.2 A model of the computer screen in the stress condition 41 Figure 3.1 BrainMaster Discovery amplifier 51 Figure 3.2 User interface of BrainMaster Discovery acquisition software 52 Figure 3.3 Data collection scheme 56 Figure 3.4 EEG data collection 57 Figure 3.5 Visual three-stimulus oddball task 57 Figure 4.1 A general scenario of epileptic seizure attack 64 Figure 4.2 Epileptic seizure categories 64 Figure 5.1 Experiment design 81 Figure 6.1 EEG recording flow diagram. (A) 3D active first group. 98 (B) 3D passive first group Figure 7.1 PASS user interface window 111 Figure 7.2 Experiment design 112 Figure 7.3 A sample of Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices (RAPM) 113 problem Figure 7.4 Sample of multiple choice question (MCQ) 114 Figure 7.5 Experimental design with session wise tasks 115 Figure 7.6 Design of E-Prime program for RAPM task 117 Figure 7.7 E-Prime recorded file in 3D recall task 118 Figure 8.1 Polygraphic Input Box (PIB) 128 Figure 8.2 Visual stimuli of oddball task (box represents the standard 130 stimulus and sphere represents the target stimulus) Figure 9.1 3D game interface 138 Figure 9.2 Interface of 2D game 140 Figure 10.1 Flow chart of the experiment 155 Figure 10.2 A view of the stimulus as seen by the participants 156 Figure 11.1 Emotiv EPOC 16 electrodes 168 Figure 11.2 Block diagram of experiment protocol 168 Figure 12.1 Experimental design. The first row indicates the driving with 177 distraction and second row indicates the driving without distraction Figure 13.1 NHTSA statistics on crashes caused by driver drowsiness 182 from 2005 to 2009 ix x List of Figures Figure 13.2 Experimental setup 187 Figure 13.3 Experimental protocol 187 Figure 14.1 Design of experimental task 1 197 Figure 14.2 Explanation of timeline of task 1. Total time for one trial = 198 3800 ms Intertrial interval (ITI) = 2000 ms, Total time for one level (50 trials) = 3800 × 50 + 2000 × 49 = almost 5 min, Total time for task 1 = 5 × 3 = 15 min (exclusive of breaks between levels) Figure 14.3 Design of experimental task 2 199 Figure 14.4 Explanation of timeline of task 2. Total time for one trial = 199 4800 ms Intertrial interval (ITI) = 2000 ms, Total time for one level (50 trials) = 4800 × 50 + 2000 × 49 = almost 6 min, Total time for task 2 = 6 × 3 = 18 min (exclusive of breaks between levels) LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Detail of EEG devices and manufacturers 20 Table 1.2 Stimulus presentation software 23 Table 2.1 Delaying response text and speed up texts to show on 41 the screen Table 2.2 A summary of stressful feedback messages 42 Table 2.3 EEG/ERP data description 44 Table 2.4 E-Prime files of EEG stimulus experiment for stress and 44 control conditions Table 3.1 Available clinical characteristics of SSRI responders and 55 nonresponders who participated in the study Table 3.2 Description of EEG data files and E-Prime file 59 Table 4.1 Description of Bonn datasets 70 Table 4.2 Description of CHB-MIT dataset 71 Table 4.3 Description of European Epileptic dataset 72 Table 5.1 Sample size calculation 79 Table 5.2 EEG data description 83 Table 6.1 Description of hardware (equipment) and software 92 Table 6.2 Description of video clips in order of presentation 97 Table 6.3 SSQ Scores distribution 99 Table 6.4 EEG data description 100 Table 6.5 SSQ and feedback questionnaire data 101 Table 7.1 Detail of first session tasks 116 Table 7.2 Detail of sessions 2, 3, and 4 tasks 116 Table 7.3 E-Prime experiment design files 119 Table 7.4 EEG data description of session 1 119 Table 7.5 EEG data description of sessions 2, 3, and 4 120 Table 8.1 Data files description 131 Table 9.1 Equipment and software description 141 Table 9.2 EEG data description 145 Table 10.1 EEG and ECG data description 157 Table 11.1 Description of hardware (equipment) and software 166 Table 11.2 EEG data description 169 Table 12.1 Description of hardware and software 174 Table 12.2 Example of logical problems in the cognitive task 176 Table 12.3 EEG data files with description 178 Table 13.1 Description of hardware and software 185 Table 13.2 EEG data description 189 Table 14.1 Equipment and software 194 Table 14.2 Details of EEG data 200 xi PREFACE This book is intended for those who are planning brain studies using electroencephalography (EEG) as well as those who want to explore new clinical and behavioral applications using EEG. Prior knowledge of brain functionality and neuromodalities is required for understanding the material provided in this book. This book is not about EEG or about the brain; there are already large numbers of books available on such topics. Therefore, the reader may wish to go through the basics of brain anatomy and physiology as well as the basics of EEG before studying this book. Also, there are many good resources available on the Internet to study the basics of the brain and EEG. This book is specifically beneficial for those who want to venture into this field by designing their own EEG experiments as well as those who are excited about neuroscience and want to explore various applications related to the brain. This book details experimental design for various brain-related applications like stress, epilepsy, etc., using EEG. The main aim of the book is to provide guidelines for designing an EEG experi- ment. As such, the first chapter provides details on how to design an EEG experiment as well as the various parameters that should be considered for a successful design. Chapter emphasis is on ethical issues, sample size computation, and data acquisition guidelines. An example of stimulus experiment design is also provided. Various types of EEG equipment and software are also discussed in Chapter 1, Designing an EEG Experiment. The remaining 13 chapters provide experiment design for a num- ber of applications including clinical as well as behavioral applications. In addition, experiment design codes and example datasets for one sub- ject are provided with each chapter.