DOCSLIB.ORG

What Is Seascape Ecology? Seascapes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
What Is Seascape Ecology? Seascapes NRS 534 Term Paper BJC Fuller / Advances in seascape ecology: applying landscape metrics to marine systems 1(5) NEWS & VIEWS What is seascape ecology? seascapes. This newest branch of landscape ecology treats the physical characteristics of marine Landscape ecology is a relatively new, multidisci- environments, including geographic and chemical plinary field which studies the relationship properties, as fundamentally landscape-like between ecological functions and spatial patterns patterns which can be correlated with the ecology, (Boström et al. 2012, Pittman et al. 2011, Wedding life-history, and biodiversity of species in those et al. 2011), and was primarily developed to ecosystems. inform management practices in terrestrial The complex geographic heterogeneity that systems (Pittman et al. 2011). Several important exists on land does not end at the water’s edge; tools, models, and methods of analysis have geophysical processes give rise to incredibly emerged which advance our understanding of the diverse coastal environments which support rich influence of geographic heterogeneity on the species assemblages in both familiar and unique health and sustainability of ecosystems on several ways. We know that aquatic environments offer scales (Pittman et al. 2011, Wedding et al. 2011). special mechanisms for enhancing patch connec- Generally, these metrics assess three fundamental tivity and maintaining community structure, and landscape properties: 1) composition, the diversity these factors are crucial for sustaining the ecologi- of patch types; 2) configuration, the arrangement cal integrity of these systems from multiple of those patch types; 3) and fractal dimension, the perspectives. Some of the most commonly complexity of that arrangement (Wedding et al. recognized marine spatial patters include the 2011). patch mosaics of mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass While these tools have been developed for beds, and tidal marshes, and the zonation of rocky and applied in terrestrial systems for nearly 50 shore and salt marsh biota (Pittman et al. 2011, years (Pittman et al. 2011), their use in describing Boström et al. 2012). Additionally, seascapes may spatial patterns in marine contexts has only not necessarily refer to any particular physical recently emerged, prompting the analogous term geography of the underwater landscape, but can Ecol Fragmented Landscapes / April 2013 © 2013 (REV 118) 20130429 NRS 534 Term Paper BJC Fuller / Advances in seascape ecology: applying landscape metrics to marine systems 2(5) also be used to describe variation in chemical 2012, Berkström et al. 2012, Moberg & Rönnbäck composition throughout the water column. These 2003). These habitats provide a wonderful chemical ‘landscapes’ play hugely influential roles opportunity to assess correlations between flora, in the ecology of pelagic organisms, some of fauna, and the physical structure of the reef. which never encounter benthic geography. For Because of their incredible biodiversity, it seems example, Yu et al. (2011) studied the correlation fundamental that we understand how abiotic between the pH ‘landscape’, or what they refer to patterns influence species distribution throughout as the “ocean acidification seascape”, of nearshore reefs, which could allow us to break down the waters off California and the calcification of ecological complexity of these systems and have urchin larvae. enormous implications for the management of Most fascinating of all, though, is the applica- reefs worldwide. tion of landscape metrics which define pelagic Mumby (2006) attempted to accomplish some distributions of biota as seascapes themselves. of these goals by correlating the availability of Mitchell et al. (2008) described complex spatial mangrove nursery habitats with the health of adult arrangements of phytoplankton in the water reef fish, and then translating these results into column this way. These biological ‘patches’ algorithms that inform management practices. influence ecological functions, community The algorithms are fundamentally landscape- dynamics, and biodiversity in much the same way ecology-derived metrics, and assess the spatial as do geographic landscapes and seascapes, and distribution of Caribbean mangroves that provide they are, in turn, influenced by physical parame- high-quality habitat for juvenile fish, the connec- ters like turbulence. Phytoplankton patches don’t tivity between nursery sites and adult reef habitat, last long, only on the order of 100 to 1000 the relative importance of mangroves in providing seconds, but nonetheless they are distinctive nursery habitats for key reefs, and those man- enough to allow conceptual modeling of their groves which are of highest priority for restora- distribution, which has implications for determin- tion. These algorithms are all important in ing grazing efficiency and taxonomic diversity of understanding the affect of mangrove-reef spatial predatory species. It also emphasizes the concept relationships on reef community structure and of scale in the context of time in addition to space; biological sustainability, and operate in much the these biological seascapes might not be obvious at same way as similar metrics (like connectivity) do large timescales, but become readily apparent in terrestrial systems. when that scale is narrowed appropriately. This is Most recently, Olds et al. (2012) looked spe- probably the case with other dynamic mosaics, cifically at the correlation between mangrove-reef such as chemical seascapes. It should be noted, connectivity and reef complexity. They describe though, that no landscape (terrestrial or marine) is coral reefs as “mosaics of seemingly disjointed perfectly static; appreciating the lifespan of [habitats] that are functionally connected by the mosaics is critical in recognizing spatial patterns movement and dispersal of organisms”, heighten- which might be masked by assuming inappropri- ing the ecological parallels that exist between ate timescales. terrestrial and marine systems, and thus justifying the application of traditional landscape metrics in Coral reef connectivity and management aquatic environments. Using a combination of field surveys and satellite imagery, benthic habitat From the plethora of studies concerning marine classifications (including coral reefs, mangroves, ecology, we know that aquatic biota is indeed seagrass beds) were identified, and five spatial responsive to pelagic and benthic seascapes; by pattern metrics were used to quantify connectivity comparison, though, little has been done to assess between patches. They specifically highlight the these relationships in the way that landscape importance of scaling so that results are meaning- ecology has done for terrestrial systems (Boström ful and appropriate to the particular species of et al. 2012). However, several studies have used interest. These methods and concerns exactly these metrics to analyze aspects of coral reef eco- mirror the approach of traditional landscape spatial relationships (Mumby 2006, Olds et al. Ecol Fragmented Landscapes / April 2013 © 2013 (REV 118) 20130429 NRS 534 Term Paper BJC Fuller / Advances in seascape ecology: applying landscape metrics to marine systems 3(5) ecology, reinforcing the universality of basic appropriate patch types in which to apply those ecological norms across all ecosystems. techniques. Patch connectivity, of course, is an In broader terms, Berkström et al (2012) de- integral part of the tropical seascape which must scribe coral reefs as part of a more comprehensive be considered for these techniques to be success- network of patches, including mangroves and ful, especially when replacing ecosystem services seagrass beds, which they call “the tropical with technological substitutes. The Moberg & seascape”. In their extensive review of ecological Rönnbäck (2003) study emphasizes the im- connectivity in tropical seascapes, they find that portance of recognizing seascapes in developing the role of migrating fish in providing this management frameworks which foster eco- connectivity is not well-understood through any friendly technology and promote the resilience of particular study. However, through their assess- both ecological communities and the societies that ment of what little has been learned on the topic, depend on them. it is clear that these fish probably perform a number of ecologically important functions and Future considerations should be studied more heavily in the future. They also draw conclusions about the importance The application of landscape ecology to marine of understanding connectivity throughout the ecosystems seems obvious, necessary, and tropical seascape in the context of reserve design relatively seamless. For each terrestrial process and placement; while coral reefs are often the assessed by landscape ecology, there is likely an highest priority in determining the location of analogous marine process which can be assessed marine protected areas (MPAs), interlinked similarly. The future seems bright for this patches like mangrove and seagrass beds are rarely emerging field, which lies arguably at the cross- included. By appreciating the role of connectivity roads of landscape and marine ecology. Metrics between these patches in collectively maintaining have already been applied to map ecosystem them, MPAs might be expanded to include processes like benthic production, turbidity, and habitats which support reefs via these important denitrification, which advance our understanding biotic and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Across the Land-Sea Boundary with an IOOS Informed Seascape Ecology Supporting Ecosystem Management John P. Manderson1 and Josh
    Across the land-sea boundary with an IOOS informed seascape ecology supporting ecosystem management John P. Manderson1 and Josh T. Kohut2 The co-authors contributed equally to the development of this white paper 1NOAA/NMFS/NEFSC James J. Howard Laboratory, Highlands, NJ 07732 2Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 “..comparison of marine and terrestrial application of paradigms developed on dynamics has more than theoretical land to the problems of ocean interest. As we utilize marine and management fundamentally flawed. terrestrial environments, the The rapid evolution of the consequences, deliberate or accidental, Integrated Ocean Observation System depend on [ecosystem] responses to (IOOS) made possible through physical and chemical change. The interdisciplinary partnerships and imposition of terrestrial standards for networked data sharing provides marine problems may produce too strict descriptions of coastal ocean or too lax criteria--or most likely quite hydrography and hydrodynamics at fine inappropriate ones” (Steele, 1991) scales of space and time and regional spatial extents. This allows hydrography 1. Introduction and hydrodynamics to be placed at the Ecosystem assessment and foundation of a seascape ecology in the management in the sea is holistic, based upon interdisciplinary science that considers physical, chemical and biological processes, including feedbacks with human ecological systems, that structure and regulate marine ecosystems. Space and time based tools for the management of human activities in the sea need to be informed by a broad scale habitat ecology that reflects the dynamic realities of the ocean. Current spatial management strategies including marine spatial planning (MSP) and ocean zoning are based upon the patch-mosaic paradigm of terrestrial landscape ecology modified to consider principles of dispersal ecology, primarily for pelagic early life history stages.
    [Show full text]
  • Plankton Planet – Proof-Of-Concept & Perspectives
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.31.263442; this version posted September 1, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Plankton Planet – Proof-of-Concept & Perspectives Plankton Planet: ‘seatizen’ oceanography to assess open ocean life at the planetary scale Colomban de Vargas1,2,3 #, Thibaut Pollina2,4, Sarah Romac1,2,3, Noan Le Bescot1,2, Nicolas Henry1,2,3, Calixte Berger2, Sébastien Colin1,2, Nils Haëntjens5,2, Margaux Carmichael2, David Le Guen2, Johan Decelle6, Frédéric Mahé7, Emmanuel Malpot8, Carole Beaumont9, Michel Hardy10, the planktonauts, the Plankton Planet team, Damien Guiffant2, Ian Probert1, David F. Gruber11, Andy Allen12, Gabriel Gorsky13,2, Mick Follows14, Barry B. Cael15, Xavier Pochon16,17, Romain Troublé18,2 #, Fabien Lombard2,13,19, Emmanuel Boss5,2, Manu Prakash4,2 # 1 Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR7144, ECOMAP, 29680 Roscoff, France. 2 Plankton Planet NGO, Station Biologique de Roscoff & Atelier PontonZ Morlaix, 29680 Roscoff, France 3 Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France 4 Stanford University, Department of Bioengineering, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. 5 University of Maine, School of Marine Sciences, 5706 Aubert Hall, Orono, ME 04473, USA 6 Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA; 38054, Grenoble, France 7 CIRAD, UMR GBPI, 34398, Montpellier, France 8 Moana Fisheries Ltd, Cawthron Aquaculture Park, Nelson, New Zealand 9 On board ‘Folligou’ 10 On board ‘Taravana’ 11 Baruch College and the Graduate Center, Department of Natural Sciences, City University of New York, USA 12 J.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Connectivity in East African Seascapes
    Ecological connectivity in East African seascapes Charlotte Berkström 1 ©Charlotte Berkström, Stockholm 2012 ISBN 978-91-7447-477-0 Printed in Sweden by US-AB, Stockholm 2012 Distributor: Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University Cover photo: Ian Bryceson 2 Abstract Coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangroves constitute a complex mosaic of habitats referred to as the tropical seascape. Great gaps exist in the knowledge of how these systems are interconnected. This thesis sets out to examine ecological connectivity, i.e. the connectedness of ecological processes across multiple scales, in Zanzibar and Mafia Island, Tanzania with focus on functional groups of fish. Paper I examined the current knowledge of interlinkages and their effect on seascape functioning, revealing that there are surprisingly few studies on the influences of cross-habitat interactions and food-web ecology. Furthermore, 50% of all fish species use more than one habitat and 18% of all coral reef fish species use mangrove or seagrass beds as juvenile habitat in Zanzibar. Paper II examined the seascape of Menai Bay, Zanzibar using a landscape ecology approach. The relationship between fish and landscape variables were studied. The amount of seagrass within 750m of a coral reef site was correlated with increased invertebrate feeder/piscivore fish abundance, especially Lethrinidae and Lutjanidae, which are known to perform ontogenetic and feeding migrations. Furthermore, within-patch seagrass cover was correlated with nursery species abundance. Paper III focused on a seagrass-dominated seascape in Chwaka Bay, Unguja Island and showed that small-scale habitat complexity (shoot height and density) as well as large-scale variables such as distance to coral reefs affected the abundance and distribution of a common seagrass parrotfish Leptoscarus vaigiensis.
    [Show full text]
  • Seascape Ecology and Landscape Ecology: Distinct, Related, and Synergistic
    Wu, J. 2018. Seascape ecology and landscape ecology: Distinct, related, and synergistic. Pages 487-491 In: Simon J. Pittman (editor), Seascape Ecology, Wiley-Blackwell. Seascape ecology and landscape ecology: Distinct, related, and synergistic Jianguo (Jingle) Wu School of Life Sciences and School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA, and Center for Human-Environment System Sustainability (CHESS), Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China Most of ecological theories have been based on terrestrial systems although about 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by water (nearly 96.5% of which is contained in the oceans). Since Darwin, oceanic islands have long been used as “natural laboratories” for developing and testing ecological and evolutionary theories. Yet, terrestrial and marine systems had been studied separately with little scholarly communication until the 1980s when scientists began to compare and connect them in order to understand the earth as a whole ecosystem (e.g., Steele 1985, Steele 1991a, Levin et al. 1993, Okubo and Levin 2001). The past few decades have witnessed a wave of new research fronts that cut across marine and terrestrial systems. One of these exciting and emerging cross-system fields is seascape ecology, the topic of this book. Here I compare and contrast this new field with landscape ecology and discuss how they can benefit each other. Landscape ecology While the term, landscape ecology, was coined in 1939, initially as the study of the relationship between biotic communities and their environment in a regional landscape mosaic, modern landscape ecology since the 1980s has become a highly interdisciplinary and comprehensive scientific enterprise, with multiple definitions and interpretations (Forman 1995, Wiens and Moss 2005, Wu 2006, Wu and Hobbs 2007, Turner and Gardner 2015).
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Seascape Typology. I. Zipf Versus Pareto Laws ⁎ Laurent Seuront A,B, , James G
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Journal of Marine Systems 69 (2008) 310–327 www.elsevier.com/locate/jmarsys Towards a seascape typology. I. Zipf versus Pareto laws ⁎ Laurent Seuront a,b, , James G. Mitchell b a School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide SA 5001, South Australia, Australia b Station Marine de Wimereux, CNRS UMR 8013 ELICO, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 28 avenue Foch, F-62930 Wimereux, France Received 11 June 2005; received in revised form 22 December 2005; accepted 11 March 2006 Available online 22 February 2007 Abstract Two data analysis methods, referred to as the Zipf and Pareto methods, initially introduced in economics and linguistics two centuries ago and subsequently used in a wide range of fields (word frequency in languages and literature, human demographics, finance, city formation, genomics and physics), are described and proposed here as a potential tool to classify space–time patterns in marine ecology. The aim of this paper is, first, to present the theoretical bases of Zipf and Pareto laws, and to demonstrate that they are strictly equivalent. In that way, we provide a one-to-one correspondence between their characteristic exponents and argue that the choice of technique is a matter of convenience. Second, we argue that the appeal of this technique is that it is assumption- free for the distribution of the data and regularity of sampling interval, as well as being extremely easy to implement. Finally, in order to allow marine ecologists to identify and classify any structure in their data sets, we provide a step by step overview of the characteristic shapes expected for Zipf's law for the cases of randomness, power law behavior, power law behavior contaminated by internal and external noise, and competing power laws illustrated on the basis of typical ecological situations such as mixing processes involving non-interacting and interacting species, phytoplankton growth processes and differential grazing by zooplankton.
    [Show full text]
  • HETA ROUSI: Zoobenthos As Indicators of Marine Habitats in the Northern Baltic
    Heta Rousi Zoobenthos as indicators of marine Heta Rousi | habitats in the northern Baltic Sea of marine as indicators habitats in the northernZoobenthos Baltic Sea Heta Rousi This thesis describes how physical and chemical environmental variables impact zoobenthic species distribution in the northern Baltic Sea and how dis- Zoobenthos as indicators of marine tinct zoobenthic species indicate different marine benthic habitats. The thesis inspects the effects of habitats in the northern Baltic Sea depth, sediment type, temperature, salinity, oxy- gen, nutrients as well as topographical and geo- logical factors on zoobenthos on small and large temporal and spatial scales. | 2020 ISBN 978-952-12-3944-1 Heta Rousi Född 1979 Studier och examina Magister vid Helsingfors Universitet 2006 Licentiat vid Åbo Akademi 2013 Doktorsexamen vid Åbo Akademi 2020 Institutionen för miljö- och marinbiologi, Åbo Akademi ZOOBENTHOS AS INDICATORS OF MARINE HABITATS IN THE NORTHERN BALTIC SEA HETA ROUSI Environmental and Marine Biology Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University Finland, 2020 SUPERVISED BY PRE-EXAMINED BY Professor Erik Bonsdorff Research Professor (Supervisor & Examiner) Markku Viitasalo Åbo Akademi University Finnish Environment Institute Faculty of Science and Engineering Sustainable Use of the Marine Areas Environmental and Marine Biology Latokartanonkaari 11 Artillerigatan 6 00790 Helsinki 20520 Åbo Finland Finland Professor Emeritus Ilppo Vuorinen CO-SUPERVISOR University of Turku Adjunct Professor Faculty of Science and Engineering Samuli Korpinen Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 Finnish Environment Institute 20520 Turku Marine Management Finland Latokartanonkaari 11 00790 Helsinki FACULTY OPPONENT Finland Associate Professor Urszula Janas SUPERVISING AT THE University of Gdansk LICENCIATE PHASE Institute of Oceanography Assistant Professor Al.
    [Show full text]
  • Interregional Comparison of Benthic Ecosystem Functioning Community
    Ecological Indicators 110 (2020) 105945 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Ecological Indicators journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecolind Interregional comparison of benthic ecosystem functioning: Community bioturbation potential in four regions along the NE Atlantic shelf T ⁎ Mayya Goginaa, , Michael L. Zettlera, Jan Vanaverbekeb, Jennifer Dannheimc,d, Gert Van Hoeye, Nicolas Desroyf, Alexa Wredec,d, Henning Reissg, Steven Degraerb, Vera Van Lanckerb, Aurélie Foveauf, Ulrike Braeckmanh, Dario Fiorentinoc,d, Jan Holsteini, Silvana N.R. Birchenoughj a Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Seestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany b Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium c Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, P.O. Box 120161, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany d Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, Oldenburg 26129, Germany e Flanders Research Institute of Agriculture, Fishery and Food, Ankerstraat 1, 8400 Oostende, Belgium f Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement et Ressources Bretagne nord, 38 Rue du Port Blanc, 35800 Dinard, France g Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway h Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Gent, Belgium i Focke & Co., Siemensstraße 19, 27283 Verden, Germany j CEFAS Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33
    [Show full text]
  • Performance and Progress Report UNH/NOAA Joint Hydrographic Center
    Performance and Progress Report UNH/NOAA Joint Hydrographic Center NOAA Grant No: NA15NOS4000200 Project Title: Joint Hydrographic Center Report Period: 01/01/2017 – 12/31/2017 Principal Investigator: Larry A. Mayer 2017 30 January 2018 1 Table of Contents Flyers from the 2017 JHC/CCOM Seminar Series. 2 JHC Performance Report 30 January 2018 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................5 HIGHLIGHTS FROM OUR 2017 PROGRAM ........................................................................................................9 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 39 INFRASTRUCTURE ................................................................................................................................ 39 PERSONNEL .........................................................................................................................................................39 Faculty 40 Research Scientists and Staff .........................................................................................................................43 NOAA Employees ..........................................................................................................................................46
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the EXPERT MEETING on CLIMATE CHANGE IMPLICATIONS for MEDITERRANEAN and BLACK SEA FISHERIES
    FIAF/R1233 (En) FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report ISSN 2070-6987 Report of the EXPERT MEETING ON CLIMATE CHANGE IMPLICATIONS FOR MEDITERRANEAN AND BLACK SEA FISHERIES Rome, 4−6 December 2017 FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 1233 FIAF/R1233 (En) Report of the EXPERT MEETING ON CLIMATE CHANGE IMPLICATIONS FOR MEDITERRANEAN AND BLACK SEA FISHERIES Rome, 4–6 December 2017 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2018 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-130555-3 © FAO, 2018 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way.
    [Show full text]
  • Interregional Comparison of Benthic Ecosystem Functioning: Community Bioturbation Potential in Four Regions Along the NE Atlantic Shelf
    1 Ecological Indicators Archimer March 2020, Volume 110 Pages 105945 (17p.) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105945 https://archimer.ifremer.fr https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00593/70489/ Interregional comparison of benthic ecosystem functioning: Community bioturbation potential in four regions along the NE Atlantic shelf Gogina Mayya 1, * , Zettler Michael L. 1, Vanaverbeke Jan 2, Dannheim Jennifer 3, 4, Van Hoey Gert 5, Desroy Nicolas 6, Wrede Alexa 3, 4, Reiss Henning 7, Degraer Steven 2, Van Lancker Vera 2, Foveau Aurelie 6, Braeckman Ulrike 8, Fiorentino Dario 3, 4, Holstein Jan 9, Birchenough Silvana N.R. 10 1 Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Seestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany 2 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium 3 Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, P.O. Box 120161, D- 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany 4 Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, Oldenburg 26129, Germany 5 Flanders Research Institute of Agriculture, Fishery and Food, Ankerstraat 1, 8400 Oostende, Belgium 6 Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement et Ressources Bretagne nord, 38 Rue du Port Blanc, 35800 Dinard, France 7 Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway 8 Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Gent, Belgium 9 Focke & Co., Siemensstraße 19, 27283 Verden, Germany 10 CEFAS Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom * Corresponding author : Mayya Gogina, email address : [email protected] Abstract : Bioturbation is one of the key mediators of biogeochemical processes in benthic habitats that can have a high contribution to seafloor functioning and benthic pelagic coupling in coastal waters.
    [Show full text]
  • Advancing Landscape and Seascape Ecology from a 2D to a 3D Science
    Overview Articles Advancing Landscape and Seascape Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/advance-article/doi/10.1093/biosci/biab001/6129935 by Arizona State University West 2 user on 18 February 2021 Ecology from a 2D to a 3D Science CHRISTOPHER A. LEPCZYK , LISA M. WEDDING, GREGORY P. ASNER, SIMON J. PITTMAN, TRISTAN GOULDEN, MARC A. LINDERMAN, JEANNE GANG, AND ROSALIE WRIGHT Landscape ecology has fundamentally changed the way ecologists view the world through a greater understanding of the links between spatial patterns and ecological processes. Until recently, landscape ecology has been largely a two-dimensional (2D) science focused on the spatial patterning of 2D planar surfaces rather than three-dimensional (3D) structures. Advances in high-resolution remote sensing technologies, such as laser altimetry, acoustic sensors, and photogrammetry now provide the capability to map complex ecosystem structure in three dimensions, creating more structurally realistic models of the environment. In the present article, we focus on high-resolution 3D structure, using terrestrial and marine examples to illustrate how state-of-the-art advances in landscape ecology achieved through novel data fusion, spatial analysis, and geovisualization of environmental data can provide new ecological insights. These examples provide a look to the future in landscape and seascape ecology, where continued progress toward a multidimensional science will fundamentally shift the way we view, explore, and conceptualize the world. Keywords: habitat complexity, lidar, photogrammetry, remote sensing, 3D visualization andscape ecology, the study of spatial patterning but sometimes as a continuous gradient (Cushman et al. L and its ecological consequences, has markedly changed 2010). As such, quantification of landscape structure has the way we understand and manage ecosystems (Wiens been dominated by the application of patch-based spatial 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • A Quantitative Framework for Scaling Pelagic Biogeochemistry and Ecology ⇑ Maria T
    Progress in Oceanography 120 (2014) 291–304 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Progress in Oceanography journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pocean Hierarchical and dynamic seascapes: A quantitative framework for scaling pelagic biogeochemistry and ecology ⇑ Maria T. Kavanaugh a,b, , Burke Hales b, Martin Saraceno c,d, Yvette H. Spitz b, Angelicque E. White b, Ricardo M. Letelier b a Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA b College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 CEOAS Administration Building, Corvallis, OR, USA c Departamento de Ciencias de las Atmosfera y los Oceanos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina d Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA/CONICET-UBA), UMI IFAECI/CNRS, Buenos Aires, Argentina article info abstract Article history: Comparative analyses of oceanic ecosystems require an objective framework to define coherent study Received 31 December 2012 regions and scale the patterns and processes observed within them. We applied the hierarchical patch Received in revised form 7 October 2013 mosaic paradigm of landscape ecology to the study of the seasonal variability of the North Pacific to Accepted 18 October 2013 facilitate comparative analysis between pelagic ecosystems and provide spatiotemporal context for Available online 30 October 2013 Eulerian time-series studies. Using 13-year climatologies of sea surface temperature (SST), photosyn- thetically
    [Show full text]