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Report of the EXPERT MEETING on CLIMATE CHANGE IMPLICATIONS for MEDITERRANEAN and BLACK SEA FISHERIES

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Report of the EXPERT MEETING on CLIMATE CHANGE IMPLICATIONS for MEDITERRANEAN and BLACK SEA FISHERIES FIAF/R1233 (En) FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report ISSN 2070-6987 Report of the EXPERT MEETING ON CLIMATE CHANGE IMPLICATIONS FOR MEDITERRANEAN AND BLACK SEA FISHERIES Rome, 4−6 December 2017 FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 1233 FIAF/R1233 (En) Report of the EXPERT MEETING ON CLIMATE CHANGE IMPLICATIONS FOR MEDITERRANEAN AND BLACK SEA FISHERIES Rome, 4–6 December 2017 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2018 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-130555-3 © FAO, 2018 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. iii PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT This document is the report of the Expert Meeting on Climate Change Implications for Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries, held at the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) Headquarters, Rome, Italy, 4–6 December 2017. The meeting was organized to provide technical support in the development of an adaptation strategy to cope with the potential effects of climate change on fisheries, in the framework of the GFCM Mid-term strategy (2017–2020) towards the sustainability of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea Fisheries. The expert meeting was financially supported by FAO Regular Programme, GFCM and the WWF. iv FAO. 2018. Report of the Expert Meeting on Climate Change Implications for Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries. Rome, 4 to 6 December 2017 . Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 1233. Rome, Italy. ABSTRACT The Expert Meeting on Climate Change Implications for Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries, was held at the GFCM, Rome, 4–6 December 2017, with the objective to provide technical support the development of an adaptation strategy to cope with the potential effects of climate change on fisheries, in the framework of the GFCM Mid-term strategy (2017–2020) towards the sustainability of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea Fisheries. The meeting was attended by experts working on Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries and experts engaged in the assessment of projected impacts of climate change to the Mediterranean and Black Seas. The meeting reviewed the existing information on the observed and expected impacts of climate change on Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries, as well as the most relevant elements on vulnerability and the existing and potential adaptation measures. Agreement was reached on the need to enhance the knowledge on the implications of climate change to fisheries in the region and to identify options to cope with the expected impacts. In this regard, the meeting elaborated elements of a methodology to assess risks and vulnerabilities of fisheries to climate change. A roadmap for the review, endorsement and application of the methodology was elaborated aiming at contributing to the elaboration of regional climate change adaptation strategy in the mid-term. v CONTENTS Page BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................ 1 OPENING OF THE MEETING AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SESSION ....................... 2 OBJECTIVES OF THE MEETING ............................................................................................... 3 REVISION OF STATE OF THE ART ............................................................................................... 3 EXISTING AND RECOMMENDED ADAPTATION MEASURES TO COPE WITH CLIMATE EFFECTS ON FISHERIES .......................................................................................... 6 METHODOLOGY TO ASSESS THE RISKS AND VULNERABILITIES ................................. 7 ROADMAP TOWARDS AN ADAPTATION STRATEGY TO CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON FISHERIES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AND THE BLACK SEA .................. 8 CLOSURE OF THE MEETING .................................................................................................... 9 APPENDIXES I. Agenda of the meeting…………………………………………… ……………………. 10 II. List of participants………………………………………………………………………. 11 III. Future climate projections for Mediterranean and Black Sea………………………… ….13 IV. Generic matrices of climate change drivers and the expected impacts/implications to fisheries in selected Mediterranean sub-regions…………… ………………………. ……16 V. Generic matrix of climate change drivers and the expected impacts/implications to fisheries in the Black Sea…………………………………………………………… ….. 22 VI. Overview of the methodology for the assessment of the vulnerability of fisheries in the Mediterranean and Black Sea to the effects of climate change …………………………… 2 5 VII. Abstracts of expert meeting contributions…………………………………………… …. 37 VIII. Background document on the climate change implications for Mediterranean Sea fisheries……………………………………………… ……………………………… ….. 53 IX. Background document on the climate change implications for Black Sea fisheries…. 93 1 BACKGROUND 1. A variety of fishing activities have taken place in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea since ancient times. The relatively small volume, semi-enclosed nature and geographical location of the Mediterranean and Black Sea, as well as the characteristic of its ecosystems and species assemblages favoured the appearance of multispecies fisheries, in which the resources are shared among fleets from different countries. Fisheries in the region have an annual production of roughly 1.5 million tonnes and include a variety of benthic and pelagic fish stocks, molluscs and crustaceans. The fishery sector employs several hundred thousand people and supplies seafood products with an estimated minimum value (first landing sale) of more than USD 3 billion. 2. However, Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries face many threats and challenges, with most stocks suffering overfishing and ecosystems being affected by pollution and habitat degradation, as well as the appearance and expansion of non-indigenous species. In addition to these challenges, the Mediterranean and Black seas are considered among the areas of the planet that could be most affected by climate change. Climate change projections in the area include scenarios resulting in relatively large temperature increase, a decrease in precipitation and an increase in frequency and intensity of severe droughts and heatwaves. These changes are expected to interact with other ecosystem stressors as described above, and altogether generate changes in the marine ecosystem, as well as in current fisheries and aquaculture activities. 3. Within this context, Mediterranean and Black Sea countries, in the framework of the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and with the strong support of organizations such as the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), decided to include the development of an adaptation strategy to cope with the potential effects of invasive species and climate change on fisheries as a priority within their Mid-term strategy (2017–2020) towards the sustainability of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea Fisheries . This decision is in line with other international commitments, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as well as with the strategic view of FAO, which has been raising awareness on the potential interaction between climate change and fisheries and aquaculture, and providing technical advice on these issues. 4. In order to advance towards the goal set in the mid-term strategy, the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, the GFCM Secretariat and WWF organized a technical meeting to compile the current knowledge on the potential effects of climate change on Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries, as well as to agree on a methodology and a roadmap to provide advice to coastal states towards the assessment of vulnerabilities and the adoption of strategies to address the potential challenges of climate change on fisheries. 5. This document summarizes the discussion that took place within the Expert meeting on Climate change implications for Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries organized in Rome on the 4–6 of December 2017 and includes background technical documents summarizing the main climate change implications
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