Ariel Sharon ((Nacido Ariel Scheinermann))

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Ariel Sharon ((Nacido Ariel Scheinermann)) Ariel Sharon ((Nacido Ariel Scheinermann)) Israel, Primer ministro Duración del mandato: 07 de Marzo de 2001 - de de Nacimiento: Kfar Malal, consejo regional de Drom HaSharon, Distrito Centro, 27 de Febrero de 1928 Defunción: Ramat Gan, Distrito de Tel Aviv, 11 de Enero de 2014</p> Partido político: Kadima (ant., Likud) Profesión : Militar ResumenEn enero de 2006, un masivo derrame cerebral con resultado de coma irreversible puso repentino final a la vida política de Ariel Sharon, primer ministro de Israel desde hacía cinco años, antiguo general del Ejército y una de las grandes personalidades de Oriente Próximo, donde su polémico legado sigue plenamente vigente. Justo ocho años después, en enero de 2014, sin haberse recobrado de su estado vegetativo, el estadista falleció en un hospital de Tel Aviv a la edad de 85.Laureado veterano de las cuatro guerras libradas por Israel con sus vecinos árabes entre 1948 y 1973, en las que adquirió una merecida fama de soldado intrépido e indisciplinado, Arik Sharon colgó el uniforme para emprender en las filas del partido conservador Likud una carrera política desde la que continuó luchando por la consecución de sus ideales sionistas de engrandecimiento del Estado, aunque al margen del judaísmo religioso. El tanque y la excavadora siguieron siendo los métodos favoritos de Sharon, visto a sí mismo como un "guerrero" al que no le temblaba la mano para golpear implacablemente a sus enemigos en el campo árabe.En 1982, siendo ministro de Defensa con Menachem Begin, ejecutó la invasión a gran escala de Líbano para aplastar a las fuerzas de la OLP y permitió el asesinato por falangistas libaneses de cientos de refugiados palestinos, crimen atroz que le obligó a dimitir y le convirtió en un paria internacional. Aunque vituperado y temido en casa, Sharon se las arregló para seguir activo en la escena doméstica desde puestos ministeriales menores, que no dudó en instrumentar para subrayar sus credenciales de halcón hostil a toda negociación con los palestinos y contrario a la descolonización de los Territorios Ocupados.En 1998 Binyamin Netanyahu le nombró ministro de Exteriores y un año más tarde se hizo con las riendas del Likud. Sharon planteó una oposición férrea al primer ministro del Partido Laborista, Ehud Barak, por su voluntad de culminar la paz con la Autoridad Nacional Palestina sobre la base de nuevas retrocesiones territoriales y en septiembre de 2000 se paseó por la Explanada de las Mezquitas de la Ciudad Vieja de Jerusalén, gesto que fue sentido como una provocación por los musulmanes y que prendió la mecha de la segunda Intifada.Su incendiario movimiento http://www.cidob.org 1 of 35 proporcionó a Sharon, impensado ave fénix de la política israelí ya septuagenario, una victoria avasalladora en las votaciones de 2001 a primer ministro. El gran corrimiento a la derecha del electorado israelí premió la promesa del viejo general de devolver a toda costa la seguridad a Israel, golpeado por una sangrienta ola de atentados terroristas de las organizaciones extremistas palestinas, sin la cual no podría haber una "paz verdadera". La fórmula de la "paz por seguridad" reemplazó a la de la "paz por territorios", profundo cambio conceptual que, junto con la imposición de las dinámicas más violentas, vino a sepultar el Proceso de Oslo iniciado en 1993.En el lustro que siguió, Sharon, un líder de personalidad exuberante, desembozada y artera acostumbrado a salirse con la suya, hizo y deshizo en Israel y Palestina, y desafió sin costes propios a la comunidad internacional. Con sucesivas operaciones militares contra las ciudades y los campos de refugiados palestinos, a cual más brutal y destructiva, e invocando siempre la legítima defensa, persiguió aniquilar el terrorismo palestino y de paso demolió de manera sistemática las estructuras y los símbolos de la ANP, a cuyo detestado presidente, Yasser Arafat, negó validez como interlocutor, dio por desahuciado y puso peligrosamente en la mirilla de sus tropas. Mientras infligía matanzas impunes como las de Jenín (2002) o Jabaliya (2004) y multiplicaba los castigos colectivos, los asesinatos selectivos y las confiscaciones de tierras, el primer ministro presentaba la posibilidad, diferida a un nebuloso futuro, de un Estado palestino superreducido, desmilitarizado y subordinado, sin nuevas transferencias de territorios, sin retorno de los refugiados y sin capital en Jerusalén, y siempre que cesaran de raíz las agresiones contra Israel y que la ANP reformara sus instituciones. Con esta desvaída oferta, Sharon hacía ver a los palestinos que él no era todo intransigencia, que aspiraba sinceramente a la paz y que a su derecha había sectores muy radicales partidarios de soluciones más drásticas, luego les convenía aceptar.Haciendo gala de unas extraordinarias astucia y habilidad, Sharon, pescador maestro en el río revuelto de los atentados del 11-S y la invasión de Irak, consiguió imponer a Estados Unidos, el vital aliado y protector de Israel, su estrategia de hechos consumados. Todo un paradigma de la política exterior de la superpotencia quedó trastocado y la mediación diplomática activa de Washington en el añejo conflicto de Oriente Próximo dio paso a la asunción pública de las tesis israelíes. La Administración Bush, condescendiente a pesar de la acumulación de desaires y abusos de confianza de su díscolo socio, aceptó el muro de seguridad, una obra declarada ilegal e injustificable por el Tribunal de La Haya, y aplaudió el Plan de Desconexión de Gaza, consistente en la evacuación unilateral de la franja, incluidos sus colonos, a cambio de la conservación permanente de casi todos los asentamientos de Cisjordania y Jerusalén oriental, a cuyo "crecimiento natural" el Gobierno no estaba dispuesto a renunciar. Sin embargo, ambos proyectos subvertían los principios internacionales básicos de la completa retirada de los Territorios Ocupados en 1967 como condición para una paz justa y del no reconocimiento de la alteración unilateral de las fronteras. Además, pugnaban con la Hoja de Ruta, el plan de paz alternativo presentado por el Cuarteto en 2003 y que tenía como meta la solución de los dos estados, el cual Sharon primero acogió con desdén, luego dijo aceptar con una amplia lista de "reservas" y finalmente eludió cumplir, convirtiéndolo en papel mojado al dar luz verde a la construcción de miles de nuevas viviendas para colonos en Cisjordania.El abandono total de Gaza, que hacía enmienda de su anterior valimiento a ultranza del sueño expansionista del Gran Israel, fue presentado por Sharon como una "concesión dolorosa" en aras de la paz, pero la extrema derecha nacionalista, los ortodoxos sionistas y el movimiento de colonos lo vieron como una "traición". En 2005, la retirada del apoyo de estos sectores y la desintegración del Gabinete de coalición formado tras las elecciones legislativas de 2003 fueron remediados por Sharon con la repetición del Gobierno de unidad con los laboristas, que ya había funcionado entre 2001 y 2002. Apoyado en Shimon Peres y ?gran paradoja- el conjunto del centro-izquierda, Sharon consiguió ejecutar el Plan de Desconexión al tiempo que reanudaba el diálogo y escenificaba el final de una guerra de 5.000 muertos con el sucesor de Arafat, Mahmoud Abbas. A últimos de 2005, Sharon, harto de las constantes escaramuzas con su gran rival dentro del Likud, el ex primer ministro Netanyahu, y del boicot de los conmilitones inmovilistas tomó una audaz decisión que puso patas arriba la política israelí: dio portazo al que había sido su partido desde hacía tres décadas, puso en marcha su propia agrupación de reclamadas posiciones centristas y posibilistas, Kadima, y, de común acuerdo con los laboristas, declaró finado el Gobierno y precipitó el adelanto electoral. El dirigente reclutó para su nueva aventura a varios capitostes del Likud, empezando por su http://www.cidob.org 2 of 35 hombre de mayor confianza, el viceprimer ministro Ehud Olmert, y se dispuso a conquistar un gran triunfo electoral para seguir gobernando sin rémoras, dinamitando de paso la clásica hegemonía bipartidista con la inserción de una tercera fuerza en la Knesset. Sin embargo, en enero de 2006, a menos de tres meses de los comicios, el infatigable primer ministro fue fulminado por una apoplejía que lo dejó completamente incapacitado y a las puertas de la muerte. El óbito no se produjo entonces, pero Sharon quedó sumido en un estado vegetativo del que ya no salió.(Texto actualizado hasta enero 2014) http://www.cidob.org 3 of 35 Biografía 1. Un historial de soldado temerario e implacable 2. Halcón en lides militares y políticas: de la guerra de Yom Kippur al Ministerio de Defensa 3. La invasión de Líbano y el escándalo de las matanzas de Sabra y Shatila 4. Retorno al primer plano de la actualidad israelí: rechazo al Proceso de Oslo, ministro con Netanyahu y líder del Likud 5. La visita a la Explanada de las Mezquitas de Jerusalén: el rédito electoral de un lance incendiario 6. Sharon, primer ministro: estrategia de guerra antipalestina a ultranza en coalición con los laboristas 7. Desafío a la comunidad internacional: la masacre de Jenín y el muro de seguridad 8. Objeción de la Hoja de Ruta, derechización del Gobierno y el acorralamiento de Arafat 9. El Plan de Desconexión de Gaza, nuevas operaciones militares y tumulto en el oficialismo 10. Diálogo con Mahmoud Abbas, evacuación efectiva de Gaza y segunda alianza con los laboristas 11. Portazo al Likud, fundación del partido Kadima e incapacitación física 1. Un historial de soldado temerario e implacable Hijo de judíos ruso-lituanos emigrados a Palestina desde el Azerbaidzhán soviético, el padre, Shmuel Scheinermann, antiguo estudiante de agronomía en la Georgia zarista y sionista convencido, cambió el apellido de la familia por la forma hebrea Sharon, que era el nombre del valle que acogía el moshav agropecuario, Kfar Malal, a pocos kilómetros al nordeste de Tel Aviv, en el que se estableció junto con su esposa en 1922.
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