Books on Borgia 28-3-2008
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Family Networks in the Early Modern Mediterranean World
2020 VII From Rome to Gandía: Family Networks in the Early Modern Mediterranean World Alex Mizumoto-Gitter Article: From Rome to Gandía: Family Networks in the Early Modern Mediterranean World From Rome to Gandía: Family Networks in the Early Modern Mediterranean World Alex Mizumoto-Gitter UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS Abstract: Pope Alexander VI worked to maintain and grow his connections in Valencia through strategic positioning of family members, including his son Joan Borgia. Joan was married into the elite De Luna family and became Duke of Gandía, but struggled throughout to live up to expectations for a young adult nobleman. By following the correspondence between Joan and his relatives held in the Archive of the Cathedral of Valencia, it is possible to trace the frustrations expressed by all members of this expanding family. Joan acted out in response to the stress of the move and his new responsibilities, and in doing so repeatedly threatened his family’s regional goals. The marriage demonstrates the strategies elite families, papal and otherwise, used to expand their reach and grow their shared resources. Joan’s experiences in Gandía also provide valuable insight into the expectations of youth in the transitional space between childhood and full maturity. Keywords: patronage; nepotism; household; family; marriage; youth; networks; papacy; Spanish Italy; clothing Introduction: Positioning Joan Borgia n December 1493, the young Joan Borgia (1476–1497) received a sternly worded letter from his older brother.1 It opened graciously, calling him “Most Illustrious Lord and dearest brother,” before going on to scold him in no uncertain terms for his I misbehaviour in the newly acquired Duchy of Gandía on the coast of Valencia.2 Reports had reached Italy from Spain that the sixteen-year-old Joan, away from his family for the first time, had been gambling away his money, hunting dogs and cats in the street for sport, 1 For an overview of the family, see: Óscar Villarroel González, Los Borgia: Iglesia y poder entre los siglos xv y xvi (Madrid: Sílex, 2005). -
Renaissance Diplomacy in Practice: the Case of Gregorio Casali, England’S Ambassador to the Papal Court, 1525-33
Renaissance diplomacy in practice: the case of Gregorio Casali, England’s ambassador to the papal court, 1525-33 Catherine Lucy Fletcher Royal Holloway, University of London Thesis presented for the award of PhD 1 I confirm that the work contained in this thesis is entirely my own. Catherine Fletcher 23 April 2008 2 Abstract THIS thesis investigates the day-to-day practice of Renaissance diplomacy through a case-study of Gregorio Casali, one of a number of Italians in the Roman diplomatic corps who served foreign princes, in Casali’s case King Henry VIII of England. It outlines and analyses the key elements of the resident ambassador’s role, shifting the focus of study from the traditional emphasis on official negotiations and such formal sites for the exercise of power to consider too informal relationships and arenas for diplomacy. Chapters consider the diplomat’s role in Rome (the most developed diplomatic centre of its day); the relevance of family and friendship networks in Casali’s career; the importance of hospitality and liberality in diplomatic life; gift- giving and ‘bribery’. Drawing on recent scholarship relating to such issues as the house, household and gift-giving, the thesis situates Renaissance diplomacy in its broader social context. It thus contributes to the new trend among historians of diplomacy to adopt methods from social and cultural history, but, in applying the methodology of microhistory, takes this to a new level. As well as raising new questions about the role of the resident ambassador and his interaction with other diplomatic and political actors, the case of Casali and his family draws attention to the important issue of the employment of foreigners in diplomatic service during this period, allowing a consideration of how loyalty was understood and allegiances were managed. -
The Borgias: “Truth” Vs Reality
1 The Borgias: “Truth” vs Reality By Theodore Kemna Introduction As I described often in class for the last few months pre-quarantine, my research for our semester long project had been on the weirder and more taboo Popes, with my research question being “What absurd stories of old Popes are true and what are myths?” Unfortunately, through my research, though I came across some very odd stories from all over the history of the catholic church, I ended up focusing on the biggest of the more well known papacy-centric collections of tales, the saga of the Borgias, which made my research question more “What absurd stories about Alexander VI are true and what are myths?” by the end. Though in the course of my research some of the information that first piqued my interest has been disproven as most likely myths, I don’t wish to rob the class of these stories. That’s why I have decided to present the information as a “Truth” vs Reality article, in which I will first outline the “truth” of the stories as often outlined and believed in our modern day society, then counter and compare it with the reality of the actual situation. With that out of the way, here it is, presented in all it’s glory. “The Truth” of The Borgias In late July 1492, Pope Innocent VIII died, and the Cardinals of the Vatican were assembled to vote for his successor. In the center of this vote were two men, Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere and Cardinal Rodrigo de Borgia. -
A Papal Hall of State: Ceremony And
A PAPAL HALL OF STATE: CEREMONY AND MULTIFUNCTIONALITY IN THE BORGIA APARTMENT by EMILY BROWN KELLEY TANJA JONES, COMMITTEE CHAIR HEATHER MCPHERSON MINDY NANCARROW A THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the joint program in Art History in the Graduate Schools of The University of Alabama and The University of Alabama at Birmingham TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2014 Copyright Emily Brown Kelley 2014 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT Situated on the second level (piano nobile) of the Vatican Palace, overlooking the south side of the Belvedere Courtyard, are eight rooms or sale that comprised the papal apartment of the Spanish native, Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia, born c. 1431; r. 1492-1503). These spaces once hosted powerful cardinals and heads of state for diplomatic or religious matters. They also served as Alexander VI’s private living spaces. During meetings or meals with the Borgia pope, guests encountered a visual array of opulent fresco programs that included fictive tapestries along the lower half of the wall surface, vibrant narrative lunettes on the upper half, and lavishly gilded vault programs decorated by Bernardino Pinturicchio (1454-1513) and his workshop during 1492-94. Combining iconographic study, examination of primary source documents regarding court ceremony and use of the space, and architectural analyses of Roman palazzi from the period, this thesis offers the first sustained consideration of the multiple, and often overlapping, functions that the eight rooms of the Borgia apartment likely served during Alexander VI’s pontificate. Such an effort is especially important as Alexander VI’s apartment in the Vatican Palace represents the oldest surviving decorated papal apartment in Rome. -
Ming China in Vietnam and Valois France in Italy: Political Actors and Public Narratives of Invasion and Occupation in the Premodern World ______
MING CHINA IN VIETNAM AND VALOIS FRANCE IN ITALY: POLITICAL ACTORS AND PUBLIC NARRATIVES OF INVASION AND OCCUPATION IN THE PREMODERN WORLD ____________________________________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, Fullerton ____________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in History ____________________________________ By Joey Low Thesis Committee Approval: Gayle Brunelle, Department of History, Chair Jochen Burgtorf, Department of History Sun Laichen, Department of History Spring, 2018 ABSTRACT In 1406, the armies of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) invaded Dai Viet, or present-day Vietnam. Zhu Di, or the Yongle emperor (r. 1403-1424), ousted Ho Quy Ly (1336-1407?) of the Ho dynasty (1400-1407), leading to an occupation of twenty years. Nearly ninety years later in 1494, the French army invaded Naples in southern Italy. Charles VIII (r. 1483-1498) then ousted the Aragonese dynasty, all the while proposing to use Naples as a base from which to start a crusade against the Ottomans. Both conquests did not last long. The Vietnamese defeated their oppressors in 1427. A coalition of European powers forced the French regime back to France in 1495. The French continued to invade Italy until 1559. Based on its comparison within a framework of narrative theory of the public narratives as presented by the Ming dynasty and French monarchy to justify their wars, this thesis shows that despite their geographical, contextual, political, and cultural differences, the Ming and French invasions possessed three major things in common and one disparity: (1) both the Ming emperor and the French kings utilized just war concepts rooted in ideological traditions in their public narratives; (2) these rulers relied on dubious historical claims to justify their wars; (3) internal and foreign ministers exerted tremendous influence on the creation of these wars; and (4) both narratives differed on the prevalence of prophecy, a recurring element in Italy, but not in China nor Vietnam. -
Michelangelo and Pope Paul III, 1534-49
Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations Arts & Sciences Spring 5-15-2015 Michelangelo and Pope Paul III, 1534-49: Patronage, Collaboration and Construction of Identity in Renaissance Rome Erin Christine Sutherland Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds Part of the Classical Archaeology and Art History Commons Recommended Citation Sutherland, Erin Christine, "Michelangelo and Pope Paul III, 1534-49: Patronage, Collaboration and Construction of Identity in Renaissance Rome" (2015). Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 451. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/451 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Arts & Sciences at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Department of Art History & Archaeology Dissertation Examination Committee: William E. Wallace, chair Marisa Bass Daniel Bornstein Nathaniel Jones Angela Miller Michelangelo and Pope Paul III, 1534-49: Patronage, Collaboration and Construction of Identity in Renaissance Rome by Erin Sutherland A dissertation presented to the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences of Washington University in partial fulfillment of -
Niccolò Machiavelli's Use of Cesare Borgia in the Prince
UCLA UCLA Historical Journal Title Narrativizing the Self: Niccolò Machiavelli’s use of Cesare Borgia in The Prince Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/765418cc Journal UCLA Historical Journal, 29(1) ISSN 0276-864X Author Mizumoto-Gitter, Alex Publication Date 2018 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Narrativizing the Self: Niccolò Machiavelli’s use of Cesare Borgia in The Prince Alex Mizumoto-Gitter University of Kansas Introduction When Niccolò Machiavelli wrote The Prince in 1513 it was as a professional diplomat who had not only been fired, but also imprisoned and tortured after a political reversal brought a sudden downturn to his fortunes. While he had never managed to achieve high rank, he had made a career out of representing his beloved Florence beyond its borders and sending back information to his supe- riors from as far away as Spain. Machiavelli had even briefly served Florence as a military commander, although he is best remembered today as a political theorist and author.1 The Prince was influenced by his work experience and was intended to bolster his chances at finding employment under a new patron. Within its pages, Machiavelli set himself up as an authoritative figure, capable of offering military and governmental advice to a ruler through his analysis of other historical commanders, most famously Cesare Borgia. Machiavelli had been working as a Florentine diplomat during Borgia’s Italian military campaigns and had spoken with him several times, both then as well as later during Borgia’s imprisonment in Rome.2 Thus, it is not surprising that Niccolò Machiavelli recounted Cesare Borgia’s successful campaigns in the Italian Romagna starting in 1499 or his fall from power after his father’s death in 1503. -
Alexander VI: Renaissance Pope
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1-24-1996 Alexander VI: Renaissance Pope Jonathan P. Zorich Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the History Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Zorich, Jonathan P., "Alexander VI: Renaissance Pope" (1996). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 5213. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.7089 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. THESIS APPROVAL The abstract and thesis of Jonathan P. Zorich for the Master of Arts in History were presented January 24, 1996, and accepted by the thesis committee and the department. COMMITTEEE APPROVALS: Susan Karant-Nhrn, chair _ Franklin c. west -en Carr Kristof sentative of the Office uate studies DEPARTMENT APPROVAL: David A. ~o~nson, Chair Departmen-6-/of History ***~****************************************************** ACCEPTED FOR PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY BY THE LIBRARY , on /9.721'L.411£/ /994 ABSTRACT An abstract of the thesis of Jonathan P. Zorich for the Master of Arts in History presented January 24, 1996. Title: Alexander VI: Renaissance Pope. The life of Pope Alexander VI has been the object of controversy for centuries. He has often been portrayed in terms of moral extremes. Those historians who have been critical of his methods and motives have depicted the Borgia pope as evil incarnate. For them, Alexander VI was the ultimate symbol of papal corruption. -
Edinburgh Research Explorer
Edinburgh Research Explorer Reputation, patronage and opportunism Citation for published version: Richardson, C 2018, 'Reputation, patronage and opportunism: Andrea Sansovino arrives in Rome', Sculpture Journal, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 177-192. https://doi.org/10.3828/sj.2018.27.2.3 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3828/sj.2018.27.2.3 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version Published In: Sculpture Journal General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 27. Sep. 2021 Reputation, Patronage and Opportunism: Andrea Sansovino Arrives in Rome In the first decade of the sixteenth century, artists and architects travelled to work in Rome to help fulfil the ambitions of Julius II (reg. 1503–13), who envisioned the city as the triumphant embodiment of papal power.1 Michelangelo in 1499 and Raphael in 1508, for example, moved to the papal city relatively early in their careers, lured by the promise of wealthy patrons.2 Others, including Donato Bramante who arrived in Rome from Milan for the 1500 jubilee, had established their workshops and could rely on extensive cultural and political networks.3 Andrea Sansovino (1467–1529) was documented in Rome from 1505, responding to Julius II’s commission for the tomb monument of Cardinal Ascanio Sforza in Santa Maria del Popolo (fig. -
THE BORGIA BETRAYAL by Sara Poole
tHE BOrGia BEtraYaL by Sara Poole about the author • a Conversation with Sara Poole A Behind the novel Reading • Historical timeline Group Gold • “ the Hinge of History” Selection an Original Essay by the author Keep on reading • r ecommended reading • reading Group Questions For more reading group suggestions, visit www.readinggroupgold.com. St. Martin’S GriFFin Borgia Betrayal_RGG.indd 1 4/5/11 3:30 PM A Conversation with Sara Poole Could you tell us a little bit about your background, and when you decided that you wanted to lead a literary life? i grew up in a family of journalists who were taken aback when, at the tender age of twelve, i announced my intent to write fiction. i immediately set about doing so and have never stopped. along the way, i’ve worked in advertising, public relations, and publish- ing, but fiction has always been my lodestone drawing me home. i can’t imagine a life without it. “Fiction has Is there a book that most influenced your life? Or always been inspired you to become a writer? my lodestone as a child, i read everything from Lewis Carroll to drawing comic books (Little Lulu stands out in particular). me home.” i loved it all indiscriminately and gobbled up anything that fell into my hands. Somewhere along the way, i encountered Jean Plaidy in one or more of her various incarnations and became hooked on historical fiction. What was the inspiration for The Borgia Betrayal and its heroine, Francesca? Several years ago, i became interested in the wild plants on my doorstep that in one form or another are poisonous. -
University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting Template
AT THE COURT OF THE PRINCE: THE PATRONAGE AND ART HISTORICAL LEGACY OF CESARE BORGIA, 1492-1503 By ELIZABETH HILTON BEMIS A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2015 © 2015 Elizabeth Bemis To my family and friends who made the journey worthwhile, to Jane who made it possible, and to Dr. Barletta who helped me believe that I could – I wish you had been here with me at the end. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost I would like to thank my co-chairs Dr. Robert Westin and Dr. Elizabeth Ross for their guidance and assistance throughout this project. Dr. Westin thoughtfully agreed to stay the course despite his retirement during the early phase of research and I thank him for affording me and this work that continuity. Dr. Ross has worked with me since my master’s thesis; my scholarship carries a great debt to her perspectives and knowledge. Her counseling has been truly formative. This research was also enhanced by the other scholars on my committee, Dr. Barbara Barletta, Dr. Maya Stanfield-Mazzi, and Dr. Robert A. Hatch. A particularly warm thank you to Dr. Barletta who also served as my master’s thesis reader and who has, since I arrived at the University of Florida as a young graduate student, always been kind and supportive. Your continued and genuine care has been sustaining. Numerous libraries, archives, and historic sites have been utilized during the course of this dissertation and to all of them - this would not have been possible without you. -
Cesar Borgia in Viana Historical Memory in Navarra a Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Division of the University of Hawai'i At
CESAR BORGIA IN VIANA HISTORICAL MEMORY IN NAVARRA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY MAY 2014 By Allyson L. Mizumoto-Gitter Thesis Committee: Matthew Romaniello, Chairperson Matthew Lauzon Peter Arnade ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank the Oficino de Turismo de Viana and Dr. Jesús Usunáriz Garayoa at the Universidad de Navarra for their gracious help and assistance. iii Table of Contents Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………..ii Chapter 1: Introduction and Historiography………………………………………………1 Historiography…………………………………………………………………….4 Chapter 2: Contested Memory, Regional Identity……………………………………….26 The History of Navarra…………………………………………………………..30 The Life of César………………………………………………………………...51 Chapter 3: A Ghost in Viana……………………………………………………………..72 How Viana Shaped César………………………………………………………..73 How César Shaped Viana………………………………………………………..97 Chapter 4: Conclusion…………………………………………………………………..108 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………111 1 Chapter 1 Introduction and Historiography Viana is a small town a little south of the Pyrenees in the Spanish autonomous community of Navarra best known for being the final resting place of Cesare Borgia, the son of Pope Alexander VI and brother of the infamous Lucretia Borgia. Cesare has been written about for various (and sometimes contradictory) ends throughout the centuries, by both scholars foreign to the lands he lived in and those intimately familiar with him as a feature of their own local history.1 Because of the number and variety of retellings of his dramatic life and scandalous lineage, as well as for his impact on folklore in Viana in particular, Cesare provides an interesting case study for the creation and use of history and of the symbolic in maintaining and shaping local culture.