Index

2G 33 agent-based modeling (ABM) 83 3G 33, 477 Aggarwal, S. 17 4G 33, 477 Ahlborn, C. 206 5G 33, 126 Airbnb 185, 187 Akamai 7, 29, 34, 348, 350 ABC 460–61 Albert, R. 82 ABI Research 483 Alcatel Lucent 221 absorption costs 331, 339 Alcouffe, A. 65 abstract models 57 Alcouffe, C. 65 access fees 301–2, 304 Algan, Y. 106, 109 access markets 3, 23, 46, 199–200 algorithmic selection 15–16, 395–7, 418–19 access networks 5, 18, 29, 32–3, 36, 38, 40, 43, business models 407–9 301, 312, 348–58 innovation–co-evolution–complexity Acquisti, A. 252, 256 perspective 401–3 across-platform parity agreements (APPAs) market phases and structures 403–7 183, 195–8, 205 operation model and functional typology activism 166–7, 171–2, 176, 249, 357 397–401 addiction 148 risk reduction 413–18 Adobe 185, 555 selected implications for traditional media Advanced Network Services (ANS) 539 markets 410–11 Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) social risks 411–13 533–5, 547 see also ARPANET Alibaba Tmall 556 advertising 15–16, 96, 165, 276, 426, 440, 443 Almunia, J. 194 see also marketing Altavista 190 and algorithmic selection 396, 400–402, 404, 23, 152, 165, 187, 192–4, 196–8, 271, 406, 409–11, 416 374, 385, 388, 397, 403–4, 406, 411, 446, auctions 388–91, 394, 409, 427, 435–8 452, 460–61, 466–7, 480, 483, 486, 491, and big data 516, 519, 522 519, 562 brief history of online advertising 426–30 Amazon Prime 40, 556 see also LoveFilm and business strategies 351, 365, 372–3, 381 Cloud Player 562 and competition law 186–7, 189–90, 206 FireTV 555 and converged video services 476, 485, Instant Video 555–6 489–91 Marketplace 184–5, 205 and copyright 236, 241 Mechanical Turk (MTurk) 93 and cultural economics 149, 156–7 America Online 27 display 257, 385, 403, 427–8, 434–5, 440, 464 Anderson, C. 486 and the Internet of Entertainment 556–7 Anderson, P. 68–9 and online news 444, 446, 448–51 Anderson, R. 262, 266–8, 277–8, 281 and online video entertainment 461, 464, Android 61, 91, 191, 482 466–7, 469–71 angel investors 306, 310, 317 and privacy 248–50, 255, 257 anticompetitive market structures 193, 196, quality 392–3 198, 201, 219, 232, 250, 257 and search engines 385–6, 388–93, 406, antitrust policies 13, 24, 40, 45, 47–9, 97, 200, 427–8, 435–40, 452 204, 213, 471 see also competition policies targeted 16, 156, 187, 190, 249, 275–6, 427, cases against 183, 189–94 429–34, 464, 516 antivirus software 267, 270 Aereo 556 Antonelli, C. 15 Agence France-Presse (AFP) 454–5 AOL 39, 65, 447, 451–2, 544

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Apache 96–7, 111–12, 544 bandwagon effects 3, 39, 147–8, 153, 214, 225, Apple 13–14, 165, 183, 196–8, 257, 271, 373, 539, 547 385, 503, 519–20, 555, 562–3 Bangladesh 172 App Store 236, 268, 444 Barabási, A.-L. 78 Apple TV 466, 486, 555 bargaining power 235–6, 254, 307, 336, 353, iCloud 562 355, 358, 365, 374–6, 410–11, 471 iPads 198, 444, 452, 454 barriers to entry see entry barriers iPhones 290, 444, 452, 503 Bartelsman, E.J. 137 iTunes Store 152, 373, 459, 461–2, 465–7, Bauer, J.M. 12, 14, 204 486, 555, 562 Bauer, S. 15, 39 Newsstand 452 Baumol, W.J. 147 application blindness 292, 294, 297, 299, 302– Baumol’s cost disease 147 4, 306–7, 309–10 Bavelas, A. 77 application innovation 288, 297–311 BBC 444, 446, 487, 556 application programming interface (API) 30, BBVA banking corporation 510 267, 366, 371, 380 Beinhocker, E. 59, 61 application service providers 25, 40, 42–4, 349 Belenzon, S. 106 appropriability 15, 102–4, 115, 323 Belgium 8–10, 449, 454 apps 11, 27, 30, 61, 124, 127, 236, 267–8, 444, Bell System 531–3, 547 450, 452, 454, 486, 511, 515, 519, 557, Belleflamme, P. 519 560–61, 563 Benkler, Y. 12, 49, 104–6, 545 Argentesi, E. 189 Bergemann, D. 433–4 Argentina 192 Bermejo, F. 175 Argenton, C. 194 Berners-Lee, T. 27, 75–6 Aristotle 166 Besen, S.M. 14 Arnback, A. 275 Bessen, J.E. 102 Arora, A. 279 Bettig, R.V. 175 ARPANET 25, 28, 64, 66, 213, 426, 533–8, Bhuiyan, A.J.M. Shafiul Alam 172 544, 547 big data 16–17, 73, 381, 395–7, 416, 484–5 Arrested Development 481 definitions 510–13 Arrow, K. 56 economic value of data 516–18 Arthur, W.B. 38, 61, 222 ecosystem 513–16 artificial intelligence 401, 513–14, 561 innovation and competition in 518–20 Asghari, H. 14 opportunities and challenges 520–23 Asia-Pacific Cooperation (APEC) 250, 258 Bijourama 195 ASPNET 97 bilateral agreements 346–7 Associated Press 455 Bing 185, 189, 191, 373, 398, 408, 410 asymmetric information 247, 250–51, 253, 258, Bioderma 195 264–5, 271, 278–80, 336, 371–2, 375, 419 Bitcoin 496 AT&T 200, 216, 348, 350, 427, 480, 531–3, 537, BitTorrent 43, 46, 202, 459, 555 542, 547, 556 Black September 555 Athey, S. 433–4, 438–9 Blizzard-Activision 501 AtomFilm 555 blocking 201–3, 299–301 auction sites 3, 365–6 see also eBay 307, 309, 444 Australia 8–10, 255, 357, 451 326, 371, 379, 447, 450–52, 455 Austria 8–10 Bloomberg 445 avatars 497, 505 Bloomreach 515 Axelrod, R. 83 Bluetooth 33 Ayata 514 Blu-ray 460, 467, 483 see also DVDs Böhme, R. 269 Bachlechner, D. 269 Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) 534 Baidu 190, 398, 404 Bonatti, A. 433–4 Bakos, Y. 464, 466 Bonneau, J. 254 Baldwin, C. 99, 104, 328 Booking.com 185–6, 194, 198 Ball, P. 57 Bork, R.H. 192, 206

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Bosch Siemens Home Appliances (BSH) 195–6 and online news 443, 447 Boston Consulting Group Hacker Survey 106 and online video entertainment 470 botnets 273–4, 277 and search engines 388–9 bottlenecks 43, 46, 48, 193, 202, 277, 411 taxonomy of 372–4 Bouchaert, J. 254 and virtual economies 495 bounded rationality 57, 252, 258, 415 walled garden 26–7, 477, 555, 558 Bowen, W.G. 147 business strategies 365–9, 396 Bowman, W. 202 and business models 367–9 Boxee 555 for converged video services 476, 480–85, boyd, d. 512 491 Bracha, O. 192 core elements of 374–9 Bradley, C. 504 future of competition on the Internet 379–81 Brandenberger, A.M. 4 and the Internet of Entertainment 542 Brandes, U. 76–7 strategic properties of the Internet 370–72 brands 168, 196, 267, 271, 403, 446, 466, 480, Business.com 391 503, 563 see also individual brands business-to-administration (B2A) industries inter-brand competition 195–6 374 news 451–4, 456 business-to-business (B2B) industries 365–6, Braverman, H. 169 374, 416 Bravo, L.F. 200 business-to-consumer (B2C) industries 365–6, Bravo-Lillo, C. 270 374, 416 Brazil 120, 451 Buy 4 Less 205 Brecht, M. 269 Buzz 257 Bresnahan, T.F. 44, 68, 141, 339, 402 BuzzFeed 443 Brin, S. 388 Byrne, D.M. 126, 128, 141–2 British Telecom (BT) 487 broadband 5–6, 8, 11–12, 18, 24, 27–9, 32–3, cable TV 23, 28, 156, 206, 300, 349, 432–3, 446, 39–40, 42–3, 45–6, 137, 167, 202–3, 236, 461–2, 468–9, 475, 478, 481, 483, 485–6, 326, 347–50, 356, 450, 458–60, 463, 470, 488, 554, 556–7, 560 476, 480, 544, 547 Caillaud, B. 185–6 first-generation 27–9 Calo, M.R. 257 mobile 129, 326 see also mobile Internet Campbell, J. 257 ultra-broadband 27, 29 Canada 8–10, 172, 300–301, 450, 452 broadcasting 16, 23, 60, 127, 142, 147–8, 152, cannibalization 151, 380–81, 445 155, 170, 229, 231–2, 276, 349, 444–7, 450, capacity building 134, 265, 522 455, 465, 475, 477, 489, 556 capitalism 164, 166, 168, 173–6, 324 public service broadcasting 148, 446, 455 Cargill, C.F. 214–15 Broder, A. 81 Casadesus-Masanell, R. 339 Brown, I. 14, 47 Case, S. 544 Brynjolfsson, E. 124, 134, 336, 464, 466, 506 Cashin, J. 215–16 Buccirossi, P. 195, 205 Cashmore, P. 451 Buchholtz, S. 516 Cassandra 514 Buffet, W. 453, 543 Castronova, E. 16, 495, 504–5 Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) 129–31, Catchplay 482 133, 142 Cave, J. 256 Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 129, 136 Cave, M. 46 Bush, R. 64 Caves, R.E. 149 business models 24–5, 34 CBS 165, 460–61, 465–9 of algorithmic selection 402, 407–9, 411, CCP 502 415, 418 cell phones 126, 129, 156, 232, 391, 503 see also and big data 511, 515–16, 519, 522 mobile Internet; smartphones and business strategies 366–70, 375, 377–9 Center for Applied Internet Data Analysis and converged video services 475–6 (CAIDA) 81 and copyright 232, 235–6 Center for Strategic and International Studies and cultural economics 155–7 (CSIS) 278

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Cerf, V. 216 at the infrastructure level 199–205 certificate authorities 274–5, 280, 416–17 and online markets 184–9 Cesareo, G. 170 vertical restraints in Internet commerce Chakravarrty, P. 173 194–8 Chandler, A.D. 328, 330, 339 complexity economics 24, 55, 59–60, 62, 74 Chan-Olmsted, C. 446 CompuServe 27, 65, 444, 447 Chen, M. 276 Computer Science Network (CSNET) 538 Chicago School 202 computerization 395–6 see also digitization of Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act 257 information Chile 8–9 comScore 429–30, 461 China 120, 171–3, 175, 190, 300, 403, 405, 477, Comte, A. 73 483–5, 501, 503, 556 confidentiality 247, 253, 270, 275, 357–9 see China Mobile 220–21, 477 also privacy Choi, J.P. 204 congestion 35–6, 39–42 Christensen, C.M. 483 connectivity 34, 72 Chungwa Telecom (CHT) 476 ConsiderIt 415 Church, J. 49 Consoli, D. 334 churnware 444–5 consumer price indexes (CPIs) 129 Cisco 221, 325, 338–9 consumer-to-consumer (C2C) industries 366, citizen science projects 93–4 374 Clark, D.D. 15, 39, 213 consumption prices 129–31 Clark, K.B. 328, 334 content delivery networks (CDNs) 29, 31, class divisions 165, 169, 172 34–5, 39, 344, 348, 356, 358 Clauset, A. 79 content providers 13, 39, 43–4, 196, 199, 201, Clayton, R. 273–4 204, 264, 347, 350, 373, 414–15, 447, Clayton Act 204 458–9, 462–5, 467–8, 470, 483–4, 486, 545, Clerckx, S. 199–200 553, 556, 562–3, 565 click-through rate 385, 388–9, 392–3 converged video services 475–6, 490 Clinton, B. 447 business strategies for 476, 480–85 cloud-based services 23, 29, 121, 124, 126–7, case studies 487–90 132, 177, 281, 385, 431, 511, 553, 556, 559, development of 476–8 561–6 ecosystem and value chain of 478–80 Cloudera 514 revenue models for 485–7 CNN 444, 446 cookies 248–9, 431, 463, 527 Coase, R. 61, 254 Cooper, W. 387 Cogent 348 co-opetition 365–6 cognitive biases 247, 252–3 coordination-cost theory 307 Cognos 514 copyleft 93, 111, 115 Coleman, E.G. 108, 113 copyright 14, 92–3, 111, 146, 149–51, 157–9, Coleman, J.S. 85 169, 229, 242–3, 414–15, 454, 458, 464–5, collective management organizations (CMOs) 503, 512, 555, 563–4 231, 233, 237, 240–41 baseline model before digitization 229–33 Colombia 8–9 remaining data issues 238–42 Comcast 43, 46, 202, 348, 350, 354, 461, 556 transposing copyrights to the Internet 233–8 commodification 168–72, 175 Corbis 98 Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures corporate social responsibility (CSR) 415–16 database 266 Corrado, C. 12, 126, 128, 134, 136, 138, 141–2 commons-based peer production (CBPP) 95–6, counterfeiting 148 110–11 Covisint 374 Communications Act 203 Crackle 461 compatibility standards 37 Craigslist 185, 444, 448 competition policies 13–14, 24, 26, 47, 183–4, Crawford, K. 512 205, 346, 379–81, 417, 471, 478, 482, 532, Creative Commons License 96, 111, 237–8 565 see also antitrust policies creative goods and services 146, 148–50, 242 among search engines 189–94 see also cultural economics

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and copyright 229–31, 236, 239–40 Deezer 40 impact of Internet on 150–55 Defense Communication Agency 536 pricing models 155–7 degradation 201–3 credit cards 252, 256, 275, 277, 400, 449, 500, Degryse, H. 254 507 Dell 366 credit scoring 399, 401–2 Demange, G. 390–91 Crocioni, P. 200 Demetz, L. 269 Crocker, D. 217 DEN 555 Crocker, S. 64, 66 Denmark 8–10, 451 crowdfunding 372 Denton, N. 451 crowding out 105–7, 115, 204 Department of Commerce 216 crowdsourcing 92–3, 95–6, 371, 451, 545 Department of Justice 197, 205 Crucitti,P. 82 Deutsche Telekom 200 Cryan, D. 483 dial-up 5, 27, 29, 55, 66, 499, 544, 554 cultural economics 146, 553, 567 DiffServ 42 impact of Internet on 150–55 Digg 72, 85, 398, 408 and Internet content 158–9 DigiNotar 275 overview of 147–50 digital dark matter 139–40 pricing models 155–7 digital divides 412, 521 Cusumano, M.A. 334, 337, 339 Digital Equipment Corporation 214, 536 cyber insurance 269, 280 Digital Millenium Copyright Act (DMCA) cybercrime 46, 263, 265, 274, 276, 278, 464, 460, 464 470 digital rights management 241, 416, 459 cybersecurity 13–14, 86, 262–3 digital subscriber loop/line (DSL) technology attacker behavior 276–7 28–9, 32–3, 200 as an economic problem 264–6 digitization of information 5, 55, 140, end user and organizational security 268–71 146–7, 149–55, 159–60, 170, 234, 238–9, Internet intermediaries 271–6 242–3, 365, 396, 446–7, 553 see also policy options 277–81 computerization software and platform security 266–8 Director, A. 206 cyberwar 263 DirecTV 482 Czech Republic 8–10 discrimination 43, 66, 299–301, 310, 349, 412, 558 Dahlander, L. 112 price discrimination 203–5, 248, 302, 375, Dailymotion 461, 482, 484–5, 490, 555 434, 464, 467, 516 Danezis, G. 249 Disney 165, 411, 556 darknets 25 display advertising 257, 385, 403, 427–8, 434–5, DARPA 25, 213, 216, 387–8, 547 440, 464 data mining 513, 516 see also reality mining division of labor 172, 325, 328, 333 data protection 14, 47, 247, 250, 413, 416 see DoCoMo 338–9 also privacy DOCSIS 3.0, 32–3 DataSpora 514 Doctor, K. 454 dating sites 186–7, 366, 403, 405 Doerr, J. 483 Davenport, T.H. 324 Dolmans, M. 195 David, P. 38, 106, 211 Doms, M. 142 De Jong, J.P.J. 98 dot-com bubble 443–4, 459, 543, 555 De los Santos, B. 198 DoubleClick 444 de Martino, G. 490 Drake, W.J. 213–14 de Muyter, L. 199 Drudge, M. 447 de Peuter, G. 175 Drudge Report 444, 447 de Streel, A. 200 dual pricing systems 183, 195–6 Debatin, B. 251 Dungeons & Dragons 497 Debian 113–14 Durumeric, Z. 275 DECNET 216 DVDs 156–7, 229, 254, 459–60, 462, 464–5, deep packet inspection 303 467–9, 471–2, 483, 563

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Dyer-Witheford, N. 175 Euler, L. 73 dynamic coordination of knowledge 327, 335, European Commission 191–5, 200, 203–4, 337, 340 258 dynamic economic and social processes 84–5 European Court of Justice (ECJ) 183, 195 dynamic pricing 368, 464 European Parliament 206, 256 dynamic random access memory (DRAM) 126 European Union 28, 47, 49, 97, 173, 197, 200, 250, 257–8, 301, 414, 501, 503, 512 eBay 23, 184–9, 193–4, 271, 277, 304, 374, 388, competition policies 183 398, 400–401, 446, 519, 543 and productivity 122–4, 132, 136–7, 139–41 e-books 152, 183, 196–8 TFEU see Treaty on the Functioning of the Echostar Slingbox 555 European Union e-commerce 152–5, 160, 183, 194–8, 248, 251, Europeana 151 271, 358, 365, 374, 399–400, 403, 408, 413, Evans, D.S. 186, 188, 205–6 444–6, 450, 454, 485, 543 Eve Online 496, 499, 502 econometrics 150, 521–2 EverQuest 495–6, 505 Economides, N. 49, 204 EverywhereTV 556 economies of scale and scope 27, 36–9, 45, 186, evolutionary theory 4, 24, 61–2, 529–48 271, 327–8, 335, 405, 455, 553, 563 ex post liability 255 Edelman, B. 251, 279, 389, 437–8 Excite 447 e-democracy 75 Expedia 185–7, 194 education 148–9, 166–7, 232, 242, 273, 396, experimentation 92, 102 566 externalities 15, 24, 26, 37, 41–2, 154, 211, 501, e-government 75, 557 519 e-health 203, 557 and business strategies 366, 371 Einstürzende Neubauten 156 and complementarities 137–40 Eisenmann, T. 339 and cybersecurity 264–5, 272, 280–81 Elance 94 and evolution of the Internet 536, 539, Ellison, G. 205 545–6, 548 Ellison, S.F. 205, 439 negative 35, 247, 250, 253, 258, 264, 277–8, Elta 482 505 e-mail 84, 203, 248, 291, 296, 302, 326, 373, and platforms 323, 325, 327, 339 428–9 positive 37–8, 60, 264, 277–8, 506, 535, 541 employment 23, 146, 239, 396, 501 and productivity 120, 122, 127, 134–7, end use licensing agreements (EULAs) 500, 139–40 504 ‘eyeball’ networks 347, 350, 353–4, 358 end-to-end principle 30–31, 63–7, 288, 292–9, 303–4, 306, 309–10, 344, 346, 401, 545, Facebook 14, 32, 40, 61, 72, 156, 366, 451, 519, 547 545, 562 English, R. 106 and advertising 385, 391, 430 entrepreneurialism 25, 42, 44–5, 48, 58, 86, and algorithmic selection 397, 403–4 104, 290, 306, 310, 367, 451 and competition law 184, 187, 191 Entropia Universe 499, 502 and cybersecurity 271, 276 entry barriers 25, 45, 47, 237–8, 376, 406, 415, and online news 444, 450 453, 456 and political economy approach 165, 174–5 entry rates 24, 37 and privacy 251–2, 256–8 Erdős, P. 74, 80 and virtual economies 495, 499, 503 Erdős-Rény (ER) network 82 Faggio, G. 137 e-readers 124 Fallows, D. 385 Erickson, K. 159 Farmville 499 Ernkvist, M. 501 Farrell, J. 211 ESPN 462, 466–7 fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) 429 ESPN3, 350, 460 faucet-drain system 497, 499, 506–7 Estonia 8–10 Faulhaber, G.R. 206 Ethernet 64, 295 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ethics 151, 171, 412, 416–17 18, 28, 201–3, 206, 222, 532–3, 546

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Federal Trade Commission (FTC) 190–92, 249, G20 124 256–8 Gale, D. 390–91 feedback 24, 63, 107, 189, 307, 309, 335, 371, Gal-Or, E. 432, 434 400–401, 406, 453, 543 Gal-Or, M. 432, 434 loops 169, 406, 541 Galton, F. 73 negative 3, 62–3 game theory 24, 73, 83 positive 3, 45, 59, 62–3, 406 gaming 11, 16, 40, 153, 234, 293, 365, 372, 482, Feijóo, C. 17, 517 495, 545, 554, 561 see also video games; feminism 167–8, 170, 172, 176 virtual economies Fernández Álvarez-Labrador, M. 200 free-to-play games 495, 497, 502–3, file sharing 35, 157, 185, 204, 238, 296, 459, 506–7 464–5, 470, 555 see also peer-to-peer (P2P) games with a purpose (GWAP) 93, 115 traffic massively multiplayer online games 372–3, File Transfer Protocol 67, 535 498, 506 Filistrucchi, L. 189 mobile gaming 33, 495 financial service providers (FSPs) 274–5 real money trade 495, 499–507 Financial Times 444, 449, 452 Gandal, N. 49 Finland 7–10, 451 Gannes, L. 458 Firefox 91, 97, 257, 291–2 Gans, J.S. 49, 433 firewalls 303 Garcia, D.L. 17, 26 first-generation broadband 27–9 gatekeeping function 271, 373, 400, 402, 412, flat rates 39–40, 187, 356, 466, 565 519 Flickr 98, 307, 309, 371, 486, 555 Gaudin, G. 198 Florêncio, D. 271, 276–8 Gawer, A. 334, 337, 339, 519 follow-on creation 231–2 Gawker Media 444, 451 Fordism 325–6 Gaynor, M.S. 270 Forman, C. 136 gender 165, 169, 172 Fox 460–61 general equilibrium theory 45, 121 see also Foxconn 171 perfect competition France 8–10, 65, 198, 255, 405, 451–2, 454–5, General Public License (GPL) 545 480, 490 general purpose technologies (GPTs) 31–2, 36, France Telecom 65 44–5, 68, 135, 150 Frangos, J. 78 Generalized DiffServ architecture 42, 44–5 fraud 271, 275–6, 500 see also identity generalized first-price auctions 199, 389, 394, fraud 435 free and open-source software (FOSS) 91–2, generalized second-price auctions 391, 394, 95, 97, 99, 104, 106–9, 111–15, 170–71 see 427, 435–8 also open-source software Generation C 139 Free Press 176 Gerbarg, D. 458 free software movement 170–71 Germany 8–10, 198, 255, 405, 416, 451–2, free trade agreements 171 454–5, 556 Freeman, C. 324 Ghosh, R. 85, 105–6 Freeman, L.C. 77 Giddens, A. 172 freemium strategies 16, 157, 373, 449–50, 476, GitHub 95 485–6 Gizmodo 451 free-riders 149–50 global financial crisis 120, 122–4, 132, 137, free-to-play games 495, 497, 502–3, 506–7 427 Friedman, M. 57 Global Network Navigator (GNN) 427 Frischmann, B.M. 97 globalization 168, 171–2, 378, 553, 556 Frommers 98 GNOME data 112 Froomkin, A.M. 217, 504 Gnutella 555 Frye, C. 215–16 gold farming 501–2 Fryer, H. 280 Goldfarb, A. 257, 432, 435 Fu, W. 435 Gomes, R. 438–9 Fuchs, C. 170, 174 Gómez-Barroso, J.-L. 17

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Google 13–14, 47, 310, 325, 373, 397, 478, 519, Groupon 374, 377 545 growth accounting 121–2, 134, 136, 138, 141–3 Ad Auction 388–91 Guardian 455 AdSense 399, 401, 410, 444 Gurry, F. 237 and advertising 386, 388–92, 399, 401, 410, Gutenberg Project 151 427–30, 435, 444, 452 and algorithmic selection 398, 400, 403–4, Ha, L.S. 446 406, 408, 410–11, 416–17 Habbo 499, 502 antitrust cases against 183, 189–94 hackers 278, 500, 535 see also cybercrime Chrome 97 hacktivists 265 555 Hadoop 514 96–7 Hafner, K. 215 and competition law 183, 185, 187, 189–91 Hagiu, A. 31 and cultural economics 155–6 ‘half is wasted’ dilemma 430–31 and cybersecurity 271, 276 Halo 497 Google bombs 412 Han, D. 175 175 Hanaro Telecom 476 98 Handke, C. 12, 160, 238 191, 371 Hardt, M. 175–6 Google M-Labs 7 hardware 37, 47, 60, 136, 164, 190, 215, 217, Google Music 562 235, 264, 267, 305, 337, 339, 405–6, 408, 398, 400, 408, 410, 444 418, 477, 514–15, 519–20, 558, 561, 563 555 Harris Interactive 481 115 Haucap, J. 13, 205 40 Hawk, T. 462 191–3 Hayek, F.A. 56–7, 59, 61 Google TV 466 HBO 461–2, 466–9, 556 98 healthcare sector 270, 396, 522 and interconnection regulation 348, 350 Heimeshoff, U. 205 and the Internet of Entertainment 555, Hemerly, J. 515 562–3 Henderson, R. 339, 519 and online news 398, 400, 408, 410, 443–4, herding effects 84–5 452, 455 Herley, C. 271, 276–8 and peer production 91, 96–7 Hermalin, B.E. 203, 253 Play Store 268 Hewlett Packard 338, 545 and political economy approach 165, 175 Hilbert, M. 142 and privacy 257–8 Hildenbrand, J. 76–7 Street View 175, 256 Hitt, L.M. 336 Gordon, L.A. 268 Holland, J.H. 59–60, 63 Gordon, R. 124, 126, 132, 140 Hollnbuchner, K. 16 GoTo.com 388, 427 see also Overture Horizon 2020, 121, 523 governance 86–7, 91–2, 94–6, 98, 108, 110–15, hosting providers 271, 274, 278 271–2, 281, 397, 402, 413–14, 418–19, 521, House of Cards 480–81, 484–5, 489 531, 541, 548 Huffington, A. 452 platform governance 26, 323, 334–6, 339 Huffington Post 439, 444, 452 Granovetter, M. 83 Huhh, J.-S. 506 graph theory 73–6, 80 Hulu 98, 373, 460–61, 464–9, 478, 481, 486, graphical user interface 514 489–90, 556 Greece 8–10 Hulu Plus 464, 468, 486, 489 Greenstein, S. 49, 139 Hungary 7–10 Gross, D.A. 222 Huws, U. 170 Gross, N.C. 85 Hyperion 514 gross domestic product 121–3, 131, 133, 140, Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) 27 149–50 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 27, 64, Grossklags, J. 252 292, 295

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Iansiti, M. 337 and productivity 122–4, 126–7, 132, 140– IBM 47, 91, 96, 214, 216–17, 385, 406, 427, 41 536, 545, 562 technological see technological progress Iceland 8–10 and virtual economies 503, 506 identity fraud 248, 252, 255–6, 500 input-throughput-output model 397–8, 418 illegal activities 25, 263, 265, 400, 517 see also INRIX 515 cybercrime Instagram 562 income distribution 86, 166 instant message processor (IMP) 534–5 India 173, 192, 405 institutional arrangements 13–15 individualization see personalization insurance 269, 280, 375, 396, 512 Indonesia 405 integrated services digital network (ISDN) 48 InfoChimps 514 Intel 338–9 information and communication technologies intellectual property rights 13–14, 36, 95, 165, (ICTs) 11, 15 168, 174, 176, 212–13, 229–30, 289, 307, basic elements of 326–7 366, 377, 470–71, 503–4, 519, 523, 562 see and big data 517, 519, 523 also copyright and business strategies 365 and algorithmic selection 412–13 and cultural economics 146, 152, 154–5 Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB) 427–9 and cybersecurity 262–3, 268 InterActiveCorp (IAC) 403, 405 and Internet standards 216–17 inter-brand competition 195–6 and platforms 323–7, 333–4, 338–40 interconnection regulation 33, 344–50, 358–9 and political economy approach 164, 171–2 bounding the outcome of peering prices 127–31 negotiations 353–6 and productivity 120–24, 127–40 charging the consumer 356–8 and search engines 393 simple model of interconnection and cost information asymmetries see asymmetric 350–53 information International Association for Media and information cascades 84–5 Communication Research (IAMCR) 173, information disclosure 252, 254–6, 258, 273 176 information economics 264 International Competition Network (ICN) Infoseek 447 195 infrastructure 23, 25, 28–9, 32–3, 35–6, 38, International Confederation of Authors and 42–3, 45, 49, 67–9, 75–6, 396, 418, 453, Composers Societies (CISAC) 237 463, 514–15, 517, 519–20, 529, 533, 553, International Conference on Computer 557, 562, 564–5, 567 Communications (ICCC) 535 infrastructure as a service (IaaS) 29, 373 International Federation of the Phonographic InnoCentive 94 Industry (IFPI) 240 innovation 15, 24–5, 27, 29–30, 32, 37, 40–45, International Organization for Standardization 55, 58–9, 61, 67–8, 192, 233, 257, 262, 453, (ISO) 211, 216, 269, 279, 539 491 International Telecommunication Regulations and algorithmic selection 395, 401–2, 407, (ITRs) 222 415, 418 International Telecommunication Union (ITU) application innovation 288, 297–311 14, 18, 26, 218, 220–23 and big data 512, 515–16, 518–20, 522 Internet Activities Board (IAB) 213 and business strategies 366–7, 371, 377, Internet architecture 288–90, 309–11, 336–7, 379–81 465–6, 529, 535, 541 and cultural economics 151, 160 and design principles 290–94 and Internet architecture 288, 292, 297–309 impact of on application innovation 297– and the Internet of Entertainment 533–4, 309 536, 548, 553, 559, 564, 567 original architecture 294–7 network science approach 72, 87 Internet Brands 96 and peer production 91–2, 95, 99–102, Internet Configuration Control Board (ICCB) 104–5 213 and platforms 323–9, 331–5, 337–9 Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and and privacy 256–7 Numbers (ICANN) 26, 64, 541

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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) 14, Israel 8–10 26, 42, 45, 62, 64, 112–13, 211, 213, 215– Italy 8–10, 198, 451–2 19, 221–4, 559 iTunes Store 152, 373, 459, 461–2, 465–7, 486, Requests for Comments (RFCs) 64–7 555, 562 Internet exchange points (IXPs) 34 ITV 487, 556 Internet Explorer 97, 292, 544 Internet Governance Forum (IGF) 26 Japan 8–10, 28, 190, 405, 451, 477, 485–6, 488 Internet of Entertainment 17, 553–67 see also Jentzsch, N. 256 video entertainment Jin, D.Y. 172 Internet of Science 17 John, L. 252–3 Internet of Things (IoT) 17, 47, 124, 141, 177, Johnson, M.E. 270 281, 380–81, 395, 415, 511, 557 joint ventures 30, 171, 330, 332, 336, 477 Internet Protocol (IP) 18, 27, 29, 32–3, 35–7, journalism 16, 91, 170, 401–2, 407, 443, 39, 42–3, 45, 48, 61, 64, 66, 69, 79, 204, 446–8, 451–3, 455, 566 see also media; 218, 294–7, 459, 478–9, 535–6, 558 see also newspapers Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Jullien, B. 185–6 Protocol Jung, G. 506 and productivity 124, 131 Juniper Networks 221 Internet Protocol TV (IPTV) 475–8, 480–81, Just, N. 16 483, 485–6, 488, 490–91, 557 Internet relay chat (IRC) 276 94 Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) 541 Kahin, B. 458 Internet service providers (ISPs) 15, 32–4, 39, Kahneman, D. 247 43–4, 67, 344 Kaiser, U. 205–6 and business strategies 373, 381 kaizen 388 and competition law 183–4, 200–204 Kamangar, S. 388 and converged video services 484 Karamti, C. 142 and cybersecurity 265, 271–4, 278 Katz, M.L. 37, 203, 211, 253 and interconnection regulation 346–50, Kaye, B.K. 427 352–3, 355–8 Kazaa 555 and the Internet of Entertainment 544–6, Kelty, C.M. 108 556 keywords 192, 266, 389, 392, 447 and online news 447, 452 Kim, B.C. 204 and online video entertainment 470–71 Kim, D. 334 and productivity 129, 131 Kim, E. 432–3 Internet Society 26, 64, 213, 216, 220, 222, 541 Kindle 198 Internet standards 13–14, 211, 264, 269, 366, Kingsbury Commitment 531 559 Kinsley, M. 448 challenges to TCP/IP 214–17 Klemperer, P. 391 commercialization of the Internet 217–19 Knieps, G. 12 early history of 213–14 Knight, F. 57 economics of 211–13 Knight, S. 80–81 government challenges to the IETF process knowledge-intensive service sectors (KIBS) 327 222–4 Knowles, I. 16 MPLS standard controversy 219–22 Kogut, B. 334 Internet Studies 3 Kollock, P. 105 Internet.org 174–5 Kolstad, C.D. 255 interoperability 30, 37 Königsberg Bridges Problem 73, 77 investment prices 127–9 Korea 8–10, 28, 172, 192, 451, 476–7, 482, 485, invisible hand hypothesis 58–9, 165, 328 487–9, 501, 503 Ioannidis, C. 269, 281 Korea Telecom (KT) 476 iPad 198, 444, 452, 454 Koutroumpis, P. 11 iPhone 290, 444, 452, 503 Krämer, J. 201, 206 Ireland 8, 10 Kranz, J.J. 15 Isaacson, W. 120 Krishna, V. 391

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Küng, L. 16 Lucarelli, E. 222 Kwon, J. 270 Luchetta, G. 206 Lucier, B. 436 labor productivity 120–22, 127, 129, 132, 139– Luxembourg 8, 10 40, 142, 147–8 Lycos 447 Lahaie, S. 436–7 Lyon, M. 215 Landini, F. 104–5 Landweber, L. 537 Ma, W. 16 Langlois, R.N. 328 Maass, C. 410 Latvia 8–9 Maathuis, I. 214 Latzer, M. 16, 398, 404 MacKie-Mason, J.K. 35, 41 layering 30–31, 65, 288, 291–2, 294–5, 297, 309 Macleans 450 lean production 325 Macromedia 555 leapfrogging 190, 377, 379 Madison River Telephone Company 202 Lee, B. 506 magazines 187, 206, 386, 426, 440, 444, 448, Lee, M. 175 450, 452, 454, 462, 561 see also print Lehdonvirta, V. 501 media Lehr, W.H. 15, 39 Majumdar, S.K. 24 Leifiend, P. 80 Makro 195 Leiner, B.M. 218 Malaysia 405 Leonard, H.B. 390 malware 37, 72, 270, 273–4, 276 Lerman, K. 85 Manne, G.A. 191, 206 Lerner, J. 105, 217–19 Mansell, R. 172–3 Levchenko, K. 277 MapleStory 503 Lever, W.H. 430 MapReduce algorithm 375, 514 Levi, H.E. 206 margin squeezes 199–200 Levien, R. 337 marginal utility 3 Levin, C. 544 Margolis, S.E. 38 Levin, J.D. 134, 433–4 market equilibrium 3, 56 Lewin, K. 73 market failures 253, 258, 263, 278 Leyden, A. 195 market for lemons problem 265, 267, 271 Leyton-Brown, K. 436, 438 market power 38, 43, 45–8, 67, 152–5, 188–9, Liang, L. 437 200, 202–4, 301, 308, 324, 349, 353, 355, licensing 111, 212, 231–3, 236–7, 241, 416, 500, 357–8, 381, 411, 413, 418, 544, 564–5 533, 556 marketing 15, 85–6, 393, 413, 480 see also Liebowitz, S.J. 38 advertising; Limelight 348, 350 and advertising 432–3 Linden Lab 502 and big data 516, 519 Lineage 496 and business strategies 377, 380 LinkedIn 184, 192 and copyright 230–31 linkLine 200 and cultural economics 153, 157–8 Linux 91, 111, 113–14, 339, 352, 544 and the Internet of Entertainment 556, 563, Litan, R. 203 566 Litecoin 496 and online video entertainment 466, 471 Liu, Y.-l. 16 and political economy approach 165, 171, living standards 120, 122, 131, 139 176 lock-in effects 38, 115, 212, 243, 267, 269, 378, and privacy 247, 250, 252–3, 258 523, 564 markets, roles and limitations of 45–8 Loeb, M.P. 268 Marks, E. 506 Loggly 515 Mars Clickworkers 94 Lonely Planet 98 Marx, K. 73, 164–6, 172 long tail hypothesis 153–4, 450, 454, 462–3, Mashable 444, 451 467, 469, 471 massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) López, P. 142 372–3, 498, 506 LoveFilm 157, 482, 556 see also Amazon Prime MasterCard 271, 277

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Match.com 403, 405 Mosaic 27, 444 Matthew effect 78, 86 Mosco, V. 13, 170 Maurer, S. 97–8 Mostyn, H. 195 Mazepa, P. 13 motivation 13, 57, 91–2, 96, 98, 103, 105–10, McAfee, A. 124, 278 113–14, 298, 332, 346, 415 McChesney, R.W. 169, 175–6 and cultural economics 146–8, 150, 159 McDowell, R.M. 222 Motta, M. 200 MCI 542 Movielink 459 McLuhan, M. 564 Mowery, D.C. 215 Mechanical Turk (MTurk) 93 Mozilla 91, 97, 257 Media Science 515 MSN 386, 447–8 mediamatics 475 MSNBC 444, 447 Medoff, N.J. 427 multi-channel video program distributors Meehan, E.R. 169 (MVPDs) 460–8, 470–71 Megaupload 157 multimedia on demand (MOD) 476 meritocracy 112–13 multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) Merton, R.K. 78 techniques 126 Metcalfe’s Law 134–5, 140, 142 multiplexing 36, 126 Mexico 7–10, 300 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) 211, Meyer, D. 64 219–22 Miadidas.com 366 multi-sided platforms (MSPs) 3, 31–2 Michigan Educational Research Information multi-user dungeons (MUDs) 497–8 Triad (MERIT) 538–9 Murdock, G. 169 micropayment 236, 449, 454 Murray-Rust, P. 511–12 microprocessors 126–7, 140, 326 museums 147, 149, 151 13, 47, 91, 97, 115, 165, 185, 191, music platforms 399–400, 403, 406, 562 258, 267–8, 271, 277, 325, 338–9, 403, 406, music streaming 40, 152, 237, 241, 409–10, 419 410, 444, 447, 466, 514, 544, 555 see also creative goods and services Microwave Communications, Inc. 533 Mymuesli.com 366 Milberry, K. 171 MySpace 276 Milgrom, P. 433–4 MySQL 514 Mill, J.S. 164 Miller, A.R. 270 Nagaraja, S. 249 Miller, J.H. 59–60, 63 Nagle, F. 139 MILNET 536–7 Nalebuff, B.J. 4 MindArk 502 Napster 444 Minecraft 496, 545 Narrative Science 401 Minitel 65 narrow APPA 198 Miramax 459 narrowband 24, 27–8, 34, 566 Mitra, S. 279 NASA 562 mobile gaming 33, 495 NASDAQ index 542 mobile Internet 28, 33, 39, 50, 129, 232, 301, National Institute of Standards and 326, 349, 396, 428, 452, 454, 470, 475, 554, Technology (NIST) 216 557, 561 National Research Council 458 mobile TV 477–8, 485, 489–91 National Science Foundation (NSF) 27, 50, Mocavo 398 523, 537–41, 547 modular systems 30–31, 325, 328–9, 519 NSFNet 426, 537–41 modularity 30–31, 65–6 national security 263 monopolization 183, 200, 202, 254, 300, 315, National Security Administration (NSA) 14, 336, 411, 471, 532–3, 547, 564 400 Montesquieu 73 National Vulnerability Database (NVD) 279 Moore, T. 266, 269, 274 NBC 165, 447, 460–61 Moore’s Law 559–60 negative externalities 35, 247, 250, 253, 258, Moreno, J. 73 264, 277–8, 505 Morrissey, B. 427 negative feedback 3, 62–3

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Negri, A. 175–6 norm setting 108–9 Nekipelov, D. 438 normative framing 108–9, 114 Nelson, R. 62 Nortel 542 neoclassical economics 55–9, 100, 134, 264 North, D. 541, 548 Net Nanny 398 Norton 398, 400 net neutrality 201–3 Norton, B. 354 Netcraft.com 386 Norway 8–10 Netflix 29, 40, 157, 160, 300, 348–51, 373, NOTTV 485–6, 488 397–8, 403, 407, 409, 460–62, 464–9, 478, Novell 114 480–85, 489–91, 545, 555–6, 562–3 Nowey, T. 269 Netherlands 8–10, 391 nudging techniques 275–6 Netscape Navigator 27, 91, 97, 444, 542–4 network access points (NAPs) 33 O2O 483–4 network effects 3, 14, 27, 31, 36–9, 61, 115, Obama, B. 250 251, 386, 521, 539 Odlyzko, A. 40 and algorithmic selection 405–6, 418 OECD member states 6–10 and business strategies 366, 371, 378 OhMyNews.com 444, 451 and competition law 184–8, 190 oligopolies 149, 154, 164, 564 and cultural economics 155–6 O’Mahony, S. 112 and cybersecurity 267, 271, 275 on-demand services 160, 366, 410, 450, 463, and ICT externalities 134–9 471, 476, 481–2, 487, 491, 555–6 and the Internet of Entertainment 553, 559, online labor markets 94–5 564–5 online news 16, 152, 170, 189, 234–5, 257, 395– and Internet standards 211, 214 6, 399–401, 407–11, 414–15, 419, 443–5, and network science 78, 84–5 455–6, 566 see also newspapers and online video entertainment 466, 471 organizational implications 453 and productivity 122, 127, 140–41 outlook 454–5 network neutrality 43–4, 300 Web 1.0 era 445–8 network of networks 23, 25, 33, 55, 66, 344, Web 2.0 era 448–52 558 Ookla 7 network science 3–4, 12, 60, 72–3, 86–7 open collaborative innovation 94–5 contribution to Internet economics 82–6 open data 511–12, 522 evolution of 73–6 Open Data Institute 511 Internet global structures 80–2 open distribution models 238 major concepts of 76–80 Open Internet Principles 202 new economy 24, 49 open platforms 26 New York Times 291–2, 373, 444–5, 449 Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) 214–16, New Zealand 8–10 539 Newman, M. 75 open-source software 122, 171, 238, 267, Newman, N. 16 520, 544–5 see also free and open-source News Corp 165, 411 software newspapers 93, 156, 167, 187, 234–5, 276, 291– Operations, Administration and Management 2, 373, 386, 400, 409, 426, 440, 444–5, 447, (OAM) 220 449–50, 453–5, 467 see also journalism; OpinionSpace 415 online news; print media Oracle 514, 562 Nexon 503 Orange is the New Black 480, 489 Next Internet 177 O’Reilly, T. 427 next-generation networks (NGNs) 5, 18, 27 see Organisation for Economic Co-operation and also ultra-broadband Development (OECD) 222, 232, 234, Nielsen 430, 460 236–7, 396, 512, 516, 521 Nieuwesteeg, B.F.H. 279 Origin 498 Noam, E. 17, 253, 458 orphan works 150–51 Noel, M.D. 206 Osterwalder, A. 367 Nokia 156, 477 Ostrom, E. 106, 110 non-player characters (NPCs) 497–8 Ostrovsky, M. 438

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Johannes M. Bauer and Michael Latzer - 9780857939852 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/29/2021 04:58:50AM via free access Index 585 print media 16, 150, 170, 426, 430, 444–9, 451, Rdio 156–7 453–6, 467 see also magazines; newspapers Reagle, J.M. 108 Prisoner’s Dilemma 83 real money trade 495, 499–507 privacy 13–14, 47, 166, 247, 381, 518, 521–2, reality mining 396, 400 see also data mining 563–4 really simple syndication (RSS) 429, 444, 450 and algorithmic selection 395, 401, 411, 413, RealNetworks 555 415 RealPlayer 185 costs and benefits of 248–50 ReCAPTCHA 93 economic impact of regulation 253–8 receiving-party-pays principle 201, 204 justifications for regulation 250–53 Red Hat 91, 114, 545 markets in 253–4 Redbox Instant 556 policies 14, 251, 254, 256–7 398, 408 privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) 417 Reflect 415 prize systems 94–5 rent-extraction properties 105 Prodigy 65, 427 rent-seeking activities 46 productivity 12, 23, 120–41, 325, 327, 534 Rény, A. 74, 80 see also Erdös-Rény (ER) labor productivity 120–22, 127, 129, 132, network 139–40, 142, 147–8 Requests for Comments (RFCs) 213 total factor productivity 121–4, 131–2, research and development (R&D) 44, 68, 131, 134–5, 137–41 138, 142, 324, 328–9, 336, 338, 380, 405, profitability 11, 188, 277, 304, 327, 374–5, 381, 408, 516 397, 400, 409–11, 419, 433–4, 437, 476, resource constraints 3 480, 484, 489, 500–501 retailing see e-commerce Project Piano payment system 449 Reuters 445 property rights 253–4, 264–5, 500, 503–4 revenue models 14, 16, 235, 372–3, 409, 452, prosocial behavior 107–10 458–9, 461, 471, 475–6, 482, 490–91, Prüfer, J. 194 501–2, 507 Prusak, L. 324 for converged video services 485–7 Pseudo.com 555 Rey, P. 202, 206 PSINet 27 Rhapsody 156–7 public awareness campaigns 415 Ricardo, D. 164 public goods 97, 106, 109, 147, 150, 155, 157, Richardson, G.B. 336 159, 264–5, 545 rich-get-richer phenomenon 78, 86 public interest 11, 25 robot.txt 411, 414 public service broadcasting 148, 446, 455 robustness, of the Internet 81–2 public services 147, 150, 166, 278, 408, 523, 537 Rochet, J.C. 334 public switched telephone network (PSTN) 48, Rogers, E.M. 85, 540 346, 349 Rohlfs, J. 211, 539 Purcell, K.J. 385 Roku 555 Python 97 Röller, L.-H. 11 Romanosky, S. 256, 279 Qi, Q. 437 Romer, P. 58 QQ.com 404 Rosen, S. 153 quality of service (QoS) 26, 35–6, 40–49, 203–4 routers 41 Quill 398, 401 Rowe, B. 271 QWERTY keyboard 38 Ruby 97 Russia 190, 405 Rackspace 562 Ryan, B. 85 radio 26, 67, 110, 126, 149, 155, 163–4, 169–70, 231, 237, 430, 446, 453, 535 Sadowsky, G. 14 Rambler 190 Safari 257 Ransbotham, S. 279 Salon.com 444, 447–8 Rapid Information Overlay Technology Saloner, G. 211 (RIOT) 399–400 Saltzer, J.H. 292 Rapid Share 157 Samsung 486, 489

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Sandvine 351, 357 Sightsound.com 459 Santa Fe Institute 59 Simcoe, T. 215, 218 Santagata, W. 148–9 Simmons, C. 175 Saudi Arabia 300 Simon, H.A. 78 Saurwein, F. 16 Singapore 28, 405 Schafer, M.T. 546 Singer, H. 203 Schankerman, M. 106 single-hop access 354–5 Schiller, D. 172, 175 single-monopoly-rent hypothesis 202 Schmalensee, R. 186, 205 SK Telecom 477 Schneider, V. 12, 80 Skocpol, T. 529 Schneier, B. 276 Skype 29, 184, 300 Scholz, T. 170 Slate.com 444, 448 Schuett, F. 201, 204 Sling TV 462, 467, 556 Schultze, S.J. 12 Slovak Republic 8–10 Schumpeter, J 24, 58, 61 Slovakia 449 Schumpeterian competition 13 Slovenia 8–10, 449 Schweik, C.M. 106 small but significant non-transitory increase in Screenblast 459 price (SSNIP) 188–9 scripting languages 97 smart TVs 466, 469, 482, 486 search engines 15, 165, 185, 235, 254, 304, 365, smartphones 6, 30, 121, 124, 126, 141, 229, 385–94 see also individual search engines 236, 290, 450, 452, 477, 559–60 and advertising 385–6, 388–93, 406, 427–8, Smit, W.A. 214 435–40, 452 Smith, A. 56, 58, 164–7, 328 and algorithmic selection 395, 398, 400–401, Smythe, D. 163, 170 403–4, 406–9, 411–12, 414–17 SNA/APPN 216 and big data 514 Snapchat 72 competition among 189–94 SNL Kagan Research 468 and cultural economics 155–6, 160 72, 84, 555 see also Facebook; and cybersecurity 271, 275–6 networking and online news 447, 449 and algorithmic selection 395–6, 401, 406, optimization 400, 412–13, 439 409, 416 two-sided matching 386–7, 393 and big data 510 search management platforms (SMPs) 429–30 and business strategies 365–6, 368, 379 Sears 427 and competition law 184, 187 Second Life 496, 499, 502, 545 and converged video services 484 security 25, 46, 93, 132, 247, 255–6, 262, and copyright 229, 235, 240 303, 396, 409, 521–2, 563–4 see also and cultural economics 156, 160 cybersecurity and evolution of the Internet 545–6 self-regulation 45, 255, 397, 414, 416–18 and online news 444, 447, 450–52, 455 semiconductors 31, 126, 131–3 and political economy approach 165, 167, service providers see Internet service providers 174–5 (ISPs) and privacy 249, 252, 254, 257 SETI@Home 94 and productivity 124, 141 Severe Tire Damage 555 and virtual economies 504 Shapiro, C. 3, 37, 115, 211, 378, 458 social network analysis 74, 108–9 Shapiro, J. 106 social norms 59, 289 Sherman, R. 16 social welfare 247, 249–50, 396–7 Sherman Act 206 Socrates 166 Shetty, N. 280 software 11, 45, 59–60, 66, 198, 249 see also Shirky, C. 445, 545 free and open-source software Shortall, T. 46 and algorithmic selection 401, 405 shovelware 444–5 antivirus software 267, 270 Showtime 468 and big data 510, 512, 514–15, 519–20 Siciliani, P. 200 and copyright 229, 236 Sidak, J. 192, 200, 206 and cultural economics 149

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and cybersecurity 262, 264–8, 278 and converged video services 476, 485–6 free and open-source software 11–15, 91–2, and online video entertainment 460–62, 95, 97, 99, 104, 106–9, 170–71 464–9 and Internet architecture 298 and virtual economies 503 and the Internet of Entertainment 545, 556, Sun Microsystems 97, 215, 545 558, 561, 564 Sunstein, C. 258 and online news 445, 450, 452–3, 456 supercomputers 94, 142, 538 open-source software 122, 171, 238, 267, superstar theory 148, 153–4, 156, 159 see also 520, 544–5 winner-takes-all dynamic patches 267, 273, 279 supply chains 328, 377, 380 and peer production 91, 95, 97, 102, 105, 111 Supreme Court 200 and platforms 326–7 surveillance 14, 175, 191–2, 247, 249, 398, 400, and political economy approach 164, 170–71 406, 409, 415, 418 see also privacy and productivity 122, 126–7, 131 Sussman, G. 176 and virtual economies 504–5 Sweden 8–10, 198 SoLoMo 483–4, 491 Sweeney, K. 438–9 Solow, R. 58, 121–2 switching costs 184, 190, 267, 301, 308, 378, Somers, M. 529 386, 504 SoMoCloGlo 483–4 Switzerland 7–8, 10, 455, 556 Song, M. 205–6 Sybase 514 Sony 459–61, 502, 555 Syverson, C. 137 PlayStation 3/4, 466 PlayStation Vue 556 tablets 141, 229, 450, 452, 454, 503, 560 sources-of-growth (SOG) framework 121 Taiwan 171, 476, 482 sources-of-growth (SOG) literature 122, 134–6, Taleb, N.N. 62 140 Tang, Q. 273 South Korea 28 Tang, Z. 256 Spain 8–10, 405, 451–2 Taobao 404 spam 273–4, 276–7, 398, 400 Tardos, E. 439 spatialization 168–72 targeted advertising 16, 156, 187, 190, 249, Speta, J. 66 275–6, 427, 429–34, 464, 516 spillovers 25, 60, 122, 136, 138–40, 325, 546–7 taste formation 12, 147, 150 Spotify 40, 156–7, 241, 373, 397–8, 400, 403, taxes 157, 171, 346, 417, 505, 557 411, 562 Taylor, C.R. 248 Sprint 542 technological progress 3–12, 23–4, 26–7, Spulber, D.F. 86 29, 32–3, 35–9, 44, 48–9, 55, 58, 60, 62, Sputnik 533 84, 91, 165, 174, 263, 417, 501, 529 see Stallman, R. 111 also information and communication standardization 14, 30, 38–9, 327, 416, 523, 564 technologies see also Internet standards and advertising 426–7, 430 standard-setting organizations (SSOs) 212–13, and algorithmic selection 396, 402, 413–15, 218–19 418 Star Wars: Galaxies 502 and big data 510, 515, 519, 521–3 start-ups 60, 305–6, 324, 367, 447, 450, 452 see and business strategies 365–7, 370–71, 375, also entrepreneurialism 377–8 Stein, B. 50 and converged video services 475, 478 Stepan, P. 12 and copyright 229, 233, 238 Strickling, L.E. 222 and interconnection regulation 345, 349 Strogatz, S.H. 78 and Internet architecture 304 strongly connected component (SCC) 81 and the Internet of Entertainment 531–4, structuration 168–72 540–42, 544, 548, 553–4, 556, 558–9, Stühmeier, T. 13 561, 564, 567 subscription models 156–7, 236, 241, 344, 346, and Internet standards 211–12, 216–19 356, 372–3, 409–10, 445, 448–50, 500, 522, and online news 443–4, 447, 451, 456 556 and online video entertainment 458–9, 469

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and platforms 323–8, 331–5, 337–9 Tsai, J. 251 and privacy 254, 256 Tucker, C. 257, 270 and productivity 120–21, 124–7, 131–2, 135 Turkey 8–10 Tee, R. 339 TV Everywhere 460, 465, 467, 470 telecom services 126–7, 131, 137, 172, 184, 326, Tversky, A. 247 345–6, 475–6, 480, 531, 542–3, 547, 556–7 Twitter 72, 85, 156, 174, 192, 257, 404, 444, Telecommunications Act 1996, 542 450–51 Telefónica 200, 562 two-sided matching 386–7, 393 telemarketing 248–9, 253 TeliaSonera 200 Ubuntu 114 TeraData 514 UDN 482 Terranova, T. 175 Ultima Online 496, 498–9, 502, 506 Text Retrieval and Extraction Conference ultra-broadband 27, 29, 326 see also next- 387–8 generation networks Thailand 405 unauthorized copying 149–50, 159 see also Thaler, R. 258 copyright; piracy The Onion 462 unbundling 193–4, 236, 529 The World 27, 50 Union for Democratic Communication 176 theoretical foundations 12–13 United Arab Emirates 300 third-party cookies 248–9, 257 United Kingdom 8, 10, 198, 255, 405, 451–2, Thomas, R.C. 279 455, 481, 487, 512 Thompson, D.R.M. 436, 438 United States 8–10, 14, 39, 43, 47, 255–6, 358, TIBCO 514 367, 386, 512, 529 Ticketmaster 152 and advertising 426, 428–30, 440 tier 1 networks 34, 272 and algorithmic selection 403–5, 416–17 Time Warner 350, 544, 556 and competition law 183, 192, 195–6, Tirole, J. 105, 202, 206, 217–19, 334 200–206 Tiropanis, T. 75 and converged video services 476–7, 480, TNZ 451 483, 489–90 TopCoder 94 and cybersecurity 270–73, 275, 279 Torvalds, Linus 113 interconnection regulation 344–5, 348–9, total factor productivity (TFP) 121–4, 131–2, 356–7 134–5, 137–41 and Internet architecture 300–301 Towse, R. 12, 147, 160, 238 and the Internet of Entertainment 531–3, trademark law 169, 229 537–40, 543, 545–6, 556, 558, 560 traffic management 28–9, 32–6, 39–46, 126, and Internet standards 216–17, 222–3 141, 201, 211, 272–3, 276–7, 303, 344–5, and online news 446–7, 451–2, 454–5 347–9, 352–3, 355, 357–8, 557 and online video entertainment 458–60 Trajtenberg, M. 44, 68, 141 and peer production 97, 106 transaction costs 31, 61, 152, 230, 232–3, 238, and political economy approach 160, 241, 253–4, 256, 307, 358, 365–6, 372, 172–3 374–5, 378, 401, 407, 419, 429, 449, 541 and privacy 249–50, 257–8 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet and productivity 120–24, 126–9, 131–3, Protocol (TCP/IP) 28–9, 34–5, 39–41, 44, 136–7, 139–40 46, 63, 66, 295–7, 535–6, 539, 547 and virtual economies 501, 503, 523 challenges to 214–17 universal mobile telecommunications system transparency 29, 40, 43, 46, 66, 109, 112, 114, (UMTS) 326 194, 203, 237, 247, 358–9, 365, 416 Universal Service Directive 203–4 transport payments 349, 357 universalism 166 Treaty on the Functioning of the European universality 15, 26, 79, 370, 372–4, 430, 564 Union (TFEU) 183, 195, 197, 200, 203–4 Unix 215 Trinko 200 Upwork 94 TripAdvisor 95, 98, 187 79, 271, 277, 503 trust 112, 290, 330–31, 401 User Data Protocol (UDP) 64, 295–7 TRUSTe 251 user reputation 187–8

Johannes M. Bauer and Michael Latzer - 9780857939852 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/29/2021 04:58:50AM via free access Index 589 user-generated content 146, 148–9, 158–9, Vimeo 98, 461, 469, 555 170, 240, 450, 460–62, 464, 466, 469, 555, Virgin Media 481 561 virtual economies 495–7, 506–7 and online video entertainment 458 how the real and virtual economy interact Uzzi, B. 536 499–504 origins of 497–9 Vail, T. 532 research in 504–6 value chains 277, 344, 349, 365, 374–5, 377–8, virtual worlds 16, 495–7, 499–501, 503, 505–6 380, 408, 476, 478–80 viruses 86 of converged video services 478–80 VISA 271, 277 and copyright 230, 235–6 Vogel, L. 195 value creation 134, 371, 380, 397, 402, 407–9, Voice-over-IP (VoIP) 32, 38, 41, 47, 202, 459 373 value proposition 407–8 Von Hippel, E. 98–9, 101, 104 van Ahn, L. 93, 115 von Wiese, L. 73 van Ark, B. 12, 123 Vratonjic, N. 275 Van Beijnum, I. 220 VUDU 460, 555 van Eeten, M. 14, 273 van Schewick, B. 14–15, 201, 295, 297 wage labor 169–70, 174 vanishing hand hypothesis 328 Waldfogel, J. 24 Varian, H.R. 3, 15, 35, 41, 115, 248–9, 378, Wales, J. 113 389–90, 427, 435, 437–8, 458, 511 Wall Street Journal 349, 445 Vasek, M. 274 walled garden business model 25, 27, 477, 555, Veach, E. 388 558 Veljanovski, C. 200 Wal-Mart 460, 555 venture capitalism 306, 310, 330 Walrus, L. 56 Venturini, F. 479 Wanadoo 200 Verizon 202, 350, 461, 482, 556, 562 Wanamaker, J. 430 vertically-related markets 42–3 Wang, Q.-H. 505–6 Vespignani, A. 79 Warner Bros. 451 Viacom 461, 465, 467, 556 Warsaw Institute for Economic Studies 512 Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) mechanism Wash, R. 270 390–91, 437 Washington Post Company 448 video conferencing 41, 302 Wasko, J. 173 video entertainment 11, 23, 33, 38, 98, 232, Waterman, D. 16 234–5, 240–41, 300, 344, 403, 452, 458–9, Watts, D.J. 77–8 475, 554, 557, 567 see also converged Waverman, L. 11 video services; creative goods and services Waz, J. 222 as agent of change 558–61 Web 1.0, 443–4 comparisons to offline media 462–5 Web 2.0, 72, 379, 395, 427, 444, 450 content aggregation and market structure weblogs see blogs 465–7 Weblogs Inc. 107 future of online entertainment 470 WeChat 484 industry development 459–62 Weiser, P.J. 218, 222 multi-media windowing model 467–70 Werbach, K. 66 programming content 467–70 Westin, A. 247 research needs 470–71 WhatsApp 32, 184 video games 41, 151, 153, 458, 495–6, Wheelwright, S.C. 334 498–9, 503–4 see also virtual economies; Whinston, M.D. 206 individual games White, A. 198 real money trade 495, 499–507 White, H.C. 83 video journalism 91 Whitt, R.S. 12 video on demand (VOD) services 460–61, Wi-Fi 33, 110 463–9, 476, 486–7 91–2, 95, 97, 100, 106–9, 111–13, Vietnam 405 192, 403–4, 444, 451–2, 544

Johannes M. Bauer and Michael Latzer - 9780857939852 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/29/2021 04:58:50AM via free access 590 Handbook on the economics of the Internet 371, 379 see also individual wikis World Wide Web 5, 16, 27, 39, 75, 81, 100, 126, 96 304, 401, 541–3, 547 96 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) 64 Wildenbeest, M.R. 198 worm attacks 267 Wildman, S.S. 16, 432–3 Wright, J. 31, 191, 206 Williams, D. 505 Wu, T. 46 Willinger, W. 79 Wunsch-Vincent, S. 14 Wilson, F. 484, 486 WiMax 33 xDSL services 29 Windows 267–8, 444, 562 winner-takes-all dynamic 86, 148, 154, 156, Yahoo! 190–91, 291, 310, 386, 388, 392, 398, 160, 406 see also superstar theory 404, 408, 410, 430, 435, 444, 447, 555 wireless capacity 124, 126 Yandex 190 wireless local area networks (WLANs) 33 Yelp 95–6 wireless personal area networks (WPANs) 33 Yoffie, R. 339 Wittneben, B. 249 Yoo, B. 506 Wondracek, G. 276 Yoo, C.S. 86 Wood, D. 271 Youku Toudu 555 Workshop on the Economics of Information YouTube 72, 98, 191, 241, 348, 350, 404, 444, Security (WEIS) 266 450, 459–64, 466, 469, 478, 482, 484–5, World Association of Newspapers 448 488, 545, 555–6 World Conference on International YouView 482, 487 Telecommunications (WCIT) 222–3 Yuan, J. 435 World Intellectual Property Organization Yves Saint Laurent perfume 195 (WIPO) 240 World of Warcraft 372–3, 496, 499, 501, 506 Zattoo 556 World Summit on the Information Society Zerdick, A. 372 (WSIS) 174 zero-price rule 44, 99, 201, 204, 346 world systems theory 168 Zeus 276 World Telecommunication Standardization Zhang, X. 435 Assembly (WTSA) 221 Zhao, Y. 172–3 World Trade Organization (WTO) 174 Zittrain, J. 480

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