June 20Th Kirsch Also Proposed the Kirsch 1950, and a Full Scale Version Operator for Edge Detection Belatedly Appeared in 1958
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Turing left the project in 1948, Photographs That Changed the and Davies took over; the pilot World”. ACE, was completed in [May 10] June 20th Kirsch also proposed the Kirsch 1950, and a full scale version operator for edge detection belatedly appeared in 1958. which applies a mask rotated in John Ronald Womersely departed NPL in 45 degree increments to detect Womersley 1950 to join the British edge magnitudes. Tabulating Machine Company Born: 20 June 1907; (BTM), a forerunner of Morley, West Yorkshire, UK International Computers Limited (ICL) [Feb 18]. He Peter Thomas Died: March 7, 1958 recruited Andrew Booth [Feb 1] Womersley was appointed the who had developed the All Kirstein first superintendent of the Purpose Electronic Computer Born: June 20, 1933; Mathematics Division of the (APEXC) , and BTM's Hollerith Berlin, Germany National Physical Lab (NPL) at Electronic Computer (HEC 1; Teddington in 1944. One of his [June 16]) built by Raymond Kirstein is often called the father first tasks was to organize the ‘Dickie’ Bird based on Booth’s of the European Internet. He set building of a computer, which design became Britain’s first up the first ARPANET [Dec 5] Womersley named the mass-produced business network node at University Automatic Computing Engine computer. College London (UCL) in 1973 – (ACE), a callback to Babbage’s a link that travelled from the US Analytical Engine [Dec 23]. to Norway and then to Britain via trans-Atlantic telephone He travelled to US in 1945 on a Russell A. Kirsch lines. He also helped hook the fact-finding mission, where he ARPANET into SATNET, a learned about the ENIAC [Feb Born: June 20, 1929; satellite network that connected 15], Howard Aitken’s Harvard New York a number of European countries. machine [Aug 7], George Died: Aug. 11, 2020 Stibitz’s work [April 30], and Kirstein was on the European von Neumann’s plans for the Kirsch’s group developed the end of the line in [Nov 27] 1977, EDVAC [June 30]. On his return, first digital image scanner in when TCP/IP was first used to he recruited Alan Turing [June 1957, which employed a rotating send data across three 23] and Donald Davies [June 7] drum and passed its data to the networks: a packet radio to work on the ACE's design. SEAC [June 20] for processing. wireless network, the ARPANET, and SATNET. The message Turing’s report “Proposed bounced from San Francisco to Electronic Calculator,” written in Norway and Britain and back 1945, specified the ACE's again in an demonstration of features in considerable detail. what Vint Cerf [June 23] called Turing emphasized the “true inter-networking.” importance of storing data and programs, and how this could be Kirstein was also responsible for realized with acoustic delay creating Queen Elizabeth II’s lines (although J. Presper Eckert first email account [March 26]. [Oct 31] was the first person to propose that approach). Unfortunately, the NPL group SEAC suffered from rivalry with the Post Office Research Station at June 20, 1950 Dollis Hill (the home of the The SEAC (Standards Eastern WWII Colossus [Jan 18]) which had been assigned the difficult Automatic Computer) was Digitally scanned image of designed by the NBS (National task of actually implementing Russell Kirsch's son Walden. Bureau of Standards) division in the ACE. Also, the reduction in Washington as a stopgap after resources after the end of the One of the first photographs was the UNIVAC it had ordered from war meant that progress was a 5 cm × 5 cm picture of Kirsch’s the Eckert-Mauchly Computer slow. Indeed, nothing of three-month-old son, Walden. It Corporation [Dec 8] was significance had been built by was captured in black and white, delayed. mid-1947, when the NPL but by combining several scans director, Sir Charles Darwin, at different thresholds, grayscale The aim was to build a simple canceled the contract with the information was added. In 2004, machine as quickly as possible, Post Office and decided to build the image was included in Life based on the EDVAC [April 12], a smaller “pilot” version of the magazine’s list of “100 and using 64 mercury delay ACE in-house. lines [Oct 31] for storage. All of 1 its logic was implemented in Copenhagen, Stockholm, and diodes, with unreliable vacuum Karl-Heinz Helsinki, and a full-time duplex tubes relegated to amplification radio-telegraph link routed tasks only. In that respect, the Brandenburg through Stockholm, Helsinki, SEAC can claim to be the first Born: June 20, 1954; and Moscow. The Washington to solid-state computer. Erlangen, Germany London leg utilized TAT-1, the first submarine transatlantic The SEAC came into service in Brandenburg was the driving telephone cable. April 1950, and was formally force behind the development of dedicated on this day, making it the MPEG-2 Audio Layer III On Aug. 30, 1963 the US sent its the first American computer format , more commonly known first message via the hotline: since the ENIAC [Feb 15] to as MP3 because of its file “The quick brown fox jumped become fully operational. extension [July 14]. The format over the lazy dog’s back was granted a US patent 1234567890.” (5,579,430) on Nov. 26 1996. Despite popular opinion, the US It can generally reduce the end of the link wasn't a red storage size needed for a telephone located in the Oval recording by a factor of 10, Office. The original endpoint was while still maintaining CD-like situated in the National Military quality. However, an early Command Center in the version had to be drastically Pentagon, and had no voice revised after Brandenburg element. The "red telephone" applied it to Suzanne Vega’s myth is due to its appearance in ‘Tom’s Diner’; the music the films "Fail-Safe" and sounded fine, but Vega’s voice "Dr. Strangelove" [April 2], both was destroyed. Brandenburg released in 1964, and both recalled: “I think over time I loosely based on Peter George’s have listened to the song 500 or Cold War thriller "Red Alert" 1,000 times. In fact, I still like (1958). it.… later on I met Suzanne Vega The SEAC (1950). and I heard her singing this song in a live performance. It was Lycos One of SEAC's tricks, which was really astonishing – [it] was widely adopted by other exactly like on the CD.” June 20, 1994 machines, was to attach its registers to a speaker so that The Lycos search engine was strange memory accesses by originally a research project by software could be identified by The Red Michael Loren Mauldin at unfamiliar sounds. Carnegie Mellon. It was made Telephone public on this day with an index The UNIVAC finally arrived at of approximately 54,000 pages, the NBS a year or so later, but June 20, 1963 but after less than a month it the SEAC was kept running. On this day, the US and Soviet had grown to cover 390,000 At around the same time, the Union signed a “Memorandum of sites. NBS division in Los Angeles Understanding Between the Lycos, Inc. was spun off on April developed the SWAC [Aug 17], United States of America and the 13, 1995, and Bob Davis became under the direction of Harry Union of Soviet Socialist the CEO and first employee. In Huskey [Jan 19]. Republics Regarding the 1996, the company completed Establishment of a Direct the fastest IPO in NASDAQ The SEAC and SWAC were both Communications Link,” better built on shoestring budgets – the history [Feb 8], and in 1997 known as the "Hotline became one of the first SEAC costing a mere $188,000, Agreement". while the SWAC came in at profitable Internet businesses. $170,000. Other computer The link was established as a Lycos was the most visited projects of the time could cost result of the Cuban Missile Crisis online destination in 1999, and ten times these amounts. (Oct. 16-28, 1962) where grew to encompass nearly two messages sent between Kennedy dozen Internet brands including and Khrushchev could require Gamesville, WhoWhere, Wired five or six hours for News [June 2], Quote.com, and transcription, transmission, Matchmaker.com. translation, and delivery. Near the peak of the Internet The hotline employed a full-time bubble [March 10], Lycos was duplex wire telegraph circuit acquired for $12.5 billion by routed between Washington and Terra Networks, the Internet Moscow via London, arm of the Spanish 2 telecommunications giant princes, Bill Gates and Steve hyperlinks in 1963, and Telefónica. Four years later Jobs.” (Naturally, this raises the hypertext played an import role (after the bubble had burst), it question of who were Claudius in Doug Engelbart's Mother of was sold for $100 million to a and Gertrude?) All Demos on [Dec 9] 1968. South Korean Internet portal Burke also remarked that when BT chairman Sir Christopher company. he began the film he was a PC Bland dismissed suggestions user but ended the production that BT should withdraw. "The as a Mac true-believer. idea that we should abandon eWorld this suit in order to provide ISPs with a feel-good factor is, June 20, 1994 frankly, bizarre." Bland also added, "Everyone sues all the Apple launched the eWorld time in the States, anyway." online service based around a “city buildings” metaphor BT's legal claim was rejected by proposed by Cleo Huggins. For a judge on Aug. 23, 2002. example, the "Community Center" offered chat rooms and an online BBS where thousands of ePeople (i.e. eWorld users) WikiMedia could congregated, and the June 20, 2003 "eMail Center" was represented as a post office.