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Scotland and the Americas 1600 to 1800 Jose Amor Y Vazquez SCOTLAND AND THE AMERICAS 1600 TO 1800 JOSE AMOR Y VAZQUEZ JOHN BOCKSTOCE T. KIMBALL BROOKER J. CARTER BROWN VINCENT J. BUONANNO MARY MAPLES DUNN GEORGE D. EDWARDS, JR. VARTAN GREGORIAN, Chairman Board of Governors ARTEMIS A. W. JOUKOWSKY of the John Carter Brown FREDERICK LIPPITT Library JOSE E. MINDLIN EUSTASIO RODRIGUEZ ALVAREZ CLINTON I. SMULLYAN, JR. FRANK S. STREETER MERRILY TAYLOR CHARLES C. TILLINGHAST, JR. LADISLAUS VON HOFFMANN WILLIAM B. WARREN CHARLES II. WATTS, II Sponsors arid Patrons Sponsors MR. AND MRS. REINALDO HERRERA HR OS WITH A SOCIETY TIIE DRUE HEINZ FOUNDATION THE DUNVEGAN FOUNDATION MR. AND MRS. JAY I. KISLAK MR. SIDNEY LAPIDUS Honorary Patron MR. MAGNUS LINKLATER MR. GEORGE S. LOWRY LORD PERTH OF PERTHSHIRE MR. N. DOUGLAS MACLEOD DR. ALEXANDER C. MCLEOD Patrons Committee MR. AND MRS. ROBERT L. MCNEIL, JR. MRS. STANLEY D. SCOTT THE HONORABLE J. WILLIAM MIDDENDORF, II MR. TIMOTHY C. FORBES, Co-chairmen MR. RICHARD W. MONCRIEF THE HONORABLE J. SINCLAIR ARMSTRONG MR. GEORGE PARKER MR. GEORGE D. EDWARDS. JR. MR. WILLIAM S. REESE MRS. ROBERT H. I. GODDARD MR. AND MRS. DAVID F. REMINGTON DR. ALEXANDER C. MCLEOD MR. ROBERT A. ROBINSON MRS. PETER SAINT GERMAIN MR. MORDECAI K. ROSENFELD MR. J. THOMAS TOUCHTON THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND MR. CHARLES M. ROYCE MRS. JANE GREGORY RUBIN THE HONORABLE J. SINCLAIR ARMSTRONG MR. AND MRS. PETER SAINT GERMAIN MRS. VINCENT ASTOR MR. AND MRS. STANLEY DEFOREST SCOTT MR. LYMAN G. BLOOMINGDALE DR. AND MRS. THOMAS SCULCO DR. JOHN AND LADY ROMAYNE BOCKSTOCE MR. AND MRS. ROBERT B. SHEA MR. AND MRS. DOUGLAS W. BROWN MR. AND MRS. CLINTON I. SMULLYAN, JR. MR. J. CARTER BROWN MR. AND MRS. FRANK S. STREETER MRS. JOSEPH CARSON MRS. JAMES M. STUART MR. MAURICE L. C'LEMENCE MR. CHARLES TANENBAUM MRS. FRANCES MASSEY DULANEY MR. AND MRS. GUSTAVO A. TAVARES DR. MARY MAPLES DUNN MR. AND MRS. J. THOMAS TOUCHTON MR. AND MRS. GEORGE D. EDWARDS. JR. MR. THOMAS M. VALENZUELA MR. LINCOLN EKSTROM MRS. JAMES II. VAN ALEN MRS. RLTTH B. EKSTROM MRS. ALEXANDER O. VIETOR MR. WILLIAM FERN MR. AND MRS. WILLIAM B. WARREN MR. TIMOTHY C. FORBES MR. AND MRS. CHARLES H. WATTS, II MR. HELMUT N. FRIEDLAENDER MR. R. B. GLYNN MR. AND MRS. ROBERT H. I. GODDARD MRS. DRUE HEINZ SCOTLi* **• s’ \ Catalogue of an exhibition at the JOHN CARTER BROWN LIBRARY Providence, Rhode Island and the FORBES MAGAZINE GALLERIES New York, New York — • "S ' A A SID AND THE AMERICAS 1600 TO 1800 With an Introduction by MICHAEL FRY and Contributions by DAVID ARMITAGE ♦ ROBERT KENT DONOVAN ♦ ROBIN FABEL MICHAEL FRY ♦ DAVID HANCOCK * NED C. LANDSMAN BRUCE LENMAN * JAMES MCLACHLAN Bibliographical Supplement by BURTON VAN NAME EDWARDS John Carter Brown Library * Providence, Rhode Island * 1995 “Scotland and the Americas, 1600 to 1800: Rare Books, Maps, and Prints from the Col¬ lection of the John Carter Brown Library,” was on display at the John Carter Brown Library from May 13 to October 30, 1994, and at the Forbes Magazine Galleries in New York City from September 30 to Novem¬ ber 25, 1995. FRONTISPIECE Copyright 1995 Robert Burns’s collected Poems, Chiefly in the The John Carter Brown Library. Scottish Dialect was first published in Kilmarnock, Scotland, in 1786, in a relatively small edition. This work may not be reproduced in part or Less than a year later, in April 1787, an Edin¬ whole, in any form or medium, for any purpose, burgh edition of 3.000 appeared, and by July 1787 without prior permission in writing from the copy¬ copies were already advertised for sale in the right owner. United States. But such was the interest in, and Correspondence should be directed to: demand for, the work of the celebrated Plough¬ man Poet that English exports alone would not The John Carter Brown Library do, and no less than two American editions appeared Box 1894 in 1 i 88, the first in Philadelphia, shown here, and Providence, Rhode Island 02912 the second in New York. ISBN 0-916617-48-3 I he rapid spread ol Burns’s fame to America is but one more indication of the ubiquitous inter¬ The John Carter Brown Library is an indepen¬ connections between Scotland and America. dently funded and administered center for Scottish men-of-letters, in Scottish periodicals advanced research in history and the humanities that were read in America, praised Burns; hun¬ at Brown University. dreds of Scottish emigrants also carried the word; Scottish booksellers and printers in this country, themselves recent immigrants, ensured that copies of Burns s Poems could be bought here within months alter the work was first printed. Contents List of Illustrations ..■■■■■■ Preface by Norman Fiering .. • •• Introduction by Michael Fry. CHAPTER ONE: The Darien Venture, by David Arm it age CHAPTER TWO: Immigration and Settlement, by Ned C. Landsman . CHAPTER THREE: Trade, by David Hancock • CHAPTER FOUR: Scots in Georgia and the British Floridas, by Robin Fabel CHAPTER FIVE: Religion in the Affairs of Scotland and America, by Robert Kent Donovan and Michael Fry CHAPTER SIX: Education, by James Me Lachlan CHAPTER SEVEN: Colonial Warfare arid Imperial Identity, by Bruce Lenman CHAPTER EIGHT: Scotland and the American Revolution, by Michael Fry . About the Authors .•••••• Appendix: by Burton Van Name Edwards . Bibliographical Supplement. Additional Resources ..••••• List of Illustrations fig. 11 A Mapp of New Jersey, 1677. FIG. 12 The Model of the Government of the Province of East-New-Jersey, 1685. FIG. 13 Rules of the St. Andrew’s Club, at Charlestown in South-Carolina, 1762. FRONTISPIECE FIG. 14 Robert Burns, Poems, Chiefly in Certificate of membership in the the Scottish Dialect (Philadelphia, 1788) St. Andrew’s Club of Charleston, 1768. FIG. 1 FIG. 15 A Draft of the Golden & Adjacent Islands Informations Concerning the Province of with Parts of the Isthmus of Darien and North Carolina, 1773. A New Map of the Isthmus of Darien in America, 1699. FIG. 16 A Map of the Caribbee Islands and FIG. 2 Guayana from Candid and Impartial An Act of Parliament, for Encourageing the Considerations on the Nature of the Scots Affrican and Indian Company, 1695. Sugar Trade. 1763. FIG. 3 A Letter, Giving a Description of the FIG. 17 Isthmus of Dari an, [1699]. The Present State of the Tobacco-Planted ions in America, 1708. FIG. 4 A New Map of the Isthumus of Durian, FIG. 18 [1699] Candid and Impartial Considerations on the Nature of the Sugar Trade, 1763. FIG. 5 Caledonia Triumphans, 1699. FIG. 19 1773. FIG. 6 Information to Emigrants, A Defence of the Scots Settlement at FIG. 20 Darien, 1699. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of FIG. 7 the Wealth of Nations, 1776. Scotland’s Lament for Their FIG. 21a and 21b 1700. Misfortunes, A cargo of slaves as transported from fig. 8 Africa to the West Indies. Sir William Alexander, Earl of Stirling. FIG. 22 fig. 9 The Creek Chief McIntosh in An Encouragement to Colonies, 1624. tartan fabric. FIG. 10 FIG. 23a and 23b A Map of “New Scotlande” in A Map of South Carolina and a An Encouragement to Colonies, 1624 Part of Georgia, 1780. FIG. 38 FIG. 24 A Draught of West Florida, 1766. Elements of Logic, 1792. FIG. 39 FIG. 25 A New Plan of the Harbour, City, & Forts View of Savannah, 1734. of Cartagena, [1741]. FIG. 26 A Concise Natural History of East and FIG. 40 The Spanish Empire in America, 1747. West Florida, 1775. FIG. 41 FIG. 27 A True and Historical Narrative of the Spartan Lessons; or, 1759. Colony of Georgia, [1741]. The Praise of Valour, FIG. 42 FIG. 28 An Account of the Spanish Settlements in The Case of the Inhabitants of East-Florida, 1784. America, 1762. FIG. 29 FIG. 43 Apology for the True Christian A Review of the Bloody Tribunal, 1770. Divinity, 1729 FIG. 44 The History of America, 1777. FIG. 30 Apologie oder Vertheidigungs-Schrift der FIG. 45 wahren christlichen Gottesgelahrheit, l</6. The Life of David Hume, 1778. FIG. 31 FIG. 46 Proposals Concerning the Propagating of Shall I Go to War with My American Christian Knowledge, [1707] Brethren?, 1776. FIG. 32 FIG. 47 A Sermon Delivered at the The Scotch Butchery, 1775. South Church, 1746. FIG. 48 FIG. 33 The Rights of Great Britain Asserted, 1776. Distinguishing Marks of a Work of FIG. 49 the Spirit of God, 1742. The Interest of Great-Britain with Regard to FIG. 34 Her American Colonies, 1782. Short Narrative of the Extraordinary Work at Cambuslang, 1742. FIG. 35 A General Idea of the College of M Irani a, 1753. FIG. 36 Address to the Inhabitants of Jamaica, 1772. FIG. 37 Short Introduction to Moral Philosophy, 1788. Preface Among the general benefits of the with the one exception of the pluralizing of study of history is the attention it draws America in the title. In the course of the past necessarily to the importance of precision forty years or so, there has been excellent and specificity in all discourse. Dig into scholarly scrutiny of a wide range of inter¬ almost any subject in the past, and it will connections between Scotland and British surely turn out that the way things hap¬ America (see, as an outstanding recent exam¬ pened was more complex than one had ple, Richard B. Sher and Jeffrey R. Smitten, assumed at the beginning. This exhibition eds., Scotland and America in the Age of on “Scotland and the Americas, 1600 to Enlightenment [Princeton, 1990], and the 1800” is in good part the result of such a many suggestions for further reading at the concern for proper differentiation. end of each chapter in this catalogue).
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