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A Identidade Secreta Da Figura: Interpretação Figural, Mímesis E Paradoxo Narrativo Em Quadrinhos De Super-Herói

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A Identidade Secreta Da Figura: Interpretação Figural, Mímesis E Paradoxo Narrativo Em Quadrinhos De Super-Herói UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO CENTRO DE ARTES E COMUNICAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LETRAS DOUTORADO EM TEORIA DA LITERATURA A Identidade Secreta da Figura: Interpretação Figural, Mímesis e Paradoxo Narrativo em Quadrinhos de Super-Herói Recife, fevereiro de 2015 Cláudio Clécio Vidal Eufrausino A Identidade Secreta da Figura: Interpretação Figural, Mímesis e Paradoxo Narrativo em Quadrinhos de Super-Herói Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco como requisito para obtenção do título de Doutor em Teoria da Literatura Orientador: Prof. Dr. Anco Márcio Tenório Vieira Recife, fevereiro de 2015 Catalogação na fonte Bibliotecário Jonas Lucas Vieira, CRB4-1204 E86i Eufrausino, Cláudio Clécio Vidal A identidade secreta da figura: interpretação figural, mímesis e paradoxo narrativo em quadrinhos de super-herói / Cláudio Clécio Vidal Eufrasino. – Recife: O Autor, 2015. 250 f.: il., fig. Orientador: Anco Márcio Tenório Vieira. Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Centro de Artes e Comunicação. Letras, 2015. Inclui referências. 1. Literatura. 2. Identidade na literatura. 3. Super-heróis. 4. Histórias em quadrinhos. 5. Mimese. I. Vieira, Anco Márcio Tenório (Orientador). II. Título. 807 CDD (22. ed.) UFPE (CAC 201) CLÁUDIO CLÉCIO VIDAL EUFRAUSINO A IDENTIDADE SECRETA DA FIGURA: Interpretação Figural, Mímesis e Paradoxo Narrativo em Quadrinhos de Super-Herói Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco como requisito para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em TEORIA DA LITERATURA em 20/02/2015. TESE APROVADA PELA BANCA EXAMINADORA: ____________________________ Prof. Dr. Anco Márcio Tenório Vieira Orientador – LETRAS – UFPE ____________________________ Prof. Dr. Ricardo Postal LETRAS – UFPE ____________________________ Prof. Dr. Antony Cardoso Bezerra LETRAS – UFPE ____________________________ Prof. Dr. Paulo Carneiro da Cunha Filho COMUNICAÇÃO SOCIAL – UFPE ____________________________ Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Octavio DAzevedo Carreiro COMUNICAÇÃO SOCIAL – UFPE Recife – PE 2015 Nós sempre nos guiamos pela ideia básica de que na descoberta do conhecimento deve haver uma grande diversão. Da mesma forma, em todo bom entretenimento deve haver alguma semente de sabedoria, humanidade ou iluminação a ser ganha. Walt Disney Os jovens se cansarão e se fatigarão, e os moços certamente cairão; Mas os que esperam no Senhor renovarão as forças, subirão com asas como águias; correrão, e não se cansarão; caminharão, e não se fatigarão. Isaías 40:30-31 Quando o coração humano supera os seres divinos, o que os deuses vão perdoar, e o que eles vão castigar? Masami Kurumada A minhã mãe, Marluce Vidal Eufrausino, conhecida por Deus como Luz do Mar A meu pai, Natalício Luiz Eufrausino A meus avós, Maria Francisca da Silva e Antônio Vidal da Silva Filho, a quem devo um antigo apelido de Santo Anônio. Ao mano Noaldo Vidal Eufrausino, que me ensina, até hoje, a ler quadrinhos À maninha caçula, Karla Gisele Vidal Eufrausino, discípula de Dürer e de Korda: parceira A Augusto José Noronha, irmão por escolha Ao professor Dacier Barros Silva À professora Isabel Duarte, exemplo de competência À professora Ângela Prysthon, que me ajudou a enxergar filosofia nos super-heróis A Saulo Neiva, que me ajudou a reacender o desejo de cursar o Doutorado A Paulo Carneiro da Cunha Filho, desafiador do mestrado A Anco Márcio Tenório Vieira, desafiador do doutorado A Antony Cardoso, que me apresentou a Auerbach A Fátima Ferreira, Amanda Machado, Juliana Guimarães, Marciel Monte, Andreia Zílber e os demais amigos do DETRAN Aos amigos do Aikidô Ao amigo Igor Bandim, que tenho como irmãozinho mais novo À amiga Lylian Cabral A Iara Lima, irmã por escolha A meu amor, que me acena do Futuro Lembrado A Christopher Reeve A Charles Schulz A Marv Wolfman e George Perez A todas as almas: as lembradas e as esquecidas Esta obra é consagrada ao Espírito Santo: brisa leve, vento impetuoso. Resumo Esta pesquisa dedica-se a investigar o perfil assumido pela interpretação figural ao lhe serem oferecidas histórias em quadrinhos de super-heróis como objeto de análise. Paralelamente, será investigado como este tipo de quadrinho – situado na fronteira entre arte e cultura de massa – expressa o paradoxo narrativo e o fenômeno de mímesis. A pesquisa procurará compreender como a interpretação figural se comporta diante de um objeto atravessado por um paradoxo narrativo; objeto cuja estrutura mistura, paradoxalmente, as formas dos relatos bíblico e homérico e que, por meio da mímesis da physis e da antiphysis, incorpora acontecimentos míticos e históricos. Palavras-chave: Figura, quadrinhos, super-heróis, Mimesis, paradoxo narrativo. Abstract This research has on purpose to investigate how figural interpretation can be applied in order to analyse superhero stories. Paralelelly, it will be studied how superhero comics – situated in the frontier between art and mass culture – are expression of a narrative paradox and of the mimesis phenomenon. By achieving these goals, the work intends to comprehend the performance of figural interpretation applied to an object that is affected by a narrative paradox; an object whose structure mixes, paradoxally, the Homeric style and the Biblical one; and that, by means of the two aspects of mimesis – physis and antiphysis –, incorporates mythical and historical events. Key-words: Figura, comics, superheroes, Mimesis, narrative paradox. Resumé Cette thèse recherche comment la méthode d’interprétation figurale peut être utilisée pour analyser les histoires des super-héros. Parallèlement sera étudié comment ce type de bande dessinée – située à la frontière entre art et culture de masse – est l’expression d’un paradoxe narratif et aussi du phénomène de mimèsis. Nous espérons contribuer à la compréhension du comportement de l’interprétation figurale devant un objet caractérisé par le paradoxe narratif ; un objet qui combine les styles narratifs homérique et biblique et, finalement, un objet qui, à travers les deux formes de mimèsis – mimèsis de physis et mimèsis d’anti-physis – fait la représentation des évènements historiques et mythiques. Mots-clès: Figura, bande dessinée, super-héros, Mimesis, paradoxe narratif. Lista de Imagens Imagem 1 – Página da Revista Crise nas Infinitas Terras (1986) Página 16 Imagem 2 – Imagem da Revista Action Comics, número 894. Página 18 Imagem 3 – Página da Revista Crise nas Infinitas Terras (1986) Página 20 Imagem 4 – Página da Revista Crise nas Infinitas Terras (1986) Página 21 Imagem 5 – Página da Revista Crise nas Infinitas Terras (1986) Página 22 Imagem 6 – Página da Revista Crise nas Infinitas Terras (1986) Página 25 Imagem 7 – Página da Revista Crise nas Infinitas Terras (1986) Página 26 Imagem 8 – Página da Revista Crise nas Infinitas Terras (1986) Página 27 Imagem 9 – Página da Revista Crise nas Infinitas Terras (1986) Página 28 Imagem 10 – Página da Revista Crise nas Infinitas Terras (1986) Página 38 Imagem 11 – Página da Revista Elektra Vive (1991) Página 39 Imagem 12 – Página da Revista Crise nas Infinitas Terras (1986) Página 41 Imagem 13 – Da esquerda para a direita: capas das Revistas Elektra Vive (arte de Frank Miller) e Página 42 Mulher-Maravilha: o Espírito da Verdade (arte de Alex Ross) Imagem 14 – Suplemento da edição comemorativa do Página 43 10º aniversário da revista Marvels (2005) Imagem 15 – Le Antichità romane (séc. XVIII) – Giovanni Piranesi Página 50 Imagem 16 – Queda e expulsão do Paraíso: Pol de Limbourg (século XV) Página 54 Imagem 17 – Adoração ao Cordeiro Místico – Van Eyck (século XV) Página 54 Imagem 18 – Revista LJA: Um por todos (2005) Página 57 Imagem 19 – Vênus ferida por um espinho de roseira. Marco Dente (século XVI) Página 59 Imagem 20 – As Torturas de Santo Erasmo (século XV). Imagem reproduzida por McCloud (1995) Página 64 Imagem 21 – Página da Revista Crise nas Infinitas Terras (1986) Página 68 Imagem 22 – Revista Mulher-Maravilha – Espírito da Verdade (2002) Página 73 Imagem 23 – Revista Mulher-Maravilha – Espírito da Verdade (2002) Página 74 Imagem 24 – Revista Mulher-Maravilha – Espírito da Verdade (2002) Página 75 Imagem 25 – Revista LJA: Um por todos (2005) Página 77 Imagem 26 – Revista LJA: Um por todos (2005) Página 78 Imagem 27 – A Mulher vestida com o Sol e o dragão de sete cabeças. Gravura de Albrecht Dürer Página 79 (1496) Imagem 28 – Revista LJA: Um por todos (2005) Página 81 Imagem 29 – Revista LJA: Um por todos (2005) Página 82 Imagem 30 – Revista LJA: Um por todos (2005) Página 83 Imagem 31 – Revista LJA: Um por todos (2005) Página 86 Imagem 32– Revista LJA: Um por todos (2005) Página 89 Imagem 33 – Revista LJA: Um por todos (2005) Página 90 Imagem 34 – Revista LJA: Um por todos (2005) Página 91 Imagem 35 – Primeira aparição da Mulher-Maravilha: Revista Sensation Comics, número 1 (1942) Página 98 Imagem 36 – Página da Revista Crise nas Infinitas Terras (1986) Página 102 Imagem 37– Página da Revista Crise nas Infinitas Terras (1986) Página 103 Imagem 38 – Página da Revista Crise nas Infinitas Terras (1986) Página 104 Imagem 39 – Página da Revista Crise nas Infinitas Terras (1986) Página 106 Imagem 40 – Página da Revista Crise nas Infinitas Terras (1986) Página 109 Imagem 41 – Página da Revista Crise nas Infinitas Terras (1986) Página 110 Imagem 42 – Página da Revista O Reino do Amanhã (2013) Página 131 Imagem 43 – Página da Revista O Reino do Amanhã (2013) Página 132 Imagem 44 – Página da Revista O Reino do Amanhã (2013) Página 142 Imagem 45 – Página da Revista O Reino
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