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L5M L 6 LMll MO 1, (99 ( Living Standards Measurement Study Working Paper No. 126 Public Disclosure Authorized A Manual for Planning and Implementing the Living Standards Measurement Study Survey Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized A Manual for Planning and Implementing the Living Standards Measurement Study Survey The Living Standards Measurement Study The Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMs) was established by the World Bank in 1980 to explore ways of improving the type and quality of house- hold data collected by statistical offices in developing countries. Its goal is to foster increased use of household data as a basis for policy decisionmaking. Specifically, the LSMS is working to develop new methods to monitor progress in raising levels of living, to identify the consequences for households of past and proposed gov- ernment policies, and to improve communications between survey statisticians, analysts, and policymakers. The LSMS Working Paper series was started to disseminate intermediate prod- ucts from the LSMS. Publications in the series include critical surveys covering dif- ferent aspects of the LSMS data collection program and reports on improved methodologies for using Living Standards Survey (Lss) data. More recent publica- tions recommend specific survey, questionnaire, and data processing designs and demonstrate the breadth of policy analysis that can be carried out using LSS data. LSMS Working Paper Number 126 A Manual for Planning and Implementing the Living Standards Measurement Study Survey Margaret E. Grosh Juan Mufitoz The World Bank Washington, D.C. Copyright @ 1996 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing May 1996 To present the results of the Living Standards Measurement Study with the least possible delay, the typescript of this paper has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formal printed texts, and the World Bank accepts no responsibility for errors. Some sources cited in this paper may be informal documents that are not readily available. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the World Bank Group any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce portions of it should be sent to the Office of the Publisher at the address shown in the copyright notice above. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally give permission promptly and, when the reproduction is for noncommercial purposes, without asking a fee. Permission to copy portions for classroom use is granted through the Copyright ClearanceCenter, Inc., Suite 910, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, Massachusetts 01923, U.S.A. The complete backlist of publications from the World Bank is shown in the annual Index of Publications, which contains an alphabetical title list (with full ordering information) and indexes of subjects, authors, and countries and regions. The latest edition is available free of charge from the Distribution Unit, Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A., or from Publications, The World Bank, 66, avenue d'lena, 75116 Paris, France. ISSN: 0253-4517 Margaret Grosh is a senior economist at the World Bank. Juan Muihoz is the Director of Sistemas Integrales, a survey research firm in Santiago, Chile. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A manual for planning and implementing the Living standards measurement study survey / [compiled by] Margaret E. Grosh, Juan Muioz. p. cm. - (LSMS working paper : no. 126) Includes bibliographical references (p. ISBN 0-8213-3639-8 1. Cost and standard of living-Data processing-Planning. 2. Household surveys-Methodology. 1. Grosh, Margaret E. II. Mufioz, Juan, 1947- . III. Series. HD6978.M34 1996 339.4'7'0723-dc2O 96-19418 CIP Contents Foreword ......................................................... ix Abstract .. ......... ......... ...................... .......... ...... xi Acknowledgments .................................................... xii Chapter 1. Introduction .................................................. 1 A. What This Manual Covers......................................... B. Who Should Read This Manual...................................... C. Some Assumptions Implicit in theManual ............................... 3 Chapter 2: An Overview of LSMSSurveys ..................................... 5 Key M essages .................................................. 5 A. The "Prototype" LSMSSurvey ..................................... 5 Purpose of LSMS Surveys......................................6 Questionnaire Content ........................................ 7 Quality Control ........................................... 14 Planning and Budgeting ...................................... 15 B. Variations from the Prototype ..................................... 15 Common Variants .......................................... 17 Evolution in LSMS Surveys....................................18 Chapter 3. Questionnaire Development ....................................... 21 Key Messages ................................................. 21 A. QuestionnaireContent .......................................... 21 B. The Process of Questionnaire Development ............................. 22 The Actors .............................................. 22 The Iterative Process ........................................ 25 Field Test of the Questionnaire .................................. 29 C. Questionnaire Format ........................................... 32 Chapter 4: Sampling .................................................. 53 Key M essages ................................................. 53 A. Overview of Issues in SampleDesign ................................. 53 B. Sampling Practice in LSMS Surveys..................................60 C. Implementing a SampleDesign ..................................... 64 Determining the Basic Sample Design Parameters ...................... 64 Implementation of the First Sampling Stage .......................... 66 Implementation of the Second Sampling Stage ......................... 71 Selecting Random Persons in a Household ........................... 81 Chapter 5: Field Operations .............................................. 83 Key M essages ................................................. 83 A. Standard LSMS Organization of Field Work ............................. 83 Four-Week Interview Cycle .................................... 83 Composition of SurveyStaff ................................... 87 Duties of Survey Team Members ................................ 88 Team Logistics ........... 94 Complexity of LSMS Field Operations ............................. 94 Alternatives to LSMS Standard Field Procedures and Their Implications ......... 95 B. Preparation for FieldWork ...................................... 103 Personnel .............................................. 104 Training ............................................... 106 M anuals ............................................... 110 v Developing Supervision Forms ................................. 112 Scheduling FieldW ork ...................................... 119 Ensuring Collaboration by Households ............................ 121 Piloting Field Procedures .................................... 123 Chapter 6. Data Management ............................................ 125 Key M essages ................................................ 125 A. An Overview of LSMS Data Management Philosophy ..................... 126 Objectives .............................................. 126 Approach Developed ....................................... 126 Implications for Survey Planning ................................ 127 B. Requirements for the Data Management System ......................... 128 Ease of Analysis of Resulting Data Files ........................... 128 Data Quality Checks During Data Entry ........................... 130 After Data Entry ......................................... 136 C. File Structure Used in LSMS Data Entry Program ........................ 140 Correspondence Between Records and Individual Units Observed ............ 140 Variable Number ofRecords .................................. 140 Limiting the Length of a RecordType ............................ 142 Identifiers .............................................. 142 Transformation ........................................... 144 Chapter 7: Beginning DataAnalysis ....................................... 145 Key Messages ................................................ 145 A. Policies and Project Components to Promote Data Use ..................... 146 B. Documentation and Dissemination of Data Sets .......................... 148 Data Use Policy .........................................