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By Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Of
FROM DIWAN TO PALACE: JORDANIAN TRIBAL POLITICS AND ELECTIONS by LAURA C. WEIR Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Adviser: Dr. Pete Moore Department of Political Science CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY January, 2013 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis/dissertation of Laura Weir candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree *. Pete Moore, Ph.D (chair of the committee) Vincent E. McHale, Ph.D. Kelly McMann, Ph.D. Neda Zawahri, Ph.D. (date) October 19, 2012 *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables v List of Maps and Illustrations viii List of Abbreviations x CHAPTERS 1. RESEARCH PUZZLE AND QUESTIONS Introduction 1 Literature Review 6 Tribal Politics and Elections 11 Case Study 21 Potential Challenges of the Study 30 Conclusion 35 2. THE HISTORY OF THE JORDANIAN ―STATE IN SOCIETY‖ Introduction 38 The First Wave: Early Development, pre-1921 40 The Second Wave: The Arab Revolt and the British, 1921-1946 46 The Third Wave: Ideological and Regional Threats, 1946-1967 56 The Fourth Wave: The 1967 War and Black September, 1967-1970 61 Conclusion 66 3. SCARCE RESOURCES: THE STATE, TRIBAL POLITICS, AND OPPOSITION GROUPS Introduction 68 How Tribal Politics Work 71 State Institutions 81 iii Good Governance Challenges 92 Guests in Our Country: The Palestinian Jordanians 101 4. THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES: FAILURE OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND THE RISE OF TRIBAL POLITICS Introduction 118 Political Threats and Opportunities, 1921-1970 125 The Political Significance of Black September 139 Tribes and Parties, 1989-2007 141 The Muslim Brotherhood 146 Conclusion 152 5. -
The Progressive Movement and the Reforming of the United States of America, from 1890 to 1921
2014 Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. University of Oran. Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts. Department of English. Research Paper Submitted for a Doctorate Thesis in American Civilisation Entitled: The Progressive Movement and the Reforming of the United States of America, from 1890 to 1921. Presented by: Benketaf, Abdel Hafid. Jury Members Designation University Pr. Bouhadiba, Zoulikha President Oran Pr. Borsali, Fewzi Supervisor Adrar Pr. Bedjaoui, Fouzia Examiner 1 Sidi-Belabes Dr. Moulfi, Leila Examiner 2 Oran Dr. Belmeki, Belkacem Examiner 3 Oran Dr. Afkir, Mohamed Examiner 4 Laghouat Academic Year: 2013-2014. 1 Acknowledgements Acknowledgments are gratefully made for the assistance of numerous friends and acquaintances. The largest debt is to Professor Borsali, Fewzi because his patience, sound advice, and pertinent remarks were of capital importance in the accomplishment of this thesis. I would not close this note of appreciation without alluding to the great aid provided by my wife Fatima Zohra Melki. 2 Dedication To my family, I dedicate this thesis. Pages Contents 3 List of Tables. ........................................................................................................................................................................ vi List of Abbreviations......................................................................................................................................................... vii Introduction. ........................................................................................................................................................................ -
Briefing April 2011
WAR, TERROR & POLITICAL VIOLENCE WTPV BRIEFING APRIL 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Transnational terrorism 2 Profile: Peru 3 Worldwide political violence 4 Africa Americas Asia Europe Middle East and North Africa Rebels ride past a fuel-storage facility attacked during clashes with government forces near Sedra, eastern Libya AIRSTRIKES HIT LIBYA AS MIDDLE EAST UNREST CONTINUES The US, UK and France began airstrikes Ali Abdullah Saleh declared a state of and cruise missile attacks against Libyan emergency, suggesting that the government air-defence installations and ground forces had lost patience with mediation efforts. on 19 March. Explosions were reported However, his position weakened on 21 in the capital Tripoli on 23 March as the March with the defection of three senior coalition continued enforcing a no-fly zone generals, who declared support for the over eastern Libya. The strikes followed a opposition and reportedly positioned units in UN Security Council resolution authorising central Sanaa to protect protesters. Looting the use of ‘all necessary measures’ to and arson were reported in the southern For more information about Hiscox or protect Libyan civilians from pro-regime city of Aden on 22 March, while there were Control Risks, please contact: forces. Uncertainty persists over the exact clashes in Mukulla on 21 March. purpose of the military engagement; Stephen Ashwell proponents of intervention have pointed to Bahrain’s government on 15 March Tel: 020 7448 6725 the humanitarian need for such measures, imposed a state of emergency and on 16 1 Great St Helen’s, London EC3A 6HX though there are also some indications March forcibly removed demonstrators from [email protected] that regime change is the ultimate goal. -
Autocracy and Anocracy.*
Autocracy and Anocracy. Norman Scho…eldyand Maria Gallegoz Center in Political Economy, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive,Saint Louis, MO 63130. September 7, 2011 1 Institutions and Democratization Recent events have focussed the world’s attention on how autocrats have sur- vived for so long in countries like Tunisia, Egypt and Libya, and what triggers popular revolt. The literature on transitions to democracy has been partly historical, building on the seminal work of Douglass North on the role of insti- tutions, and partly empirical and theoretical, using aspects of game theory to model the calculations of autocrats as they …ght to maintain power. In the historical mode, there has been discussions about why North America was able to follow Britain in a path of economic development, but Latin Amer- ica and the Caribbean islands, though generally far richer initially, fell behind in the nineteenth century. In their discussion of Latin American economic de- velopment, Sokolo¤ and Engerman (2000) have emphasized the di¤erent factor endowments of North and South America.1 In addition they have suggested that slavery in the New World resulted in institutions that were not conducive to economic growth.2 In contrast, Przeworski and Curvale (2006) argue that while economic in- equality tended to persist and has been related to the degree of political inequal- ity, many aspects of the developmental path appear highly contingent. Indeed, whether Latin American economies grew, and the extent to which they pro- tected the factors of capital, land and labor, seems to be dependent on shifting This chapter is based on work supported by NSF grant 0715929 and a Weidenbaum Center grant. -
Arab Uprisings and Armed Forces: Between Openness and Resistance
SSR PAPER 2 Arab Uprisings and Armed Forces: Between Openness and Resistance Derek Lutterbeck DCAF DCAF a centre for security, development and the rule of law SSR PAPER 2 Arab Uprisings and Armed Forces Between Openness and Resistance Derek Lutterbeck DCAF The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) is an international foundation whose mission is to assist the international community in pursuing good governance and reform of the security sector. The Centre develops and promotes norms and standards, conducts tailored policy research, identifies good practices and recommendations to promote democratic security sector governance, and provides in‐country advisory support and practical assistance programmes. SSR Papers is a flagship DCAF publication series intended to contribute innovative thinking on important themes and approaches relating to security sector reform (SSR) in the broader context of security sector governance (SSG). Papers provide original and provocative analysis on topics that are directly linked to the challenges of a governance‐driven security sector reform agenda. SSR Papers are intended for researchers, policy‐makers and practitioners involved in this field. ISBN 978‐92‐9222‐180‐5 © 2011 The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces EDITORS Alan Bryden & Heiner Hänggi PRODUCTION Yury Korobovsky COPY EDITOR Cherry Ekins COVER IMAGE © Suhaib Salem/Reuters The views expressed are those of the author(s) alone and do not in any way reflect the views of the institutions referred to or -
Zerohack Zer0pwn Youranonnews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men
Zerohack Zer0Pwn YourAnonNews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men YamaTough Xtreme x-Leader xenu xen0nymous www.oem.com.mx www.nytimes.com/pages/world/asia/index.html www.informador.com.mx www.futuregov.asia www.cronica.com.mx www.asiapacificsecuritymagazine.com Worm Wolfy Withdrawal* WillyFoReal Wikileaks IRC 88.80.16.13/9999 IRC Channel WikiLeaks WiiSpellWhy whitekidney Wells Fargo weed WallRoad w0rmware Vulnerability Vladislav Khorokhorin Visa Inc. Virus Virgin Islands "Viewpointe Archive Services, LLC" Versability Verizon Venezuela Vegas Vatican City USB US Trust US Bankcorp Uruguay Uran0n unusedcrayon United Kingdom UnicormCr3w unfittoprint unelected.org UndisclosedAnon Ukraine UGNazi ua_musti_1905 U.S. Bankcorp TYLER Turkey trosec113 Trojan Horse Trojan Trivette TriCk Tribalzer0 Transnistria transaction Traitor traffic court Tradecraft Trade Secrets "Total System Services, Inc." Topiary Top Secret Tom Stracener TibitXimer Thumb Drive Thomson Reuters TheWikiBoat thepeoplescause the_infecti0n The Unknowns The UnderTaker The Syrian electronic army The Jokerhack Thailand ThaCosmo th3j35t3r testeux1 TEST Telecomix TehWongZ Teddy Bigglesworth TeaMp0isoN TeamHav0k Team Ghost Shell Team Digi7al tdl4 taxes TARP tango down Tampa Tammy Shapiro Taiwan Tabu T0x1c t0wN T.A.R.P. Syrian Electronic Army syndiv Symantec Corporation Switzerland Swingers Club SWIFT Sweden Swan SwaggSec Swagg Security "SunGard Data Systems, Inc." Stuxnet Stringer Streamroller Stole* Sterlok SteelAnne st0rm SQLi Spyware Spying Spydevilz Spy Camera Sposed Spook Spoofing Splendide -
En En Motion for a Resolution
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 2009 - 2014 Plenary sitting 4.4.2011 B7-0255/2011 MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION to wind up the debate on the statement by the Vice-President of the Commission/High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy pursuant to Rule 110(2) of the Rules of Procedure on the situation in Syria, Bahrain and Yemen Kyriacos Triantaphyllides, Willy Meyer, Nikolaos Chountis, Patrick Le Hyaric, Marisa Matias, Jacky Hénin, Takis Hadjigeorgiou on behalf of the GUE/NGL Group RE\863430EN.doc PE459.792v01-00 EN United in diversityEN B7-0255/2011 European Parliament resolution on the situation in Syria, Bahrain and Yemen The European Parliament, – having regard to the Charter of the UN, – having regard to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, – having regard to Rule 110(2) of its Rules of Procedure, A. whereas the situation in each country is different, characterised by its own peculiarities, and thus should be addressed separately, B. whereas in recent months and weeks popular protests for employment, better living standards, social and labour rights, for democracy and respect of human rights, as well as constitutional changes have erupted in a number of countries in Northern Africa and the Middle East, C. whereas only foreign companies and ruling circles profit from the exploitation of the rich oil resources, leaving the broad masses struggling to live a dignified life, D. whereas the effects of the economic and financial crisis have added to the already existing political, economic and social challenges in these countries, E. whereas events in Bahrain started with a mass popular gathering in the Pearl Roundabout in Manama, on February 14th 2011, that was confronted by riot police causing dead and injured; whereas subsequent protests were confronted in a similar way, F. -
A Bakhtinian Reading of Contemporary Jordanian Political Humour
Carnivalesque politics and popular resistance: A Bakhtinian reading of contemporary Jordanian political humour Yousef Barahmeh Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Portsmouth School of Area Studies, History, Politics and Literature February 2020 i Abstract This thesis examines contemporary Jordanian political humour in the context of the political history of Jordan and the 2011 Arab Spring revolutions. It applies Mikhail Bakhtin’s mid-20th century theory of carnival and the carnivalesque (folk humour) as a framework for thinking about Jordanian politics and political humour in social media spaces following the Arab Spring. The Bakhtinian approach to humour has predominantly focused on the role of humour as a revolutionary impulse that aims to attack and expose the shortcomings of established political power, as well as to highlight public attitudes towards that power. The analysis undertaken here of Jordanian politics and political humour in Jordanian social media spaces after the Arab Spring found that Bakhtin’s ‘marketplace’ is no longer the streets and material public spaces, but rather the social media spaces. The nature of the carnivals in social media spaces is in many ways just as carnivalesque as the ‘marketplace’ of Bakhtin’s Medieval France, characterised by polyphony, the overturning of social hierarchies and the presence of dialogism (and monologism) and the grotesque. To more fully address the relevance – and some of the limitations – of application of Bakhtin’s ideas about carnival to the Jordanian socio- political context after the Arab Spring, this thesis analyses key political cartoons, satirical articles, comedy sketches, politically satirical videos and internet memes produced by Jordanians from the start of the Arab ii Spring to early 2019. -
April 2012 6 Flawed Reforms Bahrain Fails to Achieve Justice for Protesters
FLAWED REFORMS BAHRAIN FAILS TO ACHIEVE JUSTICE FOR PROTESTERS Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 3 million supporters, members and activists in more than 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. First published in 2012 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom © Amnesty International 2012 Index: MDE 11/014/2012 English Original language: English Printed by Amnesty International, International Secretariat, United Kingdom All rights reserved. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. The copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for reuse in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. To request permission, or for any other inquiries, please contact [email protected] Cover photo: Bahraini anti-government protesters react as riot police throw sound bombs at their feet to disperse them in Qadam, Bahrain, 17 February 2012. -
Weaponizing Tear Gas: Bahrain’S Unprecedented Use of Toxic Chemical Agents Against Civilians
Physicians for Human Rights Weaponizing Tear Gas: Bahrain’s Unprecedented Use of Toxic Chemical Agents Against Civilians August 2012 physiciansforhumanrights.org About Physicians for Human Rights Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) uses medicine and science to investigate and expose human rights violations. We work to prevent rights abuses by seeking justice and holding offenders accountable. Since 1986, PHR has conducted investigations in more than 40 countries, including on: 1987 — Use of toxic chemical agents in South Korea 1988 — Iraq’s use of chemical weapons against Kurds 1988 — Use of toxic chemical agents in West Bank and the Gaza Strip 1989 — Use of chemical warfare agents in Soviet Georgia 1996 — Exhumation of mass graves in the Balkans 1996 — Critical forensic evidence of genocide in Rwanda 1999 — Drafting the UN-endorsed guidelines for documentation of torture 2004 — Documentation of the genocide in Darfur 2008 — US complicity of torture in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Guantánamo Bay 2010 — Human experimentation by CIA medical personnel on prisoners in violation of the Nuremberg Code 2011 — Violations of medical neutrality in times of armed conflict and civil unrest during the Arab Spring ... 2 Arrow Street | Suite 301 1156 15th Street, NW | Suite 1001 Cambridge, MA 02138 USA Washington, DC 20005 USA +1 617 301 4200 +1 202 728 5335 physiciansforhumanrights.org ©2012, Physicians for Human Rights. All rights reserved. ISBN: 1-879707-68-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2012945532 Cover photo: Bahraini anti-riot police fire tear gas grenades at peaceful and unarmed civilians protesters, including a Shi’a cleric, in June 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxauI5hdjqk. -
Officials Disappointed Vaccine Clinics on Hold Indefinitely by HOPE E
The Westfield NewsSearch for The Westfield News Westfield350.com The WestfieldNews Serving Westfield, Southwick, and surrounding Hilltowns “TIME IS THE ONLY WEATHER CRITIC WITHOUT TONIGHT AMBITION.” Partly Cloudy. JOHN STEINBECK Low of 55. www.thewestfieldnews.com VOL. 86 NO. 151 $1.00 SATURDAY,TUESDAY, FEBRUARY JUNE 27, 2017 20, 2021 VOL.75 cents 90 NO. 43 Officials disappointed vaccine clinics on hold indefinitely By HOPE E. TREMBLAY he sent a letter to cities and need to travel to get their vac- Editor towns across the Commonwealth cines.” WESTFIELD/SOUTHWICK this week notifying them that Humason and Westfield – Despite all the hard work of the state would not provide vac- Health Director Joseph Rouse Westfield Health Director cine doses to municipalities for released a video on the topic Joseph Rouse, Council on Aging locally run clinics effective Thursday. Rouse said while he Director Tina Gorman and March 1. is also disappointed, he appreci- Mayor Donald F. Humason Jr, “Apparently, they are focus- ates the effort to get vaccines in Westfield will not have a vac- ing on mass vaccine distribution local pharmacies so residents cine clinic anytime soon. sites and pharmacies,” stated a don’t have to go to the closest Neither will Southwick, disappointed Humason, who mass vaccination site at the where Health Director Tammy spoke with Lt. Gov. Karyn Eastfield Mall in Springfield. Spencer and Council on Aging Polito to express his concerns. “If CVS and Walgreens are a Director Cindy Sullivan have Humason posted on Facebook place where people can go so been working with the Select that “she said the state can’t give they don’t have to cross the Board and community to host a us a vaccine clinic but she river, I’m fine with that,” said clinic there. -
Arab Revolutions and Beyond: Change and Persistence Proceedings of the International Conference Tunis, 12-13 November 2013
Naoual Belakhdar, Ilka Eickhof, Abla el Khawaga, Ola el Khawaga, Amal Hamada, Cilja Harders, Serena Sandri (ed.) Arab Revolutions and Beyond: Change and Persistence Proceedings of the International Conference Tunis, 12-13 November 2013 Working Paper No. 11 | August 2014 www.polsoz.fu-berlin.de/vorderer-orient 2 Arab Revolutions and Beyond: Change and Persistence Working Paper No. 11 | August 2014 3 Working Papers for Middle Eastern and North African Politics Arab Revolutions and Beyond: Change and Persistence This Working Paper Series is edited by the Center for Middle Eastern and North African Politics Proceedings of the International Conference at the Freie Universität Berlin. It presents original research about the social, political, cultural Tunis, 12-13 November 2013 and economic transformations in the region and beyond. It features contributions in area studies, comparative politics, gender studies and peace and conflict studies, thus representing a Naoual Belakhdar, Ilka Eickhof, Abla el Khawaga, Ola el Khawaga, broad variety of critical and empirically founded fresh insights on current issues in these fields. Amal Hamada, Cilja Harders, Serena Sandri (ed.) Downloads The Working Papers are available online at: www.polsoz.fu-berlin.de/polwiss/forschung/international/vorderer-orient/publikation/WP_serie You can order your print copy at [email protected] © 2014 by the authors in this volume Belakhdar, Naoual; Ilka Eickhof; Abla el Khawaga; Ola el Khawaga; Amal Hamada; Cilja Harders; Serena Sandri (ed.) (2014): Arab Revolutions and Beyond: Change and Persistence. Proceedings of the International Conference Tunis, 12-13 November 2013, Working Paper No. 11 | August 2014, Center for North African and Middle Eastern Politics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin; Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo University, August 2014.