DOCSLIB.ORG

The Progressive Movement and the Reforming of the United States of America, from 1890 to 1921

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Progressive Movement and the Reforming of the United States of America, from 1890 to 1921 2014 Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. University of Oran. Faculty of Letters, Languages, and Arts. Department of English. Research Paper Submitted for a Doctorate Thesis in American Civilisation Entitled: The Progressive Movement and the Reforming of the United States of America, from 1890 to 1921. Presented by: Benketaf, Abdel Hafid. Jury Members Designation University Pr. Bouhadiba, Zoulikha President Oran Pr. Borsali, Fewzi Supervisor Adrar Pr. Bedjaoui, Fouzia Examiner 1 Sidi-Belabes Dr. Moulfi, Leila Examiner 2 Oran Dr. Belmeki, Belkacem Examiner 3 Oran Dr. Afkir, Mohamed Examiner 4 Laghouat Academic Year: 2013-2014. 1 Acknowledgements Acknowledgments are gratefully made for the assistance of numerous friends and acquaintances. The largest debt is to Professor Borsali, Fewzi because his patience, sound advice, and pertinent remarks were of capital importance in the accomplishment of this thesis. I would not close this note of appreciation without alluding to the great aid provided by my wife Fatima Zohra Melki. 2 Dedication To my family, I dedicate this thesis. Pages Contents 3 List of Tables. ........................................................................................................................................................................ vi List of Abbreviations......................................................................................................................................................... vii Introduction. ......................................................................................................................................................................... 01 Chapter One Historical Background: Contributing Factors to the Emergence of the Progressive Movement in the USA up to 1890.................................................................................................... 14 I. The Industrialisation of the USA and its Impact on the Country’s Economy and Society to 1890............................................................................................................................................................. 15 A. Birth and Growth of the US Industry to 1890. ................................................................................. 16 B. Impact of Industrialisation on the US Economy to 1890. ........................................................... 22 C. Effects of Industrialisation on the American Society to 1890. ................................................. 25 II. US Government’s Measures to Counter-act the Social Problems Engendered by the Country’s Industrialisation to 1890....................................................................................................... 27 A. Government Provisions for the Poor..................................................................................................... B. Government Measures for Better Tenement. .................................................................................. 27 C. Government Measures to Regulate Child Labour. .......................................................................... 32 34 III. Attempts of Religious and Secular Groups to Reform the American Society up to 1890. ........................................................................................................................................................................... 36 A. Religious Revivalism and the Founding of Religious Communities before 1890.............. B. Attempts of Secular Utopian Communities to Establish a ‘Perfect’ Social Model............. 37 C. Reform Movements in the United States to 1890, Selected Cases.......................................... 1. Women’s Rights Movement’s Struggle for Equality and Dignity........................................ 41 2. The Permeation of Socialism in the USA and Socialists’ Attempts to 45 Reform the American Society to 1890............................................................................................ 46 3. The Populist Movement and the Struggle for the Farmers’ Rights................................... 50 52 4 Chapter Two Emergence and Development of the Progressive Movement in the USA from 1890 to 1901............................................................................................................................................................. I. The Permeation of Progressivism in the US National Political Parties during 60 the 1890s.................................................................................................................................................................... A. Progressive Ideology and its Advocates................................................................................................. 61 B. Progressivism in the Democratic and Republican Parties.............................................................. C. Progressivism in other Political Formations........................................................................................ 61 66 69 II. Progressive Political Reforms Introduced Between 1890 and 1901................................... 73 A. Early System of Managing City Governments...................................................................................... B. Progressive Reforms of City Governments........................................................................................... 74 C. Progressive Reforms of State and Federal Governments’ Administrations......................... 77 85 1. Measures Introduced to Reform State Governments................................................................. 2. Progressive Reforms of Federal Government’s Administrations......................................... 86 88 III. Progressive Economic and Social Reforms from 1890 to 1901......................................... A. The Tariff Issue and the Attempts to Control the Businesses during the 1890s................ 92 B. Progressive Land Conservation Measures to 1901........................................................................... 92 C. Progressive Social Reforms between 1890 and 1901..................................................................... 97 100 1. Role and Impact of Muckraking Journalism in the USA in the 1890s.............................. 2. John Dewey’s Progressive Education........................................................................................ 3. Social Workers’ Progressive Achievements during the 1890s. ..................................... 101 104 108 5 Chapter Three Progressive Political Reforms during the Presidencies of T. Roosevelt, H. Taft, and W. Wilson from 1901 to 1921............................................................................................................ I. Progressive Political Reforms during Theodore Roosevelt’s Presidency from 1901 to 1909................................................................................................................................................................. 116 A. Progressive Elite in President Roosevelt’s Administration (1901-1909)............................ 117 B. President Roosevelt’s Reforms of the American Political System (1901-1909)............ C. Progressivism and the Shaping of President Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy .......................... 118 121 II. President Howard Taft’s Progressive Political Reforms (1909-1913), and the Birth 124 of the Progressive Party in 1912........................................................................................................................ A. Progressive Elite in President Taft’s Administration and His Political Reforms from 1909 to 1913...................................................................................................................................... 129 B. President Taft’s Progressive Foreign Policy...................................................................................... 1. President Taft’s ‘Dollar Diplomacy’ in Latin America.......................................................... 130 2. President Taft’s ‘Dollar Diplomacy’ in the Far East............................................................... 134 C. The Split in the Republican Party in 1912, and the Birth of the Progressive Party........ 135 138 III. President Woodrow Wilson’s ‘New Freedom’ Policy for Political Reforms (1913-1921)............................................................................................................................................................. 140 A. President Woodrow Wilson’s ‘New Freedom’ Policy.................................................................... B. Progressive Elite in President Wilson’s Administrations (1913-1921)............................... C. President Wilson’s Progressive Political Reforms to 1921........................................................ 143 1. Reforming the Election of Senators and the Enfranchisement of Women....................... 2. President Wilson’s Progressive Foreign Policy (1913-1921)................................................ 145 149 a. President Wilson’s First Term Foreign Policy to 1916................................................ 154 b. President Wilson’s Second Term Foreign Policy from 1917 to 1921................... 155 158 159 162 6 Chapter Four Progressivism and the Reforming of the US Economy (1901- 1921)................................................ I. Economic Reforms under President T. Roosevelt’s Administration (1901-1909)................ 171 A. President Roosevelt’s ‘Square
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Brief Description of Federal Taxes
    A BRIEF DESCRIFTION OF FEDERAL TAXES ON CORPORATIONS SINCE i86i WMUAu A. SU. ND* The cost to the federal government of financing the Civil War created a need for increased revenue, and Congress in seeking new sources tapped theretofore un- touched corporate and individual profits. The Act of July x, x862, amending the Act of August 5, x86i, is the first law under which any federal income tax was collected and is considered to be largely the basis of our present system of income taxation. The tax acts of the Civil War period contained provisions imposing graduated taxes upon the gain, profits, or income of every person2 and providing that corporate profits, whether divided or not, should be taxed to the stockholders. Certain specified corporations, such as banks, insurance companies and transportation companies, were taxed at the rate of 5%, and their stockholders were not required to include in income their pro rata share of the profits. There were several tax acts during and following the War, but a description of the Act of 1864 will serve to show the general extent of the coiporate taxes of that period. The tax or "duty" was imposed upon all persons at the rate of 5% of the amount of gains, profits and income in excess of $6oo and not in excess of $5,000, 7Y2/ of the amount in excess of $5,ooo and not in excess of -$o,ooo, and io% of the amount in excess of $Sxooo.O This tax was continued through the year x87i, but in the last two years of its existence was reduced to 2/l% upon all income.
    [Show full text]
  • The Death of the Income Tax (Or, the Rise of America's Universal Wage
    Indiana Law Journal Volume 95 Issue 4 Article 5 Fall 2000 The Death of the Income Tax (or, The Rise of America’s Universal Wage Tax) Edward J. McCaffery University of Southern California;California Institute of Tecnology, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj Part of the Estates and Trusts Commons, Law and Economics Commons, Taxation-Federal Commons, Taxation-Federal Estate and Gift Commons, Taxation-State and Local Commons, and the Tax Law Commons Recommended Citation McCaffery, Edward J. (2000) "The Death of the Income Tax (or, The Rise of America’s Universal Wage Tax)," Indiana Law Journal: Vol. 95 : Iss. 4 , Article 5. Available at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj/vol95/iss4/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School Journals at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Indiana Law Journal by an authorized editor of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Death of the Income Tax (or, The Rise of America’s Universal Wage Tax) EDWARD J. MCCAFFERY* I. LOOMINGS When Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, just weeks into her tenure as America’s youngest member of Congress, floated the idea of a sixty or seventy percent top marginal tax rate on incomes over ten million dollars, she was met with a predictable mixture of shock, scorn, and support.1 Yet there was nothing new in the idea. AOC, as Representative Ocasio-Cortez is popularly known, was making a suggestion with sound historical precedent: the top marginal income tax rate in America had exceeded ninety percent during World War II, and stayed at least as high as seventy percent until Ronald Reagan took office in 1981.2 And there is an even deeper sense in which AOC’s proposal was not as radical as it may have seemed at first.
    [Show full text]
  • Sixteenth Amendment
    The Sixteenth Amendment 100 Years of the Federal Income Tax “The hardest thing in the world to understand is the income tax.” ~ Albert Einstein Americans have now been grappling with the income tax for 100 years. Since the 16th Amendment was ratified by Congress in 1913, U.S. citizens have been attempting to accurately complete Form 1040. While the annual income tax exercise is fresh in our minds, we thought it would be informative and somewhat gratifying to look back at the process that brought us here, and the tax rates that confronted tax payers on this anniversary in prior years. History of the Sixteenth Amendment Prior to 1913, the main source of revenue for the federal government was tariffs. Tariffs, it was argued, disproportionately affected the poor and were unpredictable. It was felt by many that the solution was a federal income tax. The resolution proposing the Sixteenth Amendment was passed by Congress on July 12, 1909 and ratified in 1913. The Amendment stated “Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several states, and without regard to any census or enumeration.” What followed was The Revenue Act of 1913, also called the Tariff Act, since its purpose was to lower basic tariff rates and compensate for lost revenues by imposing a federal income tax. The first tax filing in 1914 The federal income tax started at 1% on personal income of more than $3,000 (over $71,000 in today’s dollars1) for single filers or $4,000 for couples, with a surtax of 6% on incomes over $500,000.
    [Show full text]
  • RESTORING the LOST ANTI-INJUNCTION ACT Kristin E
    COPYRIGHT © 2017 VIRGINIA LAW REVIEW ASSOCIATION RESTORING THE LOST ANTI-INJUNCTION ACT Kristin E. Hickman* & Gerald Kerska† Should Treasury regulations and IRS guidance documents be eligible for pre-enforcement judicial review? The D.C. Circuit’s 2015 decision in Florida Bankers Ass’n v. U.S. Department of the Treasury puts its interpretation of the Anti-Injunction Act at odds with both general administrative law norms in favor of pre-enforcement review of final agency action and also the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the nearly identical Tax Injunction Act. A 2017 federal district court decision in Chamber of Commerce v. IRS, appealable to the Fifth Circuit, interprets the Anti-Injunction Act differently and could lead to a circuit split regarding pre-enforcement judicial review of Treasury regulations and IRS guidance documents. Other cases interpreting the Anti-Injunction Act more generally are fragmented and inconsistent. In an effort to gain greater understanding of the Anti-Injunction Act and its role in tax administration, this Article looks back to the Anti- Injunction Act’s origin in 1867 as part of Civil War–era revenue legislation and the evolution of both tax administrative practices and Anti-Injunction Act jurisprudence since that time. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1684 I. A JURISPRUDENTIAL MESS, AND WHY IT MATTERS ...................... 1688 A. Exploring the Doctrinal Tensions.......................................... 1690 1. Confused Anti-Injunction Act Jurisprudence .................. 1691 2. The Administrative Procedure Act’s Presumption of Reviewability ................................................................... 1704 3. The Tax Injunction Act .................................................... 1707 B. Why the Conflict Matters ....................................................... 1712 * Distinguished McKnight University Professor and Harlan Albert Rogers Professor in Law, University of Minnesota Law School.
    [Show full text]
  • The Joint Committee on Taxation and Codification of the Tax Laws
    The Joint Committee on Taxation and Codification of the Tax Laws George K. Yin Edwin S. Cohen Distinguished Professor of Law and Taxation University of Virginia Former Chief of Staff, Joint Committee on Taxation February 2016 Draft prepared for the United States Capitol Historical Society’s program on The History and Role of the Joint Committee: the Joint Committee and Tax History Comments welcome. THE UNITED STATES CAPITOL HISTORICAL SOCIETY THE JCT@90 WASHINGTON, DC FEBRUARY 25, 2016 The Joint Committee on Taxation and Codification of the Tax Laws George K. Yin* February 11, 2016 preliminary draft [Note to conference attendees and other readers: This paper describes the work of the staff of the Joint Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation (JCT)1 that led to codification of the tax laws in 1939. I hope eventually to incorporate this material into a larger project involving the “early years” of the JCT, roughly the period spanning the committee’s creation in 1926 and the retirement of Colin Stam in 1964. Stam served on the staff for virtually this entire period; he was first hired (on a temporary basis) in 1927 as assistant counsel, became staff counsel in 1929, and then served as Chief of Staff from 1938 until 1964. He is by far the longest‐serving Chief of Staff the committee has ever had. The conclusions in this draft are still preliminary as I have not yet completed my research. I welcome any comments or questions.] Possibly the most significant accomplishment of the JCT and its staff during the committee’s “early years” was the enactment of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939.
    [Show full text]
  • Misc Publications MP-02
    TAX FOUNDATION, INC. 50 Rockefeller Plaz a New York, N. Y. August 15, 1940 1 FORMM This conrpilation and bibliography are presented in th e hone that they will contribute to a fuller understanding of a difficult and at times controversial subject . In selecting the materials included an effort was made to obtain a cross section of opinions cnnd points of view . Attention is directed to the bibliograpay of periodical and special materials on war, profit s and excess profits thxation issued from 1916 to 1940. In the light of recent event s, the body of literature developed as P. result of our experience with those forms of taxation during and immodiately after the War of 1914--1919 has assumed anew significance . August 15, 1940 xA FOUIMATION 0 At Page Current Proposals 1 Some Aspects of the Profit-Tax Bill 2 The Excess-Profits Tart 3 Taxation and National Defense 4 Holding Up Defense 5 Excess-Profit Tax Hinges on Business 6 The Revenue Angle 7 The Basis 11or An Excess-Profits Tax 9 The Valuation cf Business Investments 9 Effects of Excess Profits Taxes 1 0 Excess Profits Tax : A Wartime Measure 11 Excess Profits Taxes, 1933 o 1940 1 2 The World War and Postwar Pederal :Taxation 1 3 Wartime Taxes on Profits 14 LIST OF TABLE S National Defense Expenditures, Fiscal Years 1928-1941 15 Taxes, Not Income and Dividends of All Activ e Corporations in the United States 16 Effects of Tax Increases 1 7 Table Showing 7,899 Representative Corporations Classified According to Amount of Invested Capital and R :titio of Net Income to Invested Capital During tho Taxable Year 18 Excess-Profits Taxes of Twelve Coal Companies 19 BIBLIOGRAPHY :Bibliographer on Par Profits and Excoss Profits Taxos 20 1 .
    [Show full text]
  • Four States Challenge the Cap on SALT Deductions Erik M
    Four States Challenge the Cap on SALT Deductions Erik M. Jensen* The attorneys general of New York, Connecticut, New Jersey, and Maryland have fi led a complaint in New York v. Mnuchin, chal- lenging the constitutionality of the $10,000 cap on the deduction for state and local taxes established the Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017. This article considers the most important of the states’ claims and concludes that none of them is convincing. Introduction In a recent article in the Journal, I set out my preliminary thoughts as to why the cap on the deductibility of state and local taxes (SALT), included in what is generally called the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the Tax Cuts Act),1 should survive constitutional challenge.2 (The cap: Starting this year—and, at least for now, scheduled to expire after 2025—individual taxpayers will be able to deduct no more than $10,000 per year of the otherwise potentially deductible taxes paid to state and local governments (generally income and property taxes).3) I noted that the leaders of three blue (Democratic) states— New York, Connecticut, and New Jersey—intended to challenge the cap on constitutional grounds because of the unhappy consequences the cap will have on many taxpayers in their states. The complaint in that suit, New York v. Mnuchin (with Maryland added to the list of plaintiffs), was fi led by the four state attorneys general, all Democrats, in July.4 The complaint makes a * Erik M. Jensen is the Coleman P. Burke Professor Emeritus of Law at Case Western Reserve University School of Law, and is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal.
    [Show full text]
  • Woodrow Wilson's Conversion Experience: the President and the Federal Woman Suffrage Amendment Beth Behn University of Massachusetts Amherst, [email protected]
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Open Access Dissertations 2-2012 Woodrow Wilson's Conversion Experience: The President and the Federal Woman Suffrage Amendment Beth Behn University of Massachusetts Amherst, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Behn, Beth, "Woodrow Wilson's Conversion Experience: The rP esident and the Federal Woman Suffrage Amendment" (2012). Open Access Dissertations. 511. https://doi.org/10.7275/e43w-h021 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/511 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WOODROW WILSON’S CONVERSION EXPERIENCE: THE PRESIDENT AND THE FEDERAL WOMAN SUFFRAGE AMENDMENT A Dissertation Presented by BETH A. BEHN Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY February 2012 Department of History © Copyright by Beth A. Behn 2012 All Rights Reserved WOODROW WILSON’S CONVERSION EXPERIENCE: THE PRESIDENT AND THE FEDERAL WOMAN SUFFRAGE AMENDMENT A Dissertation Presented by BETH A. BEHN Approved as to style and content by: _________________________________ Joyce Avrech Berkman, Chair _________________________________ Gerald Friedman, Member _________________________________ David Glassberg, Member _________________________________ Gerald McFarland, Member ________________________________________ Joye Bowman, Department Head Department of History ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would never have completed this dissertation without the generous support of a number of people. It is a privilege to finally be able to express my gratitude to many of them.
    [Show full text]
  • Legal Status of Capital Gains
    LEGAL STATUS OF CAPITAL GAINS PREPARED BY THE STAFF OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON INTERNAL REVENUE TAXATION DECEMBER 4, 1959 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 48572 WASHINGTON : 1959 J0810-59 LEGAL STATUS OF CAPITAL GAINS HISTORICAL PERIOD PRIOR TO THE 16TH AMENDMENT The power of the CQngress to subject capital gains to an income tax is now fully established by decisions of the Suprenle Court. Even in our first inconle tax statute (act of 1861, 12 Stat. 292) Congress used language broad enough to warrant the taxation of "annual cap­ ital gains." This first act levied on income tax to be paid upon the "annual income" deriyecl fronl certain sources, including income "deriyed from an:r kind of property" and contained a catchall provi­ sion s,,~eeping in "income derived fronl any other source whatever" with certain exceptions having no relation to capital gains. This act was neYer put into effect and was superseded by- the act of 1862 (12 Stat. 432), ,,~hich was similar in this respect to the 1861 act except that the basis of the tax was changed fronl "annual income" to the longer nhrase "annual gains, profits, or income." It \vas not until the act of 1864 (13 Stat. 223) that income derived fronl sales of prop­ erty was specifically mentioned. This last act contained the same general definition of income referred to in the prior acts, with an additional proviso- that net profits realized by sales of real estate purchased within the year for which income is estimated, shall be chargeable as income; and losses on sales of real estate purchased within the year for which income is estimated, shall be deducted from the income of such year.
    [Show full text]
  • The Federal Definition of Tax Partnership
    Brooklyn Law School BrooklynWorks Faculty Scholarship Winter 2006 The edeF ral Definition of Tax Partnership Bradley T. Borden [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/faculty Part of the Other Law Commons, Taxation-Federal Commons, and the Tax Law Commons Recommended Citation 43 Hous. L. Rev. 925 (2006-2007) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by BrooklynWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of BrooklynWorks. ARTICLE THE FEDERAL DEFINITION OF TAX PARTNERSHIP Bradley T. Borden* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODU CTION ...................................................................... 927 II. THE DEFINITIONS OF MULTIMEMBER TAx ENTITIES ............ 933 A. The EstablishedDefinitions .......................................... 933 B. The Open Definition: Tax Partnership......................... 936 III. HISTORY AND PURPOSE OF PARTNERSHIP TAXATION ............ 941 A. The Effort to Disregard................................................. 941 B. The Imposition of Tax Reporting Requirements ........... 943 C. The Statutory Definition of Tax Partnership............... 946 D. The 1954 Code: An Amalgam of the Entity and Aggregate Theories........................................................ 948 E. The Section 704(b) Allocation Rules and Assignment of Incom e ....................................................................... 951 F. The Anti-Abuse Rules .................................................... 956 * Associate Professor of Law, Washburn University School of Law, Topeka, Kansas; LL.M. and J.D., University of Florida Levin College of Law; M.B.A. and B.B.A., Idaho State University. I thank Steven A. Bank, Stanley L. Blend, Terrence F. Cuff, Steven Dean, Alex Glashausser, Christopher Hanna, Brant J. Hellwig, Dennis R. Honabach, Erik M. Jensen, L. Ali Khan, Martin J. McMahon, Jr., Stephen W. Mazza, William G. Merkel, Robert J. Rhee, William Rich, and Ira B.
    [Show full text]
  • The Revenue Act of 1934
    March, 1935 THE REVENUE ACT OF 1934 GEORGE GRAYSON TYLER t AND JOHN P. OHL X Congress, probably inspired by the disclosures of the investigations of the Banking and Currency Committee, passed House Resolution 183, on June 9, 1933, thereby authorizing the Ways and Means Committee to in- vestigate methods of preventing the evasion and avoidance of taxes, means of simplifying the revenue laws and possible new sources of revenue. Pur- suant to this Resolution, a Subcommittee of the Committee on \Ways and Means conducted an inquiry prior to the convening of the second session of the 73d Congress. The Subcommittee filed "A Preliminary Report" ' on December 4, 1933, upon the subjects, of tax avoidance, evasion and sim- plification. In response to the Subcommittee's recommendations, the then Acting Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Morgenthau, Jr., issued a state- ment 2 differing in many important particulars from the conclusions reached by the Subcommittee. As a result of the above investigations, H. R. 7835 was introduced in the House and referred to the Committee on Ways and Means. After extensive hearings 3 the bill was reported out with amendments by the Com- 4 mittee and a report was submitted thereon. On February 21, 1934, the House passed the bill with minor committee amendments. 5 Then, having been introduced in the Senate, the bill was referred to the Finance Com- mittee, which, after further hearings,0 reported it 7 with substantial amend- ments. Further material changes were made on the floor of the Senate s before passage. Thereafter, the Conference Committee on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses made its recommendations reconciling the differ- j- Formerly assistant to Professor Roswell Magill, former assistant to the Secretary of the Treasury; member of the New York Bar.
    [Show full text]
  • Officials Disappointed Vaccine Clinics on Hold Indefinitely by HOPE E
    The Westfield NewsSearch for The Westfield News Westfield350.com The WestfieldNews Serving Westfield, Southwick, and surrounding Hilltowns “TIME IS THE ONLY WEATHER CRITIC WITHOUT TONIGHT AMBITION.” Partly Cloudy. JOHN STEINBECK Low of 55. www.thewestfieldnews.com VOL. 86 NO. 151 $1.00 SATURDAY,TUESDAY, FEBRUARY JUNE 27, 2017 20, 2021 VOL.75 cents 90 NO. 43 Officials disappointed vaccine clinics on hold indefinitely By HOPE E. TREMBLAY he sent a letter to cities and need to travel to get their vac- Editor towns across the Commonwealth cines.” WESTFIELD/SOUTHWICK this week notifying them that Humason and Westfield – Despite all the hard work of the state would not provide vac- Health Director Joseph Rouse Westfield Health Director cine doses to municipalities for released a video on the topic Joseph Rouse, Council on Aging locally run clinics effective Thursday. Rouse said while he Director Tina Gorman and March 1. is also disappointed, he appreci- Mayor Donald F. Humason Jr, “Apparently, they are focus- ates the effort to get vaccines in Westfield will not have a vac- ing on mass vaccine distribution local pharmacies so residents cine clinic anytime soon. sites and pharmacies,” stated a don’t have to go to the closest Neither will Southwick, disappointed Humason, who mass vaccination site at the where Health Director Tammy spoke with Lt. Gov. Karyn Eastfield Mall in Springfield. Spencer and Council on Aging Polito to express his concerns. “If CVS and Walgreens are a Director Cindy Sullivan have Humason posted on Facebook place where people can go so been working with the Select that “she said the state can’t give they don’t have to cross the Board and community to host a us a vaccine clinic but she river, I’m fine with that,” said clinic there.
    [Show full text]