II-3-1 Backbone Networks
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In This Issue: 11 Years All Optical Submarine Network Upgrades Of
66 n o v voice 2012 of the ISSn 1948-3031 Industry System Upgrades Edition In This Issue: 11 Years All Optical Submarine Network Upgrades of Upgrading Cables Systems? More Possibilities That You Originally Think Of! Excellence Reach, Reliability And Return On Investment: The 3R’s To Optimal Subsea Architecture Statistics Issue Issue Issue #64 Issue #3 #63 #2 Released Released Issue Released Released #65 Released 2 ISSN No. 1948-3031 PUBLISHER: Wayne Nielsen MANAGING EDITOR: Kevin G. Summers ovember in America is the month Forum brand which we will be rolling out we celebrate Thanksgiving. It during the course of the year, and which CONTRIBUTING WRITERS: Stewart Ash, is also the month SubTel Forum we believe will further enhance your James Barton, Bertrand Clesca, Dr Herve Fevrier, N Stephen Jarvis, Brian Lavallée, Pete LeHardy, celebrates our anniversary of existence, utility and enjoyment. We’re going to kick Vinay Rathore, Dr. Joerg Schwartz that now being 11 years going strong. it up a level or two, and think you will like the developments . And as always, it will Submarine Telecoms Forum magazine is When Ted and I established our little be done at no cost to our readers. published bimonthly by Submarine Telecoms magazine in 2001, our hope was to get Forum, Inc., and is an independent commercial enough interest to keep it going for a We will do so with two key founding publication, serving as a freely accessible forum for professionals in industries connected while. We had a list of contacts, an AOL principles always in mind, which annually with submarine optical fiber technologies and email address and a song in our heart; the I reaffirm to you, our readers: techniques. -
SUPPLY RECORD - REPEATERED SYSTEM ( 1 ) 1St Generation (Regenerator System Using 1.31 Micron Wavelength)
SUPPLY RECORD - REPEATERED SYSTEM ( 1 ) 1st Generation (Regenerator System using 1.31 micron wavelength) System Landing Countries Capacity Route Length Delivery Japan, U.S.A. (Guam, TPC-3 (Note 1) 560Mbps (280Mbps x 2fp) 3,760km Dec. 88 Hawaii) Hong Kong, Japan, Hong Kong-Japan-Korea 560Mbps (280Mbps x 2fp) 4,700km Apr. 90 Korea Kuantan-Kota Kinabaru Malaysia 840Mbps (420Mbps x 2fp) 1,570km Dec. 90 Japan, U.S.A. North Pacific Cable (NPC) 1680Mbps (420Mbps x 4fp) 9,400km Apr. 91 (Mainland) Surabaya-Banjarmasin Indonesia 280Mbps (280Mbps x 1fp) 410km Dec. 91 N. ote 1:The very first Branching Units deployed in the Pacific 1 SUPPLY RECORD - REPEATERED SYSTEM ( 2 ) 2nd Generation (Regenerator System using 1.55 micron wavelength) System Landing Sites Capacity Route Length Delivery UK-Germany No.5 (Note 2) UK, Germany 3.6Gbps (1.8Gbps x 2fp) 500km Oct. 91 Brunei-Singapore Brunei, Singapore 1120Mbps (560Mbps x 2fp) 1500km Nov. 91 Brunei, Malaysia, Brunei-Malaysia-Philippines (BMP) 1120Mbps (560Mbps x 2fp) 1500km Jan. 92 Philippines Japan, U.S.A. TPC-4 1680Mbps (560Mbps x 3fp) 5000km Oct. 92 (Mainland) Japan, Hong Kong, APC Taiwan, Malaysia, 1680Mbps (560Mbps x 3fp) 7600km Aug. 93 Singapore Malaysia-Thailand Malaysia, Thailand 1120Mbps (560Mbps x 2fp) 1500km Aug. 94 (incl. Petchaburi-Sri Racha) Russia-Japan-Korea (RJK) Russia, Japan, Korea 1120Mbps (560Mbps x 2fp) 1700km Nov. 94 Thailand, Vietnam, Thailand-Vietnam-Hong Kong (T-V-H) 1120Mbps (560Mbps x 2fp) 3400km Nov. 95 Hong Kong N. ote 2: The very first giga bit submarine cable system in the world 2 SUPPLY RECORD - REPEATERED SYSTEM ( 3 ) 3rd Generation (Optical Amplifier System) System Landing Sites Capacity Route Length Delivery Malaysia Domestic (Southern Link) Malaysia 10Gbps (5Gbps x 2fp) 2,300km Jul. -
Optical Fibre Submarine Systems
Optical fibre submarine GREENLAND systems D N ALASKA A (USA) ICELAND L Umeå N Vestmannaeyjar BOTNIA I Vaasa F Faroes SWEDEN Rauma RUSSIA 6 x 622 Turku Hallstavik Whittier Valdez Karst 2 + 1 x 2.5 Gbit/s Norrtälje Kingisepp Seward Tallin NORWAY ESTONIA U N Lena I 2 x 560 LATVIA CANTAT-3 T point AC-1 E DENMARK CANADA D Westerland LITHUANIA Northstar 2 x 4 (WDM) x 2.5 Gbit/s TAT-14 K I N REP. OF IRELAND G BELORUSSIA TAT-10 2 + 1 x 560 D S D Norden/ N O LA Grossheide ER POLAND M TH NE GERMANY Gemini North 2 x 6 (WDM) x 2.5 Gbit/s BELGIUM CZECH Dieppe REP. Port UKRAINE Alberni NPC 3 + 1 x 420 St Brieuc SLOVAK REP. M O KAZAKHSTAN L FRANCE D Seattle AC-1 AUSTRIA A V TPC-5 2 x 5 Gbit/s HUNGARY I Tillamook PTAT-1 3 + 1 x 420 Gbit/s SWITZ. I A A Odessa DM) x 2.5 St Hilaire de Riez SLOVEN 2 x 6 (W MONGOLIA i South FLAG Atlantic-1 160 Gbit/s emin CROATIA ROMANIA Pacific G Y I U Novorossijsk City Pennant Point HERZEGOVINABOSNIA- G s T O 2.5 SochiGbit/s PC-1 Medway Harbour Gbit/ S x 5 L TAT-11 3 DxM 560) A Varna Shirley x 3 (W A V Nakhodka TAT-12 2 x 3 (WDM) x 5 Gbit/s 2 I GEORGIA Ishikati TAT-13 A BULGARIA UZBEKISTAN Rhode Island F L PC-1 L ALBANIA Poti A KYRGYZSTAN N Long Island G Y TAT-9 2 + 1 x 560 ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN New York MACEDONIA TURKMENISTAN NORTH Bandon TAT-8 2 x 280 Istanbul KOREA FLAG Atlantic-1 160 Gbit/s Azores SPAIN E R-J-K C 2 x 560 0 EE 6 R 5 G Dalian A CANUS-1 TAT-14 PORTUGAL TURKEY JIH CableProject Japan-US Manasquan Lisbon UNITED STATES 3x TAJIKISTAN Point Sesimbra PC-1 Arena Tuckerton Marmaris Yantaï SOUTH P TPC-4 2 x 560 A S -
Creating Trust in Critical Network Infrastructures: Korean Case Study
INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU WORKSHOP ON Document: CNI/05 CREATING TRUST IN CRITICAL 20 May 2002 NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURES Seoul, Republic of Korea — 20 - 22 May 2002 CREATING TRUST IN CRITICAL NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURES: KOREAN CASE STUDY Creating trust in critical network infrastructures: Korean case study This case study has been prepared by Dr. Chaeho Lim <[email protected]>. Dr Cho is Visiting Professor at the Korean Institute of Advanced Science & Technology, in the Infosec Education and Hacking, Virus Research Centre. This case study, Creating Trust in Critical Network Infrastructures: Korean Case Study, is part of a series of Telecommunication Case Studies produced under the New Initiatives programme of the Office of the Secretary General of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Other country case studies on Critical Network Infrastructures can be found at <http://www.itu.int/cni>. The opinions expressed in this study are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Telecommunication Union, its membership or the Korean Government. The author wishes to acknowledge Mr Chinyong Chong <[email protected]> of the Strategy and Policy Unit of ITU for contributions to the paper. The paper has been edited by the ITU secretariat. The author gratefully acknowledges the generous assistance of all those who have contributed information for this report. In particular, thanks are due to staff of Ministry of Information and Communication and Korean Information Security Agency for their help and suggestions. 2/27 Creating trust in critical network infrastructures: Korean case study TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................................. -
KDDI Global ICT Brochure
https://global.kddi.com KDDI-Global Networks and IT Solutions Networking, Colocation, System Integration around the world BUILDING YOUR BUSINESS TOGETHER KDDI solutions are at the cutting-edge in all fields of information and communications KDDI, a Fortune Global 500 company, is one of Asia’s largest telecommunications providers, with approximately US$48 billion in annual revenue and a proven track record extending over many years and around the world. We deliver all-round services, from mobile phones to fixed-line communications, making us your one-stop solution provider for telecommunications and IT environments. The high praise and trust enjoyed by our TELEHOUSE data centers positioned around the world have kept us at the forefront of service and quality. Since our establishment in 1953, we have expanded our presence into 28 countries and 60 cities, with over 100 offices around the world supporting the success of our international customers through our high quality services. KDDI’s mobile telephone brand “au” has achieved significant market share in Japan, one of the world’s most comprehensive KDDI Quick Facts communications markets. KDDI’s relationship with over 600 carriers worldwide enables us to provide high-quality international network services in over 190 countries. Our exciting ventures, built on extensive experience, include investment in the “South-East Asia Japan 2 Cable”, which connects 11 locations in 9 countries and territories in Asia. Moreover, as the world moves toward the age of IoT and 5G, KDDI is taking steps to promote IoT business, such as connected cars, support for companies engaged in global business, and the creation of new value for our society. -
Broadband Infrastructure in the ASEAN-9 Region
BroadbandBroadband InfrastructureInfrastructure inin thethe ASEANASEAN‐‐99 RegionRegion Markets,Markets, Infrastructure,Infrastructure, MissingMissing Links,Links, andand PolicyPolicy OptionsOptions forfor EnhancingEnhancing CrossCross‐‐BorderBorder ConnectivityConnectivity Michael Ruddy Director of International Research Terabit Consulting www.terabitconsulting.com PartPart 1:1: BackgroundBackground andand MethodologyMethodology www.terabitconsulting.com ProjectProject ScopeScope Between late‐2012 and mid‐2013, Terabit Consulting performed a detailed analysis of broadband infrastructure and markets in the 9 largest member countries of ASEAN: – Cambodia – Indonesia – Lao PDR – Malaysia – Myanmar – Philippines – Singapore – Thailand – Vietnam www.terabitconsulting.com ScopeScope (cont(cont’’d.)d.) • The data and analysis for each country included: Telecommunications market overview and analysis of competitiveness Regulation and government intervention Fixed‐line telephony market Mobile telephony market Internet and broadband market Consumer broadband pricing Evaluation of domestic network connectivity International Internet bandwidth International capacity pricing Historical and forecasted total international bandwidth Evaluation of international network connectivity including terrestrial fiber, undersea fiber, and satellite Evaluation of trans‐border network development and identification of missing links www.terabitconsulting.com SourcesSources ofof DataData • Terabit Consulting has completed dozens of demand studies for -
UMTS Core Network
UMTS Core Network V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello GSM/GPRS Network Architecture Radio access network GSM/GPRS core network BSS PSTN, ISDN PSTN, MSC GMSC BTS VLR MS BSC HLR PCU AuC SGSN EIR BTS IP Backbone GGSN database Internet V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello 3GPP Rel.’99 Network Architecture Radio access network Core network (GSM/GPRS-based) UTRAN PSTN Iub RNC MSC GMSC Iu CS BS VLR UE HLR Uu Iur AuC Iub RNC SGSN Iu PS EIR BS Gn IP Backbone GGSN database Internet V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello 3GPP RelRel.’99.’99 Network Architecture Radio access network 2G => 3G MS => UE UTRAN (User Equipment), often also called (user) terminal Iub RNC New air (radio) interface BS based on WCDMA access UE technology Uu Iur New RAN architecture Iub RNC (Iur interface is available for BS soft handover, BSC => RNC) V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello 3GPP Rel.’99 Network Architecture Changes in the core Core network (GSM/GPRS-based) network: PSTN MSC is upgraded to 3G MSC GMSC Iu CS MSC VLR SGSN is upgraded to 3G HLR SGSN AuC SGSN GMSC and GGSN remain Iu PS EIR the same Gn GGSN AuC is upgraded (more IP Backbone security features in 3G) Internet V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello 3GPP Rel.4 Network Architecture UTRAN Circuit Switched (CS) core network (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) MSC GMSC Server Server SGW SGW PSTN MGW MGW New option in Rel.4: GERAN (GSM and EDGE Radio Access Network) PS core as in Rel.’99 V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello 3GPP Rel.4 Network Architecture MSC Server takes care Circuit Switched (CS) core of call control signalling network The user connections MSC GMSC are set up via MGW Server Server (Media GateWay) SGW SGW PSTN “Lower layer” protocol conversion in SGW MGW MGW (Signalling GateWay) RANAP / ISUP PS core as in Rel.’99 SS7 MTP IP Sigtran V. -
An Overview of DWDM Networks
Telecommunication / Telecommunication An Overview of DWDM Networks 1.0 Introduction by Shaowen Song n traditional optical fiber networks, information is transmit- ted through optical fiber by a single lightbeam. In a Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON I wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network, the vast optical bandwidth of a fiber (approximately 30 THz corre- Abstract sponding to the low-loss region in a single-mode optical fiber) is carved up into wavelength channels, each of which carries a data stream indi- This article provides an overview of the applications of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology. It exam- vidually. The multiple channels of information (each having a different ines the network architecture and the recent development of two carrier wavelength) are transmitted simultaneously over a single fiber. The reason why this can be done is that optical beams with different major DWDM-based networks, namely the backbone network and the residential access network. The DWDM applications in Local wavelengths propagate without interfering with one another. When the Area Networks (LANs) are not included in the article. The article number of wavelength channels is above 20 in a WDM system, it is generally referred to as Dense WDM or DWDM. We use DWDM as a also looks into the future of broadband integrated service networks based on the DWDM technology. general term in this article. DWDM technology can be applied to different areas in the telecommu- nication networks, which includes the backbone networks, the residential access networks, and also the Local Area Networks (LANs). Sommaire Among these three areas, developments in the DWDM-based backbone network are leading the way, followed by the DWDM-based LANs. -
Taiwan Earthquake Fiber Cuts: a Service Provider View
Taiwan Earthquake Fiber Cuts: a Service Provider View Sylvie LaPerrière, Director Peering & Commercial Operations nanog39 – Toronto, Canada – 2007/02/05 www.vsnlinternational.com Taiwan Earthquake fiber cuts: a service provider view Building a backbone from USA to Asia 2006 Asian Backbone | The reconstruction year Earthquake off Taiwan on Dec 26, 2006 The damage(s) Repairing subsea cables Current Situation Lessons for the future www.vsnlinternational.com Page 2 USA to Asia Backbones | Transpac & Intra Asia Cable Systems China-US | Japan-US | PC-1 | TGN-P Combined with Source Flag 2006 APCN-2 C2C EAC FNAL www.vsnlinternational.com Page 3 2006 Spotlight on Asia | Expansion Add Geographies Singapore (2 sites) Tokyo Consolidate presence Hong Kong Upgrade Bandwidth on all Segments Manila Sydney Planning and Design Musts Subsea cables diversity Always favour low latency (RTD …) Improve POP meshing intra-Asia www.vsnlinternational.com Page 4 AS6453 Asia Backbone | Physical Routes Diversity TransPac: C-US | J-US | TGN-P TOKYO Intra-Asia: EAC FNAL | APCN | APCN-2 FLAG FNAL | EAC | SMW-3 Shima EAC J-US HONG KONG EAC LONDON APCN-2 TGN-P APCN-2 Pusan MUMBAI SMW-4 J-US Chongming KUALA APCN-2 PALO ALTO LUMPUR Fangshan MUMBAI CH-US APCN-2 SMW-3 Shantou TIC APCN SMW-3 CH-US LOS ANGELES EAC SINGAPORE APCN-2 EAC LEGEND EXISTING MANILLA IN PROGRESS www.vsnlinternational.com As of December 26 th , 2006 Page 5 South East Asia Cable Systems – FNAL & APCN-2 TOKYO EAC FLAG FNAL Shima EAC J-US HONG KONG EAC LONDON APCN-2 TGN-P APCN-2 Pusan MUMBAI -
Analysis of Wifi and Wimax and Wireless Network Coexistence
International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) Vol.6, No.6, November 2014 ANALYSIS OF WIFI AND WIMAX AND WIRELESS NETWORK COEXISTENCE Shuang Song and Biju Issac School of Computing, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK ABSTRACT Wireless networks are very popular nowadays. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) that uses the IEEE 802.11 standard and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) that uses the IEEE 802.16 standard are networks that we want to explore. WiMAX has been developed over 10 years, but it is still unknown to most people. However compared to WLAN, it has many advantages in transmission speed and coverage area. This paper will introduce these two technologies and make comparisons between WiMAX and WiFi. In addition, wireless network coexistence of WLAN and WiMAX will be explored through simulation. Lastly we want to discuss the future of WiMAX in relation to WiFi. KEY WORDS WiMAX, WiFi, wireless network, wireless coexistence, network simulation 1. INTRODUCTION With the development of multimedia communication, people need wireless broadband access with higher speed, larger coverage and mobility. The emergence of WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) technology met the people's demand for wireless Internet to some extent. If wireless LAN technology (WLAN) solves the access problem of the "last one hundred meters", then WiMAX technology is the best access solution of the "last mile". Though WiMAX is an emerging and extremely competitive wireless broadband access technology, the development prospects of its market is still unknown. Hybrid networks as a supplement to cell based or IP packet based services, can fully reflect the characteristics of wide network coverage. -
DOC-367222A1.Pdf
PUBLIC NOTICE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 445 12th STREET S.W. WASHINGTON D.C. 20554 News media information 202-418-0500 Internet: http://www.fcc.gov (or ftp.fcc.gov) TTY (202) 418-2555 Report No. SCL-00284NS Wednesday September 30, 2020 Non-Streamlined Submarine Cable Landing License Applications Accepted For Filing Unless otherwise specified, the following procedures apply to the applications listed below: The applications listed below have been found, upon initial review, to be acceptable for filing. Pursuant to the Submarine Cable Landing License Act, 47 U.S.C. §§ 34-39, and Executive Order No. 10530, reprinted as amended in 3 U.S.C. § 301, each applicant seeks: (a) the grant of a cable landing licensee; (b) the modification of a cable landing license; and/or (c) the assignment or transfer of control of an interest in a submarine cable landing license. These applications are not subject to the streamlined processing procedures set forth in Section 1.767 of the Commission's rules, 47 CFR § 1.767. Filings relating to this application must be received within 14 days of this notice. Ex parte communications between outside parties and Commission staff concerning these applications are permitted subject to the Commission's rules for "permit-but-disclose proceedings." See 47 C.F.R. § 1.1206. These applications are being coordinated with the Department of State and other Executive Branch agencies pursuant to section 1.767(b) of the Commission's rules, 47 C.F.R. §1.767(b), and consistent with procedures established with the Department of State. See Review of Commission Consideration of Applications under the Cable Landing License Act, IB Docket No. -
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Attachment 5 XIJUF!QBQFS! JOUFSOFU!LPSFB As the leading agency for national informatization, the National Computerization Agency provides policies and state of the art technology that will guide us to the successful construction of e-Korea. For more than ten the people of National Computerization Agency(NCA) have kept helping the public and private sector to make the best of new and exciting opportunities brought by information and communication technology all over the country. N ational Computerization Age n cy Ministry of Inform ation and Communication XIJUF!QBQFS! JOUFSOFU!LPSFB As the leading agency for national informatization, the National Computerization Agency provides policies and state of the art technology that will guide us to the successful construction of e-Korea. For more than ten the people of National Computerization Agency(NCA) have kept helping the public and private sector to make the best of new and exciting opportunities brought by information and communication technology all over the country. Message From the Minister Korea has established a world-class information and communication infrastructure thanks to the joint efforts of the government and private sectors to build an IT powerhouse during the 1990s. Korea's leading infrastructure in the information and communication sector has enabled Korea to achieve unprecedented developments in all areas including political, economic, social and cultural spheres. As of the end of 2003, 11.18 million households - more than 73% of the total number of households - subscribed to broadband Internet and 29.22 million people - 66% of the total population - had access to the Internet. According to the "ITU 2003 Internet Report," Korea ranks first in terms of broadband Internet penetration rate, has the third largest population of Internet users, and has the fourth highest PC penetration rate in the world.