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UMTS Core Network UMTS Core Network V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello GSM/GPRS Network Architecture Radio access network GSM/GPRS core network BSS PSTN, ISDN PSTN, MSC GMSC BTS VLR MS BSC HLR PCU AuC SGSN EIR BTS IP Backbone GGSN database Internet V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello 3GPP Rel.’99 Network Architecture Radio access network Core network (GSM/GPRS-based) UTRAN PSTN Iub RNC MSC GMSC Iu CS BS VLR UE HLR Uu Iur AuC Iub RNC SGSN Iu PS EIR BS Gn IP Backbone GGSN database Internet V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello 3GPP RelRel.’99.’99 Network Architecture Radio access network 2G => 3G MS => UE UTRAN (User Equipment), often also called (user) terminal Iub RNC New air (radio) interface BS based on WCDMA access UE technology Uu Iur New RAN architecture Iub RNC (Iur interface is available for BS soft handover, BSC => RNC) V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello 3GPP Rel.’99 Network Architecture Changes in the core Core network (GSM/GPRS-based) network: PSTN MSC is upgraded to 3G MSC GMSC Iu CS MSC VLR SGSN is upgraded to 3G HLR SGSN AuC SGSN GMSC and GGSN remain Iu PS EIR the same Gn GGSN AuC is upgraded (more IP Backbone security features in 3G) Internet V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello 3GPP Rel.4 Network Architecture UTRAN Circuit Switched (CS) core network (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) MSC GMSC Server Server SGW SGW PSTN MGW MGW New option in Rel.4: GERAN (GSM and EDGE Radio Access Network) PS core as in Rel.’99 V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello 3GPP Rel.4 Network Architecture MSC Server takes care Circuit Switched (CS) core of call control signalling network The user connections MSC GMSC are set up via MGW Server Server (Media GateWay) SGW SGW PSTN “Lower layer” protocol conversion in SGW MGW MGW (Signalling GateWay) RANAP / ISUP PS core as in Rel.’99 SS7 MTP IP Sigtran V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello 3GPP Rel.5 Network Architecture UTRAN CS core (UMTS Terrestrial Radio PSTN Access Network) MGW New core network part: IMS (IP Multimedia HSS System) GERAN Internet (GSM and EDGE Radio Access Network) SGSN GGSN PS core V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello 3GPP Rel.5 Network Architecture The IMS can establish CS core multimedia sessions PSTN (using IP transport) MGW via PS core between UE and Internet (or IMS (IP IMS other/ Internet another IMS) Multimedia HSS Call/session control System) using SIP (Session Initiating Protocol) SGSN GGSN Interworking with the PSTN may be required for some time ... PS core V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello New Service Concept Content provider Content provider Service provider Service provider Carrier provider all want to make profit End user End user V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello OSA (Open Services Architecture/Access) OSA is being standardised, so that services provided by different service/content providers can be created and seamlessly integrated into the 3G network (this is the meaning of “open” architecture) OSA means in practice: Service Creation Environment (SCE) API = Application API API API Programming Interface 3G network (Standardised) V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello CAMEL (2G & 3G) CAMEL (Customised Applications for Mobile network Enhanced Logic) is a set of “IN” (intelligent network) type functions and procedures that make operator-specific IN services available to subscribers who roam outside their home network. CAMEL = IN technology + global mobility CAMEL Service Environment (CSE) is a logical entity in the subscriber’s home network which processes IN related procedures CSE ≈ SCP in home network V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello The IMS The IP Multimedia Subsystem Vincenzo Mancuso, PhD V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello The IMS The Third generation networks aim to merge two most valuable resources in communication technology, along with local PSTN networks Cellular Networks The Internet Use packet switching, IP The IP Multimedia Subsystem or IMS is the solution to integrate all the services that the internet provides with the cellular and other networks Triple Play: coordination of voice, video and data V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello IMS ValueValue--addedadded services IMS also can provide integrated service to the user Third party developed services can be provided by operators, thus developing value-added services Appropriate charging for multimedia sessions, according to the content and the service offered V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello IMS Service Integration Problem Statement: various networks providing services have a “vertical infrastructure” no horizontal links between networks The challenge: to integrate these networks and to create new applications that would provide service to next generation networks V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello Component #1: the media transport After many other services, introduction of real time voice/video on Internet The 1 st problem is easy: how to transmit voice/video? IP packets RTP (Real-Time Protocol) is a protocol which transports an encoded multimedia stream as pieces, with a timestamp on each piece, and sends Codec them using UDP/IP RTP Any encoding is permitted for voice/video with UDP a Codec: MP3, ACC, MPEG4, AMR… IP Several streams (voice+video) can be sent in parallel with the same timestamp The timestamp is used by the receiver to play the voice/video in a regular way for quality RTP is the media transport V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello Component #2: session initiation The 2 nd problem is more difficult: how to initiate the call? how to know the IP- Registration of Betty’s phone and address address of the called phone? It is necessary to have a table which translates a symbolic name “Betty” into an IP address Each time a terminal service is put on, it must notify its presence to update the table So, thanks to an access to this table, it is possible to make the address resolution : name -> IP Registration of John’s phone and address address The control of the address table creates a tough competition… V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello Why IMS? Solutions to make the address resolutions MSN, Yahoo, AOL have designed a calling architecture hyper- centralized: 1 table worldwide, only 1 operator Skype promotes a hyper- “The introduction and development of decentralized architecture: solution like Skype is highly significant as it alters the notion of 1 table per terminal with telecommunications operators by peer-to-peer update making the process fully electronic“ between terminals IDATE - ART, 2004 Operators dislike such approaches, so they push a way very similar to e-mail: centralization per domain. This approach is named “Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem”, IMS. V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello IMS User Identities Sip:[email protected] tel:+17324567888 [email protected] m Private User Identity IMS Subscriber Sip:[email protected] tel:+88028112347 Public User Identities V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello User Identity Private identity Public Service User Identity 1 Profile 1 Issued by home provider Implicitly Registered ID Used for AAA Private Public Set 1 Service Saved on ISIM (not modifiable) User Identity 1 User Identity 2 Profile 2 Public identity Public User Identity 3 Normal SIP address (URI or TEL) IMS Implicitly Subscription Registered ID Set 2 Identifies the user publicly Public Service User Identity 4 Profile 3 User has one or more identities Used for routing Private Public User Identity 2 User Identity 5 Can be grouped into implicit registration sets Implicitly Registered ID Set 3 If one of the set is registered then the others are as well Public Service User Identity 6 Profile 4 At least one is stored on ISIM In case no ISIM is provided » Use a temporary identity derived from USIM during initial registration (derived from IMSI) » PIDs are then provided by the S-CSCF in its reply to the registration V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello UICC Universal Integrated Circuit Card Used to store data, including authentication information Contains one or more applications SMS Phonebook … SIM GSM Subscriber Identity Module USIM UMTS SIM ISIM IMS SIM Applications are independent SIM, USIM and ISIM can coexist on the same UICC … but SIM cannot be used for IMS access (for security reasons) V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello IP Multimedia Subsystem Next-gen An enabler A standard network of new architecture applications Converged Services SIP Rich Communications IMS Push ---222---Talk SIP Video Clips PushPush----2222----ViewView Sports, News PushPush----2222----XXXX IP Network Presence, LocationLocation---- SIP Voice based Services SIP SIP ServiceService----layerlayer SIP Picture Messaging, EEE-E---mailmail MM Messaging IMIMIM ControlControl----layerlayer At Home On the Move In the Office Streaming Games, Audio, Video Music IMS is access agnostic, cost reducing, and service Downloads TransportTransport----layerlayer enhancing Interactive Services, Interactive Gaming IMS gives the customer & carrier choice V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello IMS Goals & Tools V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello IMS goals Combine latest trends in tech Run fast, no time for standardization of services Mobile/Nomadic internet Create a platform for multimedia services … and their development Exploit/allow mobile packet- switching networks Not a mere circuit-switching replacement V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello IMS requirements Support for establishing IP Multimedia Sessions Audio, video, messaging… Support for mechanisms to negotiate QoS distinguish users operators want to control QoS Support for interworking with Internet with packet-switching networks Support for roaming Home and visited network Inter-operators roaming … V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello IMS requirements (cont’d) … Support for user activity control policies imposed by the operator (general policies and per-user policies) accomplish to service agreements Support for fast service creation don’t require service standardization Standardize service capabilities instead Support for multiple access Not only GPRS, UMTS IP is independent on lower protocol layers V. Mancuso, I. Tinnirello Protocols in IMS 3GPP reuses protocol developed by other standards development organizations ETSI (European Telecommunications Standard Institute) IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunications) 3GPP interacts with standards development organizations as for the development of existing and new protocols Protocols RTP for media transport Session control protocols AAA protocols Other V.
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