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477 Index a aluminosilicate fiber compacts acrylamide, monomers 271 – porous 412 activation energy 103f, 108ff, 126 aluminosilicate fibers 381, 392 – of creep 320 aluminosilicate gels 100f adamite 34f aluminosilicate glass 238 adelite 40 aluminosilicate glass fibers aerosol decomposition technique 281 – activation energy 103f aircraft engine 440f – nucleation and growth 104 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy 200 – viscosity 103 – solid-state 268 aluminosilicate phases 242 – spectrum 194 aluminosilicate powder 232 – triple-quantum spectra 199 – heterocoagulation 276 27Al NMR spectroscopy 97, 116, 121, 123, aluminum, fivefold coordinated 101 269 aluminum borate 76 – solid-state 268 – mullite-structured 203 albite 389 aluminum carboxylates 383 alkali aluminates 4, 29, 33 aluminum dibutoxide ethylacetoacetate 272 – mullite-type 33 aluminum fluoride 252, 292 alkali gallate 4, 33 aluminum hydroxide 252f, 256, 269, 274, Al2O3-rich mullite 356 277, 281, 299, 308 Al2O3-SiO2 glasses, tetrahedral tricluster 124 aluminum hydroxide chloride 415 Al2O3-SiO2 phase diagram 227ff aluminum isopropoxide 381 – simulation 236 aluminum metal 447 Altex fibers 384 aluminum metal reinforcement 463ff alumina 448 – reactive metal penetration 463 – decomposition 182 aluminum oxygen 178 a-alumina 31, 233, 252 aluminum phosphate hydroxide 415 – crystals 234f aluminum sec-butoxide 382 – liquidus 231,233, 237 aluminum-silicon disorder 151 – nucleation 234 aluminum tris-isopropoxide, synthesis 264 – particles 232 COPYRIGHTEDandalusite 2, 4,MATERIAL 7, 19, 33f, 46, 101, 151f, – porous layers 240 174ff, 180, 252 – skeleton 369 – decomposition processes 179 i-alumina 28 – mullite transformation 176f alumina microcomposite, silica-coated 448 anorthite 391 alumina particle reinforcement 461 antiferromagnetism 37 alumino siloxane 272 apuanite 7, 14f, 18 aluminosilicate – group 14 – homogeneous 232 aristotype 1ff, 9, 12 – non-crystalline 94 arsenate 33 478 Index arsen-descloizite 41 – metalorganic (MOCVD) 351 atomic coordination 122f chemical-mullite 32, 256 atomic diffusion 156 chromium clusters 77 Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) 76 chromium-doped mullite austinite 41 – Rietveld refinement 81 average structure 57, 60 chromium-doped-mullites 77 cleavable oxides b – hexaaluminates 438 ball milling 95, 148 – magnetoplumbites 438 Bärnighausen tree 5, 7, 9, 12, 37 – phyllosilicates 438 barrier coatings 369 coatings 368 bauxite 252 – ceramic 337 bending strength 257, 298, 308ff. – environmental barrier 349 Bi2M4O9 group – flame-sprayed 367, 372 – edge-shared MO6 octahedra 14 – fugitive 411, 438 –MO4 tetrahedra 14 – functionally graded 357 –MO5 square-pyramidal polyhedra 14 – multi-layered environmental barrier 371 binder 418 – oxidation barriers 364 blunting of crack tips 455 – plasma-sprayed 369 B2O3 109 – plasma-sprayed thermal barrier 372 Boltzmann-Matano interface 231 – protective 337, 373 bond lengths 149 – thermal shock resistance 357 bond strength 149 cobalt-doped mullite 89 boralsilite 7, 33, 42ff compressive stress 143 – group 42 congruent melting 227ff boron aluminates 4, 33, 37ff, 43, 46, 181 conichalcite 41 –Al6-xBxO9 43 continous fiber formation 381ff Brillouin scattering 146 continous fiber reinforcement brittle failure 428, 436 – fabric processing 405 bulk modulus 312 – fiber compacts without matrix 412f burner rigs 367 – matrix fillers 413 – mechanical properties 421ff c – non-oxide composites 423ff calciovolborthite 41 – oxide/oxide composites 425ff calcium oxide 254, 261 – slurry infiltration of bundles 417ff calorimetry 151 – slurry injection 414 catalyst supports 398 – winding technique 404 catalytic convertors 442 contrast simulation (HREM) 49ff cechite´ 38 copper arsenate 35f ceramic belts 301 corrosion resistance 327, 443 ceramic liners in aircraft 441 crack bridging 457 ceramic matrix composites crack deflection 422, 436, 457 – graphite 437 crack resistance 432 – interphase 437 creep 141, 317f – porous matrices 426 – resistance 423 – turbostratic carbon 437 cristobalite 252, 366 ceria (CeO2) 164, 410 critical thermal shock 315 chains 178 crystal field spectra, unpolarized 78 charge-transfer (CT) reactions 167 crystal growth techniques chemical dipping 436 – Czochralski method 259 chemical resistance 324 – solution-sol-gel process 259 chemical vapor deposition (CVD) 283, 290, crystal structures 336, 350 – mullite-type 1ff – coatings 350ff crystalline mullite 355 Index 479 d electronic substrates 466 damage tolerance 403 electrophoretic impregnation 405, 411 decomposition 179ff, 240, 242 enthalpy 149, 151 deformation 312 entropy 151 – mechanism 143 environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) 243 delamination 417, 428 epidote 3,4 descloizite 38, 40f epitactical nucleation 179, 187 dielectric constant 323 eptactical growth, mullite on muscovite 172 dielectric loss tangent 324 equiaxed grain structures 287 differential thermal analysis (DTA) 263 equilibrium phase diagram 229 – kaolinite 170 ethylene glycol 269, 281 – metakaolin 170 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 271 diffractometry in situ single-crystal 191 europium-doped mullites 93 diffuse scattering 49, 54ff eutectic melting 86 diffusion couples 231 eutectic temperature 291 diphasic gels 276f, 282, 300ff eveite 34f diphasic mullite 420 exsolution 179 diphasic precursor 94 – of aluminum from mullite 184 diphasic sols 277 extended X-ray absorption fine structure diphasic xerogels 299 (EXAFS) 80 – mullite crystalline seeds 300 – mullite nanocomposites 300 f dissolution 179 fatigue parameter 316 doctor blade method 424 ferromagnetism 37 double angle spinning (DOR) 191, 200 fiber coatings 436 duftite 41 fiber cracks 422 dynamic stress response 149 fiber debonding 422f fiber fabric infiltration routes e – electrophoretic deposition 404 easy-cleavage interphases 437 – polymer impregnation pyrolysis 404 èechite 38 fiber failure 390 effect of reaction atmosphere 256 fiber fracture 429 effect of structural defects 256 fiber pull-out 427, 436 elastic constant 312 fiber/matrix bonding 427 elastic modulus 142ff, 149, 312 fiber/matrix debonding 436 electrical conductivity 165ff fiber/matrix interfaces 425, 427 electrical conductors 467 fiber/matrix interphase electrical insulators 467 – easy cleavage 437ff electrical properties – fugitive 438f – dielectric constant 323 – low toughness 438 electrical resistivity 169 – porous 438 electron diffraction 48f fiber-matrix contact 421 – pattern 30 fiber-reinforced composites, non-oxide 423 – studies 171 fibers, creep behavior 382 electron micrograph 179 filters, hot gas dust-trap 443 electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) fireclay 327 spectroscopy 74, 189, 192, 206ff fivefold coordination 19, 30, 33, 35, 39, 42f – Cr-doped mullites 207 fluorine salts 242f – Co-substituted mullite 209 foreign cation incorporation 70 – Fe-doped mullite 206 – boron 91 – Ti-doped mullite 209 – chromium 77 – V-doped mullite 209 – cobalt 89 electronic chip substrates 463 – europium 93 electronic packaging 332 – gallium 91 480 Index – iron 83 grain boundary phases 146 – manganese 81 grain coarsening 438 – molybdenum 93 grain growth 162ff – other 91 – inhibitor 164 – sodium 91 – intergranular inclusions 164 – tin 92 grandidierite 4, 7, 19f, 33, 46, 206 – titanium 74 – group 19 – vanadium 76 – zirconium 92 h formation of mullite Hall-Petch correlation 381 – from andalusite 172ff Hall-Petch equation 309f – from kaolinite 167ff heat capacity cp 144, 147, 151f, 154f, 186f, – from muscovite 170ff 189 – from sillimanite 175ff – high-temperature 189 – from X-sialon 178 heat exchangers 329, 442 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) heat of fusion 151 spectroscopy 207, 209 heat regenerator 331 fracture behavior in-plane 430 high creep resistance 377 fracture toughness 400, 447 high thermal conductivity 423 friction coefficient 316 high-alumina mullite 160 fused-mullite 31f, 251, 260ff, 289ff, 327f high-purity mullite 256 high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) g 47ff gallate 33 – diffuse scattering 49 gas permeability 437 – oxygen-vacancy distribution 48 gas-phase-deposited Al2O3-rich mullite, the – videographic real-structure simulations 54 structure 357 high-resolution transmission electron micro- gas-phase-deposited coatings graph (HRTEM) 302 – alumina 352 high-temperature behavior 238 – ceramic substrates 352 high-temperature engineering materials 331 – chemical (CVD coatings) 350 high-temperature gas filters 336 – growth kinetics 352 hollow mullite microspheres 277 – microstructure of 352 homogeneous precipitation method 274 – mullite 352 hot gas filters 442 – silicon carbide 352 hot isostatic pressing (HIP) 290, 301 – silicon nitride 352 hot pressing 457 – thermodynamics 350 hot-corrosion barrier 367 gas-phase-deposited mullite hydralsite 282 – high-temperature phase transformations hydrolysis 266 359 – incomplete 279 – hot-corrosion 364 hydrothermal technique 72 – oxidation 364 hydrothermally produced mullite 281 – recession protection 364 gas-transport reactions, whisker formation i 378 illite 172 germanium mullite 32f, 40 inclination angle wˇ 1ff –Al2O3-rich 40 incongruent melting 227ff Gibbs energy 150 infiltration glass forming ability 95f – colloid precursor 411 glass phase 262, 383 – metal melt 404 glasy film, intergranular 290 – sol-gel 404 gottlobite 41 – slurry 404, 417ff grain boundary mass transport 286, 290, 312, – vacuum or pressure 414f 314, 317ff – vapor 403 Index 481 – vibro 416 manganese-substituted mullites 90 interstitial Cr3+ incorporation 77 MAS NMR spectroscopy 120 interphases – 27Al 269, 276 – low-toughness 438 – materials for heat exchangers 331 – porous or gap-producing