ANNUAL REPORT FY- 2076/2077 CENTRAL DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY (Estb. 1965)

Tribhuvan University Institute of Science and Technology Central Department of Zoology

(Estd. 28 November 1965) Kirtipur, Kathmandu Phone: 01-4331896, Email: [email protected] Website: www.cdztu.edu.np

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ANNUAL REPORT

FY- 2076/2077

CENTRAL DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY

(Established Date: 1965 AD) Kritipur, Kathmandu, (977-1) 4331896, email: [email protected] Website: www.cdztu.edu.np

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Report Preparation Team

1. Prof. Dr. Tej Bahadur Thapa, Head of Department 2. Mr. Pitambar Dhakal, Lecturer 3. Mr. Ganga Ram KC, Section Officer 4. Mr. Mahesh Basnet, Accountant Officer

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Executive Summary

The annual report of the Central Department of Zoology (CDZ) has synthesized various activities carried out by the department in the fiscal year 2076/77. This report is based on the database of the students enrolled, their graduation trend or drop out in the last three academic years, income sources, expenditure trend, existing facilities, and infrastructure and laboratory instrument available at the department.

Student enrolment is stable with occupancy of full quota every year. However, in Zoology, there is an increasing trend of students appearing in the entrance examination for M.Sc. It explicitly reflects the attraction of students in the field of Zoology. As far as the students drop out trend is concerned, it was negligible as few students preferred to choose the universities abroad for higher education. The graduate trends among the enrolled students were quite high and satisfactory. Among the graduated students, most of them are involved in teaching and research in Universities of affiliated college and some have joined civil service sector or NGOs, or self employment in the field of applied Zoology such as fish farming, bee keeping, animal husbandry, and so forth.

Considering the social responsibility of the public academic institution, CDZ is always in close and regular communication with the government organizations, local authorities, research institutions and communities. The department has been continuously involved towards generating awareness in plethora of biological processes, services and conservation needs of the species. The work plan and budget for the current and next fiscal year along with other relevant data have been included in the annex of the report.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Page Report Preparation Team ii Executive Summary iii Table of Contents iv

1. Background 1 1.1 Human Resources 1

2. Academic Progress 2 2.1 Programs 2 2.2 Enrolment Trend Analysis of the Last Three Years 2 2.3 Pass Rate/Graduation Trend Analysis of the Last Three Years 3 2.4 Educational Pedagogy 4 2.5 Scholarship and Freeships 4 2.6 Guest Lecturers and Department Events 4 2.7 Publications 5

3. Physical Progress 5 3.1 Infrastructural Development 5 3.2 Educational Aids 5 3.2.1 Educational Equipments (ICT, Lab Equipments, etc) 5 3.2.2 Books/Journals/Reference Materials 5 3.2.3 Furniture 6

4. Financial Progress 6 4.1 Analysis of Financial Resources / Income of the Last Three Years 6 4.1.1 Self Generated Resources / Income 6 4.1.2 Grants from Government Sources 6 4.2 Expenditures Analysis of the Last Three Years 6 4.3 Audit Observations / Issues and Steps Taken to Mitigate the Issues Raised by Audit Observations in the Last Fiscal Year 7

5. Social Progress 7 5.1 Department's Involvements in Social Activities 7 5.2 Society's Contributions for Central Department of Zoology 7 5.3 Plan for Central Department's Contribution to Society 8 [vii]

5.4 Plan for Increased Involvement of Society in the Central Department 8 5.5 Issues and Challenges 8 5.5.1 Short Term 8 5.5.2 Long Term 8 5.5.3 Mitigation Measures Taken to Address the Issues and Meet the Challenges 8 5.5.4 Plan for Addressing the Issues and Challenges 8

6. Annual Budget of the Current Fiscal Year (as per the Strategic Plan) 9

TABLES

Table 1: Faculty Members in the Department, FY 2076/2077 2 Table 2: Administrative and Laboratory Staff in the Department, FY 2076/2077 2 Table 3: Pass rate/Graduation trends of the M.Sc. Students in Last three Academic Years Disaggregated by Gender 3 Table 4: Income of CDZ for Three Fiscal Years (2074/075 – 2076/077 6 Table 5: Expenditures of CDZ for Three Fiscal Years (2074/75- 2076/77) 7 Table 6: Program and Budget of the CDZ in the FY 2076/2077 10

FIGURES Figure 1: Student Enrolment Trend in M. Sc. Zoology During 2074 – 2076 3

ANNEXES

Annex I. Name of Current Faculty Members of Central Department of Zoology, TU 11 Annex- II: Names of Administrative, Technical and Support Staff at Central Department of Zoology, TU 11 Annex – III: PhD Scholars at the Central Department of Zoology, TU 12 Annex – IV: List of M.Sc. graduates from Central Department of Zoology, TU during FY 2076/2077 12 Annex - V: Seminars, Online Guest Lectures and Webinars Conducted at Central Department of Zoology, TU during FY 2076/2077 15 Annex – VI: Publication of Faculty Members of the Central Department of Zoology, TU 16 Annex – VII: List of Equipment Procured in the FY 2076/ by Central Department of Zoology, TU. 20

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1. Background

Department of Zoology was established in 1965 with the mandates of producing qualified man power on Zoology, carrying out research, and advising Government on matters of faunal resources. In 1987 it was upgraded as Central Department of Zoology is now one of the largest departments among the Central Departments under the Institute of Science and Technology (IoST), . The department has been offering Master's and PhD programs in Zoology, and has produced over 2000 M. Sc. and 16 doctoral level graduates.

The CDZ is endowed with well qualified, competent and committed faculty members with specializations in diverse fields of Zoology viz Ecology, Entomology, Fish and Fisheries, Parasitology, and Molecular . Besides this, department also has a group of dedicated staff in administration, finance, library, information technology and laboratory to support academic and research activities of the departments.

Master’s curriculum of Zoology has been revised and updated considering international standard in order to meet the national demand of qualified and research oriented human resources in the diverse fields of Zoology. The curriculum encompasses the fundamental theoretical aspects on Zoology, experimental learning, field works, seminar and thesis. It is mandatory to all students to carry out thesis under the supervision of a faculty member of the concerned stream. The thesis work provides opportunity to learn fundamentals of research methodology, and document research results in the form of a thesis and publication of article/s in a peer reviewed journal. The thesis should be at a high level of originality and should examine a problem in depth. There is increasing trends of publishing the articles in peer reviewed national and international journals. CDZ has established research nexus with other national research laboratories for the academic benefit of the students.

This annual report is prepared on the basis of analyses and summary of the various activities conducted and progress made by the department in the Fiscal Year 2076/2077. The report includes the human resources and physical resources available at the department, academic progresses including

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programs, enrolment trends, pass rate/graduation trend analysis, educational pedagogy, physical facilities and progress status (infrastructure, educational aids and equipments, ICT and Lab, Books/Journals, furniture), financial progress (income and expenditure) and upcoming plan and strategies of the department.

1.1 Human Resources

CDZ is providing academic services through seventeen faculty members specialized in various fields of Zoology (Table 1). A complete list of them with academic qualification has been annexed (Annex – I). Most of the faculty members received PhDs from reputed Universities abroad and have long experience of research and have number of publications in national and international peer reviewed journals. The faculties have made significant publications in national and international peer reviewed journals.

Table 1. Faculty Members in the Department, FY 2076/077 Position Total Male Female PhD Non PhD Professors 7 6 1 7 - Associate Professors 4 3 1 4 - Assistant Professors 6 5 1 2 4 Total 17 14 3 13 4

Department has a team of dedicated administration, finance, library and laboratory staff to support day to day operation of teaching learning and research activities (Table 2 and Annex - II).

Table 2: Administrative and Laboratory Staff in the Department, FY 2076/077 Category Total Male Female Administration 4 3 1 Finance 1 1 - Laboratory 4 3 1 Support 6 4 2 Total 15 11 4

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2. Academic Progress

2.1 Programs

The CDZ has been offering M.Sc. and PhD program since its inception in 1965. Currently department has a capacity to enroll 60 students in MSc in every academic year; however the number of applicants for entrance examination is always in increasing trend.

2.2. Enrolment Trend Analysis of the Last Three Academic Years

The student enrollment trend in M. Sc. Zoology was stable due to fixed quota of 60 per batch, however there is increasing pressure. Trend analysis showed that the number of female student is comparatively higher than males with variable proportions every year (Figure 1). As far as the student from disadvantaged group is concerned, the number is more than 6% in each batch but variable in number.

80 60 40 2074 20 2075 0 Total Male Female EDJ 2076

Number students of Number Categories of admitted students in three …

Figure 1. Student enrolment trend in M. Sc. Zoology during 2074 - 2076

The first PhD in science was enrolled in Zoology in 1966 and now there are nearly more two dozen of PhD scholars conducting their research in various fields of Zoology. There is no fixed quota for PhD but number of applicants enrolled every year based on the availability of resources, lab capacity and availability of faculties to mentor them (Annex – III)

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2.3. Pass Rate/Graduation Trend of Students during Last Three Years

The trend analysis of three year (batches enrolled in 2074/075, 2075/076 and 2076/077) clearly revealed that the pass rate of M. Sc. students at the Central Department Zoology was greater than eighty four percent every year. Pass rate was found to be higher in female in most of the examinations as the number of admitted female students is always higher in all the academic years (Table 3). A total of 53 students successfully defended their thesis works in the FY, 2076/77 (Annex- IV).

Table 3: Pass rate/Graduation Trends of the M.Sc. Students in Last Three Academic Years by Gender

Total students appeared Passed Students (%) Academic Semester in exam Year Male Female Total Male Female Total (%) (%) (%) 2074/075 First 37 22 59 33 17 50 (89.18) (77.27) (84.70) Second 37 21 58 37 21 (100) 88 (100) (100) Third 22 37 57 22 37 (100) 57 (100) (100) Fourth 17 33 50 17 33 (100) 50 (100) (100) 2075/076 First 25 33 58 21 (84) 32 53 (96.96) (91.30) Second 25 32 57 21(84) 32 (100) 53 (93.00) Third 24 32 56 21 32 (100) 53 (87.5) (94.60) Fourth 21 37 58 22 37 (100) 59 (100) (100) 2076/077 First 21 39 60 19 37 (93.0) 56 (90.47) (93.33) Third 25 32 57 21 (84) 32 (100) 53 (92.93)

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2.4. Educational Pedagogy

The curriculum of M.Sc. Zoology comprises theory, practical (experiments), field course, seminars and case study/internship. The pedagogy adopted at the CDZ includes lecture method with ppt, demonstration and models, experimental learning, group work and discussion, presentations, preparing reports on assignments, e- leaning, etc. in theory and practical well as field courses. The field courses/work enables students to acquire knowledge on the natural phenomenon and species as well as collecting and analyzing data through close interaction with the faculties.

As the department is currently offering four major specialization (Ecology and Environment, Entomology, Fish Biology and Aquaculture and Parasitology), students in each stream participate in separate seminars, field visit so as to gather data from natural environmental setting. This really provides students to acquire field experience. Each student present his/her field works to the concerned faculty before its final evaluation and approval.

The faculties deliver lecture through interactive methods (using smart boards, Multimedia projector, overhead projector, white board, maps and chart display, etc.). Sometimes students are divided into groups to study in different topics and share their ideas, later the groups have to prepare presentation. Self- learning and guided assignments enable the students to explore and synthesize information through books and journals. E-library, online classes, presentation, guest lecturers, webinars and online examinations have been extensively used during current COVID-19 pandemic.

2.5 Scholarship, Freeships and Research Grant

The students from CDZ has awarded through various scholarships in order to complete their study and research leading to their M. Sc. thesis. These scholarships and research grants are mainly from the TU CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences). In each semester, two students (one girl, one boy) get scholarship on the basis of merit and 15% of the students get freeship (tuition fee waiver). Freeship recipients are selected on inclusive basis (Women, Janajati, Madhesi, Disadvantaged groups, etc.) based on the marks obtained in

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the previous semester exam. Dozens of MSc and a few Ph D scholars got grants for their research from UGC Nepal, NAST, National Youth Council, Department of Environment, President Chure-Tarai Madhesh Conservation Development Board, WWF Nepal, NTNC, etc.

2.6 Academic visits, Seminars, Guest lecturers and Webinars

In order to familiarize the students and research scholars with the state-of-the art in various subjects, the department is arranging visiting/guest lecturers, talk programs and webinar of the distinguished national and international scientists in various fields. They deliver the scientific lectures to familiarize our students on the recent advances in the life sciences. This has enhanced interest of our students in the research field of their choice and at the same time it has given exposure to the experience of international scientists. All the academic discussions held through expert visits, seminars, guest lecturers and webinars by the expert of national and international universities have been annexed in this report (Annex – V).

2.7 Publications Central Department of Zoology is publishing the Nepalese Journal of Zoology (NJZ)) with online (ISSN: 2705 - 4411) and Print (ISSN: 2705 – 4403). Nepalese Journal of Zoology is a peer-reviewed, double-blind, multidisciplinary and open access international journal published biannually. The journal publishes research finding in the fields of zoology. The NJZ has been hosted by the Nepal Journal Online (NepJOL) platform and in the FY 2076/077; it has been awarded two stars on the Journal Publishing Practices and Standards (JPPS) framework.

In addition to the publication of the department, the faculty members are publishing their research articles in various national and international journals (Annex - VI).

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3. Physical Progress

3.1 Infrastructural Development

In the academic year 2076/77, CDZ did not invested for major infra structure development, however, maintenance of laboratories, equipments, educational aids (online), and strengthening e-library have been undertaken.

3.2 Educational Aids

Meeting hall, lecture halls and practical rooms of the department are equipped with some basic educational aids such as Multimedia projector, smart board and white board. Each class room, library and laboratories are provided with internet facilities.

3.2.1 Educational Equipments (ICT, Lab Equipments)

CDZ is having an ICT lab provided with number of computers for the students and all the faculties with internet facility. CDZ has basic instruments to conduct experiments and field works. Numbers of apparatus and other high- tech instruments are not adequate for current number of students and most of them are old and needs to replace by new models. Recently, CDZ has established a laboratory of ‘Molecular Biology and Genomics” but its regular operation is not possible owing to paucity of financial support. The department has felt to expand this laboratory for extensive research regarding molecular biology. CDZ has procured some ITC and laboratory equipments in the FY 2076/077 (Annex- VII).

3.2.2 Books/Journals/Reference Materials

The library of CDZ comprises of text books, references books, some journals and other documents on zoology. The library is managed by an experienced administrative staff and issues the book/material to the students. Considering the objectives of the changed curricula, the department has increased the number of books in the library during 2076/2077.

3.2.3 Furniture

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Faculty rooms, staff rooms, lecture halls, meeting rooms, laboratories and library are well furnished.

4. Financial Progress

4.1 Financial Resources/Income of the Last Three Years

4.1.1 Self-Generated Resources/Income

The income of the department included self-generated income and Government grants through the UGC (Table 4). Self-generated financial resources comprise of the fees collected form M.Sc. and PhD students and research grants. However, the students have to bear themselves the expenses incurred in the field work.

Table 4. Income of CDZ for three fiscal years (2074/075 – 2076/077)

Income Source 2074/075 2075/076 2076/077 Self-generated Student 1,624,140.00 18,24,255.00 36,52,881.00 fee Other 85,123.80 4,96,070.00 3,55,298.00 Total 1,709,263.80 23,20,325.00 40,08,179.00 Grants from UGC 15,855,496.00 2,12,64,279.00 2,08,33,755.00 Government Other 0.00 0.00 12,60,675.00 Source Total 15,855,496.00 2,12,64,279.00 2,20,94,430.00

4.1.2 Grants from Government Sources Department receives large amount of fund from the Government through the University Grants Commission, Nepal (Table 3). The UGC grant was about 15.85 million rupee in the FY2074/075 and it was increased to 21.26 million in FY 2075/076 and 20.83 million in FY 2076/2077.

4.2 Expenditures Analysis of the Last Three Years

The expenditure analysis indicates that major expenses of the department are on salary (Table 5). The recurrent expenses are gradually increased and it

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ranges between 18.23 and 20.95 million rupees. In comparison to recurrent expenditure, the capital expenditure is very low. There was no investment for major infrastructural development.

Table 4: Expenditures of CDZ for three fiscal years (2074/075- 2076/077)

Expenditure Title FY 2074/2075 FY 2075/2076 FY 2076/2077 Recurrent Salary 1,82,30,695.7 1,88,04,858.70 2,09,56,447.70 expenditure 6 Other 29,97,577.35 18,26,711.24 26,02,079.88 Total 21,916,612.71 20,61,30,569.94 2,35,58,527.58 Capital Major Infrastructure 00.00 0.00 0.00 Expenditure Development Minor Infrastructure 192,914.00 8,400.00 19,700.00 Development equipment 4,13,096.00 12,000.00 22,09,403.85 Books 82,329.60 12,978.50 1,49,203.20 Total Capital 6,88,339.60 33,378.50 23,78,307.05 Expenditure

4.3 Audit Observations/Issues and Steps Taken to Mitigate the Issues Raised by Audit Observations in the Last Fiscal Year

Department follows all the rules, regulations and guidelines of the Government and University, and the account system of the CDZ regularly undergoes detail internal and external auditing process and evaluation. Auditor has not identified serious concern on the expenditures. Some of the unclear notes of the internal auditor are rectified with clarification and supporting documents.

5. Social Progress

5.1. Department's Involvements in Social Activities

The CDZ and students are regularly involved in events celebration such as Darwin’s day, World Environment Day, World wildlife day, etc. In such celebrations, awareness program for high school students were organized.

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Students from various schools regularly visit and observe the animal in the Museum of the CDZ. Such events are very fruitful to these students. Faculty members actively participate in various forums organized by the government and other organizations on the issues related to faunal resources of Nepal. As a curricular activity, the CDZ conducts field works as well as internship or case study for M. Sc. students. During the field work, students carry out different activities in the field to create awareness to the local people on the importance of nature, biological diversity and their conservation.

5.2. Society's contributions for Central Department of Zoology

The department is in regular communication with the local government for collaborative works. Department is continuously lobbying for the preparation of faunal database at different level of the Government from local to the federal in partnership with these organizations with an aim to establish good relationship between department and society. In such programs CDZ provide expertise and information to the society and at the same time the department will receive an opportunity to enhance the capability of the faculties and student in respective fields.

5.3. Plan for Central Department's Contribution to the Society

The CDZ has a plan to work closely with different level of the government, nongovernmental organizations, civil society and people to aware about the faunal resources of Nepal and need of their sustainable conservation. The department has been developing and strengthening relationships with internal and external partners and donors. CDZ planned to build a stronger and constructive relationship with the public and policy makers to shape our research and education, and to encourage the widest possible use of our research findings and expertise in policy decision making process. At the same time, the department has been regularly advocating with the concerned University authorities and policy makers to establish a ‘Department of Animal Resources’ with an aim to cataloguing all the faunal resources across the country, redefining their current status in terms of conservation strategy, and at the same time to find the prospect of faunal research within the country.

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CDZ will continuously, improve the breadth and depth of public engagement through events and programs delivered through multiple mechanisms.

5.4. Plan for Effective Involvement of Society with the Central Department of Zoology

By enhancing the public engagement and knowledge exchange, the department aims to ensure that our research and education benefit the public across the country. For this objective we will work in partnership with public, private, voluntary and commercial organizations, and our Alumni.

 Build a stronger and constructive relationship with communities  Engage with the public and policy makers to shape our research and education and to encourage the widest possible use of our research findings and expertise  Continue to improve the dimension of the public engagement through events and programs delivered through multiple mechanisms.  Expand strategic international research collaborations.  Inform, empower and mobilize alumni to become more knowledgeable, collaborative, and involve in biological research in support of the University.  Engage with business, NGOs and others to grow the volume and value of non-public-sector-funded research on a sustainable basis.  Bring together staff, students and alumni to provide high-class research and education in ways that benefit society on a local and national scale

5.5. Issues and Challenges

The Central Department of Zoology faced many short term and long term issues and challenges. These issues and challenges directly or indirectly affect the academic progress of the department and success of the graduates.

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5.5.1 Short Term Challenges

 Limited facilities and text/reference materials are not adequate to satisfy the need of students and also many current and up to date materials are not sufficient.  Laboratories and scientific instruments are not enough to accommodate current number of students, and also some of equipments are old and need to be replaced.  Inadequate information technology facilities and information management systems.  Overstretched facilities due to large number of students.  Weaker link with government and private sectors.

5.5.2 The Long Term Challenges  Both number and diversity of faculties are not sufficient. Lengthy recruitment process of qualified faculties affects the regular teaching and research activities of the department.  Basic infrastructure for museums, lecture rooms, laboratories, computer rooms, cafeteria and libraries are directly affecting the academic activities.  Modern technology: The department needs to update/introduce modern technology to meet international standard.  Lack of funding affects the regular research activities of the department and ultimately deteriorate the quality of teaching and learning environment.

5.5.3 Mitigation Measures Taken to Address the Issues and Meet the Challenges

The department alone cannot address many of the issues and challenges without the support of Tribhuvan University and Government. To mitigate some of the issues, the department and faculty members are paying their highest possible efforts.

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5.5.4 Plan for Addressing the Issues and Challenges

Department has been regularly communicating to the concern authorities to solve challenges and issues faced by department. In addition the department has a plan to develop partnership/ collaboration to enhance academic and research activities of the department.

 Seeking research grants from UGC and from other institutions for updating laboratory facilities.  Making strategies for collaborative research with Nepalese and foreign Universities through MoU.  Tie up with research institutions for the laboratory facilities for student’s dissertation work.

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ANNEXES

Annex I. Name of current Faculty Members of Central Department of Zoology, TU

S.N. Name Designation Education Stream 1 Tej Bahadur Thapa Professor, HoD Ph D Ecology & Environment 2 Ranjana Gupta Professor Ph D Parasitology 3 Surya Ratna Gubhaju Professor Ph D Fish biology & Aquaculture 4 Ramesh Shrestha Professor Ph D Ecology & Environment 5 Kumar Sapkota Professor Ph D Fish biology & Aquaculture 6 Nanda Bahadur Singh Professor Ph D Ecology 7 Environment 7 Mahendra Maharjan Professor Ph D Parasitology 8 Daya Ram Bhusal Reader Ph D Entomology 9 Archana Prasad Reader Ph D Fish biology & Aquaculture 10 Hari Prasad Sharma Reader Ph D Ecology 7 Environment 11 Prem Bahadur Budha Reader Ph D Entomology 12 Indra Prasad Subedi Lecturer M.Sc. Entomology 13 Laxman Khanal Lecturer Ph D Ecology & Environment 14 Janak Raj Subed Lecturer M.Sc. Parasitology 15 Bishnu P. Bhattarai Lecturer Ph D Ecology 7 Environment 16 Pitambar Dhakal Lecturer M.Sc. Parasitology 17 Santoshi Shrestha Lecturer M.Sc. Fish biology 7 Aquaculture 18 Kishor Pandey Lecturer* Ph D Parasitology 19 Ishan Gautam Lecturer* Ph D Entomology

* Part time faculties. Annex- II: Names of Administrative, Technical and Support Staff at Central Department of Zoology, TU

S.N. Name Position 1 Mr. Ganga Ram K.C. Section officer 2 Mrs. Kamala Mishra Lab officer 3 Mr. Mahesh Basnet Account officer 4 Mr. Ananda Krishna Amatya Main office assistant 5 Mr. Rajendra Maharjan Main technical assistant 6 Mr. Santosh Uprety Office assistant 15 ANNUAL REPORT 2076/077

7 Mr. Vasant Kumar Khanal Office assistant 8 Mrs. Indra Shova Maharjan Office assistant 9 Mr. Ganesh Lama Technical assistant 10 Mr. Pancha Ram Tharu Office helper 11 Mr. Rajesh Chyame Nepali Office helper 12 Mr. Ram Shankar Maharjan Office helper 13 Mrs. Rajani Nagarkoti Office helper 14 Mr. Bishnu Khatri Chhetry Office helper- watchman 15 Mrs. Maiya Pode Office helper- cleaner

Annex – III: Names of PhD Scholars at the Central Department of Zoology, TU

SN Name Supervisor 01 Jagan Nath Adhikari Prof Dr Tej Bahadur Thapa 02 Krishna Prasad Maharjan Prof Dr Tej Bahadur Thapa 03 Siddha Raj Pant Prof Dr Tej Bahadur Thapa 04 Rajan KC Prof Dr Khadga Basnet 05 Prayag Kuikel Prof Dr. Khadga Basnet 06 Santosi Shrestha Prof Dr Kumar Sapkota 07 Urmila Dyola Prof Dr Kumar Sapkota 08 Prabesh Kunwar Prof Dr Kumar Sapkota 09 Rajendra Basaula Prof Dr Kumar Sapkota 10 Dharma Raj Thapa Prof Dr. Nanda Bahadur Singh 11 Pit Bahadur Nepali Prof Dr. Nanda Bahadur Singh 12 Gita Shrestha Prof Dr. Nanda Bahadur Singh 13 Ganesh Tamang Prof Dr. Nanda Bahadur Singh 14 Divya Dahal Prof Dr. Nanda Bahadur Singh 15 Suvas Chandra Ghimire Prof Dr Mukesh Chalise 16 Pramod Mehata Prof Dr Mahendra Maharjan 17 Puja Jaiswal Prof Dr Arvind Kesari 18 Suren Subba Dr Vinod Kumar Mahaseth

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19 Deepak Gupta Dr Daya Ram Bhushal 20 Om Hari Shrestha Dr Daya Ram Bhushal 21 Kishor Ghimire Dr Daya Ram Bhushal 22 Jawan Tumbahangfe Dr Archana Prasad 23 Siyaram Sah Dr Archana Prasad 24 Indra Subedi Dr Prem Bahadur Budha 25 Ramji Gautam Dr Hari Prasad Sharma 26 Shubas Bastola Dr Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai

Annex – IV: List of M.Sc. Graduates from Central Department of Zoology, TU during FY 2076/2077

SN Name of Title of research Viva Date student 1 Narayan Diversity of insect pollinators and their impacts 2076/04/06 Subedi in the crop yield of mustard (Brassica campestris L.) in Kusma, Parbat, Nepal. 2 Rabina Human-leopard conflict in Shivapuri Nagarjun 2076/04/07 Dhakal National Park, Kathmandu, Nepal. 3 Alina Human common leopard (Panthera paradus 2076/04/24 Maharjan Linnaeus, 1758) conflict in Godawari Municipality, Lalitpur, Nepal 4 Netra Prasad Spatiotemporal variation of fish assemblage 2076/04/23 Neupane structure in Pathariya river of Kailali district, far western Nepal. 5 Geeta Sharma Population status, habitat preferences and 2076/04/21 protective measures for crop depredation by blackbuck conservation area of Khairapur, Bardiya, Nepal. 6 Anita Kumari Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites 2076/05/24 Karki of high altitude ruminants of Mustang. 7 Saroj Thapa Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites 2076/05/24 of barking deer in Shivpuri Nagarjun National Park. 8 Anu Deshar Distribution of soil nematodes associated with 2076/05/19 grapevine plant in Central Horticulture Center (CHC), Kirtipur, Kathmmandu. 9 Jash Hang Spatiotemporal variation of fish assemblage in 2076/06/07 Limbu Ratuwa river, Nepal. 10 Shrijana Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism in goats 2076/06/06

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Khanal of Malarani Rural Municipality, Arghakhanchi, Nepal. 11 Aarati Nepali Seasonal variation of bird diversity in 2076/06/08 Dhaneshwor Baikaiwa Community Forest, Kavrepalanchok district, Nepal. 12 Suman Dietary assessment and niche overlap of anurans 2076/06/08 Sapkota in Western low land, Nepal. 13 Madan Raj Doversity and distribution pattern of amphibians 2076/06/08 Mishra in Mahakali river basin, Far-western Nepal. 14 Sangita Length-weight relationship condition factor and 2076/06/05 Neupane stomach content analysis of Schizothorax richardsonii form Khanikhola, Kavrepalanchok. 15 Ganga Gastrointestinal parasites of khadknath chicken 2076/06/07 Khadka (Gallus gallus domesticus, Linnaeus, 1755) and cross breed khadaknath in Suddodhan Rural Municipality, Rupendehi, Nepal. 16 Anupa Panta Medico-ethnobiology, indigenous technology and 2076/06/08 knowledge system of Newar ethnic group in Khokana village of Lalitpur district, Nepal. 17 Keshi Fish diversity of Taruwa pond in Nawalparasi 2076/06/05 Chaudhary district, Nepal. 18 Juna Neupane Diversity of birds along an elevation gradient and 2076/06/02 seasonal variation in Kaligandaki river basin. 19 Basanta Distribution and habitat association of red panda 2076/06/06 Gyanwali in Bhojpur district, Nepal. 20 Puja Saud Reproductive behavior of black buck (Antilope 2076/06/02 cervicapra Linnaeus, 1758) in Shukhlaphanta National Park, Kanchanpur, Nepal. 21 Naresh Seasonal avian diversity along an elevational 2076/06/02 Pandey gradient in Mardi Himal trekking route. 22 Deepak Singh Assessment of conservation importance of 2076/06/07 Jakhortaal with special emphasis on fish diversity and fishing communities in Dhangadi, Kailali, Nepal. 23 Dipa Rai Effect on Urtica parviflora Roxb. On the growth 2076/06/05 performance and hematologic parameters in Nile tilapia (Urochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758). 24 Shruti Shakya Distribution and abundance of small mammals in 2076/06/07 Chandragiri hill, Kathmandu, Nepal. 25 Nima Sherpa Effect of feed supplement containing earthworm 2076/06/05 (Eiseniafoetida) on growth performance of common carp (Cyprinusc aprio). 26 Punam GC Icthyofaunal diversity of Babai river of Dang 2076/06/08 district, Nepal.

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27 Ashim Spatiotemporal variation in the fish assemblage 2076/06/05 Adhikari structure of the Mechi river, Province number 1, Eastern Nepal. 28 BigyanThapa A comparative study of gastrointestinal parasites 2076/06/06 among captive, semi-captive and free range cow in Kathmandu District, Nepal. 29 Ankushree Population status, distribution and potential threat 2076/06/06 Mallik to the blue bull (Buselaphus tragocamelus) in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Eastern Nepal. 30 Deepa Pun Field verification of Kimathanka corridor for 2076/06/06 snow leopard (Panthera uncia) identified in the snow leopard and ecosystem management plan, Eastern Himalaya landscape, Nepal. 31 Deepa Evaluation of breeding performance and rearing 2076/06/05 Sharma of bigheaded carp using LH-RHa synthetic Gautam hormone in Mandal Fish Breeding Center (MFBC), Pathardanda, Rupendehi, Nepal. 32 Usha Poudel Diversity and conservation status of wetland 2076/06/05 birds in Jagadishpur Reservoir Ramsar site, Kapilvastu, Nepal. 33 Renu Yadav Induced breeding and rearing of Silver carp by 2076/06/08 LH-RHa hormone at fish development and training centre, Janakpurdham, Nepal. 34 Nilam Role of central zoo in wildlife management and 2076/06/07 Prajapati conservation education: A case study of central zoo, Lalitpur, Nepal. 35 Renu Impact of invasive alien plant species (IAPS) in 2076/06/06 Bhandari the habitat of swamp deer of Shuklaphanta National Park, Kanchanpur, Nepal. 36 Roshan Babu Assessment of GI parasites in bat and human in 2076/06/07 Adhikari Shaktikhor area, Chitwan, Nepal. 37 JharnaKumari Human wildlife conflict in Parshuram 2076/06/07 Pandey Municipality area of Dadeldhura district, Far Western Province, Nepal. 38 Dirgh Status, distribution and conservation threats of 2076/06/08 Bahadur BK pangolin in Kailali district, Far Western Province, Nepal. 39 Shree Diversity and distribution patterns of birds along 2076/06/08 Krishna the altitudinal gradients of Daraudi river basin, Lamichhane Western Nepal. 40 Sanjay Butterfly in Shambhunath area of Saptari district, 2076/06/08 Kumar Sah Nepal. 41 NirajKhadka Evaluating the viability of breeding Colisa lalia, 2076/06/05 F. Hamiltoni) and larval rearing on different

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feeding regimes. 42 Pragati KC Effect of cypermethrin in air breathing fat fish 2076/06/07 (Clarias gariepinus). 43 Navina Intestinal helminth parasites in Felis catus 2076/06/09 Sharma (Linnaeus, 1758) in Arjunchaupari rural municipality, Syangja, Nepal. 44 Gokul Prasad Fish diversity of Koilahee taal, Kailali rural 2076/06/09 Chaudhary municipality, Kailali, Nepal. 45 Sapana Prevalence of intestinal parasites of elderly 2076/06/09 Chhetri people of , Tanahu district, Nepal. 46 Himalaya Comparative analysis of G6PD deficiency 2076/06/09 Joshi between DagauraTharu and Rana Tharu, Kanchanpur district, Nepal. 47 Komal Joshi Isolation and identification of bacteria from 2076/09/16 market live fish, Kathmandu. 48 Susana Diversity and distribution of fish in Likhy river, 2077/03/11 Sunuwar Eastern Nepal. 49 Manika Zooplankton assemblages in Kamalpokhari, 2077/03/17 Maharjan Bhaktapur and their response to Malathion exposure. 50 Bishnu Diversity and distribution of fish in Aandhikhola, 2077/03/17 Bhurtel Syangja, Nepal. 51 Bikram Population status and threats to the survival of 2077/03/17 Sapkota Rhesus monkey in Bajrabharahi, Lalitpur, Nepal. 52 Mina Ale Spatiotemporal variation of fish assemblage 2077/03/18 structure in Dobhankhola, Palpa district, Nepal. 53 Sujata Spatio-temporal variation of fish assemblage 2077/03/18 Chaudhary structure in West Rapti river, Banke, Nepal.

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Annex - V: Seminars, Online Guest Lectures and Webinars Conducted at Central Department of Zoology, TU during FY 2076/2077

SN Date Name /Address of the Lecture delivered on Expert 1 6 May, Dr. Buddi Sagar Paudel REDD+, Carbon trading and 2020 biodiversity conservation. 2 10 May, Dr. N. M. Pradhan, IUCN, Effect of linear infrastructure (Road) 2020 Nepal in Tiger population in Chitwan National park: research work sharing. 3 13 May, Dr. Chiran Pokharel, Zoo Management during the Covid- 2020 NTNC, Central Zoo, 19 Pandemic. Lalitpur, Nepal 4 18 May, Dr. Bipin Kumar Acharya, Geospatial analysis concepts and 2020 Sun Yat Sen University, tools for infectious diseases outbreak China investigations on the context of global COVID-19 Pandemic. 5 22 May, Dr. Maheshwar Dhakal, Our Solutions are in Nature: 2020 Joint Secretary and Chief, COVID-19, Climate Change and Climate Change Biodiversity of Nepal on the Management Division, occasion of International Day of MoFE, GovN) Biodiversity: Day celebration. 6 29 May, Dr. Mahavev Bista The Role of Ladybird Beetles in 2020 Biological Control. 8 1 June, Dr. Samundra Lal Joshi Discussion on the Locust Issues: 2020 Dr. Prem Budha Potential Crisis and Preparedness in Dr. Sunil Aryal Nepal. 9 3 June, Dr. Janak Khatiwada Integrated Taxonomy and 2020 Distribution patterns of amphibians in Nepal Himalayas. 10 12 June, Dr. Babu Ram Lamichhane Living with the Large Carnivores: 2020 Conflict to Coexistence. 11 14 Prof. Dr. SN Labh Expression Analysis of some June,202 Immune related Genes in Rainbow 0 Trout (O. mykiss Walbaum) fed Black Soldier Fly (Hermetiaillucens) Larvae. 12 17 June, Dr. Ramesh Devkota, Schistosomes of Nepal. 2020 Navajo Technical University, US 13 19 June, Krishna Bhushal An overview of ornithological

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2020 and present status of birds in Nepal. 14 22 June, Dr. Chet Prasad Bhatta, Consequences of Introduced 2020 Assistant Professor, Western Honey Bees (Apis mellifera Radford University L.) on the Native Bees and its Carilion, USA Ecological System. 15 24 June, Prof. Dr. Kalu Ram Rai, Herpetofauna of Nepal and their 2020 Mechi Multiple Campus, Conservation Challenges. TU 16 26 June, Dr. Binay Chakraborty, Fisheries Sector of Bangladesh and 2020 Fisheries Scientist & Guest Impact of COVID 19. Professor, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh 17 3 July, Dr. Ratna Thapa, Director, Bee Venom: A Promising Anti-viral 2020 Honey Bee Science Center, Agent. Nepal and Visiting Prof. Incheon National University, Republic of Korea 18 9 July, Dr. Pradeep Adhikari, Potential impact of climate change 2020 Research Specialist, on species. National Institute of Ecology, Republic of Korea 19 14 July, Dr. Bharat Raj Subba, Molluscan Diversity and Prospects 2020 Associate Professor, of Mollusca Culture in Nepal. Biratnagar

Annex – VI: Publication of Faculty Members of the Central Department of Zoology, TU

1. Adhikari, J.N., Bhattarai, B.P., Rokaya, M.B. and Thapa, T.B. 2020. Ethno-medicinal uses of vertebrates in the Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape, central Nepal. PLoS ONE 15(10): e0240555. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240555 2. Adhikari, R.B., Maharjan, M. and Ghimire, T.R. 2020. Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in the Frugivorous and the Insectivorous Bats in Southcentral Nepal. Journal of Parasitology Research, 2020: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8880033

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3. Adhikari, S., Sharma, H.P., Rimal, B., Belant, J.L. and Katuwal, H.B. 2020. Road as a major driver for potential distribution of the invasive giant African land snail in Nepal. Tropical Ecology, 61(4): 583-588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42965-020-00115-4 4. Bhusal, D., Chhetri, B. and Subedi, J. 2020. Determination of Antibiotics Residues in Milk Samples Collected in the Different Sites of Kathmandu, Nepal. Asian Journal of Dairy & Food Research, 9(3). 5. Bhusal, D.R. 2020. Insect Pollinators, Threats For Survival and Ecosystem Service: An Outlook From Hindu-Kush Himalaya Region. In: Regmi G., Huettmann F. (eds) Hindu Kush-Himalaya Watersheds Downhill: Landscape Ecology and Conservation Perspectives, pp. 565-576, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36275-1_27 6. Bhusal, D.R., Ghimire, K.C., Patel, P., Bista, M., Upadhyay, R. and Kumar, B. 2020. Temperature and altitude modulate feeding attributes of Mexican beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister on Parthenium hysterophorus. Journal of Thermal Biology, 89102540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102540 7. Bhusal, D.R., Ghimire, K.C., Upadhyay, R., Bista, M. and Kumar, B. 2020. Phenotypic plasticity along altitudinal gradient affects the feeding efficiency and development of the parthenium beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 63(9): 1117-1124. https://doi.org/10.16380/j.kcxb.2020.09.009 8. Böhm, M., Dewhurst-Richman, N.I., Seddon, M., Ledger, S.E., Albrecht, C., Allen, D., Bogan, A.E., Cordeiro, J., Cummings, K.S., Cuttelod, A., Budha, P.B. and ...... 2020. The conservation status of the world’s freshwater molluscs. Hydrobiologia, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750- 020-04385-w1-24. 9. Chaudhary, S. and Subedi, J.R. 2020. Comparative Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths in Satar and Chaudhary Communities of Birtamode Municipality, Jhapa, Nepal. National Journal, 5(1): 4-12. 10. Chen, Z., Li, X., Song, W., Li, Q., Onditi, K., Khanal, L. and Jiang, X. 2020. Small mammal species richness and turnover along elevational gradient in Yulong Mountain, Yunnan, Southwest China. Ecology and Evolution, 10(5): 2545-2558. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6083 11. Chokhal, K., Thapamagar, T. and Thapa, T.B. 2020. Population status and habitat assessment of Cheer Pheasant (Catreus wallichii) in Western

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Nepal. Ornis Hungarica, 28(2): 111-119. https://doi.org/10.2478/orhu- 2020-0020 12. Dangaura, H. L., Pandey, N., Chand, D. B. and Bhusal, K. P. 2020. Avian richness of the Basanta Protected Forest, far-western lowland Nepal: Implication for conservation. Nepalese Journal of Zoology 4(2):68–84. https://doi.org/10.3126/njz.v4i2.33886 13. Engstrom, R.T., Edenius, L., Thapa, T.B., Bidari, B., Gurung, A. and Mikusiński, G. 2020. Bird communities of two forest types in Chitwan Valley, Nepal. Ornithological Science, 19(1): 29-40. https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.19.29 14. Gittenberger, E., Budha, P.B. and Bank, R.A. 2020. Amazing Paralaoma servilis (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Punctidae) in Nepal Basteria, 84(1-3): 76-82. 15. Katuwal, H.B., Basent, H., Sharma, H.P., Koirala, S., Khanal, B., Neupane, K.R., Thapa, K.B., Panta, D.B., Parajuli, K. and Lamichhane, S. 2020. Wildlife assessment of the Chandragiri hills, Kathmandu: Potentiality for ecotourism. European Journal of Ecology, 6(1): 27-50. https://doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v6i1.13520 16. Katuwal, H.S., Baral, H.S., Sharma, H.P. and Quan, R.C. 2020. . Asian woolly necks are uncommon on the farmlands of lowland Nepal. SIS Conservation, 2xx-xx. 17. Khanal, L., Paudel, B.K. and Acharya, B.K. 2020. Community vulnerability to epidemics in Nepal: A high-resolution spatial assessment amidst COVID-19 pandemic. medRxiv, https://doi.org/10.3126/njz.v4i1.30670. 18. Khanal, M. and Subedi, J.R. 2020. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in pigs (Sus domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) of Chandragiri Municipality Kathmandu, Nepal. Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 5(2): 48-55. 19. Kunwar, R.M., Adhikari, Y.P., Sharma, H.P., Rimal, B., Devkota, H.P., Charmakar, S., Acharya, R.P., Baral, K., Ansari, S.A., Bhattarai, R., Thapa, S., Paudel, H.R., Baral, S., Sapkota, P., Uprety, Y., LeBoa, C. and Jentsch, A. 2020. istribution, use, trade and conservation of Paris polyphylla Sm. in Nepal Global Ecology and Conservation, 23 e01081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01081

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20. Kunwar, R.P., Rimal, B., Sharma, H.P., Paudel, R.C., Pyakurel, D., Tiwari, A., Magar, S.T., Karki, G., Bhandari, G.S., Pandey, P. and Bussmann, R.B. 2020. Distribution and Habitat Modelling of Dactylorhizahatarea, Paris polyphylla and Taxus species in Nepal Himalaya. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2020.100274 21. Limbu, J.H. and Prasad, A. 2020. Environmental variables and fisheries diversity of the Nuwa River, Panchthar, Nepal. Scientific World, 13(13): 69-74. https://doi.org/10.3126/sw.v13i13.30542 22. Neupane, J., Khanal, L. and Chalise, M.K. 2020. Avian diversity in Kaligandaki River basin, Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 46(2): 99- 110. 23. Neupane, J., Khanal, L., Gyawali, B. and Chalise, M.K. 2020. Elevational pattern and seasonality of avian diversity in Kaligandaki River Basin, central Himalaya. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 12(14): 16927-16943. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.5815.12.14.16927-16943 24. Niraula, N., Thapa, T.B. and Bogati, R. 2020. Bengal Fox: Distribution and Den Site Characteristics in Western Jhapa, Nepal. Journal of Environment Sciences, 6: 60-66. 25. Nokhbatolfoghahai, M., Conway, K.W., Atherton, L., Budha, P.B., Jowers, M.J. and Downie, J.R. 2020. Larval description and developmental staging of Amolops tadpoles from Nepal, including ultrastructure of the oral disc and sucker. SALAMANDRA, 56(4): 317- 328. 26. Pandey, L. and Subedi, J.R. 2020. Comparative Analysis of Gastro- Intestinal Helminth Parasites of Goat and Buffalo Syangja, Nepal. . 19 (9): 124-128. DOI: 10.36478/javaa.2020.124.128 Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 19(9): 124-128. https://doi.org/10.36478/javaa.2020.124.128 27. Pandey, N., Khanal, L. and Chalise, M.K. 2020. Correlates of avifaunal diversity along the elevational gradient of Mardi Himal in Annapurna Conservation Area, Central Nepal. Avian Research, 11(1): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40657-020-00217-6 28. Patel, P., Bhusal, D.R., Kumar, B. and Kumar, D. 2020. Life attributes of Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae):

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challenges and future directions. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 30(2): 160-177. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2019.1694636 29. Patel, P., Kumar, B., Upadhyay, R., Bhusal, D.R. and Kumar, D. 2020. Semiochemical tracks of predaceous Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) modulate feeding attributes and assimilation of nutrients in Zygogramma bicolorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 152(3): 330-341. https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2020.18 30. Poudel, S. and Subedi, J.R. 2020. Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Domestic Pig (Susscrofa domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) in Two Farms of Valley. Research Journal of Animal Sciences. 14 (4): 45-49. Research Journal of Animal Sciences, 14(4): 45-49. 31. Prasad, A., Shrestha, A., Limbu, J.H. and Swar, D. 2020. Spatial and Temporal Variation of Fish Assemblages in Seti , Tanahu, Nepal. Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology, 10(2): 93- 104. https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.2048.2020.

32. Rijal, S., Rimal, B., Stork, N. and Sharma, H.P. 2020. Quantifying the drivers of urban expansion in Nepal. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 192(10): 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08544-3 33. Roberts, M.C., Joshi, P.R., Monecke, S., Ehricht, R., Müller, E., Gawlik, D., Diezel, C., Braun, S.D., Paudel, S., Khanal, L…. and Acharya, M. 2020. Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin Resistant S. aureus in Nepalese Primates: Resistance to Antimicrobials, Virulence, and Genetic Lineages. Antibiotics, 9(10): 689. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9100689 34. Sapkota, B., Adhikari, R.B., Regmi, G.R., Bhattarai, B.P. and Ghimire, T.R. 2020. Diversity and prevalence of gut parasites in urban macaques. Applied Science and Technology Annals, 1(1): 34-41. https://doi.org/10.3126/asta.v1i1.30270 35. Sharma, H.P., Adhikari, S., Rai, Y., Sijapati, R., Chand, S., Karki, M., Magar, R.T., Husain, A., Khatri, K.B. and Karki, M. 2020. Responses of Captive Ostrich Struthio camelus to Zoo Visitors at Central Zoo, Lalitpur, Nepal. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 52(6): 2423. https://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/2019092902092 36. Sharma, H.P., Rimal, B., Zhang, M., Sharma, S., Poudyal, L.P., Maharjan, S., Kunwar, R., Kaspal, P., Bhandari, N. and Baral, L. 2020. Potential distribution of the critically endangered Chinese Pangolin 26 ANNUAL REPORT 2076/077

(Manis pentadactyla) in different land covers of Nepal: Implications for conservation. Sustainability, 12(3): 1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031282 37. Sharma, S., Sharma, H.P., Chaulagain, C., Katuwal, H.B. and Belant, J.L. 2020. Estimating occupancy of Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) in a protected and non‐protected area of Nepal. Ecology and Evolution, 10(10): 4303-4313. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6198 38. Sharma, S., Sharma, H.P., Katuwal, H.B. and Belant, J.L. 2020. Knowledge of the Critically Endangered Chinese pangolin (Manispentadactyla) by local people in Sindhupalchok, Nepal. Global Ecology and Conservation, 23e01052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01052 39. Sharma, S., Sharma, H.P., Katuwal, H.B., Chaulagain, C. and Belant, J.L. 2020. People’s knowledge of illegal Chinese pangolin trade routes in central Nepal. Sustainability, 12(12): 4900. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124900 40. Shrestha, D., Subedi, J.R. and Chhetri, B. 2020. Gastrointestinal parasites of domesticated duck (Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758) in Chandragiri municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal. Ife Journal of Science, 22(2): 015-023. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v22i2.2 41. Subba, S., Mahaseth, V.K., Subba, B.R. and Bhusal, D.R. 2020. Monthly dynamics of reproductive indices of Neolissochilus hexagonolepis (McClelland, 1839) and their relationship with physico-chemical parameters along the mid-reaches of Tamor River, Nepal. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 24(2): 239-247. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2020.80222 42. Subedi, I.P. and Budha, P.B. 2020. Diversity and distribution patterns of ants along elevational gradients. Nepalese Journal of Zoology, 4(1): 44- 49. https://doi.org/10.3126/njz.v4i1.30672 43. Subedi, I.P., Budha, P.B., Bharti, H. and Alonso, L. 2020. An updated checklist of Nepalese ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys, 100699-136. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1006.58808 44. Thapamagar, T., Youlatos, D., Bhusal, D.R. and Bhandari, S. 2020. Habitat and nest use by hoary-bellied squirrels (Callosciurus pygerythrus): preliminary observations in central Nepal. Tropical Ecology, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42965-020-00116-31-5

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45. Yang, B., Qi, K., Bhusal, D.R., Huang, J., Chen, W., Wu, Q., Hussain, A. and Pang, X. 2020. Soil microbial community and enzymatic activity in soil particle-size fractions of spruce plantation and secondary birch forest. European Journal of Soil Biology, 99: 103196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2020.103196 Annex – VII: List of Equipment Procured in the FY 2076/ by Central Department of Zoology, TU.

SN Particulars Quantity 1 Desktop Computer 17 2 Multi Function Printer 2 3 Laptop 4 4 Digital Vernier Caliper 1 5 Digital Muffle Furnace 1 6 Water Bath 3 7 Centrifuge Normal 2 8 Cooling Centrifuge 1 9 Water Analysis Kit 1 10 Sechi Disk 4 11 Digital Thermometer 2 12 pH meter 4 13 GPS 15

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Tribhuvan University Central Department of Zoology (Estd. 28 November 1965) Kirtipur, Kathmandu Phone: 01-4331896, Email: [email protected] Website: www.cdztu.edu.np

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