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Agriculture and Food (RC40) AA ggrriiccuullttuurree aanndd FFoooodd The E-Newsletter of the ISA Research Committee on Agriculture and Food (RC40) Volume 6 Number 1 …………………………………… …………………...…………..…………June 2012 CONTENTS From the President (Marie-Christine Renard) ................................................................1 Report from the Editors of the IJSAF…………………………….…………………………....4 XII World Congress of Rural Sociology, Program …………………………………………… 5 RC40 MiniConference Program and Business Meeting Schedule ………………………6 What to do in Lisbon? ………………………………………………………………………….7 RC40 By-Laws ……....……..…….……………………………………………………..….....…. .8 Executive Council and Regional Representatives (2010-14) ……..…..………………….. 10 From the Secretary …..….……………………………………………..…….…………………10 From the President Marie-Christine Renard President, RC40 [email protected] When one interviews peasants and same impact. According to a report to Via farmers in México they will tell you that, of Campesina by the New World Agriculture course, they worry about the prices they and Ecology Group, fossil fuel based get for their products; maize, wheat, coffee, industrial agriculture contributes to global etc. But they worry more about the warming directly through the emission of weather, which is totally unpredictable 22% of greenhouse gas, but also indirectly and produces more uncertainty and through the massive transportation of its damage than price fluctuations. In México, inputs, outputs and products all around 2009 witnessed the worst drought in sixty the world (4% of global greenhouse gas years, while 2010 was the rainiest on emissions). Industrial agriculture uses record with more than 1.2 million hectares 6-10 times more energy than affected, and then in 2011 more than 70% agroecological systems. Agroecological of the country experienced its driest year methods use less energy and are less in seventy years. Areas of seasonal petroleum dependent, they also restore agriculture are, of course, the most soils, reducing emissions up to 15%. The affected by these climate changes. same can be said in terms of livestock A recent FAO report1 attributes 30% production. The same FAO report says of total greenhouse gas emissions to that nearly 80% of agricultural land is agriculture. But not all agriculture has the exploited for livestock. Intensive and concentrated feeding operations have 1 Fao (2012) “Towards the Future We Want. End strong impacts on air and soil pollution hunger and make the transition to sustainable and on greenhouse gases emissions agricultural and food systems.” FAO: Rome. Available (manure). Deforestation also occurs in the at:http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/an894e/an894e00.pdf 1 effort to establish intensive and masivo de sus insumos y productos monocultures of feed-crop production. alrededor del mundo (4% de los gases de Global trade of animal feed crops and efecto de invernadero). La agricultura livestock products is rapidly increasing, industrial utiliza de 6 a 10 veces más boosting impacts on greenhouse gases energía que los sistemas agroecológicos: la emissions from that transportation. agricultura ecológica requiere de menos Local food production for local energía y depende menos del petróleo; consumption reduces food transportation además, restaura los suelos, reduciendo la and its negative effects on the emisión de gases en un 15%. Lo mismo se environment. However, local and lower puede decir de la ganadería. El mismo energy dependent food, such as maize in reporte de la FAO indica que casi el 80% de Mexico, has been replaced by highly las tierras de uso agrícola se destinan a la subsidized and intensive fuel dependent ganadería. Las explotaciones intensivas y US maize transported thousand of concentradas tienen fuertes impactos kilometers away from where it was sobre la contaminación del aire y de los produced. Mexican producers, as well as suelos y la emisión de gases de efecto de millions of small producers around the invernadero (estiércol), además de la world, suffer the effects of the deforestación provocada para establecer agroindustrial system and free trade in monocultivos de piensos y soya. El terms of both its affects on trade comercio mundial de estos piensos y de los competition and climate change. derivados de la ganadería aumenta rápidamente, incrementando también los Cuando se entrevista a campesinos y impactos de este transporte sobre las productores agrícolas en México, cuentan emisiones de gases. que sí, que están preocupados por los La producción local de alimentos para altibajos de los precios de sus productos, el consumo local ayuda a reducir el maíz, el trigo o el café. Pero que lo que transporte y su efecto negativo sobre el realmente los trae de cabeza es el clima, medio ambiente. Sin embargo, alimentos que se ha vuelto impredecible y les causa producidos localmente y con relativamente más daños que las fluctuaciones de los poca energía fósil, como el maíz en México, precios. 2009 vio la segunda peor sequía en se ven desplazados por maíz sesenta años; 2010 fue el año más lluvioso estadounidense fuertemente subsidiado y que se tenga registro, más de 1.2 millones producido con un alto costo energético y de hectáreas resultaron siniestradas. 2011 transportado a miles de kilómetros de su ha sido el año más seco en setenta años lugar de producción. Es así que los para el 70% del territorio nacional. Las productores mexicanos, como muchos otros zonas de agricultura de temporal pequeños campesinos del mundo, padecen resultaron obviamente las más afectadas los efectos del sistema de agricultura por este cambio climático. industrial y del libre mercado tanto en sus El último reporte de la FAO, del 30 de aspectos comerciales como en sus impactos mayo pasado, atribuye a la agricultura el climáticos. 30% de las emisiones de gases a efecto de invernadero totales. En realidad, conviene Lorsque l’on interroge des paysans destacar que no toda la agricultura tiene el mexicains, ils reconnaissent être mismo impacto. Un reporte hecho para Vía préoccupés par les prix de vente de leurs Campesina por el Grupo New World produits comme le maïs, le blé ou le café, Agriculture and Ecology afirma que la mais ils disent aussi que ce qui en réalité agricultura industrial, basada en el uso de leur cause le plus de problèmes est le energía fósil, contribuye al calentamiento climat qui est devenu complètement global directamente con la emisión del 22% imprévisible. En 2009, eu la seconde pire de los gases de efecto de invernadero y sècheresse en soixante ans. 2010 a été también indirectamente con el transporte l’année la plus pluvieuse dont on ait 2 registre, plus de 1,2 millions d’hectares ont FAO déjà cité informe que quasi 80% des été sinistrées. 2011 fut l’année la plus terres agricoles sont destinées à l’élevage. sèche en 70 ans pour 70% du territoire Les exploitations intensives et concentrées national. Les zones les plus touchées ont ont un impact sensible quant à la pollution été, évidemment, les régions d’agriculture de l’air et des sols et à l’émission de gaz sans irrigation. (fumier), outre la déforestation due au Le dernier rapport de la FAO, du 30 défrichement pour établir de nouvelles mai, attribue à l’agriculture l’émission de cultures alimentaires pour le bétail, 30% des gaz à effet de serre. Il faut comme le soja. Le commerce et le transport cependant savoir que toute l’agriculture international de ces aliments et des n’a pas le même impact. Selon un rapport dérivés de l’élevage s’accélèrent, du Groupe New World Agriculture and augmentant aussi les impacts négatifs Ecology réalisé à la demande de Via quant aux émissions de gaz. Campesina, l’agriculture industrielle, de La production locale d’aliments pour par son usage intensif de l’énergie fossile, leur consommation locale permet de contribue directement au réchauffement réduire le transport et donc les effets global avec l’émission de 22% des gaz à négatifs pour l’environnement. Des effet de serre ; elle y contribue aussi aliments produits localement et avec un indirectement à cause du transport massif relativement faible coût énergétique, de ses intrants et de ses produits de par le comme le maïs mexicain, par exemple, monde (4% des gaz á effet de serre). sont cependant déplacés par le maïs des L’agriculture industrielle utilise entre 6 et États-Unis, dont la production est 10 fois plus d’énergie que les systèmes fortement subsidiée et intensive en énergie agro-écologiques : l’agriculture écologique fossile, et qui est transporté à des milliers utilise moins d’énergie et dépend moins du de kilomètres de son lieu de production. pétrole ; de plus, elle préserve les sols, Les producteurs mexicains, comme réduisant ainsi les émissions de gaz de beaucoup d’autres paysans dans le monde, 15%. On peut dire la même chose de souffrent les conséquences du modèle l’élevage. Le rapport de la d’agriculture industrielle et du libre-échange tant sur le plan commercial comme sur leur environnement. 3 Report from the Editors INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD (IJSAF) Mara Miele, Vaughan Higgins, Farshad Araghi Issues since the last RC-40 Newsletter 6. Keeping Them in Their Place: Since the last newsletter one issue of the Migrant Women Workers in Spain’s journal have been published online. Strawberry Industry Available at: Susan E. Mannon, Peggy Petrzelka, http://ijsaf.org/contents/19-1/index.html Christy M. Glass and Claudia Radel Volume 19, Issue 1 (2012) 7. Labor Recruitment and Immigration 1. The Limits to Unified Claims in the Eastern North Carolina Food against European Agricultural Industry
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  • José Da Cunha Taborda
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