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Pengendalian Covid Buku 2 Plus 25.5.21.Pdf Photo by Bern Stern on Unsplash Photo by Bern Stern ii PENGENDALIAN COVID-19 PENGENDALIAN COVID-19 Dengan 3M, 3T, Vaksinasi, Disiplin, Kompak, dan Konsisten Buku 2 SATUAN TUGAS PENANGANAN COVID-19 MEI 2021 Pengendalian COVID-19 dengan 3M, 3T, Vaksinasi, Disiplin, Kompak, dan Konsisten Buku 2 ISBN: 978-623-96783-2-6 Ukuran Buku: 148 x 210 mm Jumlah Halaman: x + 50 halaman Naskah: Bidang Perubahan Perilaku Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19 Editor: Tim Ahli Bidang Perubahan Perilaku Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19 Desain: Bidang Perubahan Perilaku Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19 Penerbit: Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19 Sumber Ilustrasi: Freepik, Unsplash, Canva. Boleh mengumumkan, mendistribusikan, mengkomunikasikan, dan/atau menggandakan sebagian atau seluruh isi buku ini sepanjang bukan untuk kepentingan komersial dan menuliskan sumbernya. TIM PENYUSUN PENGARAH Letnan Jenderal TNI Dr. (HC) Doni Monardo Ketua Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19 Nasional PENANGGUNG JAWAB Dr. Sonny Harry B. Harmadi Ketua Bidang Perubahan Perilaku Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19 Nasional PENYUSUN 15. Evi Nurfitriani, S.Kel 1. Ir. Harris Iskandar, Ph.D 16. Deti Rahmawati, S.IP., MT 2. Riant Nugroho, Ph.D 17. Fimela Apriany, S.H., MAPS 3. Prof. Dr. Keri Lestari, M.Si. Apt 18. Basra Ahmad Amru, S.Ked 4. Prof. Dr. Multamia RMT Lauder, 19. Dra. Chamnah Wahyuni, M.B.A. S.S., Mse., D.E.A 20. Ratna Dwicahyaningtyas, S.KM 5. Prof. Dr. dr. Agus Purwadianto, 21. Syamira Nurjannah, S.KM DFM., SH., M.Si., Sp.FM(K) 6. Ernawati Arifin Giri Rachman, PENELAAH AHLI Ph.D 1. Prof. Dr. Paulus Wirutomo, 7. Dr. Andik Matulessy, M.Si., MSc.- UI Psikolog 2. Prof. dr. Tjandra Yoga Aditama, 8. Dr. Agnes Tuti Rumiati, MSc. Sp.P(K), DTM&H, DTCE, FISR-UI 9. Prof. Bambang Tjahjadi 3. Prof. Hamzah Fansuri, S.Si., 10. Ir. Anggraeni irawati M.Si., Ph.D.- ITS 11. dr. R. Koesmedi Priharto, 4. Prof. drh. Wiku Adisasmito, Sp.OT, FICS, FAPOA, M.Kes MSc. Ph.D - Satgas 12. Dimas Hari Santoso, M.Ec., Penanganan COVID-19 M.E 5. Prof. Dr. Kusnandi Rusmil, dr., 13. Dwi Tyas Wijayanti, S.Ikom Sp.A(K), M.M. - UNPAD 14. Olga Putri Sholicha, S.T Dengan 3M, 3T, Vaksinasi, Disiplin, Kompak, dan Konsisten iii SAMBUTAN engalaman selama satu tahun lebih, telah memberikan pelajaran. P Tidak ada satu pun intervensi tunggal yang mampu menyelesaikan pandemi ini. Kita harus terus meningkatkan ketahanan kesehatan masyarakat melalui upaya pencegahan penularan yang dikenal dengan istilah 3M (Memakai masker, Menjaga jarak menghindari kerumunan, dan Mencuci tangan pakai sabun). Perilaku 3M harus disertai upaya 3T (Tes, Telusur, Tindak lanjut) agar kita mampu menghentikan penularan di masyarakat dan menyelamatkan mereka yang menderita COVID-19. Kehadiran vaksin telah memberi banyak harapan agar kita segera terbebas dari pandemi ini. Kombinasi antara upaya 3M, 3T dan vaksinasi menjadi intervensi penting yang saling mendukung dan tidak terpisahkan satu sama lain. Tantangan saat ini adalah adanya anggapan sebagian masyarakat bahwa jika telah divaksin, protokol kesehatan tidak lagi penting. Hal itu merupakan pandangan yang sangat keliru. Bapak Presiden beberapa kali mengingatkan kita bahwa meskipun sudah divaksin, semua orang tetap harus patuh protokol kesehatan, melaksanakan 3M, tanpa terkecuali. Bidang Perubahan Perilaku Satgas Penanganan COVID-19 kiranya terus mengedukasi masyarakat tentang pentingnya kepatuhan terhadap protokol kesehatan hingga kita dapat mencapai kondisi herd immunity. Dua pesan kampanye kami: “Ingat pesan ibu, vaksin melindungi kita semua, namun tetap 3M”, dan “Sudah divaksin tetap 3M, apalagi belum” diharapkan dapat menjadi pengingat agar masyarakat tetap patuh 3M meskipun sudah divaksin. Kolaborasi pentaheliks, melibatkan pemerintah, swasta, masyarakat, perguruan tinggi, dan media. Aktivasi Posko Desa/Kelurahan yang iv PENGENDALIAN COVID-19 melaksanakan fungsi pencegahan, penanganan, pembinaan, dan pendukung di tingkat komunitas jelas sangat penting dan efektif. Pelaksanaan PPKM Mikro terbukti mampu membangkitkan peran masyarakat dan mengoptimalkan modal sosial gotong royong yang memang menjadi kekuatan bangsa Indonesia. Kita belum tahu kapan pandemi akan berakhir. Namun dengan kombinasi strategi 3M, 3T, dan vaksinasi yang dilaksanakan secara konsisten, disiplin, dan kompak akan menjadi kunci keberhasilan kita untuk merdeka dari pandemi COVID-19. Saya ucapkan terima kasih kepada seluruh anggota tim yang terlibat dalam penyelesaian buku ini. Semoga bermanfaat dan menjadi inspirasi serta sumber pengetahuan bagi seluruh komponen masyarakat. Semoga Allah SWT, Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa senantiasa membimbing kita dalam pengabdian terbaik untuk Indonesia tercinta. Salam Tangguh! Jakarta, 20 Mei 2021 Kepala BNPB Selaku Ketua Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19 ttd Letnan Jenderal TNI Dr. (HC) Doni Monardo Dengan 3M, 3T, Vaksinasi, Disiplin, Kompak, dan Konsisten v KATA PENGANTAR uku ini hadir melengkapi Pedoman Perubahan Perilaku yang telah Bdiluncurkan Oktober 2020 lalu. Setahun pandemi berlalu, kita banyak belajar dan berusaha semakin baik dalam menangani COVID-19. Perubahan perilaku tidak hanya dibutuhkan dalam upaya penerapan 3M saja, melainkan juga dukungan masyarakat terhadap pelaksanaan 3T dan program vaksinasi. Oleh karenanya, Buku ini memberi penjelasan yang lebih lengkap tentang 3 pilar utama pengendalian COVID-19 (3M, 3T, dan Vaksinasi) yang harus dilaksanakan secara disiplin, kompak, dan konsisten. Penjelasan tentang Posko Desa/Kelurahan sebagai organisasi pusat perencanaan, koordinasi, dan pengendalian kegiatan penanganan COVID-19 di wilayah Desa/Kelurahan menjadi rangkaian penutup buku ini. Penyusunan buku ini melibatkan para ahli berbagai rumpun keilmuan di antaranya ahli kedokteran, kesehatan masyarakat, farmasi, biologi molekuler, kimia, sosiologi, antropologi, komunikasi, linguistik, pendidikan, psikologi, statistika, dan kebijakan publik. Dengan keahlian yang saling melengkapi, buku ini ibarat orkestrasi pengetahuan dengan narasi terstruktur yang mudah dipahami tentang pengendalian COVID-19. vi PENGENDALIAN COVID-19 Apresiasi kami atas kerja keras seluruh anggota bidang perubahan perilaku, para penyusun dan penelaah ahli yang telah mencurahkan banyak waktunya untuk menyelesaikan buku ini secara cepat selama 1 bulan terakhir. Terima kasih juga kami ucapkan atas arahan Letjen TNI Dr. (HC) Doni Monardo selaku Ketua Satgas Penanganan COVID-19 yang telah memberikan masukan secara langsung bagi penyempurnaan buku pedoman ini. Semoga Allah SWT, Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, senantiasa memberi kemudahan bagi kita dalam mewujudkan Indonesia merdeka COVID-19. Jakarta, 20 Mei 2021 Ketua Bidang Perubahan Perilaku Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19 ttd Dr. Sonny Harry B Harmadi Dengan 3M, 3T, Vaksinasi, Disiplin, Kompak, dan Konsisten vii DAFTAR ISI Sambutan ...................................................................................... iv Kata Pengantar ............................................................................ v Daftar Isi ......................................................................................... vii BAB I Pendahuluan ................................................................................. 1 BAB II Virus Corono ................................................................................ 7 BAB III 3M .................................................................................................... 11 BAB IV 3T ..................................................................................................... 23 BAB V Vaksinasi ........................................................................................ 37 BAB VI Tata Kelola 3M, 3T, dan Vaksinasi ........................................... 52 BAB VII Posko Desa/Kelurahan............................................................... 55 BAB VIII Paskawacana ................................................................................ 61 BAB IX Penutup .......................................................................................... 67 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................... 69 viii PENGENDALIAN COVID-19 BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN Pendahuluan erjuangan melawan pandemi COVID-19 belumlah usai. Hingga Pakhir April 2021, COVID-19 telah menginfeksi setidaknya 1,69 juta jiwa penduduk di Indonesia. Meski demikian, kita layak untuk optimis mengingat kasus harian yang mulai menunjukkan penurunan memasuki Maret 2021. Tren yang sangat positif ini dipengaruhi oleh keputusan pemerintah yang menerapkan kebijakan PPKM (Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat) Mikro berbasis komunitas di level terkecil. Keputusan ini ternyata berhasil membuahkan dampak yang positif karena melibatkan masyarakat secara langsung dalam penanganan pandemi COVID-19. Namun penurunan kasus harian saja tidak cukup. Indonesia harus mampu mengendalikan penyebaran COVID-19 hingga positivity rate harian turun di bawah 5%. Saat ini, positivity rate harian di Indonesia berfluktuasi di kisaran 10-12%. Dengan penularan yang masih terus terjadi hingga saat ini, kesadaran masyarakat dalam menerapkan protokol kesehatan dan mendukung program vaksinasi harus terus dijaga. Gambar 1 Tren Akumulasi Kasus Positif COVID-19 di Indonesia 1,800,000.00 Meninggal Sembuh Aktif Total Kasus 1,500,000.00 1,200,000.00 900,000.00 600,000.00 300,000.00 0.00 1-Feb-21 5-Apr-21 6-Jul-20 11-Jan-21 7-Sep-20 2-Mar-20 15-Mar-21 9-Nov-20 27-Jul-20 13-Apr-20 19-Oct-20 15-Jun-20 4-May-20 22-Feb-21 17-Aug-20 21-Dec-20 23-Mar-20 28-Sep-20 30-Nov-20 25-May-20 Sumber: Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19 2 PENGENDALIAN COVID-19
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