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LOCKDOWN POLICY DISCOURSE ADDRESS- ING COVID-19 in INDONESIA Debora Sanur

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LOCKDOWN POLICY DISCOURSE ADDRESS- ING COVID-19 in INDONESIA Debora Sanur Research Center DOMESTIC POLITICAL DIVISION Expertise Agency of DPR RI Gd. Nusantara I Lt. 2 Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto Jakarta Pusat - 10270 c 5715409 d 5715245 m [email protected] A BRIEF STUDY OF ACTUAL AND STRATEGIC ISSUES Vol.XII No. 6/II/Puslit/March/2020 LOCKDOWN POLICY DISCOURSE ADDRESS- ING COVID-19 IN INDONESIA Debora Sanur 25 Abstract A number of countries have adopted a lockdown policy to prevent the spread of Corona or Covid-19 viruses. This condition inspired discourse in Indonesia whether the government needs to do a lockdown or not. This paper discussed how lockdown policy in other countries and whether the policy was appropriate if implemented in Indonesia. President Joko Widodo has stressed that he would not conduct lockdown. Indonesia actually applied social distancing rules or kept distance as well as reduced community mobility from one place to another. Through Presidential Decree No. 9 of 2020, the President has distributed his authority to every governor to be able to play an active role in making policies for his region. Meanwhile it was important for the House of Representative of the Republic of Indonesia and government to revise Law No. 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine, so that there were standard arrangements related to social distancing as well as sanctions. Introduction hospital quarantine, and there are A number of countries have large-scale social restrictions. Home adopted a lockdown policy to quarantine means a person is not prevent the spread of Corona Virus allowed to leave the house. In the or Covid-19. Most recently, India Covid-19 case, these people are stated that they would do lockdown included in the category of People from March 25, 2020 to the next 21 Under Monitoring (ODP) and days (bbc.com, March 24, 2020). Patients Under Monitoring (PDP). This condition inspires discourse in Second, hospital quarantine means Indonesia, whether the government if someone has been declared needs to do a lockdown or not. as a positive patient affected by In Indonesia, the lockdown the disease (suspect). In case of policy is the same as the area Covid-19, that person has tested quarantine as referred to in Law No. 6 positive for Covid-19. While the PUSLIT BKD of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine. area quarantine is known as the In the Act there are several kinds of lockdown on an area, and social regulations on quarantine, namely restrictions such as those currently home quarantine, regional quarantine, taking place are known as social distancing. and theaters have ceased activities. Until now President But because cases in Italy continue Joko Widodo has stressed that increasing, the government finally Indonesia will not do a lockdown did a lockdown with tighter and prioritized on social supervision and confined several distancing (reducing crowds) cities. Likewise Spain, since 14 and self-quarantine (independent March 2020 the central government quarantine/isolation). Based on has ordered its citizens to work this, this paper will discuss whether from home. Business centers lockdown can be applied in and educational facilities such as Indonesia or not. schools and campuses were also closed (cnnindonesia.com, 18 March Lockdown Policy in Other 2020). Countries In Asia lockdown is done In facing Covid-19 outbreak, differently. Philippine did a 26 a number of countries have lockdown only in Manila by closing conducted lockdowns. The land, sea and air routes. Malaysia lockdown was initially carried out made a lockdown of 2 weeks from in Wuhan City, China which was 18 March 2020. Malaysia decided to the center of the first Covid-19 do lockdown when the number of deployment. The Chinese positive cases of Covid-19 reached government did total lockdown on 553 people. As compensation, the Wuhan City. Then, 12 other regions Malaysian government promised to which were directly connected provide electricity tariff discounts with Wuhan also implemented for April 2020 and financial a lockdown policy. The Chinese assistance amounting to 600 ringgit government even closed down for workers who dud not get all non-strategic companies and income due to lockdown (tirto.id, all schools in Hubei Province at 18 March 2020). least until March 10, 2020. Finally There are also countries with the lockdown policy and which do not do lockdown, such other efforts made, the increase as Vietnam and Russia. Vietnam in the number of corona virus successfully suppressed the spread infections in Wuhan has decreased of the Covid-19 virus in which dramatically. 16 patients were declared cured. Countries in the European Vietnam Government made anti- Region that did lockdown included infectious, bacterial and viral booths Italy, Denmark, Spain, Ireland for the community (it was called and Netherlands. Countries in the Mobile Disinfection Chamber). Asia that did lockdowns are Ministry of Health of Vietnam put Philippine, Malaysia and India. the portable booths in crowded However, each country has a places and can be used by 1,000 different lockdown. For example people a day. The effectiveness of in Italy, the government initially the cubicle can eliminate 90% of appealed to residents to remain viruses and bacteria in the body silent at home and most nightclubs, and clothing (Detiknews, March 18, restaurants, schools, campuses 2020). In Russia, it was found 367 No. 9 of 2020 has added Covid-19 cases of Covid-19 (1 person died), Task Force elements, namely the but the government said that the so-called Steering Member for cases can be controlled. This was the development of a responsive because preventive measures have organizational system, in which the been taken since the beginning, structure of the Steering Member such as closing the 4,000 kilometer consists of 27 elements from 19 border with China since January 30, Ministers and institutional elements 2020 and establishing quarantine such as the Head of the State zones to prevent further outbreaks. Intelligence Body (BIN) , Head of Russia also closed all borders, Drug and Food Supervisory Body suspended all cultural and sporting (BPOM), the Presidential Staff events, and has a Covid-19 track Office (KSP), and the governors. record in the country. (detik.com, Thus, the President has given March 23, 2020). authority to governors throughout 27 Indonesia to participate with the Policy in Indonesia central government in handling the Looking at various other Covid-19 spread. The governors countries' policies, Indonesia have the authority to monitor needs to find the best solution to and evaluate the implementation overcome the Covid-19 pandemic, of the acceleration of handling especially since its spread continue of COVID-19 spread in their spreading in less than a month. If regions. As a Steering Board, on March 2, 2020 two patients were each governor can also provides found to be positive with Covid-19, direction to the executor of the then on 24 March 2020 the number Task Force for the Acceleration of cases had jumped dramatically of Handling COVID-19 for their to 686 where only 30 people were regions. Through the Presidential declared cured and 55 people died Decree the President also gave 29 (bnpb.go.id, March 24, 2020). authorities to the Chairman of the It prompts several regions Task Force for the Acceleration of to make policies so that the Handling Covid-19, Doni Monardo, spread of the virus will not be to carry out its own imports related more widespread. Initially the to handling the Covid-19 virus. regional head policy was not The President's policy through capable of being moved (referring the Presidential Decree has to Law No. 6 of 2018). However distributed various authorities so since the President established that it is expected that each party Presidential Decree (Keppres) No.9 who becomes the instrument in of 2020 concerning Amendment the Presidential Decree can be to Presidential Decree No. 7 of optimal in a joint effort to overcome 2020 concerning the Task Force Covid-19 in Indonesia. In other for the Acceleration of Handling words, even though the President Covid-19, it can be done if the did not take a national lockdown mayor/the regent coordinates with policy however, through this the governor then the governor Presidential Decree the governors coordinates with the central. cannot be recommended to have Article 8 of Presidential Decree authority of doing lockdown. In the future, Law No. 6 of 2018 However the governors shall be concerning Health Quarantine able to calculate the readiness of needs to be revised, to include their region in dealing with various provisions on social distancing and situations related to Covid-19 sanctions. Through the legalization prevention. For example, if an function, the DPR RI needs to area wishes to do lockdown, the play an active role in seeking the governor shall have well calculated Revision of the Health Quarantine the social, economic and health Law. impacts in his area (detik.com, March 25, 2020). The urgent matter at this time References is a strict arrangement towards "How the World Community the implementation of social Surviving in Lockdown? ", distancing appeal, which is still in https://tirto.id/eFFk, accessed 28 the way. The president needs to March 18, 2020. immediately issue a government "Coronavirus: India to Enter Total regulation in lieu of laws and Lockdown 'After Spike in regulations (Perppu) to regulate Cases, https://www.bbc. social distancing in more detail, com/news/world-asia-india- in order to further force citizens to 52024239, accessed March 25 comply. The Regional governments 2020. also need to supervise citizens "Covid-19 Data in Indonesia", bnpb. through the civil service police go.id, accessed March 24, 2020. together with the police in taking "Jokowi Gives More Authority action against citizens who violate to Governors throughout Indonesia social distancing.
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