Botanica Pacifica. A journal of science and conservation. 2017. 6(2): 69–75 DOI: 10.17581/bp.2017.06209 Further chromosome studies on the flora of and the Kurils, with additions from adjacent regions of the Nina S. Probatova1*, Denis A. Krivenko2.3 & Vyacheslav Yu. Barkalov 1

Nina S. Probatova 1 * ABSTRACT e-mail: [email protected] The chromosome numbers (2n) for 38 and one hybrid (35 genera) from Denis A. Krivenko2,3 Sakhalin, the Kurils, Khabarovskii Krai, Primorskii Krai and Kamchatskii Krai e-mail: [email protected] are presented. For the first time they are revealed in two endemic species – Vyacheslav Yu. Barkalov 1 Ligularia sachalinensis Nakai and Pentactina schlothauerae (Ignatov et Worosch.) V. e-mail: [email protected] Yakubov. New cytotype is found in Viola sacchalinensis H. Boissieu. A group of alien species, anthropophytes, were studied from Sakhalin and some other re- 1 Federal Scientific Center for the East gions of the Russian Far East (RFE). For 6 alien taxa: Chenopodium strictum Roth, Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS, Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib., Lupinus nootkatensis Donn ex Sims, Medicago × varia Vladivostok, Martyn, Vicia sepium L., V. tenuifolia Roth, as well as for the indigenous Epilo­ 2 Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology & bium fauriei H. Lév. the chromosome numbers are revealed for the first time in Biochemistry SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia the RFE. From Sakhalin the following species were first studied karyologically: 3 Epilobium hornemannii Rchb., Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam., Trifolium pratense L., Ve­ Irkutsk Scientific Center SB RAS, Irkutsk, ronica schmidtiana Regel, from Moneron Isl. – Sagina crassicaulis S. Watson, from the Russia Kurils – Aquilegia flabellata Siebold et Zucc., Epilobium amurense Hausskn., pal­lescens Sw., Trifolium pratense, from Khabarovskii Krai – udensis Trautv. et C.A. Mey., and from Kamchatskii Krai – Vicia cracca L., Elymus sibiricus L., Alo­ * corresponding author pecurus arundinaceus Poir., Berteroa incana (L.) DC. The chromosome number data are accompanied with the information on ecology and phytogeography of the species studied. Keywords: chromosome numbers, vascular , flora, Sakhalin, the Kurils, Manuscript received: 09.11.2017 Khabarovskii Krai, Primorskii Krai, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Far East Review completed: 18.11.2017 Accepted for publication: 21.11.2017 РЕЗЮМЕ Published online: 28.11.2017 Пробатова Н.С., Кривенко Д.А., Баркалов В.Ю. Дальнейшее из- учение чисел хромосом флоры Сахалина и Курильских островов, с дополнениями из других районов Дальнего Востока России. Приво- дятся числа хромосом (2n) для 38 видов и 1 гибрида (35 родов) с Сахали- на, Курильских­ островов, из Хабаровского, Приморского и Камчатского краев. Впервые в науке исследованы эндемичные виды Ligularia sa­cha­linensis Nakai и Pentactina schlothauerae (Ignatov et Worosch.) V. Yakubov. Новое (неиз- вестное ранее) число хромосом установлено у Viola sacchalinensis H. Boissieu. Исследована группа антропофильных видов, занесенных на Сахалин или в другие районы Российского Дальнего Востока (РДВ) в последнее время. Для 6 адвентивных таксонов: Chenopodium strictum Roth, Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib., Lu­pinus nootkatensis Donn ex Sims, Medicago × varia Martyn, Vicia sepium L., V. te­nui­folia Roth, а из индигенных – у Epilobium fauriei H. Lév. числа хромосом на РДВ определены впервые. На материале с Сахалина впервые исследова- ны числа хромосом у Epilobium hornemannii Rchb., Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam., Trifolium pratense L., Veronica schmidtiana Regel, а с Монерона – у Sagina crassicaulis S. Watson; впервые для Курил – у Aquilegia flabellata Siebold et Zucc., Epilobium amu­rense, Luzula pal­lescens Sw., Trifolium pratense; впервые для Хабаровского края – у Clintonia udensis Trautv. et C.A. Mey., а для Камчатки – у Vicia cracca L., Elymus sibiricus L., Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir., Berteroa incana (L.) DC. Данные по числам хромосом сопровождаются сведениями об экологии и ареалах исследованных растений. Ключевые слова: числа хромосом, сосудистые растения, флора, Сахалин, Курильские острова, Хабаровский край, Приморский край, полуостров Камчатка, российский Дальний Восток

Here we present further results on chromosome num- were collected in the field. Preparations were stained with ber (CN) study of the vascular flora of Sakhalin and the iron hematoxylin. Voucher specimens are preserved in the Kurils, with few additions from Khabarovskii Krai (the Herbarium VLA, Vladivostok (some – in IRK, Irkutsk; du- Amur River basin), Kamchatskii Krai and Primorskii Krai. plicates in LE, St. Petersburg; MHA, Moscow; MW, Mos- Chromosome countings in some species were made on cow; STU, Stuttgart; UUH, Ulan-Ude). First CN data are squashed preparations of root tips fixed with Carnoy’s so- indicated by asterisk (*).The adventive species indicated by lution. The root tips were taken from living plants or from plus sign (+). The number of the dot on the map follows seedlings obtained through herbarium specimens, which the number of voucher specimen. Brief information on the

©Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS. 2017 69 Probatova et al. affinity, ecology and distribution of the species studied are presented.

ASTERACEAE sachalinensis A. Gray, 2n = 30 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Dolinskii Raion, the spur of Yuzh­no-Kamyshovyi Range, san- dy-lime hill 700 m on the way from the route R 489, sandy-lime roadside, 22 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko 12944: 1 (IRK, VLA). Distribu­ tion: Sakhalin; . Meadows. Described from Sakhalin. Before its CN was studied­ in the RFE only once, from Korsakovskii Raion (South Sa­khalin): 2n = 30. Diploid (2x), x = 15. For another species of the RFE flora, the North Pacific A. unalaschcensis Less., there are several­ CN counts, from the Kurils – 2n = 38 (x = 19). The genus Arnica is polybasic.

*Ligularia sachalinensis Nakai (L. fischeri Figure 1 Study area. Dots with numbers from 1 to 30 are the sampling plot loca­ auct., quoad pl. sachal.), 2n = 60 tions (according to numbering in the text) Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Makarovskii Rai­ on, in vicinity of the railway station Pugachevo, on the way to Maguntan mud vol­cano, swampy forest, 15 settlement, on the rubbly embankment, 23 Sep 2015, coll. Sep 1982, coll. N.S. Probatova, V.P. Se­ledets, E.G. Rudyka D.A. Krivenko 12939: 5 (IRK, VLA). Distribution: Europe, 6329: 2 (VLA). At first this specimen was referred to L. fi­ . Alien in the RFE and elsewhere. Weedy plant. scheri­ (Ledeb.) Turcz. (Probatova et al. 2007), to which L. sa­ There are two cytotypes within L. ruderale – 2x and 4x: be- chalinensis re­mained incorporated for a long time among fore in Sakhalin it was studied once – 2n = 32 (4x), but in other syno­nyms, but in 2010 the plant was re­-identified by the Primorskii Krai only plants with 2n = 16 (2x) were re- Illario­no­va (2013) as L. sachalinensis. Described from Sakha- vealed. Now in Sakhalin the diploid cytotype is found, too. lin. L. sachali­ nensis­ differs from L. fischeri morpholo­gically and Variable ploidy. is geographically isolated. Distributed along the coast of the Sea of Japan, East macroslope of Sikhote-Alin’ Range, and CARYOPHYLLACEAE in Sakhalin. Probably, endemic. Among shrubs, coniferous Minuartia verna (L.) Hiern, 2n = 24 and deciduous forests, meadows. Hexaploid (6x), x = 10. Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Schmidt Peninsula, the Taliki River, on the rubbly-melkozem slope, at the rocks, 14 Aug +Pilosella aurantiaca (L.) F.W. Schultz et Sch. Bip., 2n = 36 2001, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11538: 6 (VLA). Holarctic. On Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Dolinskii Raion, Sokol settle- slide-rocks. This CN count is the third from Sakhalin and ment, scientific station “Sokol” of the Institute of Marine the second from Schmidt Peninsula, the CN was the same. Bio­logy FEB RAS, meadow, 20 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Kriven- However in the abundant literature 2n = 48 is also often ko 12943: 3 (IRK, LE, MHA, MW, STU, VLA, UUH). Dis- reported. Variable ploidy. tribution: European-Mediterranean.­ Adventive in the RFE, this agressive species widely spread in Sakhalin. This is the Oberna behen (L.) Ikonn., 2n = 24 third CN count from Sakhalin. Tetraploid (4x), x = 9. Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Dolinskii Raion, Sokol settle- ment, scientific station “Sokol” of the Institute of Marine BRASSICACEAE Biology FEB RAS, forb-grass meadow, 20 Sep 2015, coll. +Berteroa incana (L.) DC., 2n = 16 D.A. Krivenko 12940: 3 (IRK, LE, VLA). Eurasian (?), but Russia, Far East, Kamchatka Peninsula, Mil’­kovskii­ alien in many regions, including Sakhalin. Common species Raion, the basin of Kamchatka Ri­ver, Mil’kovo settle- in the RFE. Meadows, roadsides, sometimes as a weed. Sec- ment, waste place near the cafeteria­ “Taezhnoe”, 10 Sep ond CN count from Sakhalin. Diploid (2x), x = 12. 2016, coll. O.A. Cher­nyagina 13176: 4 (VLA). Distribution: Sagina crassicaulis S. Watson, ­Europe, Siberia. Alien in the RFE. Roadsides, waste places. 2n = 22 Its CN was studied in Sakhalin and Primorskii Krai (Proba- Russia, Far East, Sakhalinskaya Oblast’, Moneron Isl., tova, Barkalov et al. 2012, Probatova 2014). First CN count near the former settlement Staritskii, sandy-pebbly seacoast, from Kamchatka.­ Diploid (2x), x = 8. in vicinity of the waterfall, 23 Aug 2001, coll. V.Yu. Barka­ lov­ 11539: 7 (VLA). North Pacific. Seacoasts, on screes and in +Lepidium ruderale L., 2n = 16 supralittoral zone. The CN of the species was stu­died from Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Poronajskii Raion, the rail- three islands of the Kurils: 2n = 22 (Probatova et al. 2006, way station Matrossovo, the route R 487, near Matrossovo Probatova, Barkalov et al. 2012), and this is the first CN

70 Botanica Pacifica. A journal of plant science and conservation. 2017. 6(2): 69–75 Chromosome studies on the flora of Sakhalin, the Kurils and surroundings count from Moneron Isl. Diploid (2x) in the RFE, x = 11. count from Khavbarovskii Krai. However from Sakhalin However in the North America 2n = 44, 46, 66 were regis- and from Japan the tetraploid CN 2n = 28 is known, and tered, thus the West Pacific part of the species area might be from both cytotypes were reported (Probatova et considered as more ancient (Probatova, Barkalov et al. 2012). al. 2007, Nishikawa 2008, Probatova, Kozhevnikova et al. 2009, Probatova 2014, Probatova et al. 2014). The existence +Stellaria media (L.) Vill., 2n = 22 of diploid cytotype in the continental part of the RFE man- Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Dolinskii Raion, Sokol settle- ifests the ancient part of the species area. ment, scientific station “Sokol” of the Institute of Marine Biology FEB RAS, near the habitation, 20 Sep 2015, coll. FABACEAE D.A. Krivenko 12937: 3 (IRK, LE, VLA). Europe. Alien in Astragalus schelichowii Turcz., 2n = 16 the RFE. Agressive weed. First CN count from Sakhalin. Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Smirnykhovskii Raion, Vos­ In the Kurils we found 2n = 42 in S. media (Probatova et al. tochno-Sakhalinskie­ Mts., the canyon Izvestkovyi, near the 2007), it might be most likely 2n = 44, as this was counted lime-pit at the confluent of the Smuglianka River, stony in Irkutskaya Oblast’, the Baikal Siberia (Probatova, Kaza- mossy slope, 21 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko 13134: 12 novsky et al. 2012). The diploid cytotype (2n = 22 ) is rare; (IRK, MHA, VLA). Fig. 2a. Distribution: East Siberia to we revealed it in Krasnodarskii Krai (Probatova, Seledets et North America. On riverbanks. Common species in the al. 2012). Perhaps the species penetrates into Sakhalin and RFE. This is the second CN count from Sakhalin. Diploid the Kurils by different cytotypes and different ways. Vari- (2x), x = 8. able ploidy. Stellaria is a polybasic genus. Lathyrus japonicus Willd., 2n = 14 CHENOPODIACEAE Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Poronajskii Raion, the Sea Atriplex subcordata Kitag., 2n = 36 of Okhotsk, Terpenya Bay, sandy seashore, 22 Sep 2015, Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinskii coll. D.A. Krivenko 13135 (45470): 13 (IRK). Fig. 2b. North Raion, near Due settlement, sandy bank of the rivulet on Pacific coastal (supralittoral) species. This is the third CN sea ­ coast, 7 Sep 2009, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11493: 8 (VLA). count from Sakhalin. Diploid (2x), x =7. West Pacific coastal (supralittoral) species. Second CN count +Lupinus nootkatensis Donn ex Sims, 2n = 48 from Sakhalin. Tetraploid (4x), x = 9. Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Makarovskii Raion, the +Chenopodium strictum Roth, 2n = 36 Sea of Okhotsk, Terpenya Bay, N of Makarov town by Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Poronajskii Raion, Zapadno- the highway, on the slope of the road, 22 Sep 2015, coll. Sakhalinskie Mts., Kamyshovyi Range, Poronajskaya chain D.A. Kri­venko­ 13136 (45474): 14 (IRK). Distribution: of mountains, the route R 487; 2 km SW of Matrossovo set- North America. This cultivated plant escaped from the cul- tlement, the right riverside of the Matrossovka River, san- ture in South Sakhalin and in South Kurils. This is the first dy-pebbly bank, 21 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko 12935: 5 CN count from RFE. Hexaploid (6x), x = 8. (IRK, VLA). Distribution: South-East Europe, South-West +Medicago × varia Martyn (M. falcata L. × M. sativa L.), and Central Asia, naturalized elsewhere, including South Si- 2n = 32 beria, North-East China, , Japan and North America. Russia, Far East, Khabarovskii Krai, Komsomol’sk-na- The species was collected for the first time in Sakhalin. First Amure City, near the railway station, ruderal plant commu- CN count in the RFE. Tetraploid (4x), x = 9. nity, 16 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko 13143 (45600): 15 CONVALLARIACEAE (IRK). Fig. 2c. The hybrid is widely cultivated in European Russia; it was reported from East Europe and Kazakhstan, Clintonia udensis Trautv. et C.A. Mey., 2n = 14 and in the last years it became rather common also in South Russia, Far East, Khabarovskii Krai, the national park Siberia. Before this hybrid under its name was not reported “Anjuyskii”, middle course of the Anjuy River, right river- for the RFE. Tetraploid (4x), x = 8. side, S spurs of Kedrovaya Mt., opposite the mouth of Mani River, broadleaved forest with Pinus koraiensis, 3 Aug 2014, +Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam., 2n = 16 coll. M.V. Krjukova 12678: 9 (VLA); Russia, Far East, Pri- Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Smirnykhovskii Raion, Vos­ morskii Krai, Dal’negorskii Raion, 2 km W of Dal’negorsk tochno-Sakhalinskie­ Mts., near the canyon Izvestkovyi, ex­ town, locality Svetlyi Kljuch, on stony ground, 22 Sep 2014, haus­ted lime-pit in the confluent of the Smuglianka River, coll. V.T. Lapenko 12693: 10 (VLA); Russia, Far East, Pri- on the place of the open-cast mine rock, 21 Sep 2015, coll. morskii Krai, Lazovskii Raion, South Sikhote-Alin’ Range, D.A. Kri­venko 13137 (45469): 12 (IRK). Fig. 2d. Distribu- the pass at Lazovskkaya Mt., NNW macroslope of Lazovs- tion: Europe to Central Asia, adventive in many countries kaya Mt. above the pass, 1248 m, Picea forest with Abies and and regions including the RFE, where it is rare. This is the green mosses, 1 Oct 2017, coll. O.A. Chernyagina 13167: 11 first CN count for this genus from Sakhalin. Diploid (2x), (VLA). Distribution: Okhotia – Amur River basin – Sakha- x = 8. lin – Japan. Forest species. In continental part of the RFE this species proved to be diploid: 2x (x = 7), as it was re- Thermopsis lupinoides Link, 2n = 18 vealed several times on the material from Primorskii Krai Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Poronajskii Raion, Zapadno- and once – from Amurskaya Oblast’. Here is the first CN Sa­kha­linskie Mts., Kamyshovyi Range, Poronajskaya chain

Botanica Pacifica. A journal of plant science and conservation. 2017. 6(2): 69–75 71 Probatova et al.

Figure 2 Mitotic metaphases: a – Astragalus schelichowii, 2n = 16; b – Lathyrus japonicus, 2n = 14; c – Medicago × varia, 2n = 32; d – Melilotus officinalis 2n = 16; e – Thermopsis lupinoides, 2n = 18; f – Trifolium pratense, 2n = 14; g – Vicia sepium, 2n = 14; h – Vicia tenuifolia, 2n = 12, M (marked by arrow) – metacentric chromosomes, SAT (marked by arrow) – SAT-chromosomes. Scale bar – 10 μm

of mountains, the route R 487, near Matrossovo settlement, +Vicia sepium L., 2n = 14 the railway station Matrossovo, on the broken stones of the Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Poronajskii Raion, the Sea of railroad embankment, 23 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko Okhotsk, Terpenya Bay, sandy seashore, 22 Sep 2015, coll. 13138 (45463): 5 (IRK, MHA, VLA). Fig. 2e. West Pacific D.A. Krivenko 13140 (45473): 13 (IRK). Fig. 2g. Distribu- coastal (meadow) species. This is the second CN count for tion: Europe to South Asia, alien elsewhere, including the the species from Sakhalin. Diploid (2x), x = 9. RFE. Rare species in Sakhalin. First CN count from Sakha- lin. Diploid (2x), x = 7. +Trifolium pratense L., 2n = 14 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Dolinskii Raion, Sokol settle- +Vicia tenuifolia Roth, 2n = 12 ment, scientific station “Sokol” of the Institute of Marine Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Poronajskii Raion, the Sea Bio­logy FEB RAS, forb meadow (Ranunculus, Trifolium, Ru­ of Okhotsk, Terpenya Bay, sandy seashore, 22 Sep 2015, mex), 20 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko 13139 (45475): 3 coll. D.A. Krivenko 13141 (45468): 13 (IRK). Fig. 2h. Dist­ (IRK, MHA, VLA). Fig. 2f. Distribution: Europe – Cau- ri­bution: Europe, Caucasus, Central and South-East Asia; casus – Central Asia, indroduced and escaped from the South Siberia (alien). Also alien in the RFE. First report culture in many countries and regions, including the RFE, of the species from the RFE. This species has some re­ where it is very common, often naturalized. However its semblance­ with V. cracca, moreover, their areas of distribu- CN was not counted from Sakhalin and the Kurils before. tion partly overlap. Nevertheless they are not closely related Diploid (2x), x = 7. species. The effective feature for delimitation of these spe- cies is the structure of beans: in V. tenuifolia the beans are Vicia cracca L., 2n = 14 thick-walled, spongy inside; in V. cracca the beans are thin- Russia, Far East, Kamchatka Peninsula, Yelizovskii skinned, without sponginess. Also they differ by basic CNs: Raion, suburbs of Yelizovo town, airport, on the fence, 24 x = 6 in V. tenuifolia, and x = 7 in V. cracca. Both species are Sep 2017, coll. O.A. Chernyagina 13175: 16 (VLA). Holarc­ represented by two cytotypes: diploid and tetraploid ones: tic. Forest edges, meadows. In geographical area of this V. cracca – 2n = 14, 28; V. tenuifolia – 2n = 12, 24 (Niki­ spe­cies the diploids (2n = 14) prevail. The tetraploid cyto- fo­ro­va 1988, Stankevich & Repjev 1999). Additionally, the type occurs in Europe and Caucasus (Stankevich & Repjev karyotype morphology might be useful for delimitation: 1999), but not in the RFE. The CN of the species was in V. tenuifolia the large metacentric chromosomes (M) are counted in RFE (2n = 14) mostly in Primorskii Krai (see present, while in V. cracca all chromosomes are subacrocent­ Pro­batova 2014), and by ones from the Lower Amur River ric (Sa). The satellite in SAT-chromosome of V. tenuifolia and Sakhalin (Probatova et al. 2007). From Kamchatka the is equal to the short shoulder of its chromosome, while in species was studied for the first time. Diploid (in the RFE) V. cracca the satellite is 3 times larger than the short shoul- (2x), x = 7; on the whole – variable ploidy. der of its chromosome (Stankevich & Repjev 1999). As we consider, all the reports of 2n = 12 and 2n = 24 for

72 Botanica Pacifica. A journal of plant science and conservation. 2017. 6(2): 69–75 Chromosome studies on the flora of Sakhalin, the Kurils and surroundings

“Vicia cracca” must be referred to Vicia tenuifolia, including gi­na 13169: 22 (VLA). Distribution: Euro-Mediterranean – that from Zabaikal’skii Krai, near Chita city (Krivenko et al. Central Asian species, adventive or introduced in RFE and 2013). Before V. tenuifolia has been missing in the floras of in other temperate regions and countries. First CN count Sakhalin and the Kurils, though it was reported from these from Kamchatka. Tetraploid (4x), x = 7. islands by Hara (1952 – cit. by Stankevich & Repjev 1999). First CN count in the RFE. Diploid (in the RFE?): 2x (x = Deschampsia paramushirensis Honda, 2n = 26 6), on the whole – variable ploidy. Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Schmidt Peninsula, the Taliki Ri­ver, freshwater lake, on the lakeside, 14 Aug 2001, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 8590: 6 (VLA); Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Luzula pallescens Sw., 2n = 12 Schmidt Peninsula, the Bol’shaya Longri River, riverside, Russia, Far East, the Kuril Islands, Shikotan Isl., Bezy­ sandy-uliginous bank, 16 Aug 2001, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov mjan­naya Bay, near Nepokornyi Cape, the sedge-forb little 8595: 23 (VLA); Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Ekhabi Bay, SE bog on the stream valley, 24 Jul 2010, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov of Vostochnyi settlement, the lakeside of the brackish lake, 11778: 17 (VLA). Distribution: . Meadows, clearings, 3 Aug 2001, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 8603, 8604: 24 (VLA); san­dy riverbanks, roadsides. Its CN was not studied before Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Pil’tun Bay, between Lebjazhje from Sakhalin and the Kurils. First CN count from Sakha- and Gniloe lakes, the lakeside of the nameless lake on the lin. The same CN 2n = 12 we revealed from Khabarovskii seacoast, 4 Aug 2001, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 8598: 25 (VLA); Krai (Lower Amur River basin). Diploid (2x), x = 6. Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Pil’tun Bay, S extremity of the bay, waterlogged seacoast, 18 Aug 2001, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov LAMIACEAE 8594: 26 (VLA). West Pacific coastal (sandbank-swampy) +Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib., 2n = 18 species, common in the North Sakhalin. Several CN counts from RFE (Probatova, Seledets et al. 2014, 2015). Diploid Russia, Far East, Primorskii Krai, Nadezhdinskii Raion, (2x), x = 13. in vicinity of the railway station Nadezhdinskaya, the val- ley of Sсhmidtovka River, in the valley forest (Alnus, Salix, Elymus sibiricus L., 2n = 28 Padus), 9 Sep 2017, coll. V.A. Nechaev 13148: 18 (VLA). Russia, Far East, Kamchatka Peninsula, Bystrinskii Distribution:­ Europe, Caucasus, South Siberia. Alien in the Raion, Esso settlement, at the roadside, 25 Aug 2017, coll. RFE, but rare (in the south of Primorskii Krai). First CN O.A. Chernyagina 13192: 22 (VLA); Russia, Far East, Sa­ count from the RFE. Diploid (2x), x = 9. kha­lin, Smirnykhovskii Raion, Vostochno-Sakhalinskie ONAGRACEAE Mts., near the canyon Izvestkovyi, the former lime-pit at Epilobium amurense Hausskn., 2n = 36 the confluent of the Smuglianka River, on the place of the open-cast mine, 21 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko 12992: 12 Russia, Far East, the Kuril Islands, Shikotan Isl., near (IRK, VLA). East European – West American slide-rocks Ma­lokuril’skoe settlement, Trezubets Cape, in the canyon, species. Two CN counts from Sakhalin, as many from the on the moist melkozem screes at the bottom of the rocks, 5 Kurils. First CN count from Kamchatka. Tetraploid (4x), Aug 2010, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11749: 19 (VLA). Distribu­ x = 7. ted in Sakhalin, in the Kurils and in Japan. Mainly West Pa- cific. Riverbanks. Its CN was studied before from Moneron Festuca ovina L., 2n = 14 Isl. (Probatova et al. 2007). Tetraploid (4x), x = 9. Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Korsakovskii Raion, Tonino- Epilobium fauriei H. Lév., 2n = 36 Anivskii Peninsula, W coast, on the seacoast and along the rivulet, often, 15 Aug 2015, coll. V.V. Yakubov 12828: 27 Russia, Far East, the Kuril Islands, Shikotan Isl., the up- (VLA); Russia, Far East, Kuril Islands, Shikotan Isl., near per course of Gorobets River, on the clay slope of the old Malokuril’skoe settlement, Trezubets Cape, stony slope, road, 30 Jul 2010, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11779: 20 (VLA). in the canyon, 5 Aug 2010, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11709: 19 Distribution: East Kamchatka (?), South Kurils, Japan. (VLA). Holarctic. Dry meadows, forest edges, light pine Moist ground, pebbles and rocks. First CN count from the forests, sands and pebbles. Two CN counts from Sakhalin RFE. Tetraploid (4x), x = 9. and three from South Kurils. Multiple CN counts in the Epilobium hornemannii Rchb., 2n = 36 Russian Far East and elsewhere. Diploid (2x), x = 7. Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Schmidt Peninsula, the Nala Poa radula Franch. et Sav., 2n = 42 River SW of Elizavety Cape, among tall herbs, 8 Aug 2001, Russia, Far East, the Kuril Islands, Shikotan Isl., Bezy­ coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11541: 21 (VLA). Distribution: West mjan­naya Bay, near Nepokornyi Cape, among tall herbs Pacific. Swampy-sandbank species. First CN count from Sa­ on the moist stony slope, at the rocks, 24 Jul 2010, coll. kha­lin. Tetraploid (4x), x = 9. V.Yu. Barkalov 11705: 17 (VLA). West Pacific (Kamchatka, POACEAE Sakhalin, the Kurils, Japan) species. Forest edges and mea­ +Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir., 2n = 28 dows (tall herbs). There were four CN counts from Sakha- lin, and three – from the Kurils. The CN is constant, as it Russia, Far East, Kamchatka Peninsula, Bystrinskii is characteristic for the species of section Homalopoa. Hexa- Raion, Esso settlement, moist meadow at the road, near the ploid (6x), x = 7. pond with thermal water, 22 Aug 2017, coll. O.A. Chernya­

Botanica Pacifica. A journal of plant science and conservation. 2017. 6(2): 69–75 73 Probatova et al.

Puccinellia kurilensis (Takeda) Honda, 2n = 42 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Vostochno-Sakhalinskie Mts., Russia, Far East, the Kuril Islands, Shikotan Isl., Bezy­ Nabil’skii Range, Chamginskii Pass, on pebbles at the stream, mjannaya­ Bay, at Nepokornyi Cape, on coastal rocks, in over- 11 Sep 2009, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11498: 30 (VLA). Dist­ wash zone, 25 Jul 2010, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11706: 17 (VLA). ribution: Sakhalin, South Kurils, Japan. Rocks and screes. North Pacific coastal (sandbank-swampy) species. Two CN Described from Sakhalin. First CN count from Sa­khalin.­ Its counts from Sakhalin and three – from the Kurils were made CN was revealed earlier from Moneron Isl. (the same 2n = before. The CN is constant. Hexaploid (6x), x = 7. 34). Diploid (2x), x = 17. The genus Veronica is polybasic.

POLYGONACEAE VIOLACEAE +Rumex obtusifolius L., 2n = 40 Viola sacchalinensis H. Boissieu, *2n = 40 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Dolinskii Raion, Sokol set­tle­ Russia, Far East, the Kuril Islands, Shikotan Isl., near ment, scientific station “Sokol” of the Institute of Marine Ma­lo­kuril’skoe settlement, Trezubets Cape, in the canyon, Biology FEB RAS, meadow (Ranunculus, Trifolium, Rumex), on dry rubbly-melkozem scree at the rocks, 5 Aug 2010, 20 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko 12942: 3 (IRK, VLA). Eu- coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11759: 19 (VLA). Distribution: Siberia, ro-Mediterranean species, adventive in the RFE as well as in Far East. Forest species. Described from Sakhalin. The spe- many regions of the globe. Its CN was studied once from cies was studied before two times from Sakhalin and two Sakhalin and once – from the Kurils. Tetraploid (4x), x = 10. times from the Kurils. We revealed the new, tetraploid cyto- type for the species. The diploid cytotype (2n = 20) is more PRIMULACEAE common in the RFE (and in the islands). Variable ploidy. Primula fauriei Franch., 2n = 18 CONCLUSION Russia, Far East, the Kuril Islands, Shikotan Isl., the Two species (of 38) were studied caryologically for slope of Shikotan Mt., short herbs meadow, often, 20 Jul the first time and one showed the new cytotype. New CN 2010, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11760: 28 (VLA). Distribution: is re­vealed in the small (with 2 species) genus , South Kurils, Japan. Rocky and meadow species. Three CN Pentactina relative to . The basic CNs of the species studied are counts were made before from the Kurils and one from Spiraea numerous: x = 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17. The group Moneron Isl. (near the southern extremity of Sakhalin). of alien species – anthropophytes from Sakhalin and some Diploid (2x), x = 9. other regions of the RFE consists of 13 species and it is RANUNCULACEAE represented mainly by diploids and tetraploids (2x, 4x), in equal parts. and demonstrated Aquilegia flabellata Siebold et Zucc., 2n = 14 Lepidium ruderale Stellaria media variable ploidy (2 x, 4x) in Sakhalin and the Kurils. Russia, Far East, the Kuril Islands, Shikotan Isl., near Ma­lo­kuril’skoe­ settlement, Trezubets Cape, stony slope, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS in the canyon, 5 Aug 2010, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11712: The authors are grateful to E.G. Rudyka for participa- 19 (VLA). Distribution: Sakhalin – South Kurils – Japan. tion in some CN determinations and to plant collectors: Rocky places. The species was studied once from Sakhalin O.A. Cher­nyagina, M.V. Krjukova, V.T. Lapenko, V.A. Ne­ as well as from Moneron Isl. This is the first CN count cha­ev – for providing important plant material for our from the Kurils. Diploid (2x), x = 7. study. The study was partially supported by Russian Foun- ROSACEAE dation for Basic Research (RFBR): grants 16-04-00052, 17- 44-388084, to D.A. Krivenko. *Pentactina schlothauerae (Ignatov et Worosch.) V. Yakubov, 2n = 36 Russia, Far East, Khabarovskii Krai, Verkhnebureinskii LITERATURE CITED Raion, Badzhal’skii Range, the mouth of Bugar River – Bolkhovskikh, Z.V., V.G. Grif, O.I. Zakharyeva & T.S. Mat­ right affluent of the Yarap River in its middle course, ri­ver­ veeva­ 1969. Chromosome numbers of flowering plants (A.A. Fe­ do­rov, ed.), 926 pp. Nauka, Leningrad (in Russian). side rocks, 14 Aug 2016, V.Yu. Barkalov 13124: 29 (VLA). [Болховских З.В., Гриф В.Г., Захарьева О.И., Матвеева Distribution:­ the upper course of the Amgun’ River basin, Т.С. 1969. Хромосомные числа цветковых расте­ ний­ / en­demic of Badzhal’skii and Kur-Urmiyskii ranges. In dark под ред. А.А. Федорова. Л.: Наука, 926 с.]. co­niferous forest canopy, on the big stone slide-rocks and Illarionova, I.D. 2013. The genus Ligularia (, Se- screes, in the Pinus pumila communities, up to 1500 m alt. necioneae) in the flora of the Far East.Botanicheskii Zhur­ (Yaku­bov 2014). Described from the Badzhal Range. For nal 98(9):1147–1165 (in Russian). [Илларионова И.Д. Род Ligularia (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) во флоре Даль­ ano­ther species of the oligotypic East Asian genus Pentac­ него­ Востока // Ботанический журнал. Т. 98, № 9. С. tina Nakai – P. rupicola Nakai (North Korea) the diploid CN 1147–1165]. 2n = 18 was known (see in Bolkhovskikh et al. 1969, Lee Krivenko, D.A., V.V. Kotseruba, S.G. Kazanovsky, A.V. Ver­ & Hong 2011). First CN data for P. schlothauerae. Tetraploid kho­zina & O.D. Chernova 2013. IAPT/IOPB chromo­ (4x), x = 9. some data 16 (K. Marhold, ed.). Taxon 62 (6): 1356–1358, E4–E8. SCROPHULARIACEAE Lee, Ch. & S. Hong. 2011. Phylogenetic relationships of the Veronica schmidtiana Regel, 2n = 34 rare Korean monotypic endemic genus Pentactina Nakai in the tribe Spiraeeae (Rosaceae) based on molecular data.

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