한국환경생태학회지 29(2) : 133~145, 2015 pISSN 1229-3857 eISSN 2288-131X Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 29(2): 132-144, April 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2015.29.2.132

Floristic characteristics of vascular plants and first distributional report of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim in Yongneup wetland protected area1a

Young-Chul Kim2,6, Hyun-Hee Chae2, Sang-Heock Oh2, Seung-Ho Choi2, Moon-Pyo Hong3, Gi-Heum Nam4, Jae-Yoon Choi5, Hyun-Sook Choi5, Kyu-Song Lee2*

ABSTRACT

Yongneup wetland protected area, the only high moor in Korea, is a core area to conserve biodiversity. Even though the Yongneup wetland protected area is relatively small, various plant species are distributed in the Yongneup wetland protected area because it includes various habitats showing different environmental gradients. Vascular plants distributed in the Yongneup wetland protected area were identified as a total of 376 taxa that is composed of 73 families, 217 genera, 322 species, 3 subspecies, 44 varieties and 7 forms. For endangered plants designated by the Ministry of Environment, 5 species including Trientalis europaea var. arctica, Lilium dauricum, Halenia corniculata, Lychnis wilfordii and Menyanthes trifoliata were found and 34 taxa were confirmed to be distributed only in the mountainous wetland habitats. Regarding naturalized plants, a total of 11 taxa were distributed, but most of them were distributed in the areas where artificial interference has occurred. And in areas inside the wetlands that are relatively well preserved, 2 species of Bidens frondosa and Erigeron annuus were observed. In this study, the occurrence and distribution of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim, which was recently found in Mt. Baekdu and reported as a new species, were identified in the Yongneup wetland protected area. A wetland is a very vulnerable area to drastic environmental changes and damages to its ecosystem could cause the extinction of rare plant species which are distributed only in the wetlands. Therefore, it is mandatory that current status of the Yongneup wetland protected area is evaluated and actions to prevent rapid environmental changes are taken. Fourteen separate investigations were conducted in 2013 and another four in 2014, to evaluate current status of the Yongneup wetland protected area. These investigations have provided us the basic information for future actions of conservation and restoration.

KEY WORDS: FLORA, ENDANGERED PLANTS, HIGH MOOR, BIODIVERSITY

INTRODUCTION heterogeneity among them. In particular, if the area includes various habitats, plant diversity is relatively high Plant diversity in protected areas is due to spatial (Whittaker, 1972; Pickett and Thompson, 1978). Ecological

1 Received 27 January 2015; Revised (1st: 08 April 2015); Accepted 10 April 2015 2 Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung(220-711), Korea 3 Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung(220-711) 4 Biological and Genetic Resources Utilization Division, National Institute of Biological Resource, Incheon(404-708), Korea 5 Wonju Regional Environmental Administration, Wonju(220-170), Korea 6 Korea Botanic Garden, Pyeongchang(232-941), Korea a This study was conducted by the project of basic research for the conservation of Yongneup wetland protected area, supported from Wonju Regional Environmental Administration, Ministry of Environment * Corresponding author: Tel: +82-33-640-2311, Fax: +82-33-640-2867, E-mail: [email protected] Floristic characteristics of vascular plants and first distributional report of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim in Yongneup wetland protected area 133

niche differentiation is one of the key principle for the taxa in 2007 and 2012 respectively, according to an plant diversity (Hutchinson, 1957; Chesson, 2000; Holt, 2009; "intensive survey on the wetland protected areas" it carries Pearman et al., 2008). However, because plants continuously out every five years. In 2009, the Wonju Regional compete with each other for limited resources such as Environmental Office of the Ministry of Environment light, nutriment, water and space, plant diversity in a region reported on 341 taxa after conducting a survey. The cannot be explained with only ecological niche differentiation. difference in the survey results could be due to the In adition to ecological niche differentiation, habitats different survey periods, time spent on survey, researchers diversity is a highly important concept in explaining and the area of study site. In particular, there is a big regional plant diversity (Whittaker, 1972). difference among the research papers on the number of A wetland is a special ecosystem different from other taxa in Yongneup. To overcome this problem and provide habitats and it provides different ecological niche and accurate information on the flora, the most important space. Furthermore, it supports various plant species by information of an ecosystem, Choung et al. (2009) compared providing different environmental gradients within its and discussed 18 controversial taxa. However, some taxa environment. Due to such characteristics, wetlands are still remain controversial. highly important at the regional and national levels for Because the ecological niche breadth of plants that the maintenance and preservation of various plant species inhabit wetlands is relatively very narrow, they are relatively (Whittaker, 1972; Ministry of Environment, 2012a). Most easily influenced by the external environment (Choung et of peatlands in the world are distributed in high-latitude al., 2009). In particular, peatlands like Yongneup can be regions: Russia, Northern Europe, North America, etc. easily affected by changes in the environment due to (Lappalainen, 1996; Montanarella et al., 2006). However, they eutrophication and inflow of soil, and artificial disturbance are very rare in Korea due to its cool temperate climate was observed in some areas in the past. However, at and geological factors. In case of peatlands in Korea, there present Yongneup is relatively well preserved owing to are Yongneup of Mt. Daeam, Mujechineup, Hwaeomneup, the control of access to the area by a military base and Mt. Sinbul Wetland, Sajapyeong Alpine Wetland and the management agency Wonju Regional Environmental 1,100 Altitude Wetland, but Yongneup of Mt. Daeam is Administration of the Ministry of Environment, and the only high moor among them (Ministry of Environment, vegetation restoration for the prevention of soil inflow. 2012a). Yongneup of Mt. Daeam was designated as a natural A considerable time has passed since the flora of reserve in July 1973 owing to its rarity and unique plant Yongneup was first reported by Lee (1969), and there is species, and in March 1998, it was registered on the a possibility of a change in the flora due to environmental Ramsar wetland list as the first Korean wetland (Ministry changes (Choung et al., 2009). However, it is difficult to of Environment, 2007). In August 1999, Yongneup was simply compare the lists in the papers that have reported designated as a wetland conservation area in accordance with on the flora. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to the Wetlands Conservation Act. It was also designated as secure basic data on vascular plants that inhabit the Korean Natural Monument No. 246 by the Cultural Yongneup wetland protected area. Also, this study aims Heritage Administration, and as a protected area for forest to provide data for the preservation and management of genetic resources managed by the Korea Forest Service Yongneup by surveying the current distribution status of (Ministry of Environment, 2012a). Various studies were endangered wild plants, specific plants and naturalized conducted on Yongneup due to its importance. Among plants, as well as the basis for a soundness assessment, them, Lee (1988) studied plants distributed in Yongneup and an introduction to the information on the habitat of and reported on 200 taxa; Lee et al. (2003) reported on 218 Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim for the first time. taxa in Keun-Yongneup and 139 taxa in Jageun-Yongneup based on a "research on the flora in the natural reserves MATERIALS AND METHODS of Mt. Daeam and Mt. Daewoo"; Kim et al. (2005) reported 63 taxa. The National Institute of Environmental Research 1. Survey Site Information of the Ministry of Environment, reported on 251 and 233 134 Young-Chul Kim, Hyun-Hee Chae, Sang-Heock Oh, Seung-Ho Choi, Moon-Pyo Hong, Gi-Heum Nam, Jae-Yoon Choi, Hyun-Sook Choi, Kyu-Song Lee, Kil-Dong KimKorean J. Environ. Ecol. 29(2) 2015

The Yongneup wetland protected area in Mt. Daeam is peatlands in Keun-Yongneup (30,820 ㎡), Jaegeun-Yongneup located in Seoheung-ri, Seohwa-myeon, Inje-gun, Gangwon-do (11,500 ㎡) and Aegi-Yongneup (12,000 ㎡) and the (Figure 1). Its total area is 1.36 ㎢ after a new wetland, which surrounding mountainous areas (Ministry of Environment, was found on the north side of the existing wetland protected 2012a). It was reported that Yongneup of Mt. Daeam was first area, was annexed to it and designated as a wetland protected created about 4,000 years ago (Kang, 1976), and according area in 2010 (Ministry of Environment, 2012a). It is 1,050 to a recent study result, it is estimated to have first been m∼1,280 m above sea level, and is composed of the created about 5,900 years ago (Kang et al., 2010).

Figure 1. The locality of investigation area and subdivided with 5 zones. A: Keun-Yongneup, B: Surrounding Keun-Yongneup, C: Jageun-Yongneup and surrounding Jageun-Yongneup, D: Aegi-Yongneup, E: Surrounding Aegi-Yongneup

Table 1. The climatical condition of near investigated area, Inje meteorological station

Elements Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ann. Av. 30's -5.2 -2.2 3.5 10.6 15.7 20.0 23.1 23.3 18.1 11.6 4.5 -2.0 10.1 Mean Temp.(℃) 2013 -6.4 -2.4 4.6 8.3 17.0 22.0 24.8 25.6 19.0 12.7 5.2 Av. 30's 1.0 4.2 10.0 18.0 22.9 26.6 28.1 28.7 24.5 18.9 10.7 3.7 16.5 Max. Temp.(℃) 2013 0.2 3.4 11.2 14.7 23.8 28.8 28.6 30.8 24.7 20.3 10.7 Av. 30's -11.0 -8.1 -2.3 3.5 9.2 14.6 19.3 19.4 13.5 6.0 -0.9 -7.2 4.7 Min. Temp.(℃) 2013 -12.0 -8.0 -1.9 2.6 11.0 16.9 22.1 21.9 15.2 7.7 0.3 Av. 30's 17.5 20.7 38.0 61.1 97.7 118.2 307.2 294.0 156.4 40.7 39.5 19.7 1,210.5 Precip.(mm) 2013 13.9 40.2 43.2 57.8 74.0 96.7 633.8 141.9 139.5 22.0 49.4 Floristic characteristics of vascular plants and first distributional report of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim in Yongneup wetland protected area 135

The annual average temperature of Inje-gun, where the researchers regarding the Korean endemic species (Park Yongneup wetland protected area is located, is 10.1 ℃ and et al,. 2013), this study referred to data from the Ministry its annual precipitation is 1,210.5 ㎜ (Inje meteorological of Environment (2005). This study referred to Park (1995; station, 2013; Table 1). The annual average temperature 2001; 2009) and Alien Plants in Korea (http://ecosystem. of Yongneup is 3.3 ℃, its annual precipitation is 1,251 ier.o.kr/alienspecies/) of the National Institute of ㎜ and the amount of snowfall reaches 3.7 m (Kang and Environmental Research (2013) for the identification of Takahito, 2005). In case of the geological features of naturalized plants, and as for the identification of floristic Yongneup wetland protected area in Mt. Daeam, it special plants, it referred to the 4th National Natural contains granitic gneiss, and these rocks are coarse grained Environment Research Guidelines (flora) established by and composed of quartz, microcline, perthite, biotite and the Ministry of Environment (2012b), and the Ministry of garnet (Ministry of Environment, 2007; Zhu, 2011). Such Environment (2012c) for endangered wild plants. As for rocks easily break into granules due to weathering (Zhu, the plants list, this study referred to the data in Lee 2011). (1996b)'s paper, which complemented the Eagler classification (Melchior, 1964), and the Flora of Korea 2. Study Methods Editorial Committee (2007) for botanical names, and put them in alphabetical order. Vascular plants distributed in the Yongneup wetland protected area in Mt. Daeam were surveyed after RESULTS AND DISCUSSION subdividing the area into five large zones (Figure 1). The five zones are Keun-Yongneup (A), the mountainous areas 1. Vascular Plants that surround Keun-Yongneup (B), Jageun-Yongneup and the mountainous areas that surround Jageun-Yongneup A total of 376 taxa, which are composed of 73 families, (C), Aegi-Yongneup (D, designated as a wetland in 2010) 217 genera, 322 species, 3 subspecies, 44 varieties and and the mountainous areas that surround Aegi-Yongneup 7 forms, were observed in the Yongneup wetland protected (E, included in 2010). The setting of survey scope and area (Table 2). Through this survey, a total of 298 taxa the divide of mountainous areas were based on the were collected as the voucher specimens (Appendix 1). boundary of the edges of the open areas and forest Through this study, 58 taxa, which were not recorded vegetation in the wetlands. It was identified that Jageun- in the previous papers, were additionally surveyed. There Yongneup lost most of its original form due to is a significant difference between the results of this study disturbances, and the wetland area and the forest area were and that of the intensive survey on the wetland protected not divided owing to the unclear boundaries. areas (2007: 251 taxa, composed of 65 families, 171 genera, A total of 15 surveys on the Yongneup wetland 207 species, 1 subspecies, 36 varieties and 7 forms; 2011: protected area were conducted from April 23 to November 233 taxa, composed of 67 families, 163 genera, 211 11 in 2013. Plants that were observed in each zone were species, 4 subspecies, 24 varieties and 2 forms) which was recorded and taken pictures of at the site, and collected carried out by the National Institute of Environmental as samples. Also, additional surveys were conducted four Research of the Ministry of Environment. Such difference times from May to October in 2014. This study referred is due to the difference in the survey course and survey to the papers of Lee (1999; 2003), Lee (2006) and Lee period, and the difference in the taxonomical opinions of (1996a; 1996b) for the identification of vascular plants, observed species. As a result, along with Eriophorum and the Korean Fern Society (2005) and the Korea gracile, which are very limitedly distributed, Carex National Arboretum (2008) for pteridophyte. Also, this erythrobasis, Carex drymophila, Carex heterolepis, Carex study referred to Oh (2006), Yim (2000) and Hoshino and laevissima, Carex lasiocarpa var. occultans, Carex Masaki (2011) for the identification of Cyperaceae plants, meyeriana, Carex planiculmis, Carex rostrata var. borealis, and Korea National Arboretum (2004) for gramineous Carex sabynensis, Carex sabynensis var. rostrata, Carex plants. Because there was a big difference among the xiphium, Eleocharis congesta, Eleocharis congesta var. 136 Young-Chul Kim, Hyun-Hee Chae, Sang-Heock Oh, Seung-Ho Choi, Moon-Pyo Hong, Gi-Heum Nam, Jae-Yoon Choi, Hyun-Sook Choi, Kyu-Song Lee, Kil-Dong KimKorean J. Environ. Ecol. 29(2) 2015

Table 2. The number of vascular plants distributed with 5 subdivided zones in Yongneup wetland protected area

5 subdivided zones fam. gen. sp. subsp. var. for. total Keun-Yongneup(A) 48 105 119 - 24 1 144 Surrounding Keun-Yongneup(B) 59 169 223 2 31 4 260 Jageun-Yongneup(C) 54 168 227 3 30 5 265 Aegi-Yongneup(D) 33 58 55 1 11 - 67 Surrounding Aegi-Yongneup(E) 53 137 151 2 21 3 177 Total 73 217 322 3 44 7 376 thermalis and Rhynchospora fujiiana were newly observed. species, 24 varieties and 1 form, were surveyed (Table Among the plants that were observed in the five zones, 2). This result is similar to that of Choung et al. (2009), in the wetland area of Keun-Yongneup, a total of 144 taxa, which reported a total of 130 taxa, composed of 46 which are composed of 48 families, 105 genera, 119 families, 93 genera, 107 species, 1 subspecies, 19 varieties

Table 3. The list of vascular plants distributed only in the wetland area

Family name Scientific name · Korean name Observed habitats Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris palustris (Salisb.) Schott · 처녀고사리 Peatland margin Caryophyllaceae Lychnis wilfordii (Regel) Maxim. · 제비동자꽃 Low moor Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim · 애기개별꽃 Peatland margin Droseraceae Drosera rotundifolia L. · 끈끈이주걱 High moor Saxifragaceae Parnassia palustris L. · 물매화 High moor Hypericaceae Hypericum laxum (Blume) Koidz. · 좀고추나물 Tussock & low moor Onagraceae Epilobium palustre L. · 버들바늘꽃 Low moor Umbelliferae Ostericum maximowiczii (F. Schmidt) Kitag. · 가는바디 Peatland Sium ninsi L. · 감자개발나물 High moor & Tussock Primulaceae Trientalis europaea var. arctica (Fisch.) Ledeb. · 기생꽃 High moor & Tussock Gentianaceae Gentiana jamesii Hemsl. · 비로용담 High moor Menyanthaceae Menyanthes trifoliata L. · 조름나물 Shallow ponds Lentibulariaceae Utricularia intermedia Hayne · 개통발 Shallow ponds & slow-running streams Campanulaceae Lobelia sessilifolia Lamb. · 숫잔대 Tussock & low moor Sparganiaceae Sparganium hyperboreum Lastadius ex Beurl. · 좁은잎흑삼릉 Small pond Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton pusillus L. · 실말 Small pond Cyperaceae Carex chordorrhiza Ehrh. · 대암사초 Shallow ponds Carex curta Gooden. · 산사초 Slow-running streams margin Carex lasiocarpa var. occultans Kuk. · 벌사초 Tussock & low moor Carex limosa L. · 대택사초 Shallow ponds Carex rhynchophysa C.A.Mey. · 왕삿갓사초 Low moor Carex rostrata var. borealis Kuk. · 물삿갓사초 Shallow ponds Carex sabynensis var. rostrata (Maxim.) Ohwi · 부리실청사초 Peatland margin Carex xiphium Meinsh. · 넓은잎피사초 Peatland margin Eleocharis congesta D.Don · 바늘골 Tussock & low moor Eleocharis congesta var. thermalis (Hulten) T.Koyama · 원산바늘골 Shallow ponds Eriophorum gracile Koch · 작은황새풀 Shallow ponds Rhynchospora fujiiana Makino · 좀고양이수염 Shallow ponds Eriocaulaceae Eriocaulon atrum Nakai · 검은곡정초 Shallow ponds Juncaceae Juncus wallichianus Laharpe · 눈비녀골풀 Shallow ponds Iridaceae Iris ensata var. spontanea (Makino) Nakai · 꽃창포 Tussock & low moor Orchidaceae Orchis cyclochila (Franch. & Sav.) Maxim. · 나도제비란 Peatland margin Platanthera hologlottis Maxim. · 흰제비란 High moor Pogonia japonica Rchb. f. · 큰방울새란 High moor Floristic characteristics of vascular plants and first distributional report of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim in Yongneup wetland protected area 137

and 3 forms. Especially, we identified the distribution of site of this study is the highly isolated area. Pickett and 34 taxa which are distributed only in the wetland area Thompson (1978) argued that appropriate size, level and (Table 3). cycle of internal dynamics are necessary for the Although the Yongneup wetland protected area is maintenance of biodiversity (Pickett, 1980; Lerouxa et al., relatively small, it was evaluated be rich in biodiversity. 2007; Grubb, 1977). It is judged that the current rare plants This means that there are various habitats in the Yongneup population such as Gentiana jamesii, Utricularia intermedia, wetland protected area (Whittaker, 1972; Pausas and Austin, Menyanthes trifoliata, Trientalis europaea var. arctica, 2001). Diverse habitats support various plant species, and Carex chordorrhiza and Lychnis wilfordii. which only changes in their physical and biological environments are inhabit the peatlands in Yongneup, are the result of going slower than that of vegetation areas, thus preventing plants through a small-scale extinction and recolonization process species from extinction (Connell and Slatyer, 1977). Due due to the integration of the internal dynamics of the to such characteristics, species that inhabit wetlands are wetland and the ecological niche (Dupré and Ehrlén, 2002; very vulnerable to changes in the environment (Choung, Wilkinson, 1999). Therefore, in order to maintain and 2009; Kim, 2004). Some places in the Yongneup wetland sustain plant diversity in the Yongneup wetland protected protected area also experienced sudden changes in the past, area, it is necessary to, first assess the ecological processes but places that did not experience any changes are well and factors that are associated with the sustainability of preserved, and it is judged that various plants are distributed population; second, understand the ecological niche and owing to the efforts to prevent rapid environmental changes life history of species that need to be preserved; and third, (Choung et al., 2009). establish and promote an appropriate management plan so The protected areas including the Yongneup wetland that the ecological processes associated with the sustainability protected area are isolated like islands (MacArthur and of the target species can be maintained. In this sense, this Wilson, 1963). In particular, for mountainous wetland study is meaningful as it provides the basic data necessary protected areas located at high altitudes like the survey for the preservation activity.

Figure 2. Unique vascular plants distributed only in the wetland area(A: Utricularia intermedia, B: Carex chordorrhiza, C: Carex limosa, D: Gentiana jamesii, E: Eriophorum gracile, F: Drosera rotundifolia) 138 Young-Chul Kim, Hyun-Hee Chae, Sang-Heock Oh, Seung-Ho Choi, Moon-Pyo Hong, Gi-Heum Nam, Jae-Yoon Choi, Hyun-Sook Choi, Kyu-Song Lee, Kil-Dong KimKorean J. Environ. Ecol. 29(2) 2015

Table 4. The list of endangered plants designated by Ministry of Environment distributed in 5 subdivided zones (A: Keun-Yongneup, B: Surrounding Keun-Yongneup, C: Jageun-Yongneup and surrounding Jageun-Yongneup, D: Aegi-Yongneup, E: Surrounding Aegi-Yongneup)

Grade Scientific name · Korean name A B C D E Ⅱ Trientalis europaea var. arctica (Fisch.) Ledeb. · 기생꽃 ○ ○ Ⅱ Lilium dauricum Ker Gawl. · 날개하늘나리 ○ Ⅱ Halenia corniculata (L.) Cornaz · 닻꽃 ○ ○ ○ Ⅱ Lychnis wilfordii (Regel) Maxim. · 제비동자꽃 ○ ○ ○ Ⅱ Menyanthes trifoliata L. · 조름나물 ○ ○ Total observed species 3 1 3 3 1

2. Endangered Wild Plants Lilium dauricum and Halenia corniculata were found in the open areas adjacent to the woodlands (Table 4). In The endangered wild plants that are distributed in the particular, all three endangered wild plants that were Yongneup wetland area (Ministry of Environment, 2012b) distributed in the wetlands were observed in Keun- can be classified into five taxa: Trientalis europaea var. Yongneup, which is relatively well preserved, and Aegi- arctica, Lilium dauricum, Halenia corniculata, Lychnis Yongneup, which was newly discovered and included as wilfordii and Menyanthes trifoliata (Figure 3). Among a wetland protected area. Meanwhile, only Lychnis them, Trientalis europaea var. arctica, Lychnis wilfordii wilfordii was distributed in Jageun-Yongneup, which was and Menyanthes trifoliata were distributed in Keun- stressed by artificial disturbance. Yongneup, Jageun-Yongneup and Aegi-Yongneup, and Over 10,000 individuals of Trientalis europaea var.

Figure 3. 5 endangered plants designated by Ministry of Environment distributed in Yongneup wetland protected area (A: Trientalis europaea var. arctica, B: Lilium dauricum, C: Menyanthes trifoliata, D: Lychnis wilfordii, E: Halenia corniculata) Floristic characteristics of vascular plants and first distributional report of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim in Yongneup wetland protected area 139

arctica were broadly distributed in Keup-Yongneup and and the Korea Forest Service reported 527 and 360 taxa Aegi-Yongneup, maintaining a stable population. At least respectively (Park et al., 2013). Therefore, depending on 2,000 individuals of Lychnis wilfordii (Regel) Maxim. which data is used, there may be a great difference in the were broadly distributed in Keup-Yongneup, Jageun- reported genus of Korean endemic plants that appear in Yongneup and Aegi-Yongneup, maintaining a stable a survey site. Due to such problems, Park et al. (2013) population. Although Menyanthes trifoliata L. was narrowly reported in their review on the Korean endemic plant list distributed in Keup-Yongneup, Jageun-Yongneup and that there are only 59 Korean endemic species after Aegi-Yongneup, at least 1,000 individuals were observed. excluding simple errors, taxa that need taxonomical review However, continuous observation is required because only and taxa distributed in the neighboring countries. If we two individuals flowered. Halenia corniculata is a typical reexamine the Korean endemic species distributed in the biennial plant, and changes in its population need to be Yongneup wetland protected area based on Park et al. continuously observed. In case of Lilium dauricum, 10 (2013)'s paper, only eight species are valid: Cirsium individuals were distributed near the military training setidens, Hanabusaya asiatica, Carex erythrobasis, ground. Vaccinium hirtum var. koreanum, Anemone koraiensis, Clematis fusca var. coreana, Megaleranthis saniculifolia, 3. Korean Endemic Plants and Naturalized Plants and Salix koriyanagi. It was surveyed that there were 5 families, 10 genera A total of 24 taxa, which are composed of 16 families, and 11 species of naturalized plants distributed in the 23 genera, 19 species, 3 varieties and 2 forms, of Korean Yongneup wetland protected area (Table 5). Among them, endemic were observed in the Yongneup wetland Rumex acetosella and Bidens frondosa were designated as protected area (Appendix 1). This corresponds to 6.4% of invasive alien plants by the Ministry of Environment. the plants that were observed through this study. There Naturalized species were mainly observed in the whole is a significant difference in the number of observed area of Jageun-Yongneup which was relatively more Korean endemic plants in the results reported by affected by artificial disturbances, and the mountainous researchers and institutions: the Ministry of Environment areas surrounding Keun-Yongneup, where the vegetation

Table 5. The list of a naturalized plant distributed in Yongneup wetland protected area (A: Keun-Yongneup, B: Surrounding Keun-Yongneup, C: Jageun-Yongneup and surrounding Jageun-Yongneup, D: Aegi-Yongneup, E: Surrounding Aegi-Yongneup)

Scientific name · Korean name A B C D E Polygonaceae · 마디풀과 Rumex acetosella L. · 애기수영 ○ Leguminosae · 콩과 Trifolium repens L. · 토끼풀 ○ ○ Onagraceae · 바늘꽃과 Oenothera biennis L. · 달맞이꽃 ○ ○ Compositae · 국화과 Aster pilosus Willd. · 미국쑥부쟁이 ○ ○ Bidens frondosa L. · 미국가막사리 ○ ○ ○ ○ Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. · 개망초 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Erigeron strigosus Muhl. · 주걱개망초 ○ ○ Taraxacu,m officinale Weber · 서양민들레 ○ ○ Gramineae · 벼과 Agropyron repens (L.) P.Beauv. · 구주개밀 ○ ○ Dactylis glomerata L. · 오리새 ○ ○ Phleum pratense L. · 큰조아재비 ○ ○ Total observed species 2 8 11 1 4 140 Young-Chul Kim, Hyun-Hee Chae, Sang-Heock Oh, Seung-Ho Choi, Moon-Pyo Hong, Gi-Heum Nam, Jae-Yoon Choi, Hyun-Sook Choi, Kyu-Song Lee, Kil-Dong KimKorean J. Environ. Ecol. 29(2) 2015

Table 6. The list of floristic special plants defined as category Ⅴ, Ⅳ and Ⅲ distributed in Yongneup wetland protected area (A: Keun-Yongneup, B: Surrounding Keun-Yongneup, C: Jageun-Yongneup and surrounding Jageun-Yongneup, D: Aegi-Yongneup, E: Surrounding Aegi-Yongneup)

Grade Scientific name · Korean name A B C D E Lychnis wilfordii (Regel) Maxim. · 제비동자꽃 ○ ○ ○ Megaleranthis saniculifolia Ohwi · 모데미풀 ○ Trientalis europaea var. arctica (Fisch.) Ledeb. · 기생꽃 ○ ○ Gentiana jamesii Hemsl. · 비로용담 ○ ○ Ⅴ Halenia corniculata (L.) Cornaz · 닻꽃 ○ ○ ○ (9) Menyanthes trifoliata L. · 조름나물 ○ ○ Utricularia intermedia Hayne · 개통발 ○ Eriophorum gracile Koch · 작은황새풀 ○ ○ Lilium dauricum Ker Gawl. · 날개하늘나리 ○ Dryopteris laeta (Kom.) C. Chr. · 바위틈고사리 ○ Anemone amurensis (Korsh.) Kom. · 들바람꽃 ○ ○ ○ Anemone koraiensis Nakai · 홀아비바람꽃 ○ ○ ○ Anemone reflexa Steph. & Willd. · 회리바람꽃 ○ ○ Drosera rotundifolia L. · 끈끈이주걱 ○ ○ Spiraea miyabei Koidz. · 덤불조팝나무 ○ Waldsteinia ternata (Stephan) Fritsch · 나도양지꽃 ○ ○ ○ Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb. · 왜방풍 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅳ Ostericum maximowiczii (F. Schmidt) Kitag. · 가는바디 ○ ○ ○ (17) Lysimachia coreana Nakai · 참좁쌀풀 ○ ○ ○ Syringa wolfii C.K. Schneid.. · 꽃개회나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ Lonicera caerulea var. edulis Turcz. ex Herder · 댕댕이나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. · 만삼 ○ ○ Hanabusaya asiatica (Nakai) Nakai · 금강초롱꽃 ○ ○ ○ Festuca rubra L. · 왕김의털 ○ ○ Poa viridula Palib. · 청포아풀 ○ Hemerocallis middendorffii Trautv. & C.A.Mey. · 큰원추리 ○ ○ Abies nephrolepis (Trautv.) Maxim. · 분비나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ Taxus cuspidata Siebold & Zucc. · 주목 ○ ○ Salix siuzevii Seem. · 참오글잎버들 ○ Clematis koreana Kom. · 세잎종덩굴 ○ ○ ○ Eranthis stelllata Maxim. · 너도바람꽃 ○ ○ Corydalis grandicalyx B.U.Oh & Y.S.Kim · 갈퀴현호색 ○ ○ Arabis columnalis Nakai · 참장대나물 ○ Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila Maxim. · 쉬땅나무 ○ ○ ○ Spiraea chamaedryfolia L. · 인가목조팝나무 ○ Spiraea fritschiana Schneid · 참조팝나무 ○ ○ ○ Spiraea salicifolia L. · 꼬리조팝나무 ○ ○ Acer barbinerve Maxim. · 청시닥나무 ○ Acer komarovii Pojark. · 시닥나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ Viola diamantiaca Nakai · 금강제비꽃 ○ Angelica gigas Nakai · 참당귀(당귀) ○ ○ ○ ○ Rhododendron brachycarpum D.Don ex G.Don · 만병초 ○ Ⅲ Syringa reticulata var. mandshurica (Maxim.) H.Hara · 개회나무 ○ ○ (33) Scrophularia koraiensis Nakai · 토현삼 ○ ○ ○ Lonicera vesicaria Kom. · 구슬댕댕이 ○ Scabiosa tschiliensis Grunning · 솔체꽃 ○ ○ Parasenecio adenostyloides (Franch. & Sav. ex Maxim.) H.Koyama · 게박쥐나물 ○ Diarrhena fauriei (Hack.) Ohwi · 광릉용수염 ○ ○ ○ Carex jaluensis Kom. · 참삿갓사초 ○ ○ Symplocarpus nipponicus Makino · 애기앉은부채 ○ ○ ○ Luzula plumosa E.Mey. · 별꿩의밥 ○ ○ ○ Clintonia udensis Trautv. & C.A.Mey. · 나도옥잠화 ○ ○ Hosta clausa Nakai · 주걱비비추 ○ Lloydia triflora (Ledeb.) Baker · 나도개감채 ○ ○ Maianthemum bifolium (L.) F.W.Schmidt · 두루미꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Smilacina bicolor Nakai · 자주솜대 ○ ○ Smilacina dahurica Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey. · 민솜대 ○ Trillium kamtschaticum Pall. ex Pursh · 연영초 ○ ○ ○ Veratrum maackii Regel · 긴잎여로 ○ ○ ○ ○ Floristic characteristics of vascular plants and first distributional report of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim in Yongneup wetland protected area 141

was disturbed and military roads constructed. On the other 9 taxa of V class, 17 taxa of IV class and 33 taxa of hand, two and one species were observed in relatively III class of floristic special plants were observed in the well-preserved Keun-Yongneup and Aegi-Yongneup Yongneup wetland protected area (Table 6). The Yongneup respectively. Based on such results, it is judged that the wetland protect area is a considerably important area from key inflow route of naturalized plants is the movement the floristic aspect, since there were 9 species of floristic of people and supplies through the military roads. Also, special plants which were narrowly distributed and have an increase in the appearance frequency and the genus of a small number of population, and another 17 species that naturalized plants is expected due to a rise in the number were distributed in one sub region. In particular, based of people who come for ecological visits. on the result that 33 species that correspond to II class, the taxa that are distributed at more than 1,000m above 4. Floristic Special Plants sea level, were extended over two sub regions, this study

Figure 4. Photographs of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim distributed Yongneup wetland protected area(A: Specimen(NIBRVP0000497578), B: Habitat, C: Flower, D: Side view of flower) 142 Young-Chul Kim, Hyun-Hee Chae, Sang-Heock Oh, Seung-Ho Choi, Moon-Pyo Hong, Gi-Heum Nam, Jae-Yoon Choi, Hyun-Sook Choi, Kyu-Song Lee, Kil-Dong KimKorean J. Environ. Ecol. 29(2) 2015

could establish that the survey site was located at 1,000 observed at the lower part of stems towards the end of m above sea level. flowering season. Therefore, reexamination is required on the differentiation regarding the non-formation of cleistogamous 5. New distribution area of Pseudostellaria flowers. baekdusanensis M. Kim REFERENCES Jo et al. (2014) reported that they found a new species of Pseudostellaria in Mt. Baekdu. Pseudostellaria Chesson, P.(2000) Mechanisms of maintenance of species diversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 31: baekdusanensis M. Kim is similar to the taxon of P. 343-346. japonica (Korshinsky) Pax, which is relatively common Choung, Y.S., W.T. Lee, K.Y. Joo, J.S. Lee, H.S. Seo, K.E. Lee and in forests near the valleys located in the central and the A. Seo(2009) Review on he herbaceous flora of Keunyongneup northern parts of Korea. The body of Pseudostellaria in Mt. Daeam, Korea. Kangwon national university Basic baekdusanensis M. Kim is small, 9 ~ 13 ㎝, and cleistogamous Science Research 20: 205-227.(in Korean with English ab- flowers are not developed at its body. On the other hand, stract) the body of P. japonica (Korshinsky) Pax is 25 ~ 35 ㎝, Connell, J.H, and R.O. Slatyer(1977) Mechanisms of succession in and there are 1 ~ 2 hairs on its stems. Also, not only long natural communities and their role in community stability and are hairs concentrated on leaf blade margins and midveins organization. The American Naturalist 111:1119-1144. on the backside, but its flowers are cuspidate and Dupré, C. and J. Ehrlén(2002) Habitat configuration, species traits and plant distributions. Journal of Ecology 90: 796-805. cleistogamous flowers are formed at the axil, thus displaying a clear difference with Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Grubb, P.J.(1977) The maintenance of species-richness in plant communities: the importance of the regeneration niche. Kim (Jo et al., 2014, NIBRVP0000497577). During the Biologcal Review 52: 107-145. survey on the Yongneup wetland protected area, this study Flora of Korea Editorial Committee(2007) The genera of Vascular could identify the same taxa reported by Jo et al. (2014), Plants of Korea, Academy Publishing Co. Seoul, 1,482pp. and compared the results with their morphological Holt, R.D.(2009) Bringing the Hutchinsonian niche into the 21st characteristics (Figure 4). century: Ecological and evolutionary perspectives. Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim was distributed Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106: in the Keun-Yongneup and Aegi-Yongneup in Yongneup 19659-19665. wetland protected areas. Its habitats were the forests Hoshino, T. and T. Masaki(2011) Illustrated sedges of japan. located at the edge of peat wetland and transition zones. Heibonsha. Tokyo. 778pp. In particular, in case of Keun-Yongneup, Pseudostellaria Hutchinson, G.E.(1957) Concluding remarks. Cold Spring Harb baekdusanensis M. Kim was broadly distributed in places Symposia on Quantitative Biology 22: 415-427. where most of the original form of peat wetlands was Jo, H., C.G. Shin and M.Y. Kim(2014) A new species of changed after soil erosion. Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis Paeudostellaria(Caryophyllaceae): P. baekdusanensis M. M. Kim in the Yongneup wetland protected area flowers Kim. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 44(3): 171-174. from the end of May to the beginning of June. In case Kang, S.J.(1976) Ecological studies of the raised Bog in Dae-Am of reproduction, both sexual reproduction and asexual mountain adjacent to DMZ in Korea. Journal of Research in Science Education 2: 81-104. reproduction were observed. Tuberous roots are formed along the stems that stretch to the sides under the surface Kang, S.J., K.S. Cho and G.R. Choi(2010) Museum of alive nature history Yongnup(High Moor)of Mt. Daeam san in Korea. of the soil, and each tuberous root is developed into an Ulsan University Press, Ulsan-si, 290pp.(in Korean) independent individual. Due to such characteristics, the Kang, S.J. and Y. Takahito(2005) Environmental change of High population of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim is moor in Mt. Dae-Am of Korean peninsula. Korea Jouranl of densely and narrowly distributed (30 ind./100 ㎠). Limnology 38(1): 45-53.(in Korean and English abstract) Jo et al. (2014) suggested that the major characteristic Kim, B.H., J.S. Lee and J.Y. Oh(2005) A study on the Flora in the of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim is the Mt. Daeam high moor. Bulletin of Sangjii University non-formation of cleistogamous flowers, but they were Environmental Science Research 11(1): 1-8.(in Korean and Floristic characteristics of vascular plants and first distributional report of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim in Yongneup wetland protected area 143

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Appendix 1. The list of vascular plants distributed in Yongneup wetland protected area

Citation Subdivided zones Scientific name · Korean name Voucher specimen Note ‘03 ‘07 ‘09 ‘12 A B C D E Lycopodiaceae 석송과 Lycopodium obscurum L. · 만년석송 ○ NIBRVP0000450657 Lycopodium serratum Thunb. · 뱀톱 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450694 Equisetaceae 속새과 Equisetum arvense L. · 쇠뜨기 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450713 Ophioglossaceae 고사리삼과 Sceptridium ternatum (Thunb.) Lyon · 고사리삼 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450780 Osmundaceae 고비과 NIBRVP0000450672 Osmunda cinnamomea var. fokiensis Copel. · 꿩고비 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450891 Osmunda japonica Thunb. · 고비 ○ Aspidiaceae 면마과 Arachniodes borealis Seriz. · 왁살고사리 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450726 Cornopteris crenulatoserrulata (Makino) Nakai · 응달고사리 ○ ○ Deparia coreana (H. Christ) M. Kato · 곱새고사리 ○ ○ Deparia pterorachis (H. Christ) M. Kato · 왕고사리 ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅱ Deparia pycnosora (H. Christ) M. Kato · 털고사리 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450546 Dryopteris chinensis (Baker) Koidz. · 가는잎족제비고사리 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450532 Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai · 관중 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450527 Ⅰ Dryopteris expansa (C. Presl) Fraser-Jenk. & Jermy ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450533 Ⅱ · 퍼진고사리 Dryopteris laeta (Kom.) C. Chr. · 바위틈고사리 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450529 Ⅳ Dryopteris monticola (Makino) C. Chr. · 왕지네고사리 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450530 Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod. · 청나래고사리 ○ Onoclea orientalis (Hook.) Hook. · 개면마 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450747 Onoclea sensibilis var. interrupta Maxim. · 야산고비 ○ Aspleniaceae 꼬리고사리과 Asplenium incisum Thunb. · 꼬리고사리 ○ ○ Athyrium brevifrons Kodama ex Nakai · 참새발고사리 ○ ○ ○ Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz · 산고사리 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450528 Athyrium iseanum Rosenst. · 가는잎개고사리 ○ NIBRVP0000450531 NIBRVP0000450537 Athyrium koryoense Tagawa · 그늘개고사리 ○ ○ Ⓔ NIBRVP0000450539 Athyrium niponicum (Mett.) Hance · 개고사리 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450540 NIBRVP0000450536 Athyrium vidalii (Franch. & Sav.) Nakai · 산개고사리 ○ NIBRVP0000450538 NIBRVP0000450535 Athyrium yokoscense (Franch. & Sav.) H. Christ · 뱀고사리 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450541 Davalliaceae 넉줄고사리과 NIBRVP0000450791 Thelypteris japonica (Baker) Ching · 지네고사리 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450792 Thelypteris palustris (Salisb.) Schott · 처녀고사리 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Thelypteris phegopteris (L.) Sloss. · 가래고사리 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450722 Polypodiaceae 고란초과 NIBRVP0000450542 Polystichum braunii (Spenn.) Fee · 좀나도히초미 ○ ○ ○ Ⅱ NIBRVP0000450820 Polystichum tripteron (Kunze) C. Presl · 십자고사리 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450691 Dennstaedtiaceae 잔고사리과 Lepisorus ussuriensis (Regel & Maack.) Ching · 산일엽초 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450689 Pinaceae 소나무과 Abies holophylla Maxim. · 전나무 ○ ○ Abies nephrolepis (Trautv.) Maxim. · 분비나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450621 Ⅲ Floristic characteristics of vascular plants and first distributional report of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim in Yongneup wetland protected area

Citation Subdivided zones Scientific name · Korean name Voucher specimen Note ‘03 ‘07 ‘09 ‘12 A B C D E Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carriére · 일본잎갈나무 ○ ○ Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. · 소나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450822 Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. · 잣나무 ○ ○ ○ Taxaceae 주목과 Taxus cuspidata Siebold & Zucc. · 주목 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450721 Ⅲ Juglandaceae 가래나무과 Juglans mandshurica Maxim. · 가래나무 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450828 Salicaceae 버드나무과 Populus davidiana Dode · 사시나무 ○ ○ Salix caprea L. · 호랑버들 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450845 Salix graciliglans Nakai · 눈갯버들 ○ NIBRVP0000450681 Salix gracilistyla Miq. · 갯버들 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450844 Salix koreensis Andersson · 버드나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Salix koriyanagi Kimura · 키버들 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450581 Ⓔ Salix siuzevii Seem. · 참오글잎버들 ○ NIBRVP0000450588 Ⅲ Salix xerophila Flod. · 여우버들 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450590 Ⅱ Betulaceae 자작나무과 Betula chinensis Maxim. · 개박달나무 ○ Betula ermani Cham. · 사스래나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450843 Carpinus cordata Bl. · 까치박달 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450832 Corylus sieboldiana Blume · 참개암나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Corylus sieboldiana var. mandshurica (Maxim. & Rupr.) ○ C.K.Schneid. · 물개암나무 Fagaceae 참나무과 Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. · 신갈나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450829 Moraceae 뽕나무과 Morus bombycis Koidz. · 산뽕나무 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450547 Urticaceae 쐐기풀과 Boehmeria tricuspis (Hance) Makino · 거북꼬리 ○ Pilea peploides (Gaudich.) Hook. & Arn. · 물통이 ○ Polygonaceae 마디풀과 NIBRVP0000450625 Bistorta manshuriensis (Petrov ex Kom.) Kom. · 범꼬리 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅰ NIBRVP0000450627 Bistorta pacifica (Petrov ex Kom.) Kom. · 참범꼬리 ○ ○ Fallopia ciliinervis (Nakai) Hammer · 나도하수오 ○ ○ ○ Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub · 닭의덩굴 ○ ○ Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn.) H.Gross · 산여뀌 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450582 Persicaria sagittata (L.) H.Gross ex Nakai · 미꾸리낚시 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450733 Persicaria thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) H.Gross ex Nakai NIBRVP0000450737 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ · 고마리 NIBRVP0000450787 Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Gray · 흰여뀌 ○ Rumex acetosella L. · 애기수영 ○ NIBRVP0000450709 Ⓐ Rumex crispus L. · 소리쟁이 ○ ○ ○ Caryophyllaceae 석죽과 Cerastium fischerianum Ser. · 큰점나도나물 ○ Cerastium holosteoides Fr. · 북점나도나물 ○ Cerastium holosteoides var. hallaisanense (Nakai) Mizush. ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ · 점나도나물 NIBRVP0000450601 Cerastium pauciflorum Stev. ex Ser. · 털점나도나물 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450602 Dianthus longicalyx Miq. · 술패랭이꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450753 Lychnis cognata Maxim. · 동자꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450743 Ⅰ Lychnis wilfordii (Regel) Maxim. · 제비동자꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅴ, Ⓝ Young-Chul Kim, Hyun-Hee Chae, Sang-Heock Oh, Seung-Ho Choi, Moon-Pyo Hong, Gi-Heum Nam, Jae-Yoon Choi, Hyun-Sook Choi, Kyu-Song Lee, Kil-Dong Kim Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 29(2) 2015

Citation Subdivided zones Scientific name · Korean name Voucher specimen Note ‘03 ‘07 ‘09 ‘12 A B C D E NIBRVP0000497578 Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim · 애기개별꽃 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000497579 Pseudostellaria davidii (Franch.) Pax ex Pax & Hoffm. ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450857 · 덩굴개별꽃 Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax ex Pax & Hoffm. ○ ○ · 개별꽃 Pseudostellaria palibiniana (Takeda) Ohwi · 큰개별꽃 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450599 Pseudostellaria setulosa Ohwi · 숲개별꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450667 Magnoliaceae 목련과 Magnolia sieboldii K.Koch · 함박꽃나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450645 Ranunculaceae 미나리아재비과 NIBRVP0000450578 Aconitum jaluense Kom. · 투구꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450579 NIBRVP0000450685 Aconitum pseudolaeve Nakai · 진범 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⓔ NIBRVP0000450687 Actaea asiatica H.Hara · 노루삼 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450651 Anemone amurensis (Korsh.) Kom. · 들바람꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅳ NIBRVP0000450655 NIBRVP0000450650 Anemone koraiensis Nakai · 홀아비바람꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅳ, Ⓔ NIBRVP0000450897 Anemone raddeana Regel · 꿩의바람꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450658 Ⅰ Anemone reflexa Steph. & Willd. · 회리바람꽃 ○ ○ Ⅳ Anemone umbrosa C.A.Mey. · 숲바람꽃 ○ Aquilegia buergeriana var. oxysepala (Trautv. & Meyer) ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450793 Ⅱ Kitam. · 매발톱 Caltha palustris L. · 동의나물 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450649 Ⅱ Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Maxim. ○ ○ ○ · 눈빛승마 Cimicifuga heracleifolia Kom. · 승마 ○ Cimicifuga simplex (DC.) Turcz. · 촛대승마 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450695 Ⅰ Clematis chiisanensis Nakai · 누른종덩굴 ○ ○ Clematis fusca Turcz. · 검은종덩굴 ○ Clematis fusca var. coreana (H.Lev. & Vaniot) Nakai NIBRVP0000450851 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⓔ · 요강나물 NIBRVP0000450884 Clematis koreana Kom. · 세잎종덩굴 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450638 Ⅲ NIBRVP0000450659 Eranthis stelllata Maxim. · 너도바람꽃 ○ ○ ○ Ⅲ NIBRVP0000450890 Hepatica asiatica Nakai · 노루귀 ○ ○ Megaleranthis saniculifolia Ohwi · 모데미풀 ○ ○ ○ Ⅴ, Ⓔ Pulsatilla koreana (Yabe ex Nakai) Nakai ex Mori · 할미꽃 ○ ○ Ranunculus cantoniensis DC. · 털개구리미나리 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450846 Ranunculus chinensis Bunge · 젓가락나물 ○ ○ Ranunculus japonicus Thunb. · 미나리아재비 ○ ○ ○ Ranunculus tachiroei Franch. & Sav. · 개구리미나리 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450818 Thalictrum aquilegifolium var. sibiricum Regel & Tiling ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450800 · 꿩의다리 Thalictrum filamentosum var. tenerum (Huth) Ohwi · 산꿩의다리 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450802 Berberidaceae 매자나무과 Berberis amurensis Rupr. · 매발톱나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450612 Ⅰ Caulophyllum robustum Maxim. · 꿩의다리아재비 ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅱ Chloranthaceae 홀아비꽃대과 Chloranthus japonicus Siebold · 홀아비꽃대 ○ NIBRVP0000450824 Ⅰ Aristolochiaceae 쥐방울덩굴과 NIBRVP0000450664 Asarum sieboldii Miq · 족도리풀 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450847 Floristic characteristics of vascular plants and first distributional report of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim in Yongneup wetland protected area

Citation Subdivided zones Scientific name · Korean name Voucher specimen Note ‘03 ‘07 ‘09 ‘12 A B C D E Paeoniaceae 작약과 Paeonia japonica (Makino) Miyabe & Takeda · 백작약 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450615 Ⅱ Paeonia japonica var. pillosa Nakai · 털백작약 ○ Actinidiaceae 다래나무과 Actinidia arguta (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. · 다래 ○ ○ ○ Actinidia kolomikta (Maxim. & Rupr.) Maxim. · 쥐다래 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450776 Actinidia polygama (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Maxim. · 개다래 ○ Hypericaceae 물레나물과 Hypericum ascyron L. · 물레나물 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450812 NIBRVP0000450587 Hypericum erectum Thunb. · 고추나물 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450778 Hypericum laxum (Blume) Koidz. · 좀고추나물 ○ ○ Droseraceae 끈끈이귀개과 Drosera rotundifolia L. · 끈끈이주걱 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450807 Ⅳ Papaveraceae 양귀비과 Hylomecon vernalis Maxim. · 피나물 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450896 Ⅰ Fumariaceae 현호색과 Corydalis ambigua Cham. & Schleht. · 왜현호색 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450886 Ⅰ Corydalis grandicalyx B.U.Oh & Y.S.Kim · 갈퀴현호색 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450653 Ⅲ, Ⓔ Corydalis ochotensis Turcz. · 눈괴불주머니 ○ ○ ○ ○

Corydalis remota Fisch. ex Maxim. · 현호색 ○ ○

Corydalis turtschaninovii var. linearis (Regel) Nakai ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450648 · 댓잎현호색 Corydalis turtschaninovii var. pectinata (Maxim.) Nakai ○ · 빗살현호색 Cruciferae 십자화과 Arabis columnalis Nakai · 참장대나물 ○ ○ Ⅲ, Ⓔ Arabis gemmifera (Matsum.) Makino · 산장대 ○ ○ Arabis lyrata L. · 묏장대 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450881 Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb. · 나도냉이 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450880 Cardamine flexuosa With. · 황새냉이 ○ Cardamine impatiens L. · 싸리냉이 ○ Cardamine komarovii for. macrophylla (T.H.Chung) W.T.Lee ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450600 Ⓔ · 큰는쟁이냉이 Cardamine komarovii Nakai · 는쟁이냉이 ○ ○ ○ Cardamine leucantha (Tausch) O.E.Schulz · 미나리냉이 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450849 Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern · 개갓냉이 ○ Rorippa palustris (Leyss.) Besser · 속속이풀 ○ ○ Crassulaceae 돌나물과 Sedum aizoon L. · 가는기린초 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450752 Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch. & Mey. · 기린초 ○ ○ Sedum latiovalifolium Y.N.Lee · 태백기린초 ○ Sedum polytrichoides Hemsl. · 바위채송화 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450773 Saxifragaceae 범의귀과 Astilbe rubra Hook.f. & Thomson. · 노루오줌 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Astilbe koreana (Kom.) Nakai · 숙은노루오줌 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450794 Chrysosplenium pilosum var. fulvum (N.Terracc.) H.Hara NIBRVP0000450665 ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⓔ · 흰괭이눈 NIBRVP0000450879 Chrysosplenium ramosum Maxim. · 가지괭이눈 ○ NIBRVP0000450666 Chrysosplenium flagelliferum F.Schmidt · 애기괭이눈 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450877 Chrysosplenium grayanum Maxim. · 괭이눈 ○ ○ Deutzia uniflora Shirai · 매화말발도리 ○ Deutzia glabrata Kom. · 물참대 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450868 Young-Chul Kim, Hyun-Hee Chae, Sang-Heock Oh, Seung-Ho Choi, Moon-Pyo Hong, Gi-Heum Nam, Jae-Yoon Choi, Hyun-Sook Choi, Kyu-Song Lee, Kil-Dong Kim Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 29(2) 2015

Citation Subdivided zones Scientific name · Korean name Voucher specimen Note ‘03 ‘07 ‘09 ‘12 A B C D E Parnassia palustris L. · 물매화 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450688 Philadelphus schrenckii Rupr. · 고광나무 ○ ○ ○ Philadelphus tenuifolius Rupr. & Maxim. · 얇은잎고광나무 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450632 Ribes mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kom. · 까치밥나무 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450865 Saxifraga fortunei var. incisolobata (Engl. & Irmsch.) Nakai ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450692 · 바위떡풀 Saxifraga octopetala Nakai · 구실바위취 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⓔ Saxifraga punctata L. · 톱바위취 ○ ○ Rosaceae 장미과 Agrimonia coreana Nakai · 산짚신나물 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450755 Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. · 짚신나물 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450749 Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus (Maxim.) H.Hara ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450854 Ⅱ · 눈개승마 Filipendula glaberrima (Nakai) Nakai · 터리풀 ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⓔ Filipendula palmata (Pall.) Maxim. · 단풍터리풀 ○ Filipendula palmata var. rufinervis (Nak.) T. Lee · 강계터리 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450796 풀 Geum aleppicum Jacq. · 큰뱀무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450804 Malus baccta Borkh. · 야광나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450864 Malus baccata var. mandshurica (Maxim.) C.K.Schneid. ○ · 털야광나무 Potentilla anemonefolia Lehm. · 가락지나물 ○ NIBRVP0000450624 Potentilla cryptotaeniae Maxim. · 물양지꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450817 Ⅰ NIBRVP0000450662 Potentilla fragarioides var. major Maxim. · 양지꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450663 Potentilla supina L. · 개소시랑개비 ○ Prunus maximowiczii Rupr. · 산개벚지나무 ○ NIBRVP0000450671 Prunus padus L. · 귀룽나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450833 Prunus padus for. glauca (Nakai) Kitag. · 흰귀룽나무 ○ ○ Prunus sargentii Rehder · 산벚나무 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450885 Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. · 산돌배 ○ ○ Rosa davurica Pall. · 생열귀나무 ○ ○ Rosa suavis Willd. · 인가목(민둥인가목) ○ Rubus crataegifolius Bunge · 산딸기 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Rubus oldhamii Miq. · 줄딸기 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450775 Sanguisorba tenuifolia Fisch. ex Link · 가는오이풀 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅰ NIBRVP0000450811 Sanguisorba tenuiflora var. purpurea Trautv. & Mey. ○ · 자주가는오이풀 NIBRVP0000450614 Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila Maxim. · 쉬땅나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅲ NIBRVP0000450765 Sorbus alnifolia (Siebold & Zucc.) K.Koch · 팥배나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Sorbus amurensis Koehne · 당마가목 ○ ○ Sorbus commixta Hedl. · 마가목 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Spiraea betulifolia Pall. · 둥근잎조팝나무 ○ NIBRVP0000450589 Ⓔ Spiraea blumei G.Don · 산조팝나무 ○ Spiraea chamaedryfolia L. · 인가목조팝나무 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450862 Ⅲ Spiraea fritschiana Schneid · 참조팝나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450674 Ⅲ Spiraea miyabei Koidz. · 덤불조팝나무 ○ NIBRVP0000450673 Ⅳ Spiraea salicifolia L. · 꼬리조팝나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅲ Stephanandra incisa (Thunb.) Zabel · 국수나무 ○ ○ ○ Waldsteinia ternata (Stephan) Fritsch · 나도양지꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450873 Ⅳ Leguminosae 콩과 Amphicarpaea bracteata subsp. edgeworthii (Benth.) H.Ohashi ○ ○ · 새콩 Floristic characteristics of vascular plants and first distributional report of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim in Yongneup wetland protected area

Citation Subdivided zones Scientific name · Korean name Voucher specimen Note ‘03 ‘07 ‘09 ‘12 A B C D E Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. · 싸리 ○ Trifolium repens L. · 토끼풀 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450678 Ⓐ Vicia amoena Fisch. ex DC. · 갈퀴나물 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450617 Vicia nipponica Matsum. · 네잎갈퀴나물 ○ ○ ○ Vicia unijuga A.Braun · 나비나물 ○

Vicia unijuga var. ouensanensis H.Lev. · 큰나비나물 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450750

NIBRVP0000450675 Vicia venosa var. albiflora (Turcz.) Maxim. · 큰네잎갈퀴 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450789 Oxalidaceae 괭이밥과 Oxalis acetosella L. · 애기괭이밥 ○ Geraniaceae 쥐손이풀과 Geranium eriostemon Fisher ex DC. · 꽃쥐손이 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450714 Geranium koreanum Kom. · 둥근이질풀 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450781 Simaroubaceae 소태나무과 Picrasma quassioides (D.Don) Benn. · 소태나무 ○ Anacardiaceae 옻나무과 Rhus trichocarpa Miq. · 개옻나무 ○ Aceraceae 단풍나무과 Acer barbinerve Maxim. · 청시닥나무 ○ Ⅲ Acer komarovii Pojark. · 시닥나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450831 Ⅲ Acer mandshuricum Maxim. · 복장나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅱ NIBRVP0000450585 Acer pictum subsp. mono (Maxim.) Ohashi · 고로쇠나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450830 Acer pictum var. truncatum (Bunge) C.S.Chang · 만주고로쇠 ○ NIBRVP0000450677 NIBRVP0000450669 Acer pseudosieboldianum (Pax) Kom. · 당단풍나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450838 Acer ukurunduense Trautv. & C.A.Mey. · 부게꽃나무 ○ ○ Balsaminaceae 봉선화과 Impatiens nolitangere L. · 노랑물봉선 ○ ○ ○ Impatiens textori var. koreana Nakai · 흰물봉선 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450718 Impatiens textori Miq. · 물봉선 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Celastraceae 노박덩굴과 Euonymus bungeanus Maxim. · 좀참빗살나무 ○ NIBRVP0000450797 Euonymus hamiltonianus Wall. · 참빗살나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450798 NIBRVP0000450717 Euonymus macropterus Rupr. · 나래회나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅰ NIBRVP0000450834 Euonymus oxyphyllus Miq. · 참회나무 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450635 Euonymus sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Maxim. · 회나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450760 Tripterygium regelii Sprague & Takeda · 미역줄나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450710 Rhamnaceae 갈매나무과 Rhamnus davurica Pall. · 갈매나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Vitaceae 포도과 Vitis amurensis Rupr. · 왕머루 ○ ○ Tiliaceae 피나무과 Tilla amurensis Rupr. · 피나무 ○ ○ ○ Violaceae 제비꽃과 NIBRVP0000450644 Viola acuminata Ledeb. · 졸방제비꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450853 Viola albida Palib. · 태백제비꽃 ○ Viola diamantiaca Nakai · 금강제비꽃 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450836 Ⅲ, Ⓔ Viola grypoceras A.Gray · 낚시제비꽃 ○ Young-Chul Kim, Hyun-Hee Chae, Sang-Heock Oh, Seung-Ho Choi, Moon-Pyo Hong, Gi-Heum Nam, Jae-Yoon Choi, Hyun-Sook Choi, Kyu-Song Lee, Kil-Dong Kim Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 29(2) 2015

Citation Subdivided zones Scientific name · Korean name Voucher specimen Note ‘03 ‘07 ‘09 ‘12 A B C D E Viola selkirkii Pursh ex (Goldie) · 뫼제비꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ Viola verecunda A. Gray · 콩제비꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450878 Viola orientalis (Maxim.) W.Becker · 노랑제비꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450654 Ⅱ Onagraceae 바늘꽃과 NIBRVP0000450586 Epilobium cephalostigma Hausskn. · 돌바늘꽃 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450819 Epilobium hirsutum L. · 큰바늘꽃 ○ Epilobium palustre L. · 버들바늘꽃 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450548 Epilobium pyrricholophum Franch. & Sav. · 바늘꽃 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450683 Oenothera biennis L. · 달맞이꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⓐ Alangiaceae 박쥐나무과 Alangium platanifolium var. trilobum (Miq.) Ohwi · 박쥐나무 ○ Cornaceae 층층나무과 Cornus controversa Hemsl. ex Prain · 층층나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Araliaceae 두릅나무과 Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. · 두릅나무 ○ ○ ○ Eleutherococcus divaricatus var. chiisanensis (Nakai) ○ ○ C.H.Kim & B.Y.Sun · 지리산오갈피 Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) S.Y.Hu ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅰ · 오갈피나무 Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb. ex Murray) Koidz. · 음나무 ○ Kalopanax septemlobus var. maximowiczi (VanHoutte) ○ Hand.-Mazz. · 가는잎음나무 Umbelliferae 산형과 Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb. · 왜방풍 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450631 Ⅳ Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex ○ ○ Franch. & Sav. · 구릿대 Angelica genuflexa Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray · 왜천궁 ○ NIBRVP0000450598 Angelica gigas Nakai · 참당귀(당귀) ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅲ NIBRVP0000450619 NIBRVP0000450620 Angelica polymorpha Maxim. · 궁궁이 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450774 Angelica purpuraefolia Chung · 지리강활 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450719 Ⓔ Angelica reflexa B.Y. Lee · 강활 (Lee et al. 2013) ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450741 Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. · 전호 ○ Bupleurum longeradiatum Turcz. · 개시호 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450762 Ⅰ Conioselinum kamtschaticum Rupr. · 산천궁 ○ Cymopterus melanotilingia (H.Boissieu) C.Y.Yoon · 큰참나물 ○ ○ Heracleum moellendorffii for. angustum (Kitag.) Kitag. · 좁은어수리 ○ Heracleum moellendorffii Hance · 어수리 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. · 미나리 ○ Ostericum maximowiczii (F. Schmidt) Kitag. ex Maxim. ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450699 Ⅳ · 가는바디 Ostericum sieboldii (Miq.) Nakai · 묏미나리 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450758 Pimpinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Nakai · 참나물 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450759 Pleurospermum camtschaticum Hoffm. · 왜우산풀 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450643 Sanicula chinensis Bunge · 참반디 ○ NIBRVP0000450637 Sanicula rubriflora F.Schmidt ex Maxim. · 붉은참반디 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅱ NIBRVP0000450895 Sium ninsi L. · 감자개발나물 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450735 Ericaceae 진달래과 Rhododendron brachycarpum D.Don ex G.Don · 만병초 ○ Ⅲ Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz. · 진달래 ○ ○ Floristic characteristics of vascular plants and first distributional report of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim in Yongneup wetland protected area

Citation Subdivided zones Scientific name · Korean name Voucher specimen Note ‘03 ‘07 ‘09 ‘12 A B C D E NIBRVP0000450803 Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum Nakai · 털진달래 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450887 Rhododendron schlippenbachii for. albiflorum Y.N.Lee · 흰철쭉 ○ ○ Ⓔ NIBRVP0000450634 Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim. · 철쭉 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450882 Vaccinium hirtum var. koreanum (Nakai) Kitam. · 산앵도나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450727 Ⅱ Primulaceae 앵초과 Lysimachia clethroides Duby · 큰까치수염 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450816 NIBRVP0000450707 Lysimachia coreana Nakai · 참좁쌀풀 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅳ, Ⓔ NIBRVP0000450757 NIBRVP0000450783 Lysimachia vulgaris var. davurica (Ledeb.) R.Kunth · 좁쌀풀 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450809 Primula jesoana Miq · 큰앵초 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450872 Ⅱ Trientalis europaea var. arctica (Fisch.) Ledeb. · 기생꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅴ, Ⓝ Symplocaceae 노린재나무과 Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa (Nakai) Ohwi · 노린재나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Oleaceae 물푸레나무과 Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. · 들메나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450837 Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance · 물푸레나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Syringa patula var. kamibayshii (Nakai) M.Y.Kim · 정향나무 ○ Syringa patula var. kamibayshii for. lactea (Nakai) K.Kim ○ ○ · 흰정향나무 Syringa reticulata var. mandshurica (Maxim.) H.Hara ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450795 Ⅲ · 개회나무 Syringa wolfii C.K.Schneid.. · 꽃개회나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450626 Ⅳ Gentianaceae 용담과 Gentiana axillariflora Leveille & Vaniot var. coreana (Nak.) ○ Kudo · 큰용담 Gentiana jamesii Hemsl. · 비로용담 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450636 Ⅴ Gentiana scabra Bunge · 용담 ○ NIBRVP0000450703 Gentiana triflora var. japonica (Kusn.) H.Hara · 과남풀 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450704 Gentiana uchiyamai Nakai · 칼잎용담 ○ NIBRVP0000450876 Gentiana wootchliana W.K.Paik · 고산구슬붕이 ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⓔ NIBRVP0000450889 Halenia corniculata (L.) Cornaz · 닻꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅴ, Ⓝ Menyanthaceae 조름나물과 Menyanthes trifoliata L. · 조름나물 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅴ, Ⓝ Rubiaceae 꼭두서니과 Asperula odorata L. · 선갈퀴 ○ Galium spurium var. echinospermon (Wallr.) Hayek · 갈퀴덩 ○ 굴 Galium trachyspermum A.Gray · 네잎갈퀴 ○ NIBRVP0000450591 Galium trifidum L. · 가는네잎갈퀴 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450592 Rubia akane Nakai · 꼭두서니 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450754 Rubia cordifolia var. pratensis Maxim. · 갈퀴꼭두서니 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450770 Borraginaceae 지치과 Trignotis nakaii Hara · 참꽃마리 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Labiatae 꿀풀과 Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & Mey.) Kuntze · 배초향 ○ ○ Clinopodium gracile var. multicaule (Maxim.) Ohwi · 탑꽃 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450593 Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl. · 향유 ○ Isodon excisus (Maxim.) Kudo · 오리방풀 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450766 Isodon inflexus (Thunb.) Kudo · 산박하 ○ ○ Young-Chul Kim, Hyun-Hee Chae, Sang-Heock Oh, Seung-Ho Choi, Moon-Pyo Hong, Gi-Heum Nam, Jae-Yoon Choi, Hyun-Sook Choi, Kyu-Song Lee, Kil-Dong Kim Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 29(2) 2015

Citation Subdivided zones Scientific name · Korean name Voucher specimen Note ‘03 ‘07 ‘09 ‘12 A B C D E Lamium album L. · 왜광대수염 ○ ○ Lamium album var. barbatum (Siebold & Zucc.) Franch. & ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450867 Sav. · 광대수염 NIBRVP0000450697 Lycopus lucidus Turcz. · 쉽싸리 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450715 NIBRVP0000450848 Meehania urticifolia (Miq.) Makino · 벌깨덩굴 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450874 NIBRVP0000450633 Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina Nakai · 꿀풀 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450711 Salvia chanryonica Nakai · 참배암차즈기 ○ Scrophulariaceae 현삼과 Pedicularis resupinata for. albiflora (Nakai) W.T.Lee · 흰송이풀 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450784 Pedicularis resupinata L. · 송이풀 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450813 Pedicularis resupinata var. umbrosa Kom. ex Nakai · 그늘송이풀 ○ Scrophularia kakudensis Franch. · 큰개현삼 ○ Scrophularia koraiensis Nakai · 토현삼 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450712 Ⅲ Veronica longifolia L. · 긴산꼬리풀 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450751 Veronica rotunda var. subintegra (Nakai) T.Yamaz. · 산꼬리풀 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450788 Lentibulariaceae 통발과 Utricularia intermedia Hayne · 개통발 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450641 Ⅴ Utricularia ochroleuca R.Hartm. · 북통발 ○ ○ Phrymaceae 파리풀과 Phryma leptostachya var. asiatica H.Hara · 파리풀 ○ Plantaginaceae 질경이과 Plantago asiatica L. · 질경이 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450769 Plantago depressa Willd. · 털질경이 ○ ○ Plantago major var. japonica (Franch. & Sav.) Miyabe ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450814 · 왕질경이 Caprifoliaceae 인동과 NIBRVP0000450840 Lonicera caerulea var. edulis Turcz. ex Herder · 댕댕이나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅳ NIBRVP0000450888 Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyx (Maxim.) Nakai ○ ○ · 개들쭉나무 Lonicera harai Makino · 길마가지나무 ○ Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim. · 괴불나무 ○ NIBRVP0000450690 Lonicera sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Nakai · 홍괴불나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅱ NIBRVP0000450723 Lonicera tatarinowii var. leptantha (Rehder) Nakai · 흰괴불나무 ○ Lonicera vesicaria Kom. · 구슬댕댕이 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450679 Ⅲ Sambucus williamsii var. coreana (Nakai) Nakai · 딱총나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450860 Viburnum opulus for. puberulum (Kom.) Sugim. · 털백당나무 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450646 Viburnum opulus var. calvescens (Rehder) Hara · 백당나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450604 Weigela florida (Bunge) A.DC. · 붉은병꽃나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450841 Weigela florida for. candida Rehder · 흰병꽃나무 ○ NIBRVP0000450842 Weigela praecox (Lemoine) L.H.Bailey · 소영도리나무 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450863 Weigela subsessilis L.H.Bailey · 병꽃나무 ○ ○ Valerianaceae 마타리과 Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch. ex Trevir. · 마타리 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss. · 뚝갈 ○ NIBRVP0000450628 Valeriana fauriei Briq. · 쥐오줌풀 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450629 Dipsaceae 산토끼꽃과 Scabiosa tschiliensis Grunning · 솔체꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450767 Ⅲ Floristic characteristics of vascular plants and first distributional report of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim in Yongneup wetland protected area

Citation Subdivided zones Scientific name · Korean name Voucher specimen Note ‘03 ‘07 ‘09 ‘12 A B C D E Scabiosa tschiliensis for. pinnata (Nakai) W.T.Lee · 체꽃 ○ ○ Campanulaceae 초롱꽃과 Adenophora divaricata Franch. & Sav. · 넓은잔대 ○ Adenophora grandiflora Nakai · 도라지모시대 ○ NIBRVP0000450745 Adenophora lamarckii Fisch. · 두메잔대 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450825 Adenophora remotiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq. · 모시대 ○ ○ Adenophora triphylla var. japonica (Regel) H.Hara · 잔대 ○ Campanula punctata Lam. · 초롱꽃 ○ ○ ○ Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. · 만삼 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450763 Ⅳ Hanabusaya asiatica (Nakai) Nakai · 금강초롱꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450777 Ⅳ, Ⓔ Lobelia sessilifolia Lamb. · 숫잔대 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450786 Ⅱ Compositae 국화과 Achillea alpina L. · 톱풀 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450577 Ⅱ Adenocaulon himalaicum Edgew. · 멸가치 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450724 Ainsliaea acerifolia Sch.Bip. · 단풍취 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450746 Artemisia feddei H.Lev. & Vaniot · 뺑쑥 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450595 Artemisia japonica Thunb. · 제비쑥 ○ ○ ○ Artemisia koidzumii Nakai · 율무쑥 ○ Artemisia montana (Nakai) Pamp. · 산쑥 ○ NIBRVP0000450576 Artemisia princeps Pamp. · 쑥 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450597 Artemisia rubripes Nakai · 덤불쑥 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450596 Ⅰ NIBRVP0000450702 Artemisia stolonifera (Maxim.) Kom. · 넓은잎외잎쑥 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450738 NIBRVP0000450696 Aster ageratoides Turcz. · 까실쑥부쟁이 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450725 Aster meyendorfii (Regel & Maack) Voss · 개쑥부쟁이 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450609 Aster pilosus Willd. · 미국쑥부쟁이 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450611 Ⓐ Aster scaber Thunb. · 참취 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450764 Aster tataricus L.f. · 개미취 ○ ○ ○ ○ Bidens frondosa L. · 미국가막사리 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450610 Ⓐ Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (Maxim.) Matsum. · 엉겅퀴 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450544 Cirsium kamtchaticum Ledeb. ex DC. · 대암엉겅퀴 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450545 Cirsium schantarense Trautv. & Mey. · 도깨비엉겅퀴 ○ Cirsium setidens (Dunn) Nakai · 고려엉겅퀴 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450693 Ⅱ, Ⓔ Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist · 망초 ○ Crepidiastrum denticulatum (Houtt.) Pak & Kawano · 이고들빼기 ○ ○ Dendranthema sichotense Tzvelev · 바위구절초 ○ ○ ○ Dendranthema zawadskii (Herb.) Tzvelev · 산구절초 ○ ○ ○ Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitam. ○ · 구절초 Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. · 개망초 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450708 Ⓐ NIBRVP0000450583 Erigeron strigosus Muhl. · 주걱개망초 ○ ○ ○ Ⓐ NIBRVP0000450584 Eupatorium japonicum Thunb. · 등골나물 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450605 Hieracium umbellatum L. · 조밥나물 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450607 Lactuca raddeana Maxim. · 산씀바귀 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450771 Lactuca triangulata Maxim. · 두메고들빼기 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450594 NIBRVP0000450720 Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz. · 곰취 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450772 Parasenecio adenostyloides (Franch. & Sav. ex Maxim.) ○ Ⅲ H.Koyama · 게박쥐나물 Parasenecio auriculata (DC.) H.Koyama · 귀박쥐나물 ○ ○ Parasenecio auriculata var. kamtschatica (Maxim.) H.Koyama ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450740 Ⅱ · 나래박쥐나물 Young-Chul Kim, Hyun-Hee Chae, Sang-Heock Oh, Seung-Ho Choi, Moon-Pyo Hong, Gi-Heum Nam, Jae-Yoon Choi, Hyun-Sook Choi, Kyu-Song Lee, Kil-Dong Kim Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 29(2) 2015

Citation Subdivided zones Scientific name · Korean name Voucher specimen Note ‘03 ‘07 ‘09 ‘12 A B C D E Parasenecio auriculata var. matsumurana Nakai · 박쥐나물 ○ ○ ○ Parasenecio firmus (Kom.) Y.L.Chen · 병풍쌈 ○ Parasenecio koraiensis (Nakai) K.J.Kim · 참나래박쥐 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450701 Picris hieracioides var. koreana Kitam. · 쇠서나물 ○ Saussurea grandifolia Maxim. · 서덜취 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450698 NIBRVP0000450782 Saussurea macrolepis (Nakai) Kitam. · 각시서덜취 ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅱ, Ⓔ NIBRVP0000450826 Saussurea pulchella (Fisch.) Fisch. · 각시취 ○ ○ Saussurea tanakae Franch. & Sav. ex Maxim. · 당분취 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450686 Solidago virga0aurea var. coreana Nakai · 나래미역취 ○ ○ ○ Solidago virgaurea subsp. asiatica Kitam. ex Hara · 미역취 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450790 Synurus deltoides (Aiton) Nakai · 수리취 ○ ○ ○ Synurus excelsus (Makino) Kitam. · 큰수리취 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450606 Taraxacum officinale Weber · 서양민들레 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⓐ Taraxacum ohwianum Kitam. · 산민들레 ○ ○ ○ ○ Taraxacum platycarpum Dahlst. · 민들레 ○ ○ Taraxacum platypecidum Diels · 흰털민들레 ○ ○ Scheuchzeriaceae 지채과 Triglochin palustre L. · 물지채 ○ Potamogetonaceae 가래과 Potamogeton pusillus L. · 실말 ○ ○ ○ Liliaceae 백합과 Allium sacculiferum Maxim. · 참산부추 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450608 Clintonia udensis Trautv. & C.A.Mey. · 나도옥잠화 ○ ○ Ⅲ NIBRVP0000450680 Convallaria keiskei Miq. · 은방울꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450875 Streptopus ovalis (Ohwi) F.T.Wang & Y.C.Tang · 금강애기나리 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450870 Disporum smilacinum A.Gray · 애기나리 ○ ○ Erythronium japonicum (Balrer) Decne. · 얼레지 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450647 Ⅰ Gagea japonica Pascher · 애기중의무릇 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450661 Ⅱ Heloniopsis koreana Fuse & al. · 처녀치마 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450652 Ⅱ Hemerocallis dumortieri Morren · 각시원추리 ○ Hemerocallis middendorffii Trautv. & C.A.Mey. · 큰원추리 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450642 Ⅳ Hosta clausa Nakai · 주걱비비추 ○ NIBRVP0000450684 Ⅲ Lilium dauricum Ker Gawl. · 날개하늘나리 ○ ○ Ⅴ, Ⓝ Lilium distichum Nakai ex Kamib. · 말나리 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450716 Ⅱ Lilium tsingtauense Gilg · 하늘말나리 ○ ○ Lloydia triflora (Ledeb.) Baker · 나도개감채 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450894 Ⅲ Maianthemum bifolium (L.) F.W.Schmidt · 두루미꽃 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450835 Ⅲ NIBRVP0000450656 Paris verticillata M.Bieb. · 삿갓나물 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450871 Polygonatum acuminatifolium Kom. · 종둥굴레 ○ NIBRVP0000450859 Polygonatum humile Fisch. ex Maxim. · 각시둥굴레 ○ ○ ○ ○ Polygonatum inflatum Kom. · 퉁둥굴레 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450616 Polygonatum lasianthum Maxim. · 죽대 ○ ○ Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum (Miq.) Ohwi · 둥굴레 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450810 Smilacina bicolor Nakai · 자주솜대 ○ ○ ○ Ⅲ, Ⓔ Smilacina dahurica Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey. · 민솜대 ○ Ⅲ Smilacina japonica A.Gray · 풀솜대 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450855 Smilax nipponica Miq. · 선밀나물 ○ Trillium kamtschaticum Pall. ex Pursh · 연영초 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅲ Veratrum maackii var. parviflorum (Maxim.) Hara · 파란여로 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450580 Veratrum maackii Regel · 긴잎여로 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅲ NIBRVP0000450768 Veratrum maackii var. japonicum (Baker) T.Schmizu · 여로 ○ ○ ○ ○ Veratrum oxysepalum Turcz. · 박새 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450630 Ⅰ Floristic characteristics of vascular plants and first distributional report of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim in Yongneup wetland protected area

Citation Subdivided zones Scientific name · Korean name Voucher specimen Note ‘03 ‘07 ‘09 ‘12 A B C D E Dioscoreaceae 마과 Dioscorea nipponica Makino · 부채마 ○ ○ ○ Iridaceae 붓꽃과 Iris ensata var. spontanea (Makino) Nakai · 꽃창포 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450805 Ⅱ Iris sanguinea Donn ex Horn · 붓꽃 ○ Juncaceae 골풀과 NIBRVP0000450670 Juncus effusus var. decipiens Buchenau · 골풀 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450739 Juncus gracillimus (Buchenau) V.I.Krecz. & Gontsch. · 물골풀 ○ ○ Juncus leschenaultii J.Gay · 참비녀골풀 ○ ○ Juncus papillosus Franch. & Sav. · 청비녀골풀 ○ ○ Juncus tenuis Willd. · 길골풀 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450682 Juncus wallichianus Laharpe · 눈비녀골풀 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450756 Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej. · 산꿩의밥 ○ NIBRVP0000450900 Luzula pallescens (Wahlenb.) Besser · 산새밥 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450901 Luzula plumosa E.Mey. · 별꿩의밥 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450668 Ⅲ Eriocaulaceae 곡정초과 Eriocaulon sieboldianum Siebold & Zucc. · 곡정초 ○ Eriocaulon atrum Nakai · 검은곡정초 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450565 Eriocaulon sikokianum Maxim. · 흰개수염 ○ Gramineae 벼과 Agropyron ciliare (Trin.) Franch. · 속털개밀 ○ NIBRVP0000450567 Agropyron repens (L.) P.Beauv. · 구주개밀 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⓐ NIBRVP0000450761 Agropyron tsukushiense var. transiens (Hack.) Ohwi · 개밀 ○ Agrostis alba L. · 흰겨이삭 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450557 Agrostis clavata Trin. · 산겨이삭 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450799 Agrostis clavata var. nukabo Ohwi · 겨이삭 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450574 Agrostis scabra Willd. · 긴겨이삭 ○ Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. · 뚝새풀 ○ Alopecurus pratensis L. · 큰뚝새풀 ○ Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Koidz. · 털새 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450705 Arundinella hirta var. ciliata Koidz. · 새 ○ ○ ○ ○ Calamagrostis angustifolia Kom. · 백산새풀 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450549 NIBRVP0000450562 Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth · 실새풀 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450563 Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth · 산조풀 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450550 Calamagrostis langsdorffii (Link.) Trin. · 산새풀 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450551 Dactylis glomerata L. · 오리새 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450623 Ⓐ NIBRVP0000450570 Diarrhena fauriei (Hack.) Ohwi · 광릉용수염 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅲ NIBRVP0000450571 Diarrhena japonica Fr. et Sav. · 용수염 ○ NIBRVP0000450728 Diarrhena mandshurica Maxim. · 껍질용수염 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅰ NIBRVP0000450729 Festuca ovina var. koreanoalpina Ohwi · 두메김의털 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450559 Ⓔ NIBRVP0000450558 Festuca rubra L. · 왕김의털 ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅳ NIBRVP0000450575 Festuca subulata var. japonica Hack. · 왕김의털아재비 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450552 Glyceria leptolepis Ohwi · 왕미꾸리광이 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅰ NIBRVP0000450572 Hierochloe alpina (Sw. ex Willd.) Roem. & Schult. · 산향모 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450640 Hierochloe odorata (L.) P.Beauv. · 향모 ○ Malinia japonica Hack · 진퍼리새 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450700 Young-Chul Kim, Hyun-Hee Chae, Sang-Heock Oh, Seung-Ho Choi, Moon-Pyo Hong, Gi-Heum Nam, Jae-Yoon Choi, Hyun-Sook Choi, Kyu-Song Lee, Kil-Dong Kim Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 29(2) 2015

Citation Subdivided zones Scientific name · Korean name Voucher specimen Note ‘03 ‘07 ‘09 ‘12 A B C D E NIBRVP0000450639 Melica nutans L. · 왕쌀새 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450893 NIBRVP0000450568 Melica onoei Franch. & Sav. · 쌀새 ○ NIBRVP0000450569 Miscanthus sinensis Andersson · 참억새 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450553 Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens (Andersson) Rendle · 억새 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450561 Muhlenbergia hakonensis (Hack.) Makino · 선쥐꼬리새 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450566 Muhlenbergia japonica Steud. · 쥐꼬리새 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450554 Phalaris arundiancea L. · 갈풀 ○ Phleum pratense L. · 큰조아재비 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450622 Ⓐ Phragmites communis Trin. · 갈대 ○ Phragmites japonica Steud. · 달뿌리풀 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450555 Poa malacantha var. shinanoana (Ohwi) Ohwi · 두메포아풀 ○ Poa pratensis L. · 왕포아풀 ○ Poa sphondylodes Trin. · 포아풀 ○ ○ Poa ussuriensis Roshev. · 갑산포아풀 ○ NIBRVP0000450560 Poa viridula Palib. · 청포아풀 ○ NIBRVP0000450556 Ⅳ Setaria glauca (L.) P.Beauv. · 금강아지풀 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450613 Trisetum bifidum (Thunb.) Ohwi · 잠자리피 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Trisetum sibiricum Rupr. · 시베리아잠자리피 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450706 Ⅱ Zoysia japonica Steud. · 잔디 ○ ○ Araceae 천남성과 Arisaema amurense for. serratum (Nakai) Kitag. · 천남성 ○ Arisaema robustum (Engler) Nakai · 넓은잎천남성 ○ ○ ○ ○ Symplocarpus nipponicus Makino · 애기앉은부채 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅲ Sparganiaceae 흑삼릉과 Sparganium hyperboreum Lastadius ex Beurl. · 좁은잎흑삼릉 ○ NIBRVP0000450618 Sparganium stoloniferum Hamilton · 흑삼릉 ○ ○ Cyperaceae 사초과 Carex augustinowiczii Menish. ex Korsh. · 북사초 ○ Carex biwensis Franch. · 솔잎사초 ○ Carex bostrychostigma Maxim. · 길뚝사초 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450902 Carex breviculmis R.Br. · 청사초 ○ Carex brownii Tuck. · 흰꼬리사초 NIBRVP0000450908 Carex capillacea Boott · 잔솔잎사초 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450942 Carex caryophyllea var. microtricha Kuk. · 갈색사초 ○ NIBRVP0000450931 Carex chordorhiza Ehrh.. · 대암사초 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450934 NIBRVP0000450899 Carex curta Gooden. · 산사초 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450938 Carex dimorpholepis Steud. · 이삭사초 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450839 Carex dispalata Boott · 삿갓사초 ○ ○ Carex drymophila Turcz. · 숲이삭사초 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450947 NIBRVP0000450917 Carex erythrobasis H.Lev. & Vaniot · 한라사초 ○ ○ ○ Ⅱ, Ⓔ NIBRVP0000450925 Carex filipes Franch. & Sav. · 낚시사초 ○ Carex forficula Franch. & Sav. · 산뚝사초 ○ NIBRVP0000450909 Carex hakonensis Franch. & Sav. · 애기바늘사초 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450955 Carex heterolepis Bunge · 산비늘사초 ○ NIBRVP0000450956 Carex humilis var. nana (H.Lev. & Vaniot) Ohwi · 가는잎그늘사초 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450922 NIBRVP0000450910 Carex jaluensis Kom. · 참삿갓사초 ○ ○ ○ Ⅲ NIBRVP0000450919 Floristic characteristics of vascular plants and first distributional report of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim in Yongneup wetland protected area

Citation Subdivided zones Scientific name · Korean name Voucher specimen Note ‘03 ‘07 ‘09 ‘12 A B C D E Carex japonica Thunb. · 개찌버리사초 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450962 NIBRVP0000450918 Carex laevissima Nakai · 애괭이사초 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450937 Carex lanceolata Boott · 그늘사초 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450921 Carex lasiocarpa var. occultans Kuk. · 벌사초 ○ NIBRVP0000450932 NIBRVP0000450914 Carex leiorhyncha C.A.Mey. · 산괭이사초 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450915 Carex lenta D.Don · 줄사초 ○ Carex limosa L. · 대택사초 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450940 Carex maackii Maxim. · 타래사초 ○ NIBRVP0000450904 Carex meyeriana Kunth · 진들검정사초 ○ NIBRVP0000450913 Carex nervata Franch. & Sav. · 양지사초 ○ Carex neurocarpa Maxim. · 괭이사초 ○ Carex okamotoi Ohwi · 지리대사초 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450926 Carex onoei Franch. & Sav. · 바늘사초 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450928 Carex oxyandra Kudo · 언덕사초 ○ Carex papulosa Boott · 쇠낚시사초 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450950 Carex pediformis C.A. Meyer · 넓은잎그늘사초 ○ NIBRVP0000450903 Carex pilosa Scop. · 털사초 ○ ○ ○ ○ Ⅱ NIBRVP0000450949 NIBRVP0000450939 Carex planiculmis Kom. · 그늘흰사초 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450957 Carex rhynchophysa C.A.Mey. · 왕삿갓사초 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450905 Carex rostrata var. borealis Kuk. · 물삿갓사초 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450945 Carex sabynensis Less. ex Kunth · 실청사초 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450943 Carex sabynensis var. rostrata (Maxim.) Ohwi · 부리실청사 NIBRVP0000450911 ○ 초 NIBRVP0000450912 Carex schmidtii Meinsh. · 참뚝사초 ○ Carex siderosticta Hance · 대사초 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450660 NIBRVP0000450906 Carex thunbergii var. appendiculata Trautv. · 뚝사초 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450907 Carex vaginata var. petersii Akiyama · 집사초 ○ Carex xiphium Meinsh. · 넓은잎피사초 ○ NIBRVP0000450916 Eleocharis congesta D.Don · 바늘골 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450573 Eleocharis congesta var. thermalis (Hulten) T.Koyama ○ NIBRVP0000450936 · 원산바늘골 Eleocharis mamillata var. cyclocarpa Kitag. · 물꼬챙이골 ○ ○ ○ Eleocharis wichurae Boeck. · 좀네모골 ○ ○ Eriophorum gracile Koch · 작은황새풀 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450898 Ⅴ Rhynchospora fujiiana Makino · 좀고양이수염 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450564 Scirpus karuizawensis Makino · 솔방울고랭이 ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450815 Scirpus triqueter L. · 세모고랭이 ○ ○ Scirpus wichurae var. asiaticus (Beetle) T.Koyama · 방울고랭이 ○ Orchidaceae 난초과 Liparis kumokiri F.Maek. · 옥잠난초 ○ NIBRVP0000450734 Orchis cyclochila (Franch. & Sav.) Maxim. · 나도제비란 ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450858 Oreorchis patens (Lindl.) Lindl. · 감자난초 ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450850 Platanthera hologlottis Maxim. · 흰제비란 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450731 Platanthera sachalinensis F.Schmidt · 큰제비란 ○ Pogonia japonica Rchb.f. · 큰방울새란 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ NIBRVP0000450806 Young-Chul Kim, Hyun-Hee Chae, Sang-Heock Oh, Seung-Ho Choi, Moon-Pyo Hong, Gi-Heum Nam, Jae-Yoon Choi, Hyun-Sook Choi, Kyu-Song Lee, Kil-Dong Kim Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 29(2) 2015

Citation ‘03 : Lee et al.(2003). ‘07 : Ministry of Environment(2007), ‘09 : Wonju regional environmental administration(2009), ‘12 : Ministry of Environment(2012a). Subdivided zones A: Keun-Yongneup, B: Surrounding Keun-Yongneup, C: Jageun-Yongneup and surrounding Jageun-Yongneup, D: Aegi-Yongneup, E: Surrounding Aegi-Yongneup Abbreviations of note Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ : Grade of floristics special plants Ⓔ : Endemic plants Ⓐ : Naturalized plants Ⓝ : Endangered plants species designated by Ministry of Environment