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Atomic Energy Act of 1934

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Atomic Energy Act of 1934 OF THE BOX No. - - _- - ~ -~ _. - ~~ i, .- -2 u-1 . - - i- p: i 1' - LETTER OF SUBMITTAL WASHINGTON,D. C., 29 January 1956. lye ]lave the honor to submit herewith the Seventeellth Semi- gy Commission, as UXITEDSTATES ATOXIC EKERGY COXMISSION, THOMASE. MURRAY. WILLARDE'. LIBBY. LEWISL. STRAISSS,Chairman The President of the Senate. The Speaker of the Nozrse of EepresevLtatiCves. II1 CONTEXTS APPESDIXES 1. Organization and Principal Staff of U. S. Atomic EnergF Corn 2. &lembership of Committees_________-____--_- ---------- -----__ 4. Isotope Distribution L)ata, Oak K.1 5. AEC-Owned Patents _________________--_--- --------- ------- ________ lkrJ 6. Regulations of the U. S. ,&toluic Euergy Comlmissioii -________-_ ____ -- 1% 7. Current AEC Unclassified Research Contracts in Physical and 13iologi- cnl Sciences, Raw Materials, and Reactor Development-____________ 1% FOREWORD ----_ ,,,~tledevelopll~eut, use, and control of utoinic energy shall be directed to proIx1ote iwrld peace, improve the general w-rlfare, increase of living, and strengthen free competition in priTate t~re enterprisg-S~ction 1 of Declaration of Atomic Energy Act of 1934. ~,~~eT,eut of the past half year of greatest significance to the program ----_ Atomic Energy Conimission was the enactment of the L4toinic Act of 1954 which became law on August 30 when the Presi- ckenlooper bill. It is the first complete revision tile statutory charter of the Commission since passage of the The paranlount objective of the -1EC mas not altered-to make the mtlsirnmcontribution to the coinmon defense and security. What is neK is dded emphasis on the development of peacetime uses of atomic eneru. Jvorkable authority is provided to permit greater interna- u’ona] cooperation ;to increase the participation by private enterprise ; Bndto assure effective dissemination of both scientific and industrial e old law, the Coniinission in giving pri- lear weapons, had not neglected the develop- mellt of peacethe apphations of atomic energy. The progress in development of powr and research reactors ; the growth of the indus- trial participation prograin ; the remarkable expansion in the varied uss of radioisotopes and the continuous support of fruitful basic and applied research are evidences of the faith of the ageiicy in the future of benign uses of the atom. The -4toinic Energy *4ct of 1946 recog- nized that advances in the art would make revision of the basic statute iiesary and desirable. The new law reflects the decisioll that this time has arrived. Vnder the new law, the scope and opportunity in these nonnlilitary zreas are enlarged. The 1954 -4ct spells out tlw purposes of the Corn- mission‘s research activities to include agricultural, medical and in- dustrial uses, generation of usable nuclear power and demonstration of the practical ralue of using atomic production facilities for in- dustrial and commercial purposes. A4dditionally, subject to certain provisions, it opens up to some extent the area of patentability of inrentions or discoreries other than those in the field of military utilization of nuclear energy. Internntiottn? Coopemtioil :The new *4ct provides, under prudent Qfepards, for bilateral agreements with friendly llatiolls which permit a wide range of actirities to be conducted on a mutually L-ll.’l~~;-~%*2L!-’-, VR * vm JULY-DECEMBER 1 9 5 4 beneficial basis. These include the allocation of special nucleat material for power and research reactors ; pro\-iding assistance in thr design and construction of same, and the excliange of certain classifieri information on nonmilitary utilization of atomic energy mutually agreeable security controls haT7.e been Forked out. It alsc, envisages an expansion of internatiollal cooperation in the esch an.& of ideas and unclassified information. In signing the Act, the President stressed the importance of Pb ceeding with the plan for an international atomic energy agene! which would advance peacetime applications. The Commission tinues to assist the State Department in the private negotiations %u I the nations involved. These negotiations have brought wide areaSof ageement as to the scope and function of the international agency. One major result was endorsement on December 4,1954 by the u~~ Nations General Assembly of the United States' proposal for tig creation of the agency and for appointment of a special advisory mittee to the United Nations Secretary General to plan an inkma. tiond scientific conference. The Commission initiated and aho i, assisting the State Department in planning this international congress to be held later this year under the auspices of the United Nations. Pending the establishment of an international atomic energy agente and the negotiation of the bilateral agreements according to Sectio; 123 of the new Act, the AEC is proceeding with a number of inkrim projects. These include : (I) Establishment of a reactor training school at the Argom National Laboratory to be opened in March 1955 ; (2) a special sessiob for foreign nationals of the four-meek cuume in radioisotope t& niques at the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies to begin May 2: (3) training courses in the utilization of atomic energy in the fie& of biology, medicine and agriculture; (4) training courses in indus. trial medicine and hygiene; (5) invitations to a number of doctm and surgeons and specialists to spend about two months in the United States visiting the Argonne and Oak Ridge Cancer Hospitals arid other research centers; and (6) presentation of a number of AEC technical libraries to countries or regional groups. The new law also permits the Department of Defense, with Corn mission assistance, and again under proper security safeguards, furnish our allies certain data needed for training in the use of imd defense against atomic weapons and for evaluating the atomic aPa- bilities of a potential aggressor. Encozcragemmd of Private Enterprise: The new law also recoF that the initiative and resources of private industry in the devdV ment and use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes should bem FOREWORD Ix ed and drawn inore specifically into the national program. AI- rnment retains the title to all special nuclear material, n is empowered under the new statute to license private ps to build, c~vi-11aid operate research and power reac- d the licensees agree to and observe adequate health and lations. The AEC will provide the necessary special ial for such facilities. The licensees niay sell the power roduct materials such as radioisotopes produced in these The Commission dlcontinue to bear the burden of basic @sand assist the development of nuclear power by the construc- @of ,verimenta1 reactors. tion Dksemi71c7.$t'orz. of Infornzation: The new Act provides flexibility for the Commission to determine the scope and extent of investigations ed to be made of persons desiring access to restricted data, thus reqoir fie dissemination of such information to those interested in fhg march and industrial phases of the national program. Permis- sion willbe granted for this access after completion of a security de,mm compatible with the degree of sensitiveness of the informs- tion involved* neCommission also is directed to maintain a continuous review of clp&ed information to determine what data can be declassified with- mdue risk to the common defense and security. The legislation dsogreatly simplifies procedures for the dissemination of atomic enera information within the Department of Defense. The neF Act is len.@hy and complex. Its implementation requires the careful formulation and promulgation by the Commission of a number of regulations. khnagement and industry generally have indicated an understanding of the magnitude of this problem. lotl,nli&on started pqiaration for administration of thk 1954 .ttonlicThe C Ener.gj- Act even before it became law on August 30. This work made it possible to take action immediately after i.1 i.1 imi11~ . cr of the new statute to continue in force the regulations corer- &n% .;ale alld use of isotopes, the export of nuclear equipment. and inF the uisitioll of Source materials. ai4Tssf; forces vere organized under the direction of the General and are at vork on the job of drafting the many types of j_l,lqr RgIlatlons and licenses requirecl by the new Act. These fall into f:, categories and illustrate the complexity of tlie problem. (At - fler,t pads \vhich will be made subject to regulation by the Com- PDmis;sion both domestically and for export ; regulations governing 2l the distribution of special nuclear materials by the Commission ; t,distribution of source materials ; (4) transfer of source materials ; f m8n11facture,sale and use of production and utilization facilities ; I= istops; (7) reactor opertitors licenses ; (8) security of licensed Brtirities; (9) health and safety of licensed activities J (IO) hearing I,PCKYc~~lres: determining (11 ) which classes of licensees will be rl,srp]for materials aiid services furnished by the AEC and which I-lss;es,if any, will be able to receive materials and services without (12) the amount of charges to be made for materials and qn*ices furnished by the AEC to licensees; (13) the fair price to he paid by the Commission for special nuclenr material produced bp licensees : (14) procedures and rules governing dissemination of dasdied information ; and (15) consideration of downgrading and It~Iasificationof certain areas of information. Before the various licensing regulations are promulgated, the Com- mission is considering calling one or more industl-y conferences to ~liwisnrious aspects of the I icensing program. Rianagemellt and :Edtistry have already furnished raluable assistance throlzgh the sym- piaheld in September and October by the *4tomic Industrial Forum: f~..and the Sational Industrial Conference Board, %;ckednles of basic charges for AEC a~ailablematerials and serv- FW needed by private atomic energy developers and of fair prices hit the Commission will pap for certain products from privahly "Yratd American atomic reactors have been established. These 'hedules contain classified information and will be made available to Properly cleared persons.
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