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An Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Urbanization Patterns in Northwest China
land Article An Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Urbanization Patterns in Northwest China Haifen Lei 1,2, Jennifer Koch 2 and Hui Shi 1,* 1 School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; [email protected] 2 Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 6 September 2020; Accepted: 19 October 2020; Published: 27 October 2020 Abstract: Chinese metropolitan areas have been experiencing urbanization over the past decades, impacting biodiversity, carbon emissions, urban heat islands, and food security. Yet, systematic research on spatio-temporal urbanization patterns and drivers along the urban–rural gradient is rarely reported for northwest China. Here, we use land-use data from 1980 to 2015 to explore land-use change, urbanization intensity, and drivers in northwest China. Our results display direct and indirect effects of urban expansion on farmland loss, but also spatio-temporal heterogeneity in the urbanization patterns. While the earlier years were dominated by infill and land conversion close to city centers, the later years displayed sprawling urbanization following the constraints of terrain and administrative boundaries at the cost of farmland. Our regression analysis of spatial variables found a strong relationship with urban planning factors. The spatial analysis of urbanization patterns revealed indirect land-use change on former farmland. Furthermore, we found that regional geography and historic sites considerably influenced land conversion. Overall, our findings indicate the need for sustainable planning strategies that synthesize approaches to farmland and historic site protection and consideration of regionally specific landscape characteristics. -
Developing China's West: Producer Services in Metropolitan Xi'an By
Developing China’s West: producer services in metropolitan Xi’an By: Chen Ying, Susan M. Walcott, Liu Jia Ying, C., Walcott, S. M., & Jia, L. (2012). “Developing China’s West: producer services in metropolitan Xi’an,” Special Issue Regional Science Policy and Practice. Vol. 4 (3): 247–262. DOI: 10.1111/j.1757-7802.2012.01071.x Made available courtesy of Wiley-Blackwell. The definitive version is available at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com. ***Reprinted with permission. No further reproduction is authorized without written permission from Wiley-Blackwell. This version of the document is not the version of record. Figures and/or pictures may be missing from this format of the document. *** Abstract: China's maturing economy raises questions as to the convergence of urban-economic spatial patterns with those in developed countries. Three major components of producer services – financial, information consultancy and computer services – indicate the development of advanced economic functions that drive growth. This research assesses producer services in Xi'an, the biggest city in Western China. Methods include ArcGIS analysis of the spatial layout of service sector companies and interviews with corporate managers. Highly agglomerated sectors display different spatial characteristics resulting from the interaction of market demand, urban planning and government policy directing the growth and place of these tertiary functions. Resumen. La economía China, en fase de maduración, plantea interrogantes en cuanto a la convergencia de los patrones espaciales urbano-económicos con los de los países desarrollados. Tres componentes principales de los servicios a la producción – financiamiento, consultorías de información y servicios de informática – sirven de indicadores del desarrollo de aquellas funciones económicas avanzadas que impulsan el crecimiento. -
Pre-Primary Education
Detailed Sector Assessment: Pre-Primary Education Project Number: 53060-001 March 2021 People's Republic of China: Shaanxi Xi'an Preschool Education Development Program CONTENTS Page A. EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES ............... 1 B. SECTOR PROFILE: EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION IN XI'AN ............................... 5 1. Access to Early Childhood Education ....................................................................... 5 2. Quality of Early Childhood Education ..................................................................... 11 3. Early Childhood Education Management, Supervision, and Financing ..................... 19 4. Early Childhood Education Innovation .................................................................... 20 C. INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LESSONS AND GOOD PRACTICE..................... 21 D. ADB COUNTRY AND SECTOR EXPERIENCE AND ASSISTANCE ........................... 27 E. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ADB TO SUPPORT EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN XI'AN .................................................................................................... 28 APPENDIXES 1. Bilingual Glossary ............................................................................................................ 30 2. Problem Tree ................................................................................................................... 35 3. Xi'an Preschool Education Development Plan, 2019–2025 ................................................ 36 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank -
The Spreading of Christianity and the Introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949)
Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid Programa de doctorado en Concervación y Restauración del Patrimonio Architectónico The Spreading of Christianity and the introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949) Christian churches and traditional Chinese architecture Author: Shan HUANG (Architect) Director: Antonio LOPERA (Doctor, Arquitecto) 2014 Tribunal nombrado por el Magfco. y Excmo. Sr. Rector de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, el día de de 20 . Presidente: Vocal: Vocal: Vocal: Secretario: Suplente: Suplente: Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de la Tesis el día de de 20 en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid. Calificación:………………………………. El PRESIDENTE LOS VOCALES EL SECRETARIO Index Index Abstract Resumen Introduction General Background........................................................................................... 1 A) Definition of the Concepts ................................................................ 3 B) Research Background........................................................................ 4 C) Significance and Objects of the Study .......................................... 6 D) Research Methodology ...................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Chinese traditional architecture 1.1 The concept of traditional Chinese architecture ......................... 13 1.2 Main characteristics of the traditional Chinese architecture .... 14 1.2.1 Wood was used as the main construction materials ........ 14 1.2.2 -
2018 Social Insurance Rates in China
P a g e | 1 2018 Social Insurance Rates in China February 27, 2019 1 P a g e | 2 Contents 1. An Overview of Social Insurance ............................................................................................... 4 2. Official Social Insurance Policy Documents from Recent Years ............................................... 6 3. Social Insurance Policies of each Province and City ................................................................. 9 Beijing ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Tianjin ........................................................................................................................................ 11 Shanghai ................................................................................................................................... 12 Chongqing ................................................................................................................................. 13 Henan ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Shandong .................................................................................................................................. 15 Gansu ........................................................................................................................................ 17 Anhui ........................................................................................................................................ -
Multi-Disciplinary Determination of the Rural/Urban Boundary: a Case Study in Xi’An, China
sustainability Article Multi-Disciplinary Determination of the Rural/Urban Boundary: A Case Study in Xi’an, China Lei Fang 1,2 and Yingjie Wang 1,2,* 1 State Key Lab of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; [email protected] 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-010-6488-9077 Received: 19 June 2018; Accepted: 23 July 2018; Published: 26 July 2018 Abstract: Rapid urbanization in China has blurred the boundaries between rural and urban areas in both geographic and conceptual terms. Accurately identifying this boundary in a given area is an important prerequisite for studies of these areas, but previous research has used fairly simplistic factors to distinguish the two areas (such as population density). In this study, we built a model combining multi-layer conditions and cumulative percentage methods based on five indicators linking spatial, economic, and demographic factors to produce a more comprehensive and quantitative method for identifying rural and urban areas. Using Xi’an, China as a case study, our methods produced a more accurate determination of the rural-urban divide when compared to data from the National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. Specifically, the urbanization level was 3.24% lower in the new model, with a total urban area that was 621.87 km2 lower. These results were checked by field survey and satellite imagery for accuracy. -
An Inorganic Index Dataset of Groundwater in the Guanzhong Basin (2015)[J]
Vol. 45 Supp.(2) GEOLOGY IN CHINA Dec., 2018 Received: 01-26-2018 doi: 10.12029/gc2018Z203 Accepted: 09-17-2018 Article Citation: Li Chengzhu,Ma Hongyun,Wu Yaoguo. 2018. An Inorganic Index Dataset of Groundwater in the Guanzhong Basin (2015)[J]. Geology in China, 45(S2):31−38. Fund Project: Dataset Citation: Li Chengzhu; Ma Hongyun; Wu Yaoguo. An Inorganic Index Dataset of Groundwater in the National Public Welfare Guanzhong Basin (2015)[V1]. Key Laboratory for Groundwater and Ecology in Arid and Semi−Arid Areas, China Project titled “Investigation Geological Survey; Xi’an Center, China Geological Survey; Northwestern Polytechnical University[producer], 2015. and Evaluation of National Geological Archives of China [distributor], 2018−12−31. 10.23650/data.D.2018.P8; http://geodb.ngac.org.cn/ Groundwater Contamination of the Ordos Basin” geologicalDataJournal/rest/manuscript/manuscriptDetail/8d21e6c822575c39aef2a3ccdc86c6ff (12120114056201) An Inorganic Index Dataset of Groundwater in the Guanzhong Basin (2015) LI Chengzhu 1,2, MA Hongyun 1,2, WU Yaoguo 3 (1. Key Laboratory for Groundwater and Ecology in Arid and Semi−Arid Areas, China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710054, China; 2. Xi’an Center, China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710054, China; 3. Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China) Abstract: This dataset contains information about the locations and sampling layers of 200 groundwater samples taken in the Guanzhong Basin in 2015 as well as test results of 33 inorganic geochemical components. According to a comprehensive water quality evaluation, the samples above, if classified by water quality level, include 10 blank samples, 2 class−II samples, 57 class−III samples, 56 class−IV samples, and 75 class−V samples. -
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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 310 3rd International Conference on Culture, Education and Economic Development of Modern Society (ICCESE 2019) Research on the Existing Problems of County Economic Development in Shaanxi Province and the Countermeasures* Xiaoyuan Zhou College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Northwest University Xi'an, China 710127 College of Architecture and Civil Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an, China 710058 Dan Zhao Yuan Lv Northwest University Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an, China 710127 Xi'an, China 710058 Abstract—Occupied an important position in the economic which plays an important role in the economic development of development of the whole province, the county economic the whole province, has made some new breakthroughs in development in Shaanxi Province has made some achievements recent years, but its strategic position and role in the economic in recent years, but it does not reflect its strategic position and and social development are far from fully reflected. key role in the development of the whole province. Therefore, this paper analyzes the existing problems of county economy in At present, the county economic development in China is Shaanxi Province, summarizes the factors that restrict the moving towards a new stage of urban-rural integration, in development, and puts forward solutions and suggestions, aiming which urban-rural factors flow smoothly and openly, urban- to provide reference for the development of county economy in rural construction distribution is orderly, three industries are Shaanxi Province. intertwined and integrated, and the boundary between villagers and migrant workers is blurred and diluted. -
Research on Coordinated Development of a Railway Freight Collection and Distribution System Based on an “Entropy-TOPSIS Coupling Development Degree Model” Integrated With
Hindawi Journal of Advanced Transportation Volume 2020, Article ID 8885808, 14 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8885808 Research Article Research on Coordinated Development of a Railway Freight Collection and Distribution System Based on an “Entropy-TOPSIS Coupling Development Degree Model” Integrated with Machine Learning Yun Jing, Si-Ye Guo , Xuan Wang , and Fang-Qiu Chen School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China Correspondence should be addressed to Si-Ye Guo; [email protected] Received 4 June 2020; Revised 24 July 2020; Accepted 10 August 2020; Published 15 September 2020 Academic Editor: Naixue Xiong Copyright © 2020 Yun Jing et al. -is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In recent years, with the gradual networking of high-speed railways in China, the existing railway transportation capacity has been released. In order to improve transportation capacity, railway freight transportation enterprises companies have gradually shifted the transportation of goods from dedicated freight lines to passenger-cargo lines. In terms of the organization form of collection and distribution, China has a complete research system for heavy-haul railway collection and distribution, but the research on the integration of collection and distribution of the ordinary-speed railway freight has not been completed. -is paper combines the theories of the integration of collection and distribution theory, coordination theory, and coupling theory and incorporates the machine learning fuzzy mathematics to construct an “Entropy-TOPSIS Coupling Development Degree Model” for dynamic intelligent quantitative analysis of the synergy of railway freight collection and distribution systems. -
Minimum Wage Standards in China August 11, 2020
Minimum Wage Standards in China August 11, 2020 Contents Heilongjiang ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Jilin ............................................................................................................................................................... 3 Liaoning ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ........................................................................................................... 7 Beijing......................................................................................................................................................... 10 Hebei ........................................................................................................................................................... 11 Henan .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Shandong .................................................................................................................................................... 14 Shanxi ......................................................................................................................................................... 16 Shaanxi ...................................................................................................................................................... -
Study on Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Land Use Efficiency in Xi’An, China
sustainability Article Study on Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Land Use Efficiency in Xi’an, China Jing Huang and Dongqian Xue * School of Geographical Science and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 17 October 2019; Accepted: 22 November 2019; Published: 25 November 2019 Abstract: China’s urban land use has shifted from incremental expansion to inventory eradication. The traditional extensive management mode is difficult to maintain, and the fundamental solution is to improve land use efficiency. Xi’an, the largest central city in Western China, was selected as the research area. The super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and Malmquist index method were used to measure the land use efficiency of each district and county in the city from the micro perspective, and the spatial-temporal change characteristics and main influencing factors of land use efficiency were analyzed, which not only made up for the research content of urban land use efficiency in China’s underdeveloped areas, but also pointed out the emphasis and direction for the improvement of urban land use efficiency. The results showed that: (1) The land use efficiency of Xi’an reflected the land use intensive level of the underdeveloped areas in Western China, that is, the overall intensive level was not high, the gap between the urban internal land use efficiency was large, the land use efficiency of the old urban area and the mature built-up area was relatively high, and the land use efficiency of the emerging expansion area and the edge area was relatively low. -
General Report on Migrant Resettlement Plan Xi'an Urban
RP563 V1 General Report on Migrant Public Disclosure Authorized Resettlement Plan Xi’an Urban Comprehensive Transportation Improvement Project The World Bank Evaluating Version Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Authorized by Xi’an Development and Reform Committee Shaanxi Academy of Social Science Public Disclosure Authorized 2008.04 Contents Purpose of Resettlement Action Plan and Definition of Resettlement Terms ............................ i 1.General......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose of the project construction...................................................................................... 1 1.2 .Project background............................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Contents of the project........................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Measures to reduce migrants................................................................................................. 6 1.5 Policy Goals of this report ..................................................................................................... 6 2. Analysis on the Affected Object Index by the Project............................................................ 7 2.1 The affected land .................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 The affected