Research on Coordinated Development of a Railway Freight Collection and Distribution System Based on an “Entropy-TOPSIS Coupling Development Degree Model” Integrated With
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An Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Urbanization Patterns in Northwest China
land Article An Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Urbanization Patterns in Northwest China Haifen Lei 1,2, Jennifer Koch 2 and Hui Shi 1,* 1 School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; [email protected] 2 Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 6 September 2020; Accepted: 19 October 2020; Published: 27 October 2020 Abstract: Chinese metropolitan areas have been experiencing urbanization over the past decades, impacting biodiversity, carbon emissions, urban heat islands, and food security. Yet, systematic research on spatio-temporal urbanization patterns and drivers along the urban–rural gradient is rarely reported for northwest China. Here, we use land-use data from 1980 to 2015 to explore land-use change, urbanization intensity, and drivers in northwest China. Our results display direct and indirect effects of urban expansion on farmland loss, but also spatio-temporal heterogeneity in the urbanization patterns. While the earlier years were dominated by infill and land conversion close to city centers, the later years displayed sprawling urbanization following the constraints of terrain and administrative boundaries at the cost of farmland. Our regression analysis of spatial variables found a strong relationship with urban planning factors. The spatial analysis of urbanization patterns revealed indirect land-use change on former farmland. Furthermore, we found that regional geography and historic sites considerably influenced land conversion. Overall, our findings indicate the need for sustainable planning strategies that synthesize approaches to farmland and historic site protection and consideration of regionally specific landscape characteristics. -
Developing China's West: Producer Services in Metropolitan Xi'an By
Developing China’s West: producer services in metropolitan Xi’an By: Chen Ying, Susan M. Walcott, Liu Jia Ying, C., Walcott, S. M., & Jia, L. (2012). “Developing China’s West: producer services in metropolitan Xi’an,” Special Issue Regional Science Policy and Practice. Vol. 4 (3): 247–262. DOI: 10.1111/j.1757-7802.2012.01071.x Made available courtesy of Wiley-Blackwell. The definitive version is available at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com. ***Reprinted with permission. No further reproduction is authorized without written permission from Wiley-Blackwell. This version of the document is not the version of record. Figures and/or pictures may be missing from this format of the document. *** Abstract: China's maturing economy raises questions as to the convergence of urban-economic spatial patterns with those in developed countries. Three major components of producer services – financial, information consultancy and computer services – indicate the development of advanced economic functions that drive growth. This research assesses producer services in Xi'an, the biggest city in Western China. Methods include ArcGIS analysis of the spatial layout of service sector companies and interviews with corporate managers. Highly agglomerated sectors display different spatial characteristics resulting from the interaction of market demand, urban planning and government policy directing the growth and place of these tertiary functions. Resumen. La economía China, en fase de maduración, plantea interrogantes en cuanto a la convergencia de los patrones espaciales urbano-económicos con los de los países desarrollados. Tres componentes principales de los servicios a la producción – financiamiento, consultorías de información y servicios de informática – sirven de indicadores del desarrollo de aquellas funciones económicas avanzadas que impulsan el crecimiento. -
The Optimal Design of Soccer Robot Control System Based on The
2019 4th International Social Sciences and Education Conference (ISSEC 2019) Supporting Policy of Breeding Unicorn Enterprises in Xi'an Jiang Yonghong Shaanxi Institute of International Trade and Commerce, Shaanxi, 712046, China Keywords: Xi'an; Unicorn Enterprise; Policy; High-Tech Industry Abstract: As a product of the era of innovation and globalization, unicorn enterprises are changing traditional industries with brand-new business models. Based on the basic concepts and development elements of unicorn enterprises, the development status of unicorn enterprises in Xi'an was firstly analyzed, and then the cultivation program and support policies of unicorn enterprises in Xi'an were studied in this paper. Taking the Development Center of Pioneer Park of Xi'an High-tech Zone as an example, the significance of national support policy to the development of unicorn enterprises was analyzed. Finally, some personal opinions were given to provide some theoretical references for the development of domestic unicorn enterprises. 1. Introduction In recent years, with the continuous development of emerging technology industries, it is not difficult to find that hard science and technology can effectively create high-end supply, and then optimize China's economic structure. As a product of the era of innovation and globalization, unicorn has penetrated into e-commerce, internet finance, and transportation, which has extended to artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, network security, new media and other fields. As the starting city of Silk Road, Xi'an, with the advantages of scientific research institutes, universities and aerospace fields, ranks among the top ten of 100 cities in China in terms of hard science and technology strength, and stands out in the Midwest. -
Pre-Primary Education
Detailed Sector Assessment: Pre-Primary Education Project Number: 53060-001 March 2021 People's Republic of China: Shaanxi Xi'an Preschool Education Development Program CONTENTS Page A. EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES ............... 1 B. SECTOR PROFILE: EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION IN XI'AN ............................... 5 1. Access to Early Childhood Education ....................................................................... 5 2. Quality of Early Childhood Education ..................................................................... 11 3. Early Childhood Education Management, Supervision, and Financing ..................... 19 4. Early Childhood Education Innovation .................................................................... 20 C. INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LESSONS AND GOOD PRACTICE..................... 21 D. ADB COUNTRY AND SECTOR EXPERIENCE AND ASSISTANCE ........................... 27 E. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ADB TO SUPPORT EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN XI'AN .................................................................................................... 28 APPENDIXES 1. Bilingual Glossary ............................................................................................................ 30 2. Problem Tree ................................................................................................................... 35 3. Xi'an Preschool Education Development Plan, 2019–2025 ................................................ 36 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank -
The Spreading of Christianity and the Introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949)
Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid Programa de doctorado en Concervación y Restauración del Patrimonio Architectónico The Spreading of Christianity and the introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949) Christian churches and traditional Chinese architecture Author: Shan HUANG (Architect) Director: Antonio LOPERA (Doctor, Arquitecto) 2014 Tribunal nombrado por el Magfco. y Excmo. Sr. Rector de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, el día de de 20 . Presidente: Vocal: Vocal: Vocal: Secretario: Suplente: Suplente: Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de la Tesis el día de de 20 en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid. Calificación:………………………………. El PRESIDENTE LOS VOCALES EL SECRETARIO Index Index Abstract Resumen Introduction General Background........................................................................................... 1 A) Definition of the Concepts ................................................................ 3 B) Research Background........................................................................ 4 C) Significance and Objects of the Study .......................................... 6 D) Research Methodology ...................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Chinese traditional architecture 1.1 The concept of traditional Chinese architecture ......................... 13 1.2 Main characteristics of the traditional Chinese architecture .... 14 1.2.1 Wood was used as the main construction materials ........ 14 1.2.2 -
2018 Social Insurance Rates in China
P a g e | 1 2018 Social Insurance Rates in China February 27, 2019 1 P a g e | 2 Contents 1. An Overview of Social Insurance ............................................................................................... 4 2. Official Social Insurance Policy Documents from Recent Years ............................................... 6 3. Social Insurance Policies of each Province and City ................................................................. 9 Beijing ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Tianjin ........................................................................................................................................ 11 Shanghai ................................................................................................................................... 12 Chongqing ................................................................................................................................. 13 Henan ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Shandong .................................................................................................................................. 15 Gansu ........................................................................................................................................ 17 Anhui ........................................................................................................................................ -
Multi-Disciplinary Determination of the Rural/Urban Boundary: a Case Study in Xi’An, China
sustainability Article Multi-Disciplinary Determination of the Rural/Urban Boundary: A Case Study in Xi’an, China Lei Fang 1,2 and Yingjie Wang 1,2,* 1 State Key Lab of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; [email protected] 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-010-6488-9077 Received: 19 June 2018; Accepted: 23 July 2018; Published: 26 July 2018 Abstract: Rapid urbanization in China has blurred the boundaries between rural and urban areas in both geographic and conceptual terms. Accurately identifying this boundary in a given area is an important prerequisite for studies of these areas, but previous research has used fairly simplistic factors to distinguish the two areas (such as population density). In this study, we built a model combining multi-layer conditions and cumulative percentage methods based on five indicators linking spatial, economic, and demographic factors to produce a more comprehensive and quantitative method for identifying rural and urban areas. Using Xi’an, China as a case study, our methods produced a more accurate determination of the rural-urban divide when compared to data from the National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. Specifically, the urbanization level was 3.24% lower in the new model, with a total urban area that was 621.87 km2 lower. These results were checked by field survey and satellite imagery for accuracy. -
An Inorganic Index Dataset of Groundwater in the Guanzhong Basin (2015)[J]
Vol. 45 Supp.(2) GEOLOGY IN CHINA Dec., 2018 Received: 01-26-2018 doi: 10.12029/gc2018Z203 Accepted: 09-17-2018 Article Citation: Li Chengzhu,Ma Hongyun,Wu Yaoguo. 2018. An Inorganic Index Dataset of Groundwater in the Guanzhong Basin (2015)[J]. Geology in China, 45(S2):31−38. Fund Project: Dataset Citation: Li Chengzhu; Ma Hongyun; Wu Yaoguo. An Inorganic Index Dataset of Groundwater in the National Public Welfare Guanzhong Basin (2015)[V1]. Key Laboratory for Groundwater and Ecology in Arid and Semi−Arid Areas, China Project titled “Investigation Geological Survey; Xi’an Center, China Geological Survey; Northwestern Polytechnical University[producer], 2015. and Evaluation of National Geological Archives of China [distributor], 2018−12−31. 10.23650/data.D.2018.P8; http://geodb.ngac.org.cn/ Groundwater Contamination of the Ordos Basin” geologicalDataJournal/rest/manuscript/manuscriptDetail/8d21e6c822575c39aef2a3ccdc86c6ff (12120114056201) An Inorganic Index Dataset of Groundwater in the Guanzhong Basin (2015) LI Chengzhu 1,2, MA Hongyun 1,2, WU Yaoguo 3 (1. Key Laboratory for Groundwater and Ecology in Arid and Semi−Arid Areas, China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710054, China; 2. Xi’an Center, China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710054, China; 3. Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China) Abstract: This dataset contains information about the locations and sampling layers of 200 groundwater samples taken in the Guanzhong Basin in 2015 as well as test results of 33 inorganic geochemical components. According to a comprehensive water quality evaluation, the samples above, if classified by water quality level, include 10 blank samples, 2 class−II samples, 57 class−III samples, 56 class−IV samples, and 75 class−V samples. -
Study on Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Land Use Efficiency in Xi’An, China
sustainability Article Study on Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Land Use Efficiency in Xi’an, China Jing Huang and Dongqian Xue * School of Geographical Science and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 17 October 2019; Accepted: 22 November 2019; Published: 25 November 2019 Abstract: China’s urban land use has shifted from incremental expansion to inventory eradication. The traditional extensive management mode is difficult to maintain, and the fundamental solution is to improve land use efficiency. Xi’an, the largest central city in Western China, was selected as the research area. The super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and Malmquist index method were used to measure the land use efficiency of each district and county in the city from the micro perspective, and the spatial-temporal change characteristics and main influencing factors of land use efficiency were analyzed, which not only made up for the research content of urban land use efficiency in China’s underdeveloped areas, but also pointed out the emphasis and direction for the improvement of urban land use efficiency. The results showed that: (1) The land use efficiency of Xi’an reflected the land use intensive level of the underdeveloped areas in Western China, that is, the overall intensive level was not high, the gap between the urban internal land use efficiency was large, the land use efficiency of the old urban area and the mature built-up area was relatively high, and the land use efficiency of the emerging expansion area and the edge area was relatively low. -
General Report on Migrant Resettlement Plan Xi'an Urban
RP563 V1 General Report on Migrant Public Disclosure Authorized Resettlement Plan Xi’an Urban Comprehensive Transportation Improvement Project The World Bank Evaluating Version Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Authorized by Xi’an Development and Reform Committee Shaanxi Academy of Social Science Public Disclosure Authorized 2008.04 Contents Purpose of Resettlement Action Plan and Definition of Resettlement Terms ............................ i 1.General......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose of the project construction...................................................................................... 1 1.2 .Project background............................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Contents of the project........................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Measures to reduce migrants................................................................................................. 6 1.5 Policy Goals of this report ..................................................................................................... 6 2. Analysis on the Affected Object Index by the Project............................................................ 7 2.1 The affected land .................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 The affected -
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of PM2.5 Pollution in Xi'an City, China
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 6608-6625; doi:10.3390/ijerph120606608 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Article Spatial and Temporal Distribution of PM2.5 Pollution in Xi’an City, China Ping Huang *, Jingyuan Zhang †, Yuxiang Tang † and Lu Liu † State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; E-Mails: [email protected] (J.Z.); [email protected] (Y.T.); [email protected] (L.L.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel: +86-10-6891-8687. Academic Editors: P. Grady Dixon and Scott C. Sheridan Received: 31 March 2015 / Accepted: 5 June 2015 / Published: 10 June 2015 Abstract: The monitoring data of the 13 stations in Xi’an city for the whole years of 2013 and 2014 was counted and analyzed. Obtaining the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of PM2.5 was the goal. Cluster analysis and the wavelet transform were utilized to discuss the regional distribution characteristics of PM2.5 concentration (ρ(PM2.5)) and the main features of its yearly changes and sudden changes. Additionally, some relevant factors were taken into account to interpret the changes. The results show that ρ(PM2.5) in Xi’an during 2013 was generally higher than in 2014, it is high in winter and low in summer, and the high PM2.5 concentration centers are around the People’s Stadium and Caotan monitoring sites; For the regional PM2.5 distribution, the 13 sites can be divided into three categories, in which Textile city is Cluster 1, and High-tech Western is Cluster 2, and Cluster 3 includes the remaining 11 monitoring sites; the coefficient of goodness of the cluster analysis is 0.6761, which indicates that the result is acceptable. -
World Bank Document
Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: PAD 747 INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT ON A PROPOSED LOAN Public Disclosure Authorized IN THE AMOUNT OF US$ 150 MILLION TO THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR A SHAANXI SMALL TOWNS INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT August 22, 2014 Public Disclosure Authorized Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience Global Practice East Asia and Pacific Region This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the Public Disclosure Authorized performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective March 18, 2014) Currency Unit = Renminbi Yuan (RMB) US$ 1,00 = RMB 6.13 RMB 1.00 = US$ 0.16 FISCAL YEAR January 1 – December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS CPS Country Partnership Strategy CPMO County Project Management Office CQS Consultant’s Qualification Selection DA Designated Account DRC Development and Reform Commission EA Environmental Assessment ECOP Environmental Code of Practice EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return EMP Environmental Management Plan FB Finance Bureau FM Financial Management FMM Financial Management Manual FY Fiscal Year GDP Gross Domestic Product GOC Government of China GAAP Governance and Anti-Corruption Action plan GT Guan-Tian Corridor (Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Area) IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICB International