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The Corporatism of Fascist Italy Between Words and Reality
CORPORATIVISMO HISTÓRICO NO BRASIL E NA EUROPA http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-864X.2016.2.22336 The corporatism of Fascist Italy between words and reality O corporativismo da Itália fascista entre palavras e realidade El corporativismo de la Italia fascista entre las palabras y la realidad Alessio Gagliardi* Translated by Sergio Knipe Abstract: It is common knowledge that State intervention in Italy in the Twenties and the Thirties developed outside of corporative institutions. The history of Fascist corporatism, however, is not only an unsuccessful story. Despite the failure of the “corporatist revolution” and “Fascist third way”, Fascist corporatism since the mid- Twenties helped the progressive development of a new political system to regulate relationship between State and private interests. The paper examines not only the institutional framework (the systems of formal laws, regulations, and procedures, and informal norms) but also their acts and real activities. It dwells upon internal debates, political and institutional importance acquired by corporative institutions in Fascist regime and behaviours of entrepreneurial organizations and labour unions. In this way, the paper aims to point out the “real” consequences of Fascist corporatism, different from the ideological ones. Keywords: corporatism; Fascism; Italy Resumo: É de conhecimento geral que intervenções estatais na Itália nas décadas de 1920 e 1930 se desenvolveram fora de instituições corporativas. A história do corporativismo fascista, no entanto, não é totalmente sem sucessos. Apesar da falha da “revolução corporativista” e da “terceira via fascista”, o corporativismo fascista, desde meados dos anos 1920, ajudou no desenvolvimento progressivo de um novo sistema político para regular a relação entre o Estado e interesses privados. -
Il Fuoruscitismo Italiano Dal 1922 Al 1943 (*)
IL FUORUSCITISMO ITALIANO DAL 1922 AL 1943 (*) Possiamo organicamente dividere l’emigrazione politica, uno de gli aspetti più rilevanti della storia italiana durante i primi anni del regime fascista, in tre grandi periodi (1). Durante il primo, che va dal 1922 al 1924, tale esodo può apparire motivato da considerazioni economiche, proprio come era avvenuto per molti decenni; tuttavia, anche in questo periodo iniziale, in cui il fascismo non aveva ancora assunto il suo carattere dittatoriale, vi erano motivi politici che face vano capolino nella emigrazione. A migliaia di italiani che, senza un particolare interesse politico, avevano cercato lavoro sui mercati di Francia, Svizzera e Belgio, presto si aggiunsero numerosi altri la voratori, di idee socialiste od anarchiche, che avevano preso parte (1) Le seguenti statistiche possono dare un’idea delle variazioni nell’emigra zione. E’ impossibile, naturalmente, stabilire quanti emigrati fossero spinti prin cipalmente da motivi politici e quanti da considerazioni economiche. Le cifre sono prese dall’« Annuario Statistico italiano », Istituto centrale di Statistica, 1944-48, Serie V (Roma, 1949), I, 49. Anno Emigrazione verso Emigrazione verso Emigraz. ve la Francia l’Europa (Francia compr.) Paesi non Euro 1921 44.782 84.328 116.963 1922 99.464 155.554 125.716 1923 167.982 205.273 184.684 1924 201.715 239.088 125.282 1925 145.529 177.558 101.873 1926 111.252 139.900 122.496 1927 52.784 86.247 132.687 1928 49.351 79.173 70.794 1929 51.001 88.054 61.777 1930 167.209 220.985 59.112 1931 74.115 125.079 40.781 1932 33.516 58.545 24.803 1933 35.745 60.736 22.328 1934 20.725 42.296 26.165 1935 11.666 30.579 26.829 1936 9.614 21.682 19.828 1937 14.717 29.670 30.275 1938 10.551 71.848 27.99-* 1939 2.015 56.625 16.198 L’articolo è qui pubblicato per cortese concessione del « Journal of Central European Affairs » (University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado) che l’ha pubbli cato il 1 aprile 1952 (voi. -
Consensus for Mussolini? Popular Opinion in the Province of Venice (1922-1943)
UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM SCHOOL OF HISTORY AND CULTURES Department of History PhD in Modern History Consensus for Mussolini? Popular opinion in the Province of Venice (1922-1943) Supervisor: Prof. Sabine Lee Student: Marco Tiozzo Fasiolo ACADEMIC YEAR 2016-2017 2 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the PhD degree of the University of Birmingham is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of my words. 3 Abstract The thesis focuses on the response of Venice province population to the rise of Fascism and to the regime’s attempts to fascistise Italian society. -
Transnational Anarchism Against Fascisms: Subaltern Geopolitics and Spaces of Exile in Camillo Berneri’S Work Federico Ferretti
Transnational Anarchism Against Fascisms: subaltern geopolitics and spaces of exile in Camillo Berneri’s work Federico Ferretti To cite this version: Federico Ferretti. Transnational Anarchism Against Fascisms: subaltern geopolitics and spaces of exile in Camillo Berneri’s work. eds. D. Featherstone, N. Copsey and K. Brasken. Anti-Fascism in a Global Perspective, Routledge, pp.176-196, 2020, 10.4324/9780429058356-9. hal-03030097 HAL Id: hal-03030097 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03030097 Submitted on 29 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Transnational anarchism against fascisms: Subaltern geopolitics and spaces of exile in Camillo Berneri’s work Federico Ferretti UCD School of Geography [email protected] This paper addresses the life and works of transnational anarchist and antifascist Camillo Berneri (1897–1937) drawing upon Berneri’s writings, never translated into English with few exceptions, and on the abundant documentation available in his archives, especially the Archivio Berneri-Chessa in Reggio Emilia (mostly published in Italy now). Berneri is an author relatively well-known in Italian scholarship, and these archives were explored by many Italian historians: in this paper, I extend this literature by discussing for the first time Berneri’s works and trajectories through spatial lenses, together with their possible contributions to international scholarship in the fields of critical, radical and subaltern geopolitics. -
Amelia Pincherle Rosselli Jewish Writer in Pre-Fascist Italy
[References] Contesting Constraints: Amelia Pincherle Rosselli Jewish Writer in Pre-Fascist Italy Stanislao G. Pugliese* Hofstra University "Truly worthy to be remembered among the great Italians of this century." Sandro Pertini, President of the Italian Republic, 1983 Amelia Pincherle Rosselli was born into a patriotic Venetian family in 1870, just as the new nation-state of Italy was completing its unification by incorporating Rome as its capital. Her life and work were intimately tied to the political and cultural development of the new nation. As a writer, a woman, and a Jew, her biography offers a unique prism reflecting the often complicated intersection of these categories of existence. Rosselli's writings and life stand as a not-so-subtle critique of gender inequality both within Judaism and secular, bourgeois society. Her accomplishments force us to reevaluate the position Italian women had in the first half of the twentieth century, especially in the context of the Fascist regime (De Grazia 272-288). Both the Rosselli and Pincherle families had been actively involved in the Risorgimento, the movement for national unification in nineteenth-century Italy. Leone Pincherle, an uncle of Amelia's, was a minister of the Venetian Republic (1848-49) under Daniele Manin. As secular Jews and members of the upper bourgeoisie, the Pincherle enjoyed the liberal outlook of the Venetian city-state and fully participated in the political, cultural, and commercial life of the city. In 1885, the family moved to Rome where the young Amelia met and fell in love with Giuseppe Rosselli, a musicologist. The Rosselli family was originally from Livorno, a major port city on the western coast of Italy, and like the Pincherle had moved to Rome in the wake of national unification. -
Archivi Di "Giustizia E Liberta" (1915-1945)
MINISTERO DELL'INTERNO PUBBLICAZIONI DEGLI ARCHIVI DI STATO LXVIII · ARCHIVI DI "GIUSTIZIA E LIBERTA" (1915 - 1945) Inventario a cura di COSTANZO CASUCCI ROM A 1 969 A Corrado Poznanski (Gleiwitz 1915 - Roma 1957) che sopravvissuto alle persecuzioni razziali ritrovò negli archivi di stato e nella repubblica italiani la sua dignità di studioso e di uomo. , , I SOMMARIO Prefazione XI Nota inttoduttiva XV I. FONDO CARLO ROSSELLI 1 1. Carteggi di Carlo Rosselli 3 lettere di sicura attribuzione 3 lettere di dubbia attribuzione 28 2. Dattiloscritti di articoli diversi 31 1. Articoli pubblicati in Quarto stato 31 2. Articoli comparsi in La libertà 31 3. Articoli di economia 32 4. Articoli sulla fuga da Lipari 32 5. Articoli diversi 32 3. «Miei scritti. Appunti (economia e politica)>> 34 4. «Appunti, discorsi e articoli » 35 5. Carteggio con le autodtà francesi 36 6. Viaggio di Cado Rosselli negli Stati Uniti 38 7. Fuga da Lipari 40 1. Documenti 40 2. Lettere e telegrammi di congratulazioni 40 3. Corrispondenza con i giornali 41 4. Lettere di personalità interessate a cooperare alla liberazione di Marion Cave Rosselli e Nello Rosselli 42 5. Carteggio di Carlo Rosselli 43 6. Atti diversi 43 8. Carte trovate nel portacarte di Cado Rosselli all'atto della morte 44 9. Carte raccolte da Mal'ion Cave Rosselli a Bagnoles-de-l'Orne dopo l'assassinio di Carlo e Nello Rosselli 46 1. Atti contabili, spese d'albergo, elenchi di indirizzi, biglietti da visita e appunti diversi 46 2. Carteggio 46 3. Copia del settimanale Giustizia e Libertà, Parigi, 28 maggio 1937 46 lO. -
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Out of Italy: Italian Women Exiled under Fascism Reimagine Home and the Italian Identity Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2nk8m9vk Author Robinson, Nicole Hardy Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Out of Italy: Italian Women Exiled under Fascism Reimagine Home and the Italian Identity A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the Degree of Philosophy in Italian by Nicole Hardy Robinson 2016 © Copyright by Nicole Hardy Robinson 2016 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Out of Italy: Italian Women Exiled under Fascism Reimagine Home and the Italian Identity by Nicole Hardy Robinson Doctor of Philosophy in Italian University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor Lucia Re, Chair Vera Modigliani (1888-1974), Maria Brandon Albini (1904-1995), and Joyce Lussu (1912-1998) were antifascist activists who emigrated from Italy—fuoriuscite—and wrote novels, memoirs, and poetry about their varied experiences both during their period of exile, and well after it in the course of their literary careers. In my dissertation, I conduct a comparative study of these women’s narratives. I offer a nuanced study of the women’s literary works in order to fill a pronounced gap in current exile literature scholarship of the period, which has focused almost exclusively on male authors. My critical framework for this research is interdisciplinary, structured predominantly around the narrative theory of life writing. In addition, I also pull from exile, feminist, and sociological theory. Ultimately, I demonstrate that there are experiences and literary themes common to the three ii women, despite the fact that they were not closely linked in their exile. -
Gaetano Salvemini: a Lesson in Thought and Action Michael Christopher Diclemente University of Massachusetts Boston
University of Massachusetts Boston ScholarWorks at UMass Boston Graduate Masters Theses Doctoral Dissertations and Masters Theses 6-1-2012 Gaetano Salvemini: A Lesson in Thought and Action Michael Christopher DiClemente University of Massachusetts Boston Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.umb.edu/masters_theses Part of the Political History Commons, and the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation DiClemente, Michael Christopher, "Gaetano Salvemini: A Lesson in Thought and Action" (2012). Graduate Masters Theses. Paper 90. This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Doctoral Dissertations and Masters Theses at ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GAETANO SALVEMINI: A LESSON IN THOUGHT AND ACTION A Thesis Presented by MICHAEL C. DICLEMENTE Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS June 2012 History Program © 2012 by Michael C. DiClemente All rights reserved GAETANO SALVEMINI: A LESSON IN THOUGHT AND ACTION A Thesis Presented by MICHAEL C. DICLEMENTE Approved as to style and content by: _____________________________________________ Spencer DiScala, Professor Chairperson of Committee _____________________________________________ Vincent J. Cannato, Associate Professor Member _____________________________________________ -
Piero Gobetti Nei «Quaderni Di Giustizia E Libertà»
36 Piero Gobetti nei «Quaderni di Giustizia e Libertà». di Agata Pernicone Un assioma è dato per indiscutibile: Piero Gobetti è tra i padri spirituali del movimento di Giustizia e Libertà. L’assioma si fonda su una sorta di continuità tra il pensiero di Piero Gobetti e l’esperienza politica del movimento, in un processo a ritroso che, per legittimarsi, trova le proprie radici nelle tradizioni politiche radical-democratiche del nostro Ottocento italiano e che si proietta ben oltre Giustizia e Libertà fino alla sua trasformazione in Partito d’Azione nell’Italia repubblicana del secondo dopoguerra. Vari aspetti richiamano questo legame: i maestri comuni, da Benedetto Croce a Gaetano Salvemini; l’ammirazione per l’esperienza della «Voce», prima palestra per i giovani; l’esperienza nell’«Unità» salveminiana, punto di incontro e opportunità per una formazione culturale che aveva come focale la formazione civile; l’accento continuo e costante posto sulla necessità di un protagonismo giovanile nei futuri scenari politici dell’Italia. Tuttavia, scavando in profondità, sia periodizzando le varie fasi della vita politica del movimento, sia studiando le varie posizioni interne al movimento stesso, non si può dare per assoluto quest’assioma. Gran parte della storiografia, essendosi concentrata maggiormente a studiare il gruppo dirigente di Parigi, ha restituito un’immagine del movimento come di un corpo omogeneo. Come ha ricordato Mario Giovana, nel suo ultimo lavoro su Giustizia e Libertà1, Paolo Vittorelli aveva in realtà un’opinione diversa: sulle pagine de «Il Ponte»2 avvertiva di stare attenti a leggere la storia di G.L. in maniera univoca e attraverso un’unica chiave interpretativa, ossia come se fosse esistita «una sola Giustizia e Libertà». -
Carlo Rosselli: Socialist Heritic and Antifascist Exile S Tanisla O Pugliese I11 Conversation Ivith S Olveig Wilder
DSA vs. IMF SHRUB vs. VEEP I PUIUSIED n 1HE DEMOWDC SOCIAUm OF AMERICA Structurally Adjust This Elections Statement 2000 Electoral Politics As Tactic he National Political Committee consciously chose not to endorse any major party presidenual can T didates. While understanding that for pragmatic reasons many progressive trade unionists, env1.ronmen talists, and African-American and Latino activists have chosen to support Al Gore, DSA's elected representa tives believe that Gore, like the now defeated Bill Brad ley, represents a centrist. neo-liberal polincs which does not advocate the radical structural reforms - such as progressive taxation, major defense cuts, and real univer sal health and child care - necessary to move national politics in a genuinely democratic direction. Gore's strong support for "free trade" fails to intc· grate the need for international solidarity and global regu lation of transnational capital required for egalitarian poli tics at home and abroad. Nor is it sufficient to talk of getting "soft money" (unlimited contribuuons directly to the political parties) out of politics. Corporate influence over electoral politics can only be curtailed through pub A little dim, but he's mtne. lic financing of campaigns and access to free media. It is a sad commentary on the state ofAmerican politics when dyed-in-the-wool conservative John McCain is portrayed toral mternntion takes, whether u be through Demo by mass media as a "progressive reformer" of cam· cranc primary races, non-partisan local elections, or third paign law. party efforts. Rather, our electoral work aims at building Some DSAers may support Ralph Nader for presi majoritarian coalitions capable of not only electing pub dent, if he appears on the ballot in their state. -
Between Great Britain and the Usa: a Transnational Approach to Gaetano Salvemini’S Exile
Annals of the Fondazione Luigi Einaudi Volume LIV, December 2020: 195-214 BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND THE USA: A TRANSNATIONAL APPROACH TO GAETANO SALVEMINI’S EXILE Alice Gussoni 1* ABSTRACT Gaetano Salvemini was one of the most prominent intellectuals forced into exile during the Fascist period. Although there is already a substantial critical bib- liography on his experience, the period of his European exile – between 1925 and 1934 – has thus far been neglected. Archival sources collected in Italy, Great Britain, and the USA call for a reappraisal of this period, revealing that Salvemini managed to gain the support of a transnational network based in Great Britain. The network shared Salvemini’s anti-Fascist views and helped him to devise strategies to coun- terbalance the propaganda machine of the Fascist regime. This article will adopt a transnational perspective, interpreting Salvemini’s exile as a process of mutual influence which allowed him to establish relationships with British intellectuals who played an active role in shaping his anti-Fascist campaign. It will explore the details of Salvemini’s experience, drawing comparisons between his attitude to France and the USA. By analysing the vital role that Salvemini’s network played, this article aims to demonstrate the importance of adopting a transnational perspective for understanding the anti-Fascist exile experience. Keywords: Gaetano Salvemini, Exile Studies, Transnational Anti-Fascism, Intellectual Net- works. Introduction In June 1925, Gaetano Salvemini was arrested for the publication of the anti-Fascist newspaper Non Mollare. Shortly after his release, the charge against him having been cancelled by an amnesty, he was free to cross the border to France. -
Fascist and Communist Alternatives in Catalan Separatism, 1919-1939
THE SHADOW OF A DOUBT: FASCIST AND COMMUNIST ALTERNATIVES IN CATALAN SEPARATISM, 1919-1939 Enrique Ucelay-Da Cal Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona WP núm. 198 Institut de Ciències Polítiques i Socials Barcelona, 2002 The Institut de Ciències Polítiques i Socials (ICPS) was created by the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and the Diputació de Barcelona in 1988. The ICPS is attached to the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. These “Working Papers” -thought of as subject for discussion- are the result of research work in progress. Appearance in this series does not preclude further publication. This paper must not be reproduced without the author’s licence. © Enrique Ucelay-Da Cal Design: Toni Viaplana Printer: A.bis c/ Leiva, 3, baixos. 08014 Barcelona ISSN: 1133-8962 LD: B-8.996-2002 2 The literature on Barcelona-based separatism that came out of the 1930s, seemed to agree that the visible demostration of Catalan radical nationalist strength in the early 1930s was akin to "fascism". Specifically in 1933, a huge debate exploded within Catalan politics with regards to the "fascist tendencies" of a part of the separatist movement and the label stuck, fanned especially by anarchosyndicalist propaganda1. This opinion came to be shared, just to cite a few English-oriented sources, resonant with their influence on later historians, by E. Allison Peers (who saw the Catalan imitation of the military-type organization of fascism), Gerald Brenan (who bluntly perceived "Catalan Fascism"), and Salvador de Madariaga (who spoke of "a colored-shirt corps which it was difficult to distinguish from a Fascist organization")2. Curiously enough, Franco régime partisans could share similar indignation at such a development: the "falangista" Maximiano García Venero referred to a "xenophobe fascism, naturally paramilitary and bourgeois"3.