Il Fuoruscitismo Italiano Dal 1922 Al 1943 (*)
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Chapter One: Introduction
CHANGING PERCEPTIONS OF IL DUCE TRACING POLITICAL TRENDS IN THE ITALIAN-AMERICAN MEDIA DURING THE EARLY YEARS OF FASCISM by Ryan J. Antonucci Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the History Program YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIVERSITY August, 2013 Changing Perceptions of il Duce Tracing Political Trends in the Italian-American Media during the Early Years of Fascism Ryan J. Antonucci I hereby release this thesis to the public. I understand that this thesis will be made available from the OhioLINK ETD Center and the Maag Library Circulation Desk for public access. I also authorize the University or other individuals to make copies of this thesis as needed for scholarly research. Signature: Ryan J. Antonucci, Student Date Approvals: Dr. David Simonelli, Thesis Advisor Date Dr. Brian Bonhomme, Committee Member Date Dr. Martha Pallante, Committee Member Date Dr. Carla Simonini, Committee Member Date Dr. Salvatore A. Sanders, Associate Dean of Graduate Studies Date Ryan J. Antonucci © 2013 iii ABSTRACT Scholars of Italian-American history have traditionally asserted that the ethnic community’s media during the 1920s and 1930s was pro-Fascist leaning. This thesis challenges that narrative by proving that moderate, and often ambivalent, opinions existed at one time, and the shift to a philo-Fascist position was an active process. Using a survey of six Italian-language sources from diverse cities during the inauguration of Benito Mussolini’s regime, research shows that interpretations varied significantly. One of the newspapers, Il Cittadino Italo-Americano (Youngstown, Ohio) is then used as a case study to better understand why events in Italy were interpreted in certain ways. -
The Corporatism of Fascist Italy Between Words and Reality
CORPORATIVISMO HISTÓRICO NO BRASIL E NA EUROPA http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-864X.2016.2.22336 The corporatism of Fascist Italy between words and reality O corporativismo da Itália fascista entre palavras e realidade El corporativismo de la Italia fascista entre las palabras y la realidad Alessio Gagliardi* Translated by Sergio Knipe Abstract: It is common knowledge that State intervention in Italy in the Twenties and the Thirties developed outside of corporative institutions. The history of Fascist corporatism, however, is not only an unsuccessful story. Despite the failure of the “corporatist revolution” and “Fascist third way”, Fascist corporatism since the mid- Twenties helped the progressive development of a new political system to regulate relationship between State and private interests. The paper examines not only the institutional framework (the systems of formal laws, regulations, and procedures, and informal norms) but also their acts and real activities. It dwells upon internal debates, political and institutional importance acquired by corporative institutions in Fascist regime and behaviours of entrepreneurial organizations and labour unions. In this way, the paper aims to point out the “real” consequences of Fascist corporatism, different from the ideological ones. Keywords: corporatism; Fascism; Italy Resumo: É de conhecimento geral que intervenções estatais na Itália nas décadas de 1920 e 1930 se desenvolveram fora de instituições corporativas. A história do corporativismo fascista, no entanto, não é totalmente sem sucessos. Apesar da falha da “revolução corporativista” e da “terceira via fascista”, o corporativismo fascista, desde meados dos anos 1920, ajudou no desenvolvimento progressivo de um novo sistema político para regular a relação entre o Estado e interesses privados. -
Refractory Migrants. Fascist Surveillance on Italians in Australia 1922-1943
Refractory Migrants. Fascist Surveillance on Italians in Australia 1922-1943 by Gianfranco Cresciani Gianfranco Cresciani emigrated University of New South Wales in from Trieste to Sydney in 1962. He 2005, in recognition of worked for EPT, the Ethnic Affairs “distinguished eminence in the field Commission and the Ministry for of history”. In 2004 the Italian the Arts of the NSW Government Government awarded him the on cultural and migration issues. In honour of Cavaliere Ufficiale 1989 and 1994 he was member of dell‟Ordine al Merito for facilitating the Australian Delegation re- cultural exchanges between Italy negotiating with the Italian and Australia. He has produced Government the Italo-Australian books, articles, exhibitions and Cultural Agreement. Master of Arts radio and television programs in (First Class Honours) from Sydney Australia and Italy on the history of University in 1978. Doctor of Italian migration to Australia. Letters, honoris causa, from the There are exiles that gnaw and others that are like consuming fire. There is a heartache for the murdered country… - Pablo Neruda We can never forget what happened to our country and we must always remind those responsible that we know who they are. - Elizabeth Rivera One of the more salient and frightening aspects of European dictatorships during the Twentieth Century, in their effort to achieve totalitarian control of 8 their societies, was the grassroots surveillance carried out by their state security organisations, of the plots and machinations of their opponents. Nobody described better this process of capillary penetration in the minds and conditioning of the lives of people living under Communist or Fascist regimes than George Orwell in his book Nineteen Eighty-Four (1), published in 1949 and warning us on the danger of Newspeak, Doublethink, Big Brother and the Thought Police. -
Machiavelli the Revolutionary: a Modern Reinterpretation
MACHIAVELLI THE REVOLUTIONARY: A MODERN REINTERPRETATION Susan A. Ashley Four hundred years and the space between the far ends of the political spectrum separate the advocate of princely power from the most prominent Italian Communist, Antonio Gramsci. Other than their reputations as in uential Italian political thinkers, little connects Machiavelli, the Renaissance Humanist, to Gramsci, a Marxist-Leninist proponent of proletarian revolution. And yet, Machiavelli gures pro- minently in Gramsci’s work. Gramsci provided a clear, confident reading of The Prince and its relationship to Machiavelli’s other writings, and he drew on Machiavelli’s ideas both to shape and to explain his own distinctive views of power and of revolution. This founder of the Italian Communist Party and Italian delegate to the Comintern used Machiavelli to reinvent Marx. In doing so, Gramsci also turned Machiavelli into a Marxist, his particular type of Marxist. Despite the evident differences between Italy in the Renaissance and in the twentieth century, Machiavelli and Gramsci shared some common ground. They lived in chaotic times, and both enjoyed political in u- ence, then experienced exclusion when power changed hands. In 1494, the citizens of Florence drove Piero de Medici out for collaborating too closely with the French who had invaded Italy. Machiavelli stepped in and played a prominent role in the new government. He served on a committee which advised the newly-established Grand Council on war and foreign affairs, and he participated in a commission charged with studying the creation of a civilian militia. Four years later, the Florentines established another government under the leadership of Pier Soderini. -
Bullettino Della Deputazione Abruzzese Di Storia Patria
BULLETTINO DELLA DEPUTAZIONE ABRUZZESE DI STORIA PATRIA già BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETA’ DI STORIA PATRIA ANTON LUDOVICO ANTINORI NEGLI ABRUZZI (1889-1909); BULLETTINO DELLA REGIA DEPUTAZIONE ABRUZZESE DI STORIA PATRIA (1910-1944) indice generale N.B. L’indice è ordinato cronologicamente dal recente all’antico. Per le annate 1889-1909 si riproduce la serie pubblicata a stampa nel 1974 a cura di Walter Capezzali; le annate 1974- 2004 sono parzialmente tratte dal sito della Fondazione Istituto Internazionale di Storia Eco- nomica “F. Datini”; per le restanti annate la serie è stata completata a cura della Deputazione. a. CVII, 2016 (CXXVIII dell’intera collezione) Ezio Mattiocco, Precisazioni sui confini settentrionali della terra di San Vincenzo al Volturno, p. 5 Maurizio D’Antonio, Due documenti inediti di Corrado IV sulla fondazione dell’Aquila, p. 17 Franco Cavallone, Il Reliquiario del sangue di san Francesco a Castelvecchio Subequo. Tra storia e araldica alla ricerca dell’identità del committente, p. 35 Vincenzo Di Flavio, Antiche croci astili nell’Abruzzo aquilano già diocesi di Rieti e di Ascoli, p. 83 Paolo Buonora, Il secolo d’oro dello zafferano aquilano e la sua eredità, p. 113 Elena Ragonese, La Congregazione di Maria Ss. Assunta ed il Palazzetto dei Nobili a L’Aquila, p. 137 Stefania Di Primio, Il catasto onciario di San Valentino, p. 187 Fabrizio Marinelli, Giacinto Dragonetti e la Commissione feudale napoletana, p. 199 Fausto Eugeni, Fedele Romani viaggiatore del futuro, p. 221 Fabio Valerio Maiorano, Stemma e gonfalone della Regione Abruzzo: problemi di araldica, p. 249 Commemorazioni: Bruno Sulli (Convegno in memoria, contributi di Franco Sabatini, W. -
Giuseppe Mazzini's International Political Thought
Copyrighted Material INTRODUCTION Giuseppe Mazzini’s International Political Thought Giuseppe Mazzini (1805–72) is today largely remembered as the chief inspirer and leading political agitator of the Italian Risorgimento. Yet Mazzini was not merely an Italian patriot, and his influence reached far beyond his native country and his century. In his time, he ranked among the leading European intellectual figures, competing for public atten tion with Mikhail Bakunin and Karl Marx, John Stuart Mill and Alexis de Tocqueville. According to his friend Alexander Herzen, the Russian political activist and writer, Mazzini was the “shining star” of the dem ocratic revolutions of 1848. In those days Mazzini’s reputation soared so high that even the revolution’s ensuing defeat left most of his Euro pean followers with a virtually unshakeable belief in the eventual tri umph of their cause.1 Mazzini was an original, if not very systematic, political thinker. He put forward principled arguments in support of various progressive causes, from universal suffrage and social justice to women’s enfran chisement. Perhaps most fundamentally, he argued for a reshaping of the European political order on the basis of two seminal principles: de mocracy and national selfdetermination. These claims were extremely radical in his time, when most of continental Europe was still under the rule of hereditary kingships and multinational empires such as the Habs burgs and the ottomans. Mazzini worked primarily on people’s minds and opinions, in the belief that radical political change first requires cultural and ideological transformations on which to take root. He was one of the first political agitators and public intellectuals in the contemporary sense of the term: not a solitary thinker or soldier but rather a political leader who sought popular support and participa tion. -
Consensus for Mussolini? Popular Opinion in the Province of Venice (1922-1943)
UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM SCHOOL OF HISTORY AND CULTURES Department of History PhD in Modern History Consensus for Mussolini? Popular opinion in the Province of Venice (1922-1943) Supervisor: Prof. Sabine Lee Student: Marco Tiozzo Fasiolo ACADEMIC YEAR 2016-2017 2 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the PhD degree of the University of Birmingham is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of my words. 3 Abstract The thesis focuses on the response of Venice province population to the rise of Fascism and to the regime’s attempts to fascistise Italian society. -
Gli Antifascisti Al Confino E in Esilio
GLI ANTIFASCISTI AL CONFINO E IN ESILIO Oppositori al confino Nel 1925 lo storico Gaetano Salvemini dava le dimissioni dall’insegnamento universitario, denunciando che la “dittatura fascista” aveva soppresso completamente “quelle condizioni di libertà che sole po- tevano garantire una libera educazione civile”. Il gesto di Salvemini fu esemplare in quanto veniva da un intellettuale di spicco. Lo storico fu costretto all’esilio come altri uomini di cultura, politici e persone comuni. Se questa già era la situazione nel 1925, nel 1926 ogni espressione contraria al Fascismo era ritenu- ta un delitto contro lo Stato e come tale giudicata da un tribunale speciale. Gli oppositori del regime furono condannati al carcere o a un domicilio coatto, il “confino”, in isole o in luoghi lontani, dove gli spostamenti e le comunicazioni erano molto difficili e controllati. Questa fu l’esperienza di molti antifascisti, tra i quali Altiero Spinelli ed Ernesto Rossi, che furono confinati a Ventotene; durante il loro soggiorno coatto nell’isola essi meditarono sulle vicende politiche del Paese e dell’Europa e scrissero un “manifesto” che è considerato un fondamento dell’europeismo (“Manifesto di Ventotene”). Il medico e pittore Carlo Levi dovette lasciare Torino e fu mandato in Ba- silicata: egli narrò gli anni di confino nel romanzo Cristo si è fermato a Eboli. Immagine del priodico antifascista “Non mollare”. I fuoriusciti e le organizzazioni antifasciste all’estero Due socialisti, Carlo Rosselli ed Emilio Lussu, riuscirono a fuggire dal confino di Lipari e si unirono al gruppo dei fuoriusciti a Parigi. Molti degli esponenti più illustri dell’antifascismo avevano preso, infatti, la via dell’esilio (“fuoriuscitismo”) e si erano stabiliti soprattutto in Francia, Svizzera, Gran Bretagna, Belgio, o negli Stati Uniti. -
Interventionism (Italy) | International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Version 1.0 | Last updated 08 January 2017 Interventionism (Italy) By Stéfanie Prezioso Italy entered the First World War in May 1915, roughly ten months after it began. During those ten months, the battle of opinions for and against intervention raged on. Public meetings, demonstrations, and street clashes that occasionally left partisans of neutrality (socialists, Catholics and liberals close to Giovanni Giolitti) wounded put the debate in the public eye. Table of Contents 1 The Various Interventionist Currents 2 Benito Mussolini and “Revolutionary” Interventionism 3 Interventionism and Anti-fascism 4 Conclusion Selected Bibliography Citation 1. The Various Interventionist Currents The complex constellation in favor of intervention linked radical cultural currents with a range of political movements. Its nationalist element connected the idea of Italian expansionism into the Balkans and the Adriatic Sea with opposition to representative democracy and socialism. But there was also a significant democratic/revolutionary interventionist configuration on the left. Republicans, revolutionary trade-unionists, and anarcho-syndicalists saw war as a means to an end, a way to fight the Central European empires, free the oppressed, radically transform Italian society, and end the monarchy. Some also wanted power to pass into the hands of the working class. 2. Benito Mussolini and “Revolutionary” Interventionism Alongside the founder of futurism, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti (1876-1944), and the poet Gabriele Interventionism (Italy) - 1914-1918-Online 1/3 D’Annunzio (1863-1938), both key purveyors of nationalist myths, it was Benito Mussolini (1883- 1945) – expelled from the Italian Socialist Party in October 1914 over his pro-war positions – who became the most important spokesman for the forces that coalesced in November 1914 under the name Fasci di azione rivoluzionaria, with confused slogans that both opposed and championed revolution. -
Meridione, Lavoro, Migrazione, Guerre Ed Esilio: Salvemini Ed I Conflitti Del Novecento Leonardo Casalino
Meridione, Lavoro, Migrazione, Guerre ed esilio: Salvemini ed i conflitti del Novecento Leonardo Casalino To cite this version: Leonardo Casalino. Meridione, Lavoro, Migrazione, Guerre ed esilio: Salvemini ed i conflitti del Novecento. Conflitti, lavoro e migrazioni Quattro “Lezioni recitate”, Seb 27„ 2018. hal-01978716 HAL Id: hal-01978716 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01978716 Submitted on 11 Jan 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. MERIDIONE, LAVORO, MIGRAZIONE, GUERRE ED ESILIO: SALVEMINI E I CONFLITTI DEL NOVECENTO di Leonardo Casalino Alessandro Leogrande, giornalista e scrittore pugliese di grandi qualità, morto purtroppo nel 2017 a soli 40 anni, si è più volte interrogato su come sia possibile raccontare alle nuove generazioni una vita ricca come quella di Gaetano Salvemini. Una biografia, la sua, in cui hanno convissuto la militanza socialista e la direzione di riviste politiche, l’insegnamento e la ricerca storica, l’antifascismo e la scelta dell’esilio a metà degli anni Venti, tra Francia, Gran Bretagna e Stati Uniti. «Quali tasti toccare, quali testimonianze privilegiare, quali episodi raccontare, quali pagine far leggere?», si è chiesto Leogrande nella prefazione a un epistolario tra Salvemini e un giovane intellettuale brindisino (Giuseppe Patrono). -
Transnational Anarchism Against Fascisms: Subaltern Geopolitics and Spaces of Exile in Camillo Berneri’S Work Federico Ferretti
Transnational Anarchism Against Fascisms: subaltern geopolitics and spaces of exile in Camillo Berneri’s work Federico Ferretti To cite this version: Federico Ferretti. Transnational Anarchism Against Fascisms: subaltern geopolitics and spaces of exile in Camillo Berneri’s work. eds. D. Featherstone, N. Copsey and K. Brasken. Anti-Fascism in a Global Perspective, Routledge, pp.176-196, 2020, 10.4324/9780429058356-9. hal-03030097 HAL Id: hal-03030097 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03030097 Submitted on 29 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Transnational anarchism against fascisms: Subaltern geopolitics and spaces of exile in Camillo Berneri’s work Federico Ferretti UCD School of Geography [email protected] This paper addresses the life and works of transnational anarchist and antifascist Camillo Berneri (1897–1937) drawing upon Berneri’s writings, never translated into English with few exceptions, and on the abundant documentation available in his archives, especially the Archivio Berneri-Chessa in Reggio Emilia (mostly published in Italy now). Berneri is an author relatively well-known in Italian scholarship, and these archives were explored by many Italian historians: in this paper, I extend this literature by discussing for the first time Berneri’s works and trajectories through spatial lenses, together with their possible contributions to international scholarship in the fields of critical, radical and subaltern geopolitics. -
Carteggio Pannunzio - Salvemini (1949 - 1957)
Carteggio Pannunzio - Salvemini (1949 - 1957) Camera dei deputati Archivio storico Carteggio Pannunzio - Salvemini (1949 - 1957) A cura e con introduzione di Massimo Teodori Camera dei deputati Archivio storico Tutti i documenti del carteggio Pannunzio - Salvemini sono conservati presso l’Archivio storico della Camera dei deputati Copyright © Camera dei deputati - Archivio storico Indice INTRODUZIONE, di Massimo Teodori ..........................................................I-XVI 1. SALVEMINI, 8 OTTOBRE 1949 ..................................................................................1 2. SALVEMINI, 12 OTTOBRE 1949................................................................................5 3. SALVEMINI, 30 OTTOBRE 1949................................................................................6 4. SALVEMINI, 7 novemBRE 1949 ...............................................................................9 5. SALVEMINI, 25 novemBRE 1949 .......................................................................... 10 6. PANNUNZIO, 3 DICEMBRE 1949 ........................................................................... 11 7. PANNUNZIO, 15 DICEMBRE 1949 ......................................................................... 15 8. SALVEMINI, 14 FEBBRAIO 1950 ........................................................................... 17 9. PANNUNZIO, 22 FEBBRAIO 1950 ......................................................................... 18 10. SALVEMINI, 24 FEBBRAIO 1950 .........................................................................