Component 13: Public Health IT

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Component 13: Public Health IT Component 13: Public Health IT Instructor Manual Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Notes to Instructors This Instructor Manual is a resource for instructors using this component. Each component is broken down into units, which include the following elements: • Learning objectives • Suggested student readings, texts, reference links to supplement the narrated PowerPoint slides • Lectures (voiceover PowerPoint in Flash format); PowerPoint slides (Microsoft PowerPoint format), lecture transcripts (Microsoft Word format); and audio files (MP3 format) for each lecture • Self-assessment questions reflecting Unit Objectives with answer keys and/or expected outcomes • Application Activities (e.g., discussion questions, assignments, projects) with instructor guidelines, answer keys and/or expected outcomes Health IT Workforce Curriculum Public Health IT 2 Version 3.0/Spring 2012 This material was developed by Columbia University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 1U24OC000003. Contents Notes to Instructors ...................................................................................2 Component Overview ................................................................................4 Component Objectives ..............................................................................4 Component Authors ...................................................................................5 Disclaimer ..................................................................................................7 Component 13/Unit 1.................................................................................8 Component 13/Unit 2...............................................................................14 Component 13/Unit 3...............................................................................17 Component 13/Unit 4...............................................................................23 Component 13/Unit 5...............................................................................27 Component 13/Unit 6...............................................................................32 Component 13/Unit 7...............................................................................35 Component 13/Unit 8...............................................................................39 Component 13/Unit 9...............................................................................43 Component 13/Unit 10.............................................................................46 Component Acronym Glossary ................................................................49 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 Unported ........................................................................53 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Public Health IT 3 Version 3.0/Spring 2012 This material was developed by Columbia University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 1U24OC000003. Component Overview This component is specifically for individuals interested in a career in public health. This component will provide an overview of specialized public health applications such as registries, epidemiological databases, biosurvelliance, public health reporting alerts, quality reporting, and how to adopt/use of population health functions for electronic health records and consumer functions for personal health records. In addition, this component will address the potential of public health information technology for health promotion and chronic disease prevention. Component Objectives At the completion of this component, the student will be able to: • Distinguish (draw distinctions) among core functions and essential services of ‘public health’ and ‘clinical care’. • Synthesize key reasons and current contextual factors for providers in clinical practice to improve public health services and practices using EHRs. • Apply health data definitions and standards, as well as privacy and confidentiality issues, in typical public health scenarios. • Summarize the strategies, features, and systems needed for public health agencies to define and build the necessary connections to EHRs as identified by meaningful use legislation. • Describe the roles and functions of existing public health data and health databases and networks. • Identify current needs and future directions for EHR biosurveillance, disaster-preparedness, and situational awareness in improving public health. • Summarize/describe the main role, functions and applications of public health reporting, alerts and decision support systems. • Summarize the role, functions and applications of public health IT for health promotion and chronic disease prevention. • Delineate the critical role of advocacy in adoption/use of EHRs and Consumer functions for PHRs to improve public health. Health IT Workforce Curriculum Public Health IT 4 Version 3.0/Spring 2012 This material was developed by Columbia University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 1U24OC000003. Component Authors Assigned Institution Columbia University, New York, NY Team Lead Rita Kukafka, DrPH, MA Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics (DBMI) and the Mailman School of Public Health (Sociomedical Sciences), and Director of the Health Communication and Informatics Laboratory at DBMI, Columbia University Dr. Kukafka maintains an active, funded program of research and publication in public health informatics while being engaged in major leadership roles in the field. Her research is at the crossroads of Biomedical Informatics and Public Health and focuses on the use of Web 2.0 technologies (social software) to develop and strengthen communities and people-networks, and use of participatory action methods for re- engineering, system design and evaluation. One area of research is computer interventions for chronic disease self-management, health promotion and informed decision-making, patient-focused electronic health records and personal health records, tailoring health communication, and interactive computer graphics for communicating health risk probabilities to patients. Another area of her research focuses on how theory from the behavioral sciences can be applied to advance our understanding and to improve our capacity to implement information technology systems into health care organizations. She is a member of the American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) Board of Directors and she is a past chair of that organization’s Working Group on Consumer Health Informatics. Primary Contributing Authors Lynda Carlson, Ph.D Director of Health Information Technology at Borough of Manhattan Community College (BMCC) Michael Buck, PhD NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYCDHMH) and Associate Research Scientist in the Department of Biomedical Informatics (DBMI) at Columbia University Health IT Workforce Curriculum Public Health IT 5 Version 3.0/Spring 2012 This material was developed by Columbia University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 1U24OC000003. Anna Ritko, PhD Candidate Content Specialist, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Winfred Wu, MD NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (PCIP) Sarah Shih, MPH NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (PCIP) Marlena Plagianos, MS NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (PCIP) Lecture Narration Joel Richards Sound Engineer Acacia Graddy-Gamel Columbia University, New York, NY Team Members Syncia Sabain, EdD Project Manager, Columbia University Elizabeth Oliver, BCC Content Specialist, Bronx Community College Madhabi Chatterji, PhD Curriculum Developer, Teachers College, Columbia University John Allegrante, PhD Curriculum Developer, Teachers College, Columbia University John Zimmerman, DDS Instructional Designer, Columbia University Cindy Smalletz, MA Instructional Designer, Columbia University Health IT Workforce Curriculum Public Health IT 6 Version 3.0/Spring 2012 This material was developed by Columbia University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 1U24OC000003. Disclaimer These materials were prepared under the sponsorship of an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Likewise, the above also applies to the Curriculum Development Centers (including Columbia University, Duke University, Johns Hopkins University, Oregon Health & Science
Recommended publications
  • Eric Brenner, MD – Brief Biosketch: (Update of December 2018) *** Email Contact: [email protected]
    Eric Brenner, MD – Brief Biosketch: (Update of December 2018) *** Email contact: [email protected] Eric Brenner is a medical epidemiologist and public health physician who currently resides in Columbia, South Carolina (USA). He attended the University of California at Berkeley where he majored in French Literature. After graduation he joined the Peace Corps and worked as a secondary school teacher in the Ivory Coast (West Africa) for two years. He then attended Dartmouth Medical School and completed subsequent clinical training both in San Francisco and in South Carolina (SC) which led to Board Certification in Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease. He has over 35 years experience with communicable disease control programs having worked at different times at the state level with the SC Department of Health and Environmental Control (SC-DHEC), at the national level with the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC), and internationally with the World Health Organization (WHO) where he worked for a year in Geneva with the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) as well as on short- term assignments in a number of other countries. He has also worked as a consultant with other international agencies including UNICEF, PAHO and USAID. In 2015 he worked for six weeks with a CDC team in the Ivory Coast focusing on that W. African country’s preparedness for possible introduction of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), and in 2018, again as a CDC consultant, worked for a month in Guinea on a project to help that country strengthen its Integrated Disease
    [Show full text]
  • The One Health Approach in Public Health Surveillance and Disease Outbreak Response: Precepts & Collaborations from Sub Saharan Africa
    The One Health Approach in Public Health Surveillance and Disease Outbreak Response: Precepts & Collaborations from Sub Saharan Africa Chima J. Ohuabunwo MD, MPH, FWACP Medical Epidemiologist/Assoc. Prof, MSM Department of Medicine & Adjunct Professor, Hubert’s Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta GA Learning Objectives: At end of the lecture, participants will be able to; •Define the One Health (OH) concept & approach • State the rationale and priorities of OH Approach • List key historical OH milestones & personalities •Mention core OH principles and stakeholders •Outline some OH precepts & collaborations • Illustrate OH application in public health surveillance and outbreak response 2 Presentation Outline • Definition of the One Health (OH) Concept & Approach • Rationale and Priorities of OH Approach •OH Historical Perspectives •OH approach in Public Health Surveillance & Outbreak Response •One Health Precepts & Collaborations in Africa –West Africa OH Technical Report Recommendations • Conclusion and Next Steps 3 One Health Concept: The What? •The collaborative efforts of multiple disciplines, working locally, nationally and globally, to attain optimal health for people, animals and the environment (AVMA, 2008) •A global strategy for expanding interdisciplinary collaborations and communications in all aspects of health care for humans, animals and the environment 4 One Health Approach: The How? • Innovative strategy to promote multi‐sectoral and interdisciplinary application of knowledge
    [Show full text]
  • Geographic Tools for Global Public Health
    GEOGRAPHIC TOOLS FOR GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH AN ASSESSMENT OF AVAILABLE SOFTWARE MEASURE Evaluation www.cpc.unc.edu/measure MEASURE Evaluation is funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) through Cooperative Agreement GHA-A-00-08-00003-00 and is implemented by the Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, in partnership with Futures Group, ICF International, John Snow, Inc., Management Sciences for Health, and Tulane University. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States government. November 2013 MS-13-80 Acknowledgements This guide was prepared as a collaborative effort by the MEASURE Evaluation Geospatial Team, following a suggestion from the MEASURE GIS Working Group. We are grateful for the helpful comments and reviews provided by Covington Brown, consultant; Clara Burgert of MEASURE DHS; and by Marc Cunningham, Jen Curran, Andrew Inglis, John Spencer, James Stewart, and Becky Wilkes of MEASURE Evaluation. Carrie Dolan of AidData at the College of William and Mary and Jim Wilson in the Department of Geography at Northern Illinois University also reviewed the paper and provided insightful comments. We are grateful for general support from the Population Research Infrastructure Program awarded to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill’s Carolina Population Center (R24 HD050924) by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). The inclusion of a software program in this document does not imply endorsement by the MEASURE GIS Working Group or its members; or by MEASURE Evaluation, the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Estado Actual De La Informatización De Los Procesos De
    MEDISAN E-ISSN: 1029-3019 [email protected] Centro Provincial de Información de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba Cuba Sagaró del Campo, Nelsa María; Jiménez Paneque, Rosa Estado actual de la informatización de los procesos de evaluación de medios de diagnóstico y análisis de decisión clínica MEDISAN, vol. 13, núm. 1, 2009 Centro Provincial de Información de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba Santiago de Cuba, Cuba Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=368448451012 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Estado actual de la informatización de los procesos de evaluación de medios de diagnóstico y análisis de decisión clínica MEDISAN 2009;13(1) Facultad de Medicina No. 2, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba Estado actual de la informatización de los procesos de evaluación de medios de diagnóstico y análisis de decisión clínica Current state of the informatization of the evaluation processes of diagnostic means and analysis of clinical decision Dra. Nelsa María Sagaró del Campo 1 y Dra. C. Rosa Jiménez Paneque 2 Resumen La creación de un programa informático para la evaluación de medios de diagnóstico y el análisis de decisión clínica demandó indagar detenidamente acerca de la situación actual con respecto a la automatización de ambos procesos, todo lo cual se expone sintetizadamente en este artículo, donde se plantea que el tratamiento computacional de estos métodos y procedimientos puede calificarse hoy como disperso e incompleto.
    [Show full text]
  • The Principles of Outbreak Epidemiology
    Field Epidemiology- Principles, Practice & Application Part I Concept of Epidemiology EPI - Upon DEMOS - Population LOGOS – Study of “Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems.” (Last, 2008). Concept of Epidemiology (Contd) • Distribution- within the population – by (type of) person, place and time. Epidemiological Triad of Distribution-Time, Place, Person • Determinants- causes (―risk factors‖) and mechanisms underlying disease. Epidemiological Triad of Causation-Agent, Host, Environment Concept of Epidemiology (Contd) • Control- what to do about the problem? planning strategies, setting priorities, evaluating risks and benefits of interventions. • Diseases- what is it (case definition)? What is its natural history? The Epidemiological approach 1.Asking questions: What, Why, When, How, Where & Who 2. Making comparison The Epidemiological approach 1. Asking questions: What, Why, When, How, Where & Who Related to health events a. What is the event? b. What is the magnitude? c. Where, When & Why did it happen? d. Who are affected? Related to health actions a. What can be done to reduce the problem ? b. How can it be prevented in the future? The Epidemiological approach 2.Making comparison Comparison of two( or more groups) One group have the disease (or exposed the risk factor) One group do not have the disease (or not exposed the risk factor) The epidemiologic approach: Steps to public
    [Show full text]
  • WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards. Second Edition
    WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.2 WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards. Second edition This document has been produced jointly by technical programmes in WHO and by UNAIDS World Health Organization Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response This document has been downloaded from the WHO/CSR Web site. The original cover pages and lists of participants are not included. See http://www.who.int/emc for more information. © World Health Organization This document is not a formal publication of the World Health Organization (WHO), and all rights are reserved by the Organization. The document may, however, be freely reviewed, abstracted, reproduced and translated, in part or in whole, but not for sale nor for use in conjunction with commercial purposes. The views expressed in documents by named authors are solely the responsibility of those authors. The mention of specific companies or specific manufacturers' products does no imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/99.2 Contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................................3 Acronyms .................................................................................................. 5 Introduction...............................................................................................7 National coordination of communicable disease surveillance.............. 8 Explanatory
    [Show full text]
  • Epi Info Community Health Assessment Tutorial-Version3
    Epi Info™ Community Health Assessment Tutorial DOCUMENT VERSION 2.0, PUBLISHED OCTOBER 2005 Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Public Health Informatics This page intentionally blank. Acknowledgements The Epi Info™ Community Health Assessment Tutorial was produced by the collaborative efforts of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Assessment Initiative (AI), and the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH). The CDC is one of the thirteen major operating components of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It is at the forefront of public health efforts to prevent and control infectious and chronic diseases, injuries, workplace hazards, disabilities, and environmental health threats. Today, CDC is globally recognized for conducting research and investigations, and for its action-oriented approaches to issues of public health. CDC uses its research and findings to improve people’s daily lives, and respond to local, national, and international health emergencies. The Assessment Initiative (AI) comprises a cooperative program between CDC and state health departments that supports the development of innovative systems and methods to improve the way data is used to provide information for public health decisions and policy. Through the AI, funded states work together with local health jurisdictions and communities to improve access to data, improve skills to accurately interpret and understand data, and use of the data so that assessment findings ultimately drive public health program and policy decisions. New York State’s AI has been awarded a new five-year cooperative agreement by the CDC to strengthen assessment capacity and practice.
    [Show full text]
  • Model Geographic Information System Infrastructure for Local Health Departments in Connecticut
    University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn UCHC Graduate School Masters Theses 2003 - University of Connecticut Health Center Graduate 2010 School June 2005 Model geographic Information System Infrastructure for Local Health Departments in Connecticut. Lemuel Skidmore Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/uchcgs_masters Recommended Citation Skidmore, Lemuel, "Model geographic Information System Infrastructure for Local Health Departments in Connecticut." (2005). UCHC Graduate School Masters Theses 2003 - 2010. 103. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/uchcgs_masters/103 MODEL GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE FOR LOCAL HEALTH DEPARTMENTS IN CONNECTICUT Lemuel Skidmore B.A., Hawthorne College, 1972 M.S., Indiana State University, 1975 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Public Health at the University of Connecticut 2005 APPROVAL PAGE Master of Public Health Thesis Model Geographic Information System Infrastructure for Local Health Departments in Connecticut Presented by Lemuel Skidmore, M.S. Major Advisor Timothy F. Morse Associate Advisor Paul M. Schur Associate Advisor Barbara Blechner Associate Advisor Ellen K. Cromley University of Connecticut 2005 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I need to thank many people for their support in developing this thesis. I apologize to those whom I missed. First are my advisors" Tim Morse for accepting me as an advisee and guiding me through the process, Paul Schur for helping me chase my idea balloons, Barbara B lechner for her
    [Show full text]
  • Neighborhood Safety Measures in the Wake of COVID-19 for Home Quarantine Waste Generation in India
    International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 11, Issue 5, May-2020 899 ISSN 2229-5518 Neighborhood Safety Measures in the wake of COVID-19 for home quarantine waste generation in India Venkata Ravi Kumar Veluru, Datta Nomitha Veluru Abstract - The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 which had put the entire world under the threat of COVID-19, a form of respiratory and systemic zoonosis [1], [2]. COVID-9 does not have therapeutics or vaccines as of now [3] until then relying on classic public health measures is the only way. The paper is exploring the home quarantine waste management, in the lockdown and post lockdown period of the individuals put on home quarantine. The lockdown measures ensure containment of viruses and also includes home quarantine measures where suspected individuals are kept under observation in isolation at their homes. Social distancing and lockdown are some of the important measures, that the countries took to control the pandemic, resulting in the closure of schools, work from home options, cancellation of public gatherings, etc. [4]. The waste generated from home quarantine needs special care with urgent safe disposal, in a planned way to avoid the spread of the virus. The safe handling of waste, from generation to final disposal level is to be looked at situation centric as the areas under quarantine are different in terms of density, population characteristics[5], etc from one to another. Index terms - COVID-19, Home quarantine waste, Lockdown, Social distancing, Waste disposal. —————————— —————————— 1 INTRODUCTION N January 2020, WHO (World Health interactions between individuals, is redused along O Organization), declared coronavirus COVID- with other containment measures of closure of 19 as an emergency to the public health of public gathering places [6], [8].
    [Show full text]
  • Technologies for Vector-Borne Disease Surveillance
    Technologies for Vector-Borne Disease Surveillance When a vector-borne disease outbreak occurs, rapid response is critical for minimizing the impact on a community’s health. A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based tool that public health agencies can use to visualize outbreak data and efficiently share real- time information and resources with field and operational staff to make better decisions that lead to cost savings and improved community health outcomes. This document features resources that can help public health agency staff: • Identify technologies that can be used to monitor and mitigate outbreaks. • Conduct individual activities that comprise a surveillance workflow. • Learn best practices to support better decision-making at the local and state levels. Disclaimer: ASTHO does not endorse any of the products featured in this document. These technologies were selected because they are largely platform agnostic and interoperable, and because several state health agencies have demonstrated their effectiveness for decision- making. Elements of Surveillance Workflow A surveillance workflow simply refers to the configuration of surveillance applications and tools into a sequence of connected steps. Some of the most common tasks in a vector-borne disease surveillance workflow include data collection, data analysis, and visualization to carry out mosquito adulticide planning, monitor mosquito populations, and carry out service requests. If an agency is already conducting vector-borne disease surveillance activities, adding or upgrading tools can make the current workflow more robust. These tools can be free or open- source, commercial, or a combination of both. However, public health agencies not yet conducting surveillance activities can also explore ready-made workflow solutions.
    [Show full text]
  • GLOBAL METRICS for the ENVIRONMENT the Environmental Performance Index Ranks Countries‘ Performance on High-Priority Environmental Issues
    2016 REPORT GLOBAL METRICS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT The Environmental Performance Index ranks countries‘ performance on high-priority environmental issues. www.epi.yale.edu Yale Center Yale Data Driven Center for International In collaboration with the With support from for Environmental Environmental Group, Earth Science World Economic Forum Samuel Family Foundation Law & Policy, Yale University Information Network, McCall MacBain Foundation Yale University Yale-NUS College Columbia University The 2016 Environmental Performance Index is a project lead by the Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy (YCELP) and Yale Data-Driven Environmental Solutions Group at Yale University (Data-Driven Yale), the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) at Columbia University, in collaboration with the Samuel Family Foundation, McCall MacBain Foundation, and the World Economic Forum. About YCELP About the Samuel Family Foundation The Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy, a The Samuel Family Foundation has a long history of joint research institute between the Yale School of supporting the arts, healthcare and education. In recent Forestry & Environmental Studies and Yale Law School, years, it has broadened its mandate internationally, to seeks to incorporate fresh thinking, ethical awareness, engage in such partnerships as the Clinton Global Initiative, and analytically rigorous decision making tools into and participate in programs aimed at global poverty environmental law and policy. alleviation, disability rights and human rights advocacy, environmental sustainability, education and youth programs. About Data-Driven Yale The Yale Data-Driven Environmental Solutions Group About the McCall MacBain Foundation seeks to address critical environmental challenges using The McCall MacBain Foundation is based in Geneva, cutting edge data analytics and other innovative methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Immunization News 30 September 2012
    Global Immunization News 30 September 2012 World Health Organization Global Immunization News Inside this issue: Optimizing the vaccine supply chain in Benin 2 NEW! TEN Info Sheets on Vaccine Reaction Rates 2 Learning from Solar Successes & Failures 3 Technical Information Launch of E-learning course on Vacc. Safety Basics 3 KFDA/WHO Mtg On Typh. Vi Conj. Vacc. Standards 4 WHO MONITORING IMPLEMENTATION OF 2012 INTENSIFICATION OF Launch of PATH’s new Website on Rotavirus Vacc. 4 ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION ACTIVITIES IN CIREBON DISTRICT, New Global Vaccine Safety Initiative web site 4 Let every child have a name: The road to a world 5 INDONESIA, 19-20 SEPTEMBER 2012 without measles 30/09/2012 from L. Homero Hernandez, WHO SEARO NEW PUBLICATIONS 5 GAVI UPDATE 5 As part of Declaring 2012 the Year of Intensification for AFRICA Routine Immunization (IRI) in the South-East Asia Region, South Africa: an original experience on new 6 all member states, including Indonesia, developed Plans of vaccine introduction and vaccine security V3P Action to intensify activities to overcome barriers for South Africa - Country Needs Assessment increasing immunization coverage in targeted high-risk, low AMP’s Africhol Project: Update on Cholera Sur- 6 veillance in the DRC -performing districts. Proposal for an indicator to measure the capacity 7 of a health facility to provide logistics support to Indonesia identified 36 districts which had the most the EPI number of villages with <80% coverage as part of their 2nd 2012 Mtg of the WGI in W and Central Africa 8 intensification plans and in line with their Accelerated Training Workshop on the Use of the Immuniza- 8 Photo Credit: WHO/ L.H.
    [Show full text]