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Information for Action WHO/EPI/GEN/98.17 English only Distribution: General Information for action Developing a computer-based information system for the surveillance of EPI and other diseases GLOBAL PROGRAMME FOR VACCINES AND IMMUNIZATION EXPANDED PROGRAMME ON IMMUNIZATION World Health Organization, Geneva, 1998 The Global Programme for Vaccines and Immunization thanks the donors whose unspecified financial support has made the production of this document possible. Ordering code: WHO/EPI/GEN/98.15 Printed : January 1999 This document is available on the Internet at: http://www.who.ch/gpv-documents Copies may be requested from: World Health Organization Global Programme for Vaccines and Immunization CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland Fax: +22 791 4193/4192 E-mail: [email protected] © World Health Organization 1998 This document is not a formal publication of the World Health Organization (WHO), and all rights are reserved by the Organization. The document may, however, be freely reviewed, abstracted, reproduced and translated, in part or in whole, but not for sale nor for use in conjunction with commercial purposes. The views expressed in documents by named authors are solely the responsibility of those authors. SDJH LL :+2(3,*(1 Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................vii 1. Information for action and IFA................................................................................1 1.1 Public health survei1lance data provide information for action.................................. 1 1.2 The IFA system ........................................................................................................... 1 1.3 History of IFA ............................................................................................................. 1 1.4 Adaptability of IFA ..................................................................................................... 2 1.5 For whom is this manual intended?............................................................................. 2 1.6 So what does this manual describe?............................................................................ 2 1.7 What does this manual not describe? .......................................................................... 3 2. Elements of a computer-based information system for public health surveillance .............................................................................................................4 2.1 Public health surveillance functions............................................................................ 4 2.2 Examples from IFA..................................................................................................... 4 2.3 Basic data management: Data entry and update.......................................................... 5 2.4 Basic data management: Data cleaning....................................................................... 5 2.5 Basic data management: Maintaining data integrity ................................................... 5 2.6 Consolidation and analysis of the data........................................................................ 6 2.7 Dissemination of results: Feedback............................................................................. 6 2.8 Dissemination of results: Reports to decision-makers ................................................ 7 2.9 Dissemination of results: Other reports....................................................................... 8 2.10 Dissemination of results: Format of presentation........................................................ 8 2.11 Dissemination of results: Feedforward........................................................................ 8 3. Issues to consider when developing and implementing a computer system for the management of public health surveillance data........................9 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................9 3.2 Information requirements............................................................................................ 9 3.3 Data collection system................................................................................................. 9 3.4 Case-based versus aggregated data ........................................................................... 10 3.5 Data organization ...................................................................................................... 10 3.6 Backup procedures .................................................................................................... 10 3.7 System software and hardware.................................................................................. 10 3.8 Complexity of system................................................................................................ 10 3.9 Documentation .......................................................................................................... 11 3.10 Data flow...................................................................................................................11 3.11 Level of computerization .......................................................................................... 12 3.12 Combining data at the more central level.................................................................. 12 3.13 Analysis, feedback and feedforward of the data ....................................................... 12 3.14 Organization of paperwork........................................................................................ 13 3.15 Zero reporting versus no reporting............................................................................ 13 :+2(3,*(1 SDJH LLL 3.16 Completeness of reporting......................................................................................... 14 3.17 Timeliness of reporting ............................................................................................. 14 3.18 Recording completeness and timeliness of reporting................................................ 14 3.19 Staffing requirements ................................................................................................ 15 3.20 Training needs........................................................................................................... 16 3.21 Supervision and support ............................................................................................ 16 4. Aspects of IFA ......................................................................................................17 4.1 Introductory remarks ................................................................................................. 17 4.2 The IFA scenario....................................................................................................... 17 4.3 IFA is 2000 compliant............................................................................................... 18 4.4 Separate data sets for AFP case and specimen data .................................................. 18 4.5 Creating a temporary data set of AFP case and specimen data for ad hoc analysis.. 18 4.6 The ID code............................................................................................................... 19 4.7 Numeric values in IFA data sets................................................................................ 19 4.8 IFA organization of data ........................................................................................... 20 4.9 Backups in IFA.......................................................................................................... 20 4.10 The analysis of aggregate data .................................................................................. 20 5. Installing and using IFA......................................................................................22 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 22 5.2 System requirements ................................................................................................. 22 5.3 If you do not have the required versions of Epi Info and Epi Map ........................... 22 5.4 The installation package............................................................................................ 22 5.5 Check disks for viruses ............................................................................................. 23 5.6 Installing IFA using the menu system....................................................................... 23 5.7 Installing IFA without the menu system ................................................................... 23 5.8 Check path statement ................................................................................................ 23 5.9 Starting IFA............................................................................................................... 24 5.10 The IFA menu ........................................................................................................... 24 5.11 Entering list of districts and provinces...................................................................... 24 5.12 Checking and correcting province names.................................................................. 25 5.13 Checking and correcting district names .................................................................... 25 5.14 Problems with district names when entering data ....................................................
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