INTRODUCTION . TABLE of CONTENTS .Vii CHARLES A
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Packaging of Dairy Products - II
Paper no.: 12 Paper Title: Food Packaging Technology Module-19: Packaging of Dairy Products - II 19.1 Introduction In this module, we will discuss regarding the packaging of butter, ghee, cheese and milk powder. Butter and ghee contains a high percentage of fat, so they are very susceptible to spoilage. So packaging material used should be selected in such a way that it possesses good grease resistance, and barrier properties against oxygen and moisture. Cheese is fermented dairy product, having low pH and comparative higher moisture content while milk powder is dried product, containing very low moisture. 19.2 Butter It consists primarily of about 80% milk fat, 16% moisture and in table butter up to 3% common salt. Because of high moisture content butter is susceptible to mold growth and lypolytic rancidity 19.2.1 Characteristics of Butter 1. Due to high moisture content butter unlike solid fats is susceptible to mold growth. 2. Flavour and odour are easily absorbed by butter from its environment. 3. Deterioration of the butter may take place due to rancidity. 4. Butter has tendency to lose Moisture. 19.2.2 Requirement of Packaging: 1. Non toxic, not harmful to consumer’s health. 2. It should be grease/moisture proof. 3. Shall be barrier for Oxygen. 4. Low metallic content as metals favor oxidation of fat. 5. Shall not transmit light. 19.2.3 Packaging Material In India, butter is packed in bulk as well as in retail packages. For bulk packaging, there is no standard method, and generally polyethylene bags/parchment paper along with corrugated boxes are used. -
Camp Wanna-Read: Program Guide for the Texas Reading Club 1991. INSTITUTION Texas State Library, Austin
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 337 135 IR 015 121 AUTHOR Switzer, Robin Works TITLE Camp Wanna-Read: Program Guide for the Texas Reading Club 1991. INSTITUTION Texas State Library, Austin. Dept. of Library Development. SPONS AGENCY Department of Education, Washington, DC. PUB DATE 91 NOTE 273p.; For the 1990 program guide, see ED 326 245. PUB TYPE Guides - Nun-Classroom Use (055) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC11 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Adolescent Literature; *Childrens Libraries; Childrens Literature; Elementary Secondary Education; Films; Guidelines; Handicrafts; *Library Planning; Library Services; Preschool Children; Program Development; Public Libraries; Reading Games; *Reading Programs; *Recreational Reading; State Programs IDENTIFIERS *Texas Reading Club ABSTRACT Camp Wanna-Read is the theme for the 1991 program for the Texas Reading Club, which centers around the experIences and types of things that happen at summer camp. Each chapter is a type of camp a child might attend such as cooking camp, art camp, music camp, science camp, Indian ..:amp, nature camp, and regular summer camp. The chapters are divided by program and age level. In each chapter there are themes, ideas, and books for programs for children from preschool age through grade two, and grades three and up. The themes are used to unite the literature presented into a memorable whole, and to help with lesson planning. Programs for the grade two and under include books, films, fingerplays, dramatics, puppets, and crafts, and: last for 30 minutes. Programs for grade three and up run from 30 minutes to an hour and include booktalks, films, guest speakers, creative writing, drama, and art. Also included in this manual a::e guidelines and resources for providing services to children with hearing disabilities; clip art; lists of outside resources including outside speakers and music, miscellaneous, and environmental resources; puzzles, drawings, handouts, and giveaways; and guidelines and sample materials to assist librarians in organizing a reading program. -
Tate Report 08-09
Tate Report 08–09 Report Tate Tate Report 08–09 It is the Itexceptional is the exceptional generosity generosity and and If you wouldIf you like would to find like toout find more out about more about PublishedPublished 2009 by 2009 by vision ofvision individuals, of individuals, corporations, corporations, how youhow can youbecome can becomeinvolved involved and help and help order of orderthe Tate of the Trustees Tate Trustees by Tate by Tate numerousnumerous private foundationsprivate foundations support supportTate, please Tate, contact please contactus at: us at: Publishing,Publishing, a division a divisionof Tate Enterprisesof Tate Enterprises and public-sectorand public-sector bodies that bodies has that has Ltd, Millbank,Ltd, Millbank, London LondonSW1P 4RG SW1P 4RG helped Tatehelped to becomeTate to becomewhat it iswhat it is DevelopmentDevelopment Office Office www.tate.org.uk/publishingwww.tate.org.uk/publishing today andtoday enabled and enabled us to: us to: Tate Tate MillbankMillbank © Tate 2009© Tate 2009 Offer innovative,Offer innovative, landmark landmark exhibitions exhibitions London LondonSW1P 4RG SW1P 4RG ISBN 978ISBN 1 85437 978 1916 85437 0 916 0 and Collectionand Collection displays displays Tel 020 7887Tel 020 4900 7887 4900 A catalogue record for this book is Fax 020 Fax7887 020 8738 7887 8738 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. DevelopDevelop imaginative imaginative education education and and available from the British Library. interpretationinterpretation programmes programmes AmericanAmerican Patrons Patronsof Tate of Tate Every effortEvery has effort been has made been to made locate to the locate the 520 West520 27 West Street 27 Unit Street 404 Unit 404 copyrightcopyright owners ownersof images of includedimages included in in StrengthenStrengthen and extend and theextend range the of range our of our New York,New NY York, 10001 NY 10001 this reportthis and report to meet and totheir meet requirements. -
Mountain Pine Beetle-Attacked Lodgepole Pine for Pulp and Papermaking
Operational extractives management from- mountain pine beetle-attacked lodgepole pine for pulp and papermaking Larry Allen and Vic Uloth Mountain Pine Beetle Working Paper 2007-15 Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5 (250) 363-0600 • cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/regions/pfc Natural Resources Ressources naturelles Canada Canada Canadian Forest Service canadien Service des forêts Operational extractives management from mountain pine beetle-attacked lodgepole pine for pulp and papermaking Larry Allen and Vic Uloth Mountain Pine Beetle Initiative W orking Paper 2007œ15 Paprican 3800 W esbrook Mall Vancouver, B.C. V6S 2L9 Mountain Pine Beetle Initiative PO # 8.43 Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service Pacific Forestry Centre 506 W est Burnside Road Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 1M5 Canada 2007 ≤ Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2007 Printed in Canada Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Allen, Larry Operational extractives m anagem ent from m ountain pine beetle-attached lodgepole pine from pulp and paperm aking / Larry Allen and Vic Uloth. (Mountain Pine Beetle Initiative working paper 2007-15) "Mountain Pine Beetle Initiative, Canadian Forest Service". "MPBI Project # 8.43". "Paprican". Includes bibliographical references: p. Includes abstract in French. ISBN 978-0-662-46480-8 Cat. no.: Fo143-3/2007-15E 1. Pulping--British Colum bia--Quality control. 2. Pulping--Alberta--Quality control. 3. Paper m ills-- Econom ic aspects--British Colum bia. 4. Pulp m ills--Econom ic aspects--Alberta. 5. Lodgepole pine--Diseases and pests–Econom ic aspects. 6. Mountain pine beetle--Econom ic aspects. -
Basics of Kraft Pulping
Lignin Wood is composed of many chemical components, primarily extractives, carbohydrates, and lignin, which are distributed nonuniformly as the result of anatomical structure. Lignin is derived from the Latin term lignum, which means wood.1 Anselme Payen (1838) was the first to recognize the composite nature of wood and referred to a carbon- rich substance as the “encrusting material” which embedded cellulose in the wood. Schulze (1865) later defined this encrusting material as lignin. Lignin has been described as a random, three-dimensional network polymer comprised of variously linked phenylpropane units.2 Lignin is the second most abundant biological material on the planet, exceeded only by cellulose and hemicellulose, and comprises 15-25% of the dry weight of woody plants. This macromolecule plays a vital role in providing mechanical support to bind plant fibers together. Lignin also decreases the permeation of water through the cell walls of the xylem, thereby playing an intricate role in the transport of water and nutrients. Finally, lignin plays an important function in a plant’s natural defense against degradation by impeding penetration of destructive enzymes through the cell wall. Although lignin is necessary to trees, it is undesirable in most chemical papermaking fibers and is removed by pulping and bleaching processes. 1.1.1 Biosynthesis Plant lignins can be broadly divided into three classes: softwood (gymnosperm), hardwood (angiosperm) and grass or annual plant (graminaceous) lignin.3 Three different phenylpropane units, or monolignols, are responsible for lignin biosynthesis.4 Guaiacyl lignin is composed principally of coniferyl alcohol units, while guaiacyl-syringyl lignin contains monomeric units from coniferyl and sinapyl alcohol. -
Bottle Trees
Bottle Trees by Daniela Edwards RC Creative Writing Winter 2012 1 For Paige, my oldest sister, most frequent rival, consistent critic, steadfast supporter, and oldest friend. And for Mona, in return for fast friendship and late-night sci-fi marathons. 2 Contents Introduction: A Conceit…………………...………………………………………………4 Gingerbread……………………………….……………………………………………….9 Lasting……………………………………………………………………………………13 Horseplay………………………………..……………………………………………….18 Mag……………………………………..………………………………………………..29 Compulsion……………………………..………………………………………………..37 Storm……………………………………..………………………………………………44 Clock……………………………………………………………………………………52 Doll……………………………………...……………………………………………….65 Bottle Tree……………………………….………………………………………………73 Cellar Wine………………………………………………………………………………82 Nan……………………………………….………………………………………………95 3 Introduction: A Conceit During my last semester as an undergraduate, I took a class called “Creative Musicianship.” Mark Kirschenmann, one of the two instructors for the course, focused particularly upon the “creative” part of the course description. Several sessions of the lab section consisted of him showing the class portions of online lectures about creativity (Elizabeth Gilbert’s TED video is certainly worth a look), talking to us about his own creative challenges – such as a course he took as a college student which required him to compose a new piece each week – and urging the class to discuss our own methods and difficulties. Though I entered the course hoping to get more of a grasp on musical creation methods, I ended up learning a lot about creativity -
Improved Oil Resistance of Cellulose Packaging Paper By
1 Improved Oil Resistance of Cellulose Packaging Paper by 2 Coating with Natural Polymer Derived Materials 3 Feijie Wang1, Liqiang Wang1,*, Xinchang Zhang1, Shufeng Ma2 4 1 Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Advanced Manufacturing Equipment 5 Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, 6 China 7 2 School of Food Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China 8 *Email: [email protected] 9 10 Abstract: Paper is widely used as food packaging due to its good mechanical strength 11 and degradability. However, it has a relatively strong affinity for water and oil, which 12 limits its application scope. In this work, we prepare two types of coated paper to 13 investigate, the influence the air permeability and polarity on the oil resistance of the 14 coated paper. The results showed that reducing the air permeability improved the grease 15 resistance of the coated paper. High surface energy coatings also showed better oil 16 resistance because of their higher content of polar components that resulted in a higher 17 resistance to grease. The mechanical properties of the paper also improved after 18 applying the coating. These natural derived materials offer an alternative to the fluoride- 19 containing materials currently used in the market to improve the wettability of paper. 20 Keywords: coated paper · oil resistance · air permeability · polarity 21 Introduction 22 As the variety of foods containing grease is abundant, the types of oil-resistant 23 materials used in food packaging has diversified in recent years. Environmental 24 protection and safety issues continue to be important, and as a result, scholars have paid 25 increasing attention to paper packaging materials (Coltelli et al. -
Crumpling Feasibility of Flexible Paper Sheets. Application to Packaging in the Food Industry Serge Rohmer1, Alexis Mérat1
KES Transactions on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing I Sustainable Design and Manufacturing 2014 : pp.26-37 : Paper sdm14-028 Crumpling feasibility of flexible paper sheets. Application to packaging in the food industry Serge Rohmer1, Alexis Mérat1 1University of Technology of Troyes, CS42060, Troyes, 10004, France [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Flexible packages are considered as the most-reduced form of packaging in terms of environmental performances. In order to contribute to their development, this paper proposes to explore some mechanical properties brought by a new folding process that confers elasticity to flexible materials and consequently new environmental advantages. The innovative folding process consists in sequences of crumpling actions transforming a 2D sheet into a dynamic 3D flexible structure, without cutting or gluing actions. In order to prove the efficiency of the crumpling process, a methodology is proposed to evaluate the ability of a material to be crumpled. The procedure is then applied on different types of papers used in the food industry, and a study case of a crumpled packaging highlights new innovative functionalities as well as its potential environmental gain. 1. Introduction Sustainability is gradually becoming a worldwide challenge for companies, they are conscious of the growing importance of taking into account environmental considerations in their development strategies. The directives and certification schemes adopted by public authorities [1-3] oblige industries and the packaging sector in particular to face the environmental challenge by developing new strategies and new products. Some propose their own certification to demonstrate their commitment to sustainable packaging. United Parcel Service company (UPS) proposes for example its own certification in its Eco Responsible Packaging Program for business customers [4]. -
PRESS RELEASE Paper and Plastic Sacks Provide Equivalent Shelf Life
PRESS RELEASE 11th December 2019 Paper and plastic sacks provide equivalent shelf life Paris/Stockholm, 11th December 2019: A recent study found that paper sacks and form-fill- seal (FFS) polyethylene sacks provided equivalent protection for cement when stored for 18 months under the same conditions. The study was conducted by the Norwegian research organisation SINTEF on behalf of the European Paper Sack Research Group (ESG), a collaboration between CEPI Eurokraft and EUROSAC. “Since cement hardens when reacting with water, perfect product protection of the packaging is vital when storing cement for a longer period of time in order to conserve its quality and properties,” explains Catherine Kerninon, General Delegate of EUROSAC. “To ensure that our industry meets the requirements of cement producers and can compete within the packaging market for cement, we investigated the shelf life of the two sack solutions that are used most widely on the market: cement paper sacks and cement plastic sacks.” For the study, typical sack solutions of each type were Paper sacks protect the product quality chosen: a standard cement paper valve sack made and performance for at least 18 months of two paper layers of 80 g and 70 g with a 12 μm in storage. Image storage depot: Sika Deutschland, Rosendahl, Germany high density polyethylene (HDPE) free film barrier, and a standard plastic sack made of three layers of COEX PE film (LDPE, HDPE and LLDPE) with a total thickness of 120 µm. Study design Three sacks of each type were filled with the same type of cement and stored in an outside storage house in Norway where they were exposed to ambient weather conditions throughout the test period. -
Built-In Oven HEN201S2Z
Built-in oven HEN201S2Z [en] Instruction manual Table of contents[en]Instruction manual Important safety information.....................................................3 E number and FD number ............................................................. 11 Causes of damage .............................................................................5 Energy and environment tips..................................................11 Your new oven............................................................................5 Saving energy...................................................................................11 Control panel .......................................................................................5 Environmentally-friendly disposal.................................................. 11 Function selector.................................................................................5 Measures to be noted during transport....................................... 12 Temperature selector .........................................................................6 Tested for you in our cooking studio .....................................12 Hotplate controls.................................................................................6 Cakes and pastries ......................................................................... 12 Cooking compartment .......................................................................6 Baking tips ........................................................................................13 Your -
Construction Health and Safety Manual: Pulp and Paper Mills
PULP AND PAPER MILLS 33 PULP AND PAPER MILLS The two common forms of chemical pulping are 1) the dominant “alkaline” or “kraft” process, and Processes 2) the “acid pulping” or “sulphite” process. Acid pulping has generally declined but is still in use. The A number of processes, grouped by type as mechanical, digester liquor is a solution of sulphurous acid, H SO , chemical, and semi-chemical (or hybrid), are used in 2 3 mixed with lime (CaO) or other base (magnesium, the preparation of wood pulp. In 1990 (according to sodium, or ammonium) to form bisulphites. Lockwood’s Directory) the distribution of pulp mills in Ontario and Quebec was as follows: Mechanical processes produce the highest yield from the wood, but have high energy demands. Mechanical pulping Process Type generally incorporates thermal or chemical pre-softening Chemical Processes Semi-chemical Mechanical Total of the wood chips, resulting in lower energy requirements. Kraft Sulphite Some chemical processes include mechanical features. Ontario 94 2 15 30 The division is not distinct and is generally based on Quebec 10 8241 61 efficiency of production from dry wood. Figure 22.1: Number of pulp mills by type in Ontario and Quebec Figure 22.2 provides a flow diagram for a semi-chemical pulp mill. In chemical pulping, the wood chips are cooked, using heat and a chemical solution that depends on the type of Of the chemical processes , alkaline pulping – the kraft process being used. The lignin binder, a natural glue that or sulphite process – is the most common and is shown in holds the wood cells (fibres) together, is dissolved. -
Making a Pinhole Camera
Homework – Autumn 11 Making a Pinhole Camera Your task this week is to make a pinhole camera. You will need to do the following: Ensure you have the correct materials to make your camera (see below) Follow the step-by-step guide carefully. Take a photo of your finished creation for us to see. You DO NOT need to bring in your camera to school. Write a paragraph about the process of making your camera. You will need to include: o What materials you used. o Were the instructions easy to follow? o Was it a success? Were you able to create an image? o Would you do anything differently? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- What is a pinhole camera? The word “camera” comes from camera obscura, which simply means “dark chamber”. A pinhole camera is one of the most basic examples of this concept. Pinhole cameras are made from a lightproof box, some photographic paper and a tiny hole (often made with a pin, hence the name). The pinhole is just an aperture, not a true lens, but because it is so small it will still focus on an image on the opposite side of the box, exposing the photo paper placed there. How to make a pinhole camera You will need: A box with a lid – You can make your own or use a shoebox or similar, but then the lid is on it must not let any light inside. You could also use a wide cardboard tube instead. A roll of aluminium foil or sheet of black paper. Sticky tape. Scissors. A needle or drawing pin.