INDEX

A curriculum, in, 71–74 Abdul Hamid Othman, 44–45 history of, 16–18 Abdul Karim Amrullah, 39 Indonesian graduates, 36–42 Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah Malaysian graduates, 42–47 (), 38–40, 45 methodology, 75–77 Abdul Nasser, Gamal, 25, 27, 29, 66 modernism, 22–25 Abdul Shukor Husin, 44, 46–47 nationalism, 25–28 , 39 religious authority, and, 9–10 Abdullah Badawi, 44 Singapore graduates, 47–52 Abdullah Sheikh Balfaqih, 49 student associations in, 80–82 , 37 al-Banna, Hassan, 28–29 Abrurahman Shihab, 40 al-Hadi, Syed Shaikh, 34–35 Abu Bakar Hashim, 48, 50–51 Al-Halal Wal Haram Fil (The Administration of Muslim Law Lawful and the Prohibited in Act (AMLA), 10, 48 Islam), 31 Ahmad’ Atta Allah Suhaimi, 35 “Al-I’jaz at-Tasryii li al-Quran Ahmed Fuad I, 25 al-Karim” (The Wonders of Ahmed Fuad II, 25 Al-Quran in accordance to Akademi Islam, 15 Law), thesis, 41 al-Afghani, Jamal al-Din, 20, 23–24 al-Imam, magazine, 34 Al-Azhar University, 5, 8, 11–13, Al-Jazeera, 31 15, 29, 34–35, 54–65, 93–100 al-Manar, magazine, 34 Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf, and, 30–33 Al-Mawdudi, Abu Ala, 28 colonialism, and, 18–22 Al-Muáyyad Shaykh, 17 culture shock in, 66–71 Al Qaeda, 6

109

18-J03388 07 Tradition and Islamic Learning.indd 109 1/3/18 11:20 AM 110 Index

Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf, 13 C Al-Azhar University, and, 30–33 Cairo University, 37 al-Waqaí al-misriyya, publication, Caliphate system, 14, 16 24 Camp David Accords, 26 al-Zahir Baybars, al-Malik, 17 career guidance, 86 Ali Abu Talib, 2 Catholicism, 1 alim, 2, 4–5, 10, 14, 37–38, 40, Chair of Shaykh Al-Azhar, 18 45, 57, 98 Christianity, 1, 71 see also civil law, 26 American University of Cairo, colonialism, and Al-Azhar 37, 76 University, 18–22 AMLA (Administration of Muslim conservatism, 6, 84 Law Act), 10, 48 Council for the Development ammiy Arabic, 66 of Singapore Malay/Muslim An-Nasir Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Community, see Mendaki Ayyub, see Saladin Council of Rulers, 43 anti-colonial movement, 22 critical thinking, 76–77, 94 , 46 Cromer, Lord, 21 Anwar Sadat, Muhammad, 26–27, crusades, 16–17 30 culture, and Islam, 7 API (Akademi Pengajian Islam), 15 curriculum, in Al-Azhar Arabic language, 6, 9–10, 15, 17, University, 71–74 55, 62, 70–72, 76, 78, 80, 83, 97–98, 100 D Arab Spring, 27–28, 66 Danish cartoons, 31 Ash’ari school of thought, 75 DAP (Democratic Action Party), “assembly mosque”, 16 46 Ayyubi Dynasty, 16 Darul Ihsan Orphanage, 48 Darul Ulum Deoband School, 45 B daulah Islamiyyah (Islamic State), BN (), 45 7 Bonaparte, Napoleon, 19 Department of Islamic British colonial rule, over Egypt, Development Malaysia, 21, 33 see JAKIM

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Di Bawah Lindungan Kaabah G (Under the Protection of the General Institute of Islamic Kaaba), 40 Culture of Al-Azhar, 31 discrimination, 82, 89 Grand Imam of Al-Azhar, 18, 26 Djanan Tayeb, 37 Grand Mosque, , 8 Grand Mufti of Egypt, 18, 24, 33 E Grand Shaykh of Al-Azhar, 24, Edusave, 11 29, 32, 42 Egypt Gus Dur, see Abdurrahman Wahid British colonial rule, under, 21, 33 H French colonial rule, under, 19 Hadith, 4, 15, 55, 72 “Egypt for Egyptians”, 22 Haji Hashim Bookstore, 50 Egyptian revolution, 66 halal certification, 10 el-Sisi, Abdel Fattah Saeed halaqah system, 32, 72–73 Hussein Khalil, 27, 66, 75 Hamka, see Abdul Malik Karim employment, 77–78, 85–89 Amrullah exclusivists, 6 Hanafi School of jurisprudence, 18, 73 F Hanbali School of jurisprudence, 73 Farouk I, 25, 29 , 37 Fatimah, Prophet Muhammad’s Hashim Abdullah, 50 daughter, 2, 16 Hasyim Ashaari, 37 Fatimid Caliphate, 16, 71 Higher Islamic Religious fatwa, 3, 10, 26, 31–32, 40, 43, Certificate, see STU 47–48 HOS Cokroaminoto, 38 Fatwa Committee, 88 hudud laws, 46 Fatwa Council, 50 First World War, see World War I I French colonial rule, over Egypt, IIUM (International Islamic 19 University Malaysia), 51, 65, Freud, Sigmund, 75 79 Friday prayers, 17 Ikatan Umum Alumni Al-Azhar, fushah Arabic, 66 42

18-J03388 07 Tradition and Islamic Learning.indd 111 1/3/18 11:20 AM 112 Index

Impian Pergas, 88 Islamization, 7, 33 Indonesian graduates, from Israel, 26, 31 Al-Azhar University, 36–42 Indonesian Islam, 8, 39 J “influence of Muhammad Abduh JAKIM (Department of Islamic in , The”, lecture, Development Malaysia), 43 39 Japanese occupation, 37 Institute of Islamic Culture of Jemaah Islamiah (JI), 7 Al-Azhar, 30 Joint Madrasah System (JMS), 11 intellectuals, 3, 20, 34, 37–38, 93 K ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Kaum Muda/Kaum Tua Syria), 6, 84 contestations, 13 Islam Kaum Muda (modernist) culture, and, 7 movement, 39 Malay customs, 8–9 Khedivate system, 25 Malaysia, in, 43 Khedive Abbas Hilmi II, 24 moderate, 55 Khedive Ismail, 20–21 religious authority, and, 1 Khedive Tawfiq, 20–22 “”, 9 Khedive (Viceroy), 19 Islamic boarding school Ki Bagus Hadikusumo, 38 (), 40 Klang Islamic college, 44 Islamic degree, 5 Kolej Islam in Malaysia Islamic family law, 26 (Malaysian Islamic College), Islamic Religious Council of 50 Singapore, see Muis , 38 Islamic religious scholars, see ulama L Islamic Renaissance, 30 LBKM (Lembaga Biasiswa Islamic State (daulah Islamiyyah), Kenangan Maulud), 60, 83 7 lecture system, 32 Islamic Studies Academy, see API Letter of No Objection, 64 Islamic University of Indonesia, 37 M Islamist, 25–28, 37, 39, 46 Madinah University, 5

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madrasah, 5, 10, 17, 55–56, Malaysian King, 43 60–64, 66, 70, 78, 83, 86, Maliki mufti, 20 93–94, 97–100 Maliki school of law, 18, 73 Madrasah Al-Arabiah, 11–12 Malja’ al Aitam, 48 Madrasah Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiah, Mamluks, 17 11, 51 Masjid Al-Azhar, 39 Madrasah Aljunied Al-Islamiah, Masjumi Party, 37, 39 11–12, 35, 47–51, 59, 60–63, Memorandum of Understanding 70, 89, 97 (MOU), 60, 62 Madrasah Al-Maarif Al-Islamiah, Mendaki, 10, 14, 83 11, 35, 60–61, 78 methodology, in Al-Azhar Madrasah Alsagoff Al-Arabiah, 11 University, 75–77 madrasah education system, in Middle Eastern universities, 5, 8 Singapore, 10–12 Ministry of Education (MOE), 12 Madrasah Fund, 10 Ministry of Religion, 37, 41 Madrasah Idrisiah, 44 moderate Islam, 55 Madrasah Khairiah, 48, 53 modernism, and Al-Azhar Madrasah Wak Tanjong, 11 University, 22–25 , 44 modernist movement, 13 Majallat Al-Azhar, magazine, 30 Mohamad Zain Serudin, 35 Malay Archipelago, 7 Mohamed Fatris Bakaram, 48, Malay customs, and Islam, 8–9 51–52, 54, 58, 65, 93 Malay society, 4, 6–7 Mongols, 17 Malayan Royal Navy Volunteer Morsi, Mohamed, 28, 66 Reserve, 49 Mosque of al-Hakim, 17 Malaysia, and Islam, 43 MTFA (Muslimin Trust Fund Malaysia religious curriculum, 8 Association), 60 Malaysian graduates, from Mubarak, Hosni, 26–27, 32, 66 Al-Azhar University, 42–47 Mufti, 3, 9, 43, 53 Malaysian Higher Islamic Mufti of Brunei, 35 Religious Certificate, Mufti of Egypt, 59 see STAM Mufti of Singapore, 13, 48 Malaysian Islamic College (Kolej Muhammad Abduh, 20, 23–24, Islam in Malaysia), 50 33–34

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Muhammad Ali Pasha, 19–20, Tahqiq wa Dirasah”, thesis, 25, 30 41 Muhammad Fadhlullah Suhaimi, NGOs (non-governmental 35 organizations), 42, 44, 50, 94 Muhammad Illaysh, 20, 24 Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat, 44–46, , 38–40 53 Muhammad, Prophet, 2, 16, 33, niqab, 7 55, 72, 97 MUI (Majelis Ulama Indonesia), 40 O Muis Academy, 88 Origins of Islamic Reformism in Muis Council, 50 Southeast Asia, The, 8 Muis (Majlis Ugama Islam Ottoman Caliphate, 18 Singapura), 10, 48, 59, 64–65, Ottoman Empire, 14, 18, 25, 28 81–83, 86, 89, 94 Muslim Brotherhood, 7, 13, P 25–26, 28–30, 33, 66, 85 Palestine, 16, 31 Muslim Caliphate, 19 Pan , Mu’tazilah (rationalism), 75 see PAS mysticism, 38 Panji Masyarakat, 39 Pasir Panjang Primary School, 51 N PAS (Parti Islam Se Malaysia), 42, (NU), 37, 40 44, 46 Nanyang Technological People’s Action Party (PAP), 48 University (NTU), 86–87 Pergas (Singapore Islamic naqib al-ashraf, 20 Scholars and Religious National Fatwa Committee Teachers Association), 50–51, (JKF-MKI), 43–44, 47 81–82, 89, 94 National Front, see BN Perkemas (Singapore Students National University of Singapore Welfare Assembly in Cairo), (NUS), 86–87 50, 80–81 nationalism, and Al-Azhar pesantren (Islamic boarding University, 25–28 school), 40 Nazirudin Mohd Nasir, 28 piety, 4 “Nazm ad-Durar li al-Biqaí pilgrimage, 4, 6

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Plato, 75 Religious Education Unit, 10 PMRAM (Persekutuan Melayu religious elite, 5, 29, 47–48, 58, Republik Arab Mesir), 81 71, 78, 86 political authority, 1 religious identity, 9 pondok system, 45 Revival of Ulama, see Nahdlatul Pope, 1 Ulama (NU) Primary School Leaving Examinations (PSLE), 11, 12 S Prophet Muhammad’s Birthday Saladin, 16 Memorial Scholarship Fund schools of thought, 9, 13, 53 Board, see LBKM Second World War, see World puritan, 6 War II Pusat Studi Quran (PSQ), 42 Sekolah Melayu Kota Raja, 50 Seruan Azhar, periodical, 35, 37 Q Shaping Global Islamic Discourses: Qiblatul ‘ilm (The Centre of The Role of Al-Azhar, Knowledge), 15 Al-Medina and Al-Mustafa, 8 Quraish Shihab, 38, 40, 41, 42, Sayyids, see Syeds 45, 97 Shafie school of jurisprudence, Quran, 1, 4, 8, 15, 17, 23, 31, 16, 18, 64, 73, 93 41, 77 Sharia and Life, television Quranic centre, 42 programme, 31 Shariah Bill, 46 R Shariah Court, 50, 86 Raden Fathu-l Rahman Kafrawi, 37 Shaykh of Al-Azhar, 18, 20, 33, radicalism, 6 75 Rashid Rida, 34 Shaykh Jad Al Haq, 26 rationalism (Mu’tazilah), 75 Shaykh Muhammad al-Mahdi, 22 Registrar of Muslim Marriages Shaykh Muhammad Sayyid (ROMM), 50 Tantawi, 32 religious authority, 1–3, 5–6, Sheikh Abdul Maqsoud, 59 9–10, 29, 40, 42 Sheikh Ali Gomaa, 59 religious bureaucracy, 2, 42–43, Sheikh Muhammad Djamil 53, 86 Djambek, 39

18-J03388 07 Tradition and Islamic Learning.indd 115 1/3/18 11:20 AM 116 Index

Shia, 2, 16, 32–33, 41, 73, 75 Sunni, 2, 5, 9, 16, 32–33, 41, 64, Shiite Ismailiyya school of 73 thought, 16 Syed Qutb, 7, 13, 28–30 Singapore Syed Ahmad Semait, 48–49 centre for Islamic learning, 35 Syed Isa Semait, 13, 47–51, 54, graduates, from Al-Azhar 80, 93 University, 47–52 Syeds, 2 madrasah education system in, 10–12 T Singapore Islamic Scholars Tabung Haji, 47 and Religious Teachers Tafsir Al-Azhar, 38–39 Association, see Pergas Tafsir Al Misbah, 41 Singapore students, in Islamic “Take the Leap” programme, 88 Institutions in the Middle Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wick East, 64 (The Sinking of the Van Der Singapore Students Welfare Wick Ship), 40 Assembly in Cairo, terrorism, 6, 52, 84–85 see Perkemas tithes (zakat), 4, 10 socialism, 38 Toa Payoh Primary School, 50 Southeast Asia, Middle East traditionalism, 24 impact in, 6–9 St Andrews University, 45 U STAM (Sijil Tinggi Agama UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 41 Malaysia), 62 Ulama Association of Malaysia student associations, in Al-Azhar (PUM), 42 University, 80–82 Ulama Council of Indonesia, student organizations, 74 see MUI STU (Sijil Tinggi Ugama), 61 ulama (Islamic religious scholars), Sufi, 2, 15, 20 1–3, 5, 13, 18–19, 22, 27, Suharto, 39, 41 34–35, 43, 51, 55, 74, 93, 95, Sukarno, 39 99–100 Sultan Hassan Mosque, 73 see also alim Sultanate system, 25 Umar Ibn Khattab Mosque, 31 Sunnah, 8, 77 UMNO-PAS conflict, 62

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United Malays National , 37 Organization (UMNO), 42, wakaf (endowment), 10–11, 44–45 19–20, 29 universal values, 7 wasatiyyah approach, 36, 55, 70 University Sains Islam Malaysia Welfare Association of Jawa Student (USIM), 47 in Al-Azhar, journal, 53 University of Birmingham, 51 Western philosophy, 75 University of Damascus, 15 World Fatwa Management and University of Malaya, 15 Research Institute (INFAD), Urabi revolt, 22 47 USIM (Islamic Science University World Fiqh Academy (Rabitah), of Malaysia), 62 47 Usman Salleh, 56, 70, 87 World War I, 25, 28 World War II, 25, 27, 36–37 V Vigilante Corps, 49 Y Yarmouk University, 5 W Wahhabi-Salafi orientation, 6, Z 65, 75 zakat (tithes), 4, 10

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