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Ungkapan Kemarahan Masyarakat Melayu Pontianak Kalimantan Barat

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Ungkapan Kemarahan Masyarakat Melayu Pontianak Kalimantan Barat UNGKAPAN KEMARAHAN MASYARAKAT MELAYU PONTIANAK KALIMANTAN BARAT ARTIKEL PENELITIAN OLEH: SYARIFAH LUBNA F 24111027 MAGISTER PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INDONESIA FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS TANJUNGPURA PONTIANAK 2019 UNGKAPAN KEMARAHAN MASYARAKAT MELAYU PONTIANAK KALIMANTAN BARAT Syarifah Lubna, Christanto Syam, Sisilya Saman Program Studi Magister Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia FKIP Universitas Tanjungpura [email protected] Abstract As the uniqueness of each language, the expression of anger is also something unique and peculiar which is expressed differently depending on the culture of each community, including the society of Pontianak Malay Kalimantan Barat. In connection with this peculiarity, since childhood or nowadays the society of Pontianak Malay Kalimantan Barat do not only reflect dislike, disapproval of things and differences of opinion or understanding through anger, but more than that the expressions of anger also shows caring, affection, love and even conveying advice in the closest environment such as family and daily interactions. There are various expressions of anger in the society of Pontianak Malay Kalimantan Barat including beleter. Beleter is the focus and aim of the research to be described qualitatively. The research sample was 100 respondents selected randomly from the total population of the society of Pontianak Malay Kalimantan Barat. This study applied descriptive statistics. The data collected and disseminated through questionnaires and analyzed through tabulation of statistical product and service solution (SPSS) based on the Likert scale which are: strongly disagree (1), disagree (2), doubtful (3), agree (4), and strongly agree (5). Based on the data, it could be concluded that society of Pontianak Malay still expressing their anger through beleter in the closest social environment and family (86% of respondents agree and even strongly agree). Keywords: anger expressions, Pontianak Malay, Kalimantan Barat, beleter. PENDAHULUAN (1998: 36-44) menyatakan bahwa “when Bahasa sering dihubungkan dengan using the second or foreign language, the emosi. Wierzbicka mengutarakan bahwa emotional component often gets lost; as a “setiap bahasa memaksakan klasifikasi matter of course, writers (or speakers) sendiri atas pengalaman emosional feel more detached and relate to the manusia, dan kata-kata bahasa language as a tool rather than as a Inggrisseperti kemarahan atau kesedihan means of cultural identification”. Artinya adalahartefak budaya dari bahasa Inggris, ketika kita menggunakan bahasa kedua bukan budaya bebas” (1992: atau asing, komponen emosional sering 456).Ketidakbebasan ini tampak pula hilang; penulis (atau penutur) biasanya pada setiap bahasa lain. Sejak kecil kita secara terpisah telah menggunakan dan telah berkomunikasi dengan bahasa ibu berhubungan dengan bahasa sebagai alat, untuk menyampaikan semua pikiran, bukan sebagai sarana identifikasi budaya. perasaandan keinginan termasuk Berdasarkan alasan inilah, bahasa ibu mengeskpresikan kemarahan. William lebih sering digunakan untuk 1 mengekspresikan perasaan terutama atau agak monyong, nada suara dalam keluarga dan lingkungan terdekat. meninggi, bahkan diam. Itu sebabnya, Berbagai macam perasaan dapat keberagaman ungkapan kemarahan ini diekspresikan atau diungkapkan dalam termasuk suatu kajian dan studi yang keluarga dan lingkungan terdekat. menarik untuk diteliti. Namun, penelitian Perasaan itu bisa berupa: kecintaan, terdahulu yang terkait dalam bidang ini kepedulian, keakraban, sayang, bahkan belum peneliti temukan dalam kemarahan. Ada banyak kegiatan dan penelusuran studi terdahulu di aktivitas sehari-hari yang dapat Universitas Tanjungpura. Di luar institusi menimbulkan kemarahan, misalnya Universitas Tanjungpura, terdapat tulisan ketidaksetujuan akan suatu hal, selisih Lubna (2016) yang telah pendapat atau paham, baik dalam dirinya, mendeskripsikan tentang ekspresi maupun dari lingkungan sekitarnya. kemarahan dalam bahasa Melayu Selanjutnya, ungkapan kemarahan Pontianak Kalimantan Barat. Ia yang ditunjukkan pada keluarga dan mendeskripsikan tentang beleter, lingkungan terdekat ini ngambol, nyumpah, nyeranah, dan dapatdiungkapkan secara verbal dan pendek tongkeng. Sebelumnya, Lubna nonverbal. Pada masyarakat Melayu (2011a) juga telah menulis tentang Pontianak Kalimantan Barat, secara bagaimana ternyata beleter sebagai salah verbal marah dapat diungkapkan dengan satu sikap marah dapat menjadi upaya mengomentari kebiasaan orang lain, pemertahanan budaya Melayu melalui meminta orang lain melakukan atau tidak ekspresi-ekspresi kemarahan yang melakukan perbuatan, mengajar anak- diungkapkannya. Nilai-nilai budaya ini anak bagaimana melakukan sesuatu selain mewariskan kearifan lokal dari dalam rangka mencontohkan atau berbagi orang Melayu berusia tua ke orang nilai-nilai moral kehidupan dan budaya Melayu berusia muda, juga sekaligus yang sama yaitu beleter. memertahankan bahasa Melayu itu Béleter adalah berbicara terlalu sendiri untuk dapat terus eksis di banyak, banyak berkata-kata, cerewet, Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat (Lubna, rewel, atau berbicara takhenti-hentinya 2011b). tentang ketidaksenangan atau Hasil penelitian di atas dapat ketidaksetujuan. Pada umumnya beleter menjadi rujukan pengetahuan tentang dilakukan oleh ibu-ibu. Ada banyak hal sikap marah atau ungkapan kemarahan yang dilakukan dan atau diucapkan dalam masyarakat Melayu Pontianak beleter.Kekhasannya terletak pada Kalimantan Barat. Kedua tulisan bersifat penggunaan peribahasa dan idiom yang kualitatif yang mendeskripsikan diucapakan saat beleter. Peribahasa aek bagaimana cara marah atau sikap marah kepalaleleh ke tengkok atau ungkapan yang berlaku pada masyarakat Melayu. ngukor baju di badan menunjukkan Tulisan tersebut juga berpumpun pada kearifan lokal yang berusaha diturunkan pengetahuan dan pengalaman penulisnya oleh generasi tua kepada generasi muda yang juga berperan sebagai penutur asli Melayu Pontianak Kalimantan Barat. bahasa Melayu Pontianak. Ungkapan kemarahan secara verbal Secara lebih khusus, belum ada juga dilengkapi dengan ekspresi yang penelitian yang mengulas mengenai bersifat non verbal, misalnya mata ungkapan kemarahan dalam masyarakat melotot, wajah memerah, bibir mencibir Melayu Pontianak Kalimantan Barat. 2 Padahal, data kualitatif dalam bentuk khususnya dalam bentuk beleterdalam angka dan persentase diperlukan untuk masyarakat Melayu Pontianak mendeskripsikan dan memberikan Kalimantan Barat dapat menjadi acuan gambaran umum bagaimana masyarakat untuk penelitian sejenis dengan ranah lain Melayu Pontianak mengungkapkan yang lebih khusus.Secara praktis kemarahannya dalam keseharian penelitian ini diharapkan juga dapat masyarakat Melayu Pontianak. Ungkapan memberikan gambaran atau kemarahan khususnya dalam bentuk pendeskripsian tentang ungkapan beleter, nyumpah, nyeranah, pendek kemarahan masyarakat Melayu Pontianak tongkeng dan ngambol perlu kita petakan Kalimantan Barat khususnya dalam setidaknya dalam bentuk umum sehingga bentuk beleter. Pendeskripsian yang baik kita dapat melihat bagaimana ungkapan diharapkan menjadi muara yang baik kemarahan masyarakat Melayu Pontianak dalam memahamitentang ungkapan Kalimantan Barat. kemarahan dalam masyarakat Melayu Jadi, untuk melengkapi rumpang Pontianak Kalimantan Barat sehingga data penelitian tersebut, menjadi upaya dalam meminimalisasi penelitimendeskripsikan ungkapan munculnya konflik dalam kemarahan masyarakat Melayu masyarakatakibatnya kurangnya Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat khususnya pemahaman terhadap masyarakat Melayu beleter dalam bentuk deskriptif statistik. Pontianak Kalimantan Barat. Kepahaman Hal ini perlu diteliti sebagai upaya yang baik juga dapat menciptakan pemetaan bagaimana ungkapan pemahaman silang budaya dan kemarahan dalam bahasa yang harmonisasi yang baik dalam hubungan merupakan akar bahasa Indonesia ini. masyarakat multi etnis yang lazim terjadi Pemaparan mengenai ungkapan di Indonesia termasuk di Pontianak kemarahan secara persentase angka Kalimantan Barat. diharapkan juga dapat menjadi rujukan awal dalam pemetaan sikap bahasa METODE masyarakat Melayu Pontianak Penafsiran deskriptif dalam bentuk Kalimantan Barat pula secara umum.Cara statistika deskriptif yaitu cabang statistika marah atau ungkapan kemarahan inilah yang berkaitan dengan prosedur-prosedur yang diulas sehingga menjadi masalah yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan penelitian yang akan dijawab dalam karakteristik data secara umum tujuan penelitian. Jawaban pertanyaan (Kusnandar, dkk, 2019: 10) diterapkan “Bagaimana ungkapan kemarahan dalam penelitian ini. Statistika data yang masyarakat Melayu Pontianak digunakan untuk mengelompokkan, Kalimantan Barat dalam bentuk beleter?” menyederhanakan, dan menyajikan data diharapkan dapat memberikan masukan ke dalam bentuk yang mudah dimengerti. pengetahuan dalam pengembangan Kemudahan dalam memahami data linguistik khususnya sosiolinguistik memungkinkan pengguna data untuk tentang simpulan mengenai ungkapan dapat menggali lebih banyak informasi kemarahan masyarakat Melayu Pontianak tentang karakteristik data, yang biasanya Kalimantan Barat dalam bentuk beleter. tidak terlihat dalam tampilan data Selain itu, pemerolehan data mentahnya. kualitatif dalam bentuk angka dan grafis Berikutnya, metode survei yaitu mengenai ungkapan kemarahan suatu penelitian yang mengambil sampel 3 dari populasi dan mengumpulkan data ini dapat mengumpulkan 161 orang yang melalui kuesioner sebagai alat pengumpul bersedia mengisi kuesioner dan dipilihlah data yang pokok. Penerapan metode ini seratus responden
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