The New TEX FAQ Your 111 Questions Answered Version 2.0I, Date 1997/01/02
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The New TEX FAQ Your 111 Questions Answered version 2.0i, date 1997/01/02 The UK TEX Users Group Committee after the original maintained by Bobby Bodenheimer April 15, 1997 NOTE This document is a version of the FAQ article that was published as the December 1994 edition of the UKTUG magazine Baskerville (which wasn’t formatted like this). The intention is that its content should be available to be fed back into the normal comp.text.tex FAQ posting some time soon, but that work isn’t yet complete. The article is also to be available as a WWW page. Contents 27 What are TFM files? . 9 28 Virtual fonts . 9 A Introduction 2 29 \special commands . 9 B The Background 3 30 Documented LATEX sources (.dtx files) . 10 1 What is TEX?................... 3 31 What are the DC fonts? . 10 2 How should I pronounce “TEX”? . 3 3 What is METAFONT?............... 3 E Acquiring the Software 10 METAPOST 4 What is ? .............. 3 32 Repositories of TEX material . 10 5 What is LATEX? .................. 4 33 Contributing a file to the archives . 11 6 How should I pronounce “LAT X(2 )”? . 4 E ε 34 Finding new fonts . 11 7 Should I use plain TEX or LATEX? . 4 35 TEX CD-ROMs................... 11 8 What are the AMS packages ( -TEX, etc.)? . 4 9 What is Eplain? . .A .M .S . 4 10 What is Lollipop? . 4 FTEX Systems 11 11 What is Texinfo? . 5 36 (LA)TEX for different machines . 11 12 If TEX is so good, how come it’s free? . 5 37 TEX-friendly editors and shells . 12 13 What is the future of TEX? . 5 38 Commercial TEX implementations . 13 14 What are TUG and TUGboat?........... 5 15 Are there nationally-based user groups, too? . 5 G DVI Drivers and Previewers 14 16 TUG Technical Working Groups . 6 39 DVI to PostScript conversion programs . 14 C Documentation and Help 6 40 DVI drivers for HP LaserJet . 14 17 Books on TEX and its relations . 6 41 DVI previewers . 15 18 Where to find this article . 7 19 Mailing lists about TEX and its friends . 7 H Support Packages for TEX 15 20 BIBTEX Documentation . 8 42 Fig, a TEX-friendly drawing package . 15 21 The PICTEX manual . 8 43 TEXCAD, a drawing package for LATEX . 15 22 Finding (LA)T X macro packages . 8 E 44 Spelling checkers for work with TEX . 15 23 Finding files in the CTAN archives . 8 45 The VORTEX package . 15 D Bits and pieces of TEX 9 24 What is a DVI file? . 9 I Literate programming 15 25 What is a driver? . 9 46 What is Literate Programming? . 15 26 What are PK files? . 9 47 WEB for C, FORTRAN, and other languages . 16 1 J Format conversions 16 80 Indent after section headings . 26 48 Conversion between (LA)TEX and others . 16 81 Footnotes in LATEX section headings . 26 49 Conversion from (LA)TEX to plain ASCII . 17 82 Changing the margins in LATEX . 26 50 Conversion from SGML or HTML to TEX . 17 83 Finding the width of a letter, word, or phrase . 27 51 (LA)TEX conversion to HTML . 17 84 Excluding blocks of text from the DVI file . 27 52 Making hypertext documents from TEX . 18 85 Defining a new log-like function in LATEX . 27 A 53 Making Acrobat documents from LTEX . 18 86 Typesetting all those TEX-related logos . 27 K METAFONT 18 O Things are Going Wrong. 28 54 Getting METAFONT to do what you want . 18 87 Weird hyphenation of words . 28 55 Which font files should be kept . 19 88 (Merely) peculiar hyphenation . 28 56 Getting bitmaps from the archives . 19 89 Accented words aren’t hyphenated . 28 90 Enlarging T X................... 28 L PostScript and T X 20 E E 91 Moving tables and figures in LAT X . 28 57 Using PostScript fonts with T X . 20 E E 92 \pagestyle{empty} on first page in LAT X . 29 58 Previewing files using PostScript fonts . 20 E 93 Odd behaviour of \rm, \bf, etc. 29 59 T X font metric files for PostScript fonts . 20 E 94 Old LAT X font references such as \tenrm . 29 60 Problems using PostScript fonts . 21 E 61 Choice of scalable outline fonts . 21 95 Missing symbols . 29 96 LAT X gets cross-references wrong . 29 62 Including a PostScript figure in LATEX . 22 E 97 \@ and @ in macro names . 29 M Special sorts of typesetting 22 98 Where are the msx and msy fonts? . 30 63 Drawing with TEX . 22 99 Where are the am fonts? . 30 64 Double-spaced documents in LATEX . 23 100 ‘String too long’ in BIBTEX . 30 65 Formatting a thesis in LATEX . 23 66 Flowing text around figures in LATEX . 23 P Why does it do that? 30 67 Alternative head- and footlines in LATEX . 24 101 Why does it ignore paragraph parameters? . 30 68 Including a file in verbatim in LATEX . 24 102 What’s the reason for ‘protection’? . 31 69 Generating an index in (LA)TEX . 24 103 Why doesn’t \verb work within. ? . 31 70 Using BIBTEX with plain TEX . 24 104 Case-changing oddities . 31 71 Typesetting music in TEX . 24 105 Why are # signs doubled in macros? . 31 72 Drawing Feynman diagrams in LATEX . 24 Q Recent Developments 32 N How do I do X in TEX or LATEX 25 106 The New Font Selection Scheme (NFSS) . 32 73 Proof environment . 25 107 LATEX 2ε (the new standard LATEX) . 32 74 Symbols for the number sets . 25 108 The LATEX3 project . 32 75 Roman theorems . 25 109 The Omega project . 32 76 Labels on lists . 25 110 The project . 32 77 Unnumbered sections in the Table of Contents . 25 N T S 78 Footnotes in tables . 26 R Perhaps There isn’t an Answer 33 79 Style of section headings . 26 111 What to do if you find a bug . 33 A Introduction monotonous regularity), some public-spirited souls took to writ- ing articles which listed “Frequently Asked Questions” and an- This article was prepared by the Committee of the UK TEX Users swers to them. Many members of UK TUG do not have access Group (UK TUG)1 as a development of a regular posting to the to Usenet, but could be expected to value the answers about TEX Usenet newsgroup comp.text.tex that was maintained for that have accumulated over the years; so we decided to update some time by Bobby Bodenheimer ([email protected]. the list and publish it in Baskerville; we are grateful to Bobby for edu). his permission to use his article in this way. As a quid pro quo, Usenet is a mechanism for exchanging articles between peo- we are making the source of the article freely available, and it ple who share interests or needs2; a newsgroup is an area within can be compiled by anyone who runs a production LATEX 2ε (see Usenet carrying a particular class of articles. Since a com- question 107), and has the required fonts. It is the committee’s mon sort of article asks for help, advice or information, and hope that it will also be possible for the content of this article to since certain of these questions are regularly repeated (often with 1For 1996–97: Peter Abbott, Kaveh Bazargan, David Carlisle, Malcolm Clark, Robin Fairbairns, Hewlett, Alan Jeffrey and Sebastian Rahtz 2Usenet, as its name implies, is a means of using some sort of network; in the earliest days the network was made by stringing together a series of telephone lines, but nowadays Usenet is most often carried over the Internet 2 feed back to the world-wide TEX community via Bobby’s regular printed; there’s never any mystery about what TEX does. Further- posting. more, the WEB system provides mechanisms to port TEX to new In addition, a translation of the article is available on the operating systems and computers; in order that one may have World-Wide Web, via URL http://www.cogs.susx.ac. some confidence in the ports, Knuth supplied a test by means of uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?introduction=yes3 which one may judge the fidelity of a TEX system. TEX and its We have rearranged Bobby’s article quite a lot, and have documents are therefore highly portable. added new questions and answers on the basis of our experience TEX is a macro processor, and offers its users a powerful of answering questions about TEX, writing documents in TEX, programming capability. For this reason, TEX on its own is a and developing macros for TEX, over the years. We have also pretty difficult beast to deal with, so Knuth provided a package pruned it to take account of the changes that have happened in of macros for use with TEX called plain TEX; plain TEX is the world of TEX since Bobby first started. effectively the minimum set of macros one can usefully employ The committee is grateful for help and advice, from the with TEX, together with some demonstration versions of higher- following outside its number: Barbara Beeton, Karl Berry, level commands (the latter are better regarded as models than Damian Cugley, Michael Downes, John Hobby, Berthold Horn, used as-is). When people say they’re “programming in TEX”, Werner Icking, Ted Nieland, Pat Rau, Piet van Oostrum, Joachim they usually mean they’re programming in plain TEX. Schrod, Philip Taylor, Ulrik Vieth, Rick Zaccone and Reinhard Zierke. 2 How should I pronounce “T X”? Further, Rosemary Bailey, Jonathan Fine and Chris Rowley E were members of the committee during the period 1993–95, dur- The ‘X’ stands for the Greek letter Chi (χ), and is pronounced ing which the entreprise of developing this FAQ was conceived by English-speakers either a bit like the ‘ch’ in ‘loch’ ([x] in the and its first version was published, and we are grateful to them IPA) or like ‘k’.