AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP

PROJECT : GRID REINFORCEMENT AND RURAL ELECTRIFICATIN PROJECT

COUNTRY : COTE D’IVOIRE

SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA)

Project Team: R. KITANDALA, Power Engineer, ONEC.1 P. DJAIGBE, Chief Energy Officer, ONEC.1/SNFO M.L. KINANE, Principal Environmentalist, ONEC.3 S. BAIOD, Environmentalist/Consultant, ONEC.3

Project Team Sector Director: A. RUGUMBA, Director, ONEC Regional Director: J.K. LITSE, Acting Director, ORWA Division Manager: A. ZAKOU, Division Manager, ONEC.1

1 GRID REINFORCEMENT AND RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT ESIA Summary

Project Name : GRID REINFORCEMENT AND RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT Country : COTE D’IVOIRE Project Reference Number : P-CI-FA0-014 Department : ONEC Division: ONEC 1 1. INTRODUCTION

This document is the summary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of the Grid Reinforcement and Rural Electrification Project. The project ESIA was prepared in August 2015. This summary was prepared in accordance with Ivoirian environmental and social requirements and the African Development Bank’s Integrated Safeguards System (ISS) for Category I projects. The project description and rationale are first presented followed by the country’s legal and institutional framework. The description of the project’s main environmental conditions is presented as well as options that are compared in terms of technical, economic, environmental and social feasibility. Environmental and social impacts are summarised and inevitable ones identified during the preparation, construction and operational phases of the transmission lines. Next, it recommends improvement measures such as rural electrification, mitigation measures proposed to enhance benefits and/or prevent and minimise negative impacts, and a monitoring programme. Public consultations held during the conduct of the ESIA are presented along with complementary project-related initiatives. The conclusion indicates the project’s acceptability.

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND RATIONALE

The Grid Reinforcement and Rural Electrification Project aims to reinforce power transmission infrastructure to supplement the primary network, ensure its sustainability and at the same time upgrade and balance available power. It is part of the Ivorian State’s electrification programme under the Electricity Sector Emergency Rehabilitation Project (PURE), supervised by the Ministry of Petroleum and Power.

The transmission component aims to: (i) construct a 225/90/30 kV substation at Duékoué; (ii) construct a 90/30 kV substation at Zagné; (iii) construct a 77 km, 90kV electric line from Duékoué substation to that of Zagné; (iv) double to 128 km the length of the 225kV electric line from the existing substation at Soubré to the San Pédro substation; (v) extend the Soubré substation; (vi) strengthen the San Pédro substation and transform Bingerville into a 225/90 source substation.

The project also plans to extend rural electrification to 250 localities not served by the primary network in the wider project impact area (PIA) to address the population’s lack of coverage.

3. POLICY, LEGAL, ADMINISTRATIVE OR INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

3.1 GENERAL FRAMEWORK

The Energy Project’s policy framework comprises the environmental and social policies of such institutions as the African Development Bank and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) as well as those in force in Cote d’Ivoire. The legal framework consists of key legal, environmental and social provisions promulgated by the country. It also comprises applicable international conventions to which the country is party.

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3.2 POLICY FRAMEWORK The environmental policy of the Republic of Cote d’Ivoire is based on its Constitution, many provisions of which concern environmental protection. The country initiated the Cote d’Ivoire National Environmental Action Plan (PNAE-CI), a document which sets out Government’s policy guidelines on the environment. It is based on: (i) sustainable management of agricultural development; (ii) preservation of biodiversity; (iii) management of human settlements; (iv) management of coastal areas; (v) control of industrial pollution and nuisances; (vi) integrated water management; (vii) improvement of energy resources; (viii) research, education, training and awareness; (ix) integrated and coordinated management of environmental information; and (x) improvement of the institutional and regulatory framework. It was applied to develop the country’s Environmental Code in 1996, the Water Code in 1998, and to monitor a series of environmental laws. It therefore served as a basis for the design of a conducive legislative framework for sustainable development. In December 2013, AfDB adopted its Integrated Safeguards System (ISS) to consolidate and modernize the environmental and social safeguards in force. The ISS rests on previous safeguard policies. Its objectives are to: (i) better harmonise safeguards with new Bank policies and strategies; (ii) adopt international good practices, including on climate change; (iii) adapt policy implementation to an ever-changing array of lending products and innovative financing methods; (iv) work towards better harmonization of safeguard practices among multilateral financial institutions; (v) adopt customized safeguard methods tailored to diverse clients with diverse capacities; and (vi) improve internal processes and resource allocation. 3.3 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK The country’s regulatory framework is directly linked to and/or associated with environmental and social themes: (i) Law No. 96-766 on the Environmental Code; (ii) Decree No. 96-894 laying down rules and procedures applicable to environmental impact assessments of development projects; (iii) Decree No. 97-393 establishing ANDE; (iv) Decree No. 2005-03 on environmental audit. The legal mechanism for expropriation for reasons of public interest is enshrined in: (v) the Decree of 25 November 1930; (vi) Law No. 98-750 on rural land and the associated Decree No. 99-594 laying down terms and conditions for its implementation; (vii) Decree No. 2013-224 of 22 March 2013 regulating redemption of customary rights on land for general interest; (viii) Law No. 94-442 of 16 August 1994 on the protection of wildlife and practice of hunting, Annexes I, II and III of which identifies a set of fully protected and partially protected species; (ix) Law No. 2000-16 of 20 November 2000 instituting the Forestry Code; (vi) Law No. 23/62 fixing rates and rules of collection of land taxes and investigation fees related to dangerous, insanitary and nuisance-causing establishments; (vii) Law No. 65-425 to instituting Part II of the Forestry Code; (viii) Law No. 98-755 of 23 December 1998 instituting the Water Code and sets targets for preserving the quality of ground and surface water. Law No. 95-15 of 12 January 1995 instituting the Labour Code, amended by Law No. 97-400 of 11 July 1997 regulates employer-employee relations, defines conditions for ensuring measures of hygiene, safety and health at the work place and Law No. 88-651 of 7 July 1988 relating to the protection of public health. 3.4 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK The Ivorian Government comprises several ministries which assume and exercise specific responsibilities. Ministers have powers to authorize developments in administrative spheres that are under their jurisdiction. The ministries include: (i) the Ministry of Petroleum and Power (MPE); (ii) the Ministry of the Environment, Urban Sanitation and Sustainable Development; (iii) the Ministry of Water and Forestry (MINEF); (iv) the Ministry of Agriculture (MINAGRA), and (v) the Ministry in charge of Construction, Housing, Sanitation and Town Planning (MCLAU).

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Structures under supervision are: (i) the Cote d’Ivoire Power Company (CI-ENERGIES); (ii) the National Environment Agency (ANDE); and (iii) Ivorian Parks and Reserves Authority (OIPR).

4 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ENVIRONMENT

4.1 PROJECT AREA

The project area covers four (4) administrative regions (“Départements”) of Cote d’Ivoire: Gbémon, comprising the town of Duékoué; Cavally, comprising the locality of Zagné; Nawa, comprising the locality of Soubré; and San Pédro comprising the town of San Pédro, as well as the District of Abidjan for the Bingerville substation. The project’s direct target area comprises the Douékoué, Zagny and Bingerville substations as well as the corridors of the Douékoué- Zagny and Soubré-San Pédro lines, including connections.

Figure 1 Project Area

4.2 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS The project area falls within the sub-equatorial climate zone with mean annual rainfall of over 1,600 mm. Rainfall diminishes gradually from 2,000 mm/year to 1,700 mm/year as one moves from South to North. The analysis of normal 1971-2000 versus 1961-1990 values shows an average 6% reduction of peak rainfall across the country with significant drop of 13% in the South-West and 11% in the South-East. There has been a significant shortage of rainfall since the 1980s compared to the 1951-1980 average. Rainfall in the study area is characterised at Soubré, Douekoué and Zagny by a first rainy season (major rainy season) which runs from March to June, with maximum totals recorded in June, and a second (minor rainy season) which runs from September to October. Between these

4 GRID REINFORCEMENT AND RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT ESIA Summary two rainy seasons, total monthly rainfall in the dry season is below 120 mm. This type of rainfall system is characteristic of the equatorial climate. At San Pédro, the major rainy season starts in April and ends in July, with peak rainfall in June (about 380 mm). The minor rainy season is in October and November and the average monthly total hardly exceeds 130 mm. The two dry seasons seem more marked than in Soubré. Temperatures are virtually constant throughout the year in Douekoué, Zagny and Soubré region as in San Pédro. They stand at an average of about 25°C with weak annual amplitude of +/-3 °C. Insulation is high in the PIA. The monthly average in Soubré is higher throughout the year than in San Pédro region (except in October and November). Dominant South-South-westerly winds seldom exceed twenty kilometres per hour in San Pédro, whose substation is under marine influence. Harmattan winds, felt irregularly as from December, are associated with the major dry season. In contrast, the humid monsoon wind is associated with the rainy season. The reliefs crossed comprise undulated peneplains. Average altitudes range between 200 and 400 metres. Topographic units consist of valleys, plains and plateaus. Valleys are made up of often extended low-lying areas with relatively steep basins and drained by temporary or perennial watercourses. Plateaus observed are mountain benches characterized by their high altitudes and cut by steep-sided valleys. Geology: Between Duékoué and Zagné, the geology is dominated by a series of embedded rocks generally composed of biotic granites and mylonites covered by a mantle of pisolitic chalybeate elements more or less associated with bechic quartziferous elements. The substrate is of the lateritic type, characterised by the absence of a chalybeate hardpan. The standard profile is the following: (i) pisolitic level of variable thickness (0.20 to 1.5 m), with fine pisoliths (aggregates of minerals) and quartzo-chalybeate rubble rock, cemented by red clay rock; (ii) red lateritic rock, often with bright yellow spots, of equally variable thickness; (iii) red, white- spotted clay with the original rock structure still intact and with sandstones or clear-coloured kaolinic zones. Between Soubré and San Pédro, Birimian geological formations are composed of rocks with intense metamorphism and mesozonal rocks of uncertain stratigraphic position. The presence of volcanic-sedimentary rocks represented by quartz-rock, shale and tuff is also noted. Heterogeneous biotic granitic rocks and 2-mica sub-alkaline granatic rocks, from lower Proterozoic, are dominant in Soubré zone and midway on the HV line itinerary. The hydrographic network between Cavally River and Sassandra River is dense and characterised by three sub-basins: (i) the Guemon sub-basin draining the Duékoué zone; (ii) the N’Zo sub-basin draining the Guiglo zone (note that Guémon and N’zo are both tributaries of Sassandra River); and (iii) the N’zé sub-basin draining the Zagné and Taï zone. Unlike the first two, the latter is a tributary of Cavally River. Due to high rainfall in the zone, most watercourses have a permanent flow regimen. Some rivers, drains and streams dry up during the low water- level period. At some points, loose valleys form riparian strips (ponds, marshes…) which hold large volumes of water in the rainy season. They are characterised by aquifers fractured from the basement or alterite and fissure aquifers. Alteration zones are thick and can contain significant water movements. The doubling of the Soubré-San Pédro HV line crosses, via the same corridor, a hydrographic network which has mostly temporary watercourses, with just two permanent ones – the Nanie and Louo.

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4.3 BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

4.3.1 Wildlife and Biodiversity

Regarding the Soubré-San Pédro line, all sampled habitats in the extended study area (a 20 km strip) revealed 197 bird species, distributed into 51 families. One species observed – the Psittacus erithacus or Grey parrot (Timneh) – is classified as “vulnerable” (VU) by IUCN criteria (version 2013.2) and therefore considered as endangered. Similarly, two species considered as ‘near-threatened’ (NT) by IUCN were registered: (i) the green-tail Bulbul or Bleda eximius; and (ii) bronze-tail starling or Lamprotornis cupreocauda.

The Soubré-San Pédro HV line does not cross any classified forest. Although situated close to the study area (5 km from the San Pédro substation), the Monogaga classified forest is not affected by this project. The same applies to the ‘RAPID GRAH’ classified forest which is about 3 km from the line itinerary and the San Pédro substation (see map below).

In terms of vulnerability of forests situated near the corridor, five identified species feature on the species list whose protection is of global interest: one species (the jaco parrot or Psittacus erithacus) in the vulnerable (VU) category, three species (green-tail Bulbul -Bleda eximius), reddish-brown-winged Akalat (Illadopsis rufescens) and bronze tail starling (Lamprotornis cupreocauda)) in the near-threatened (NT) category and one species (the yellow-footed honeyguide - Melignomon eisentrauti)) in the data-deficient (DD) category.

In the Duékoué-Zagné line corridor, all sampled habitats made it possible to identify 173 bird species, making a total bird population of 3,017 individuals divided into 44 families. The most representative family from the point of view of specific population is the Pycnonotidae with 18 species. Next are the Cuculidae, Nectariniidae, Ploceidae and Sylvidae families, each with 11 species; and then the Accipitridae family with 10 species. These six main families make up over one-third of the number of bird species in this study area.

The species with the largest population is the crow (Corvus albus), followed by the village weaver bird (Ploceus cucullatus), the laughing dove (Streptopelia senegalensis) and the black weaver bird (Ploceus nigerrimus). These five species account for 16.87% of the total bird population observed in the extended study area.

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DUEKOUE

ZAGNE

SOUBRÉ

(i) Avifauna of the Duékoué-Guiglo section: All the habitats sampled on this section helped in identifying 514 individuals from 47 bird species (Annex IV). This accounts for 17.03% and 27.17% in terms of number of individuals and species in the study area, respectively. The crow (Corvus albus) (57 individuals) and the bronze mannikin (Spermestes cucullatus) (45 individuals) are the largest species in terms of abundance on this section.

(ii) Avifauna of the Guiglo-Zagne section: Eight hundred and seventy-eight (878) individuals (or 29.10 %) from 68 species (or 39.31 %) were identified on this section. The crow (Corvus albus) with 78 individuals and the laughing dove (Streptopelia senegalensis) with 70 individuals are the most abundant.

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(iii) Aquatic Fauna: The region’s watercourses contain fish species that are characteristic of the Sassandra River and Lake Buyo, including tilapia (Tilapia heudelottiis), airus gabensis (Chrysychthys sp) and catfish (Clarias, sp.). These watercourses have a variety of micro-habitats: stream currents, bank contact areas, small tributaries comprising stagnant waters, etc. Some poorly anthropised sections, associated with forest corridor on banks and well oxygenated water, offer a diversity of habitats for aquatic fauna. Lentic aquatic habitats specific to marshy and pond-type environments, in which characteristic aquatic life thrives, are present in the study area. Forty-five (45) mammal species were identified.

(iv) Land fauna: This is divided into seven taxonomic groups: insectivores, primates, rodents, carnivores, artiodactyla, hyracoida, pholidota and chiroptera with various population sizes in terms of species. Among these taxonomic groups, rodents are the most dominant with nearly half the total number of species identified. In decreasing order of importance, taxonomic groups by numerical strength are as follows: rodents (46.67%); chiroptera (17.78%); insectivores and carnivores each with 8.89%; primates and artiodactyla (6.67% each); pholidota and hyracoidea with 2.22% each. It is noteworthy that none of these species feature on IUCN’s Red List of endangered species. They all fall in the ‘least concern’ (LC) category. Inventories show very little signs of the presence of large mammals. This is attributable to the presence of open habitat due to the closeness of existing roads and the presence of an already existing electric line (Soubré – San Pédro).

4.3.2 Flora:

The vegetation comprises a mosaic of vestiges of degraded secondary forest (which might accidentally host some rare ecologically-significant, special-status species), fallow land, plantations and fields, each having its own components. In the study area, rubber plantations occupy the largest proportion of forest cover, estimated at over 65%. Rice is grown on most of the marshy land. Scanty, much degraded secondary forest and fallow land occupy the remainder of the forest cover.

Surveys helped to sample 24 sites and identify 328 vascular plant species (trees, shrubs, liana, herbaceous crops, etc.). These fall under 72 families and 228 genera. The most representative families in terms of number of species are: Euphorbiaceae, with 25 species (7.6%), Rubiaceae with 22 species (6.7%), Poaceae with 20 species (6%) and Fabaceae and Caesalpiniaceae each with 15 species (4.5%), or 29.3%. The other families share about 70.7%, with a number of species comprised between 1 and 10.

Although the zone of the Soubré-San Pédro line also has a mosaic of habitats, it is essentially composed of crop/fallow land (over three-quarters of the study area) and degraded forest. It is characterised by relatively open landscape due to the high human impact factor in the zone, with the presence of a few zones of dense residual forest in particular along watercourses and on islets.

The Soubré – San Pédro HV line does not cross a classified forest. However, given its closeness, at the study area boundary, the Monogaga classified forest is taken into account in the impact assessment, considering the bird species it hosts. The same is true of the ‘RAPID GRAH’ classified forest situated laterally at about 6 km of the line itinerary and the San Pédro substation.

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Thus, according to the IUCN list, four species are inventoried in Soubré forest (situated 15 km to the East of the town), outside the project area. They are considered as threatened with extinction and all are classified ‘vulnerable’ (VU): (i) Anopyxis kalineana; (ii) Milicia regia; (iii) Nauclea diderrichii; and (iv) Nesogordonia papaverifera. It is noteworthy that Milicia regia features on the Aké Assi list (1998), given the local status. As such, it is considered as rare or endangered in Cote d’Ivoire. Further, no species that is endemic to Ivorian flora was identified.

4.4 HUMAN ENVIRONMENT

The population of project sub-prefectures/communes was estimated at over 1,212,690 in May 2014, or 12.96% of the population of regions comprising the PIA (Montagnes, Bas Sassandra and Abidjan) estimated at 9,359,872 people, 48.35% of them women, for a population of 22,671,331 for the whole of Cote d’Ivoire.

Table 1 Population Département S/prefecture Male Female Total M/F Ratio Abidjan Bingerville 44,322 46,997 91,319 51.46% Duékoué Duékoué 97,503 87,841 185,344 47.39% Guiglo Guiglo 61,475 52,321 113,796 45.98% Taï Zagné 39,057 31,963 71,020 45.01% Soubré Soubré 93,373 81,790 175,163 46.69% Méagui Oupoyo 37,181 35,025 72,206 48.51% Méagui 68,677 63,616 132,293 48.09% San Pédro Gabiadji 58,178 51,755 109,33 47.08% San Pédro 136,288 125,328 261,616 47.91% Total 636,054 576,636 1,212,690 47.55% All Cote d'Ivoire 11,716,826 10,954,505 22,671,331 48.32%

Social Organisation

Originally from Krou, the indigenous peoples of the region form a lineage-type patrilineal society where residence is patrilocal and marriage viri-local. These are the Wè (precisely the Guéré). They are organised in cantons and operate with this system. Central power is absent here and all political relations among territorial segments are settled by lineage. Kinship plays a central role because the only real authority that is not questioned is the one vested in the oldest member of the lineage. Traditional socio-political organisation is based on territorial units comprising cantons, tribes, village and also families. These are headed by chiefs who are designated either by heritage or election, depending on the canton concerned.

Education and Health Situation

In all 4 départements, general education has a total of 647 schools: 39 for the pre-school cycle (30 public and 9 private), 561 in the primary (523 public and 38 private) and 47 in secondary cycle (12 public and 35 private). The number of schools identified is not commensurate with the number of school-going children, which results in overcrowded classrooms. To meet the people’s aspirations, the Government built several school infrastructure through the Basic Education Attendance Support Programme (PPU), including eleven (11) primary schools and two (2) colleges in Soubré Department to support local authorities.

As concerns doubling of the Soubré-San Pédro line, 3 educational institutions were identified on the HV line corridor: 1 public primary school at Gabiadji, 1 private primary school at Touagui, and 1 koranic school at Touih.

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In terms of health, the départements are equipped with regional hospital centres and rural health centres in virtually all localities. Several public health institutions are present in the PIA, including the San Pédro Regional Hospital Centre (CHR) which is the referral hospital of Bas Sassandra District and has several specialized services (general medicine, paediatrics, surgery, maternity, gynaecology, ophthalmology, dentistry unit, medical test laboratory, pharmacy PSP, mortuary, etc.). These are supplemented by private structures including small clinics, a few authorized infirmaries and a plethora of others that are unauthorized. There are also pharmacies and drugs depots.

Endemic diseases that are the leading causes of mortality in project localities are mainly malaria, tuberculosis and sexually transmissible diseases.

The HIV/AIDS-related indicators show that its spread has generally been brought under control. The HIV/AIDS prevalence rate dropped from 6.9% in 2000 to 3.7% in 2008 (UNGASS). These results are attributable to an increased supply of prevention and care services, and better national response coordination and monitoring/evaluation. Despite these results, much remains to be done in the fight against HIV/AIDS, especially in terms of helping to improve the quality of care and the treatment success rate.

Access to ICTs

The presence of communication and telecommunication networks (fixed telephony, mobile telephony and internet) of the main operators, namely Côte d'Ivoire Télécom/Orange, MTN and Moov, has facilitated communication in urban centres and in most villages and camps. Post offices also exist for the posting and distribution of mail. It is also worth noting that for some years now, transport companies such as UTB, TKB and AMT have their own internal mail and money-transfer services. In addition, the local population of the zone benefit from money transfer services from various road transport companies.

Access to Electricity

Douekoué locality is supplied via a 33kV line connected to the 225kV substation at Man. Saturation on this line (serving the Logoualé, Bangolo, Zagné and Bloléquin localities) causes service interruptions, exacerbated by population growth. This leads to voltage drops and recurrent power outages. To address these deficiencies, some people procure generators to boost their supply.

At Zagny, supply is through an electric line connected to the 225kV substation in Man. However, this supply is not regular and the locality sometimes goes for one week without electricity.

The area between Soubré and San Pédro already has a 225kV transmission line currently operated in 90kV. It runs from the Soubré substation to San Pédro, over a total linear distance of 247 km, including 92 km of LV network and 155 km of MV network. The San Pédro substation has constant power of 60,000 KW.

The cities and sub-prefecture headquarters of départements crossed by this line enjoy electricity. In 2013, many households therein were connected to the CIE network, 3,382 of them in Méagui and 4,440 in San Pédro. Also, 29% of rural localities in the entire Bas Sassandra District had electricity.

Although the electrification effort continues, it remains insufficient considering the population increase and the extension of various localities. These installations are operated by the Ivorian Electricity Company (CIE) and are remotely controlled from the National Dispatching Centre

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(“Dispatching National”), situated in Abidjan. The map of the electricity access rate is presented in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Electricity Access Rate

Economic Activities

The dominant perennial crops in the PA are, in order of importance: cocoa (171,225 ha), coffee (25,560 ha), oil palm (11,083 ha of rural plantations and industrial plantations managed by SIPEFCI) and rubber (6,945 ha). They are the backbone of the commercial economy and account for 80% of monetary income.

The foodstuffs most commonly encountered include rice (rain-fed, marsh-grown and irrigated rice), cassava, yam, maize, plantain and sweet potato. Market gardening crops include aubergine, okra, pepper, cabbage, cucumber and lettuce. These agricultural activities are mainly undertaken by women.

Livestock production, a sector of activity that is undeveloped in the region, remains very traditional and artisanal. Key animals reared in these localities are cattle, sheep, goats, poultry and pigs. This activity is undertaken by non-indigenes (cattle, sheep, and goats) and indigenes (poultry and pigs).

Fishery resources come essentially from small-scale fishing undertaken in the region’s rivers – Sassandra and N’zo – by fishermen most of who are Malians (commonly called “bozo”), the Malinkés and settlers from ECOWAS countries (especially Burkina Faso and Ghana). In San Pédro Département, over 99% of fishing is practised by nationals of neighbouring countries. This fishing activity is supplemented by numerous fish-farming ponds in départements crossed, especially in Soubré and Méagui where 2,033 fish-farming ponds covering a total area of 68.88 ha and 579 fish-farmers were identified in 2002. These are found in villages and camps such as Gnipy, CEDAR and Pierrekro. Species grown are tilapia and catfish.

Forest exploitation schemes (PEF) are large areas of rural land averaging 35,000 ha granted to authorised forest exploiters. In 2013, the annual production of PEFs in Bas Sassandra District was 49,820 m3.

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The industrial sector is one of the pillars of the PIA economic vitality. The départéments crossed have a number of industrial units. Industries such as TANRI in Douékoué (timber processing company), and CHC and BTA in Zagné, are the pride of the project localities due to their significant contribution to local development. The same is true of those in San Pédro, which were created and installed there largely because of the presence of the port.

Cultural Heritage

Cemeteries in Brazzaville and Gnity Ecole Villages were identified in the HV line corridor.

5 PRESENTATION AND SELECTION OF PROJECT OPTION

5.1 NO PROJECT SCENARIO

The Ivorian economy still depends heavily on fossil fuels and timber for energy. It continues to suffer from a significant shortage of power generation and a higher foreign exchange bill which is increasingly hard to bear. The huge chronic power losses the country suffers today are due to an imbalanced network and sub-stations stretched to the limit of their potential and capacity. Failure to undertake the project would be tantamount to blocking the country’s economic development and consequently its poverty reduction efforts.

5.2 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES

The Douekoué-Zagné line is a new creation. It was subject to alternative route studies and is coupled to the Douékoué and Zagné substations. For its part, the Soubré-San Pédro line exists and was the subject of doubling for which localized alternatives were studied.

Concerning the Douekoué-Zagne line, three (3) alternative routes of the initial line were defined based on site reconnaissance and route selection studies acceptable at the technical, environmental and socio-economic levels.

 Route Alternatives 1 and 2: The main constraint of this route relates to the crossing of Lake Buyo situated at Buyo and Gbapleu. Furthermore, access roads to the expected route are virtually impassable. This presents major technical constraints for line construction and maintenance. Of the two itineraries, Alternative 1 was the more favourable option.

 Route Alternative 3: It passes through the Nzo wildlife reserve which is under the responsibility of the Ivorian Parks and Reserves Authority (OIPR). This alternative was abandoned.

The route alternatives are illustrated in Figure 3 below.

12 GRID REINFORCEMENT AND RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT ESIA Summary

Figure 3: Route Alternatives

It is worth noting that the initial project planned to reinforce the electrification of Guiglo and Zagné from the Buyo hydropower dam. Given these conclusions and constraints, focus shifted to finding another connection source that could reduce the technical constraints, environmental challenges and the project’s overall cost. This led to envisage a looped feed from the 225 kV Buyo-Man line, the establishment of a 225/90 kV sub-station at Duékoué, the construction of a 90 kV Duékoué-Guiglo-Zagné line, and a feasibility analysis of this new project option. Feasibility was confirmed and a potential site for building the sub-station was even designated. Constructing a sub-station in Duékoué has the advantage of reinforcing electricity supply in this locality, which experiences periods of outage. Doubling the Soubré-San Pédro line may not always be possible (with growing urbanisation in the area, it would be difficult to double the line without it overhanging a good number of buildings). Therefore, provision has been made for segments of the corridor to bypass urban areas that may be affected by such overhang, thus avoiding expropriation and limiting the impact of the new line. Three bypass alternatives were identified and marked out in Opouyo, Brazaville and in the outskirts of San Pédro. 5.3 PROJECT OPTION CHOSEN The Duékoué–Zagné line will bypass the town through the South-East and re-join the Duékoué-Guiglo road, keeping to the left of this road over a distance of 500m, then to the right of the Guiglo – Zagné road, while avoiding the marshy areas. The 77 km itinerary avoids the residential areas of Zagné. The route crosses rubber plantations. The site identified for the Duékoué substation is not far from the connection line and Duékoué- Abidjan road. It avoids residential areas, marshy areas and crosses the Duékoué-Abidjan road just once. The Soubré-San Pédro line to be constructed is a 225kV high tension line to double the existing Soubré-San Pédro line, currently exploited at 90 kV. The new spans, constructed as an extension of the existing structures, will be installed in the right of way of the Soubré and San Pédro substations. The 128 km itinerary lies to the West of the existing line in a 40 m common corridor and 25 m outside the line so as to avoid as much as possible buildings being built in the outskirts of towns. When crossing a village, if the existing corridor does not allow for enlargement, the new line will bypass residential areas through the West on a new 40 m corridor (in double-U bayonet or triangular bypass). The selected routes are illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 below.

13 GRID REINFORCEMENT AND RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT ESIA Summary

Figure 4 Insertion in the Transmission Network

Figure 5 Duekoué-Zagné and Soubré-San Pédro line corridors

14 GRID REINFORCEMENT AND RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT ESIA Summary

Pylons reinforced at the base with two ground wire, are made of laminated steel lattices totally assembled with galvanized bolts. Although alignment pylons can have a rectangular base, the anchor pylon must have a square base. Cognizant of the line corridors and topology of the land crossed, it is proposed a family of pylons typically comprising the following pylons: (A) suspension and flexible anchor, at an angle of 0 to 3°; (B) anchor and anti-cascade, at an angle of 0 to 30°; and (C) anchor and stop, at an angle of 30 to 60°.

The pylon cross-arm height without extension (zero level) is 23 metres in suspension, and 20.5 metres at anchorage. This height corresponds to a range of 435m on flat land. There are plans for extensions (stems) of +3m, +6m and +9m. Asymmetric stems from -3.00m to +3.00m, per 1.00m stem, are also envisaged to adapt to different levels of terrain encountered. In areas over- flown by aircraft, pylons will be painted in alternating stripes of white and red.

The width of the right-of-way of overhead lines is 40 metres – a value that is compatible with the recommended standards and common practice in West Africa. Generally, the basic principle adopted is to minimise as much as possible the removal of plant cover and ensure that clearance of right-of-way is safe and compliant with requirements for the construction and operation of lines.

Beyond the trench, any tall tree which when lying horizontally is at a distance that reaches the conductors, will be felled. The same applies to trees whose branches risk as they grow to come to less than ten metres of the conductors in case the latter sway.

There are plans to clear all vegetation on a width of three (3) metres in the trench and around the pylons on an area 10 x 10 m. This three-metre zone will allow for the construction where necessary of a vehicular track, useable during construction works, and subsequently for surveillance, inspection and maintenance.

Figure 6: Standard Pylon

The choice of phase conductor with same 225kV voltage level fell on a homogeneous French- made aluminium alloy conductor. It consists of a 570 mm² ASTER cable and is not lubricated. This AAAC (all alloy aluminium conductor) standardisation is selected in the Republic of Cote d’Ivoire for the construction of overhead lines.

These phase conductors are protected by two ground wire. The first is a standard ground wire. Installed in the right bank trestle in the pylon-numbering direction, it is a non-homogeneous French-calibre conductor made of a steel-reinforced aluminium alloy. The steel wires of the ground wire are coated with zinc. The outer layer is not lubricated. Only the inner layers are slightly lubricated. The lubricant dropping point must be above 220°C. The 225 kV line must overhang the nature of terrain crossed at the following main heights: (i) ordinary land, 7.00 m; (ii) agricultural land, 7.50 m; and (iii) any road, 8.50 m. 15 GRID REINFORCEMENT AND RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT ESIA Summary

6 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

The project will generate positive as well as negative environmental and social impacts. The project’s impacts were identified and assessed based on distinct pre-construction, construction and operation phases.

6.1 NEGATIVE IMPACTS

6.1.1 In Pre-construction and Construction Phase

The impacts on the bio-physical environment are mostly linked to works site installations, preparation of roads, construction of pylon foundations, transport activities and assembly of equipment. They can generate: (i) a risk of soil and water pollution (liquid/solid wastes, hydrocarbons, suspended matter; (ii) wastes from works-site activities that will mainly be residues from scraping, painting, metallic or glass parts from the pylon structure; (iii) pollution of the natural environment; (iv) destruction of habitats; and (v) disturbance of wildlife. The influx of hired labour is likely to generate: (vi) the risk of the spread of poaching; and (vii) pressure on natural resources.

For the Duékoué-Zagné and Soubré-San Pédro lines, it is estimated that necessary works for the construction of pylons, and the deployment and installation of conductors will require clearance of a strip of land 8 metres wide (included in the 40-m corridor to be cleared) unencumbered by crops and trees. The related land area concerns 12 ha of degraded secondary forests, 31 ha of rubber and cocoa plantations, 269 ha of fallow land and cropland crossed by the lines.

Impacts on the human environment. Line construction will require: (i) compensation for 2,158 properties, distributed as follows: 1,100 land parcels (1,068 for Soubré-San Pédro and 32 for Duekoué-Zagné) and 1,100 buildings (1,068 for Soubré-San Pédro and 32 for Duekoué- Zagné); and (ii) temporary loss of seasonal harvests.

The other main negative impacts on the human environment are linked to the presence of the project site and works, which engender: (iii) health risks, especially the higher prevalence of STDs; (iv) the higher risk of accidents for the population and workers; and (v) deteriorating physical living conditions (noise, dust).

6.1.2 Operational Phase

Impacts on the biophysical environment: The main impacts on air quality are linked to transport and movement, the burning of wood debris from periodic clearing, and the maintenance of access structures and pylon areas. There are very few active erosion zones along the routes. The predominance of a relatively flat relief along the routes minimizes the risk of soil erosion. Water quality depends on the alteration of the physical characteristics of surface water, through sediment uptake and suspension caused by modifications in bank profile or flow conditions or through increased runoff. Maintenance works undertaken on the rights-of-way are likely to: (i) contaminate the environment with herbicides; and (ii) disturb and destroy habitats and wildlife due to possibilities of access offered by the right-of-way.

Impacts on the human environment. Impacts here are linked to the presence of machines: (i) risk of accident for the local population, (restriction on the exploitation of agricultural land beneath pylons, substations and permanent access).

16 GRID REINFORCEMENT AND RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT ESIA Summary

6.2 POSITIVE IMPACTS

6.2.1 In Pre-construction and Construction Phase

The presence of the works site will offer a number of economic opportunities (employment, development of local productions), which might not equitably benefit the poor. Impacts on the human environment are summarized in: (i) the improvement of the socio-economic conditions of the local population concerned by money spent by site workers to satisfy their needs (feeding, housing, etc.); (ii) deforestation works will generate timber which the population can recover and use for other purposes (firewood, charcoal, material for cabinetmakers, etc.); (iii) the creation of direct temporary jobs during works implementation; and (iv) the development of new access roads.

6.2.2 Operational phase

The main positive impacts are the improvement of infrastructure due to job opportunities created to maintain the rights-of-way. Strengthening the electrification capacity of Duékoué, Guiglo and Zagné will help to develop and consolidate existing businesses and create new economic activities (industries such as TANRI and CHC could see their turnover grow).

Rural electrification, involving villages situated along the line route, is the largest positive impact. It concerns: (i) improvement of the quality of life of close to 1,220,000 people; (ii) the creation of a favourable environment for multiplying new income-generating activities thanks, in particular, to public lighting allowing for extending the working day (opening of new services, sale of frozen products, opening of workshops, etc.); (iii) better quality of public services, including particularly health and education; (iv) better access to information and entertainment technologies; (v) improved security of the population and properties through the availability of public lighting; and (vi) some maintenance works (clearing the line corridor of weeds) that offer periodic job opportunities to the youth of the entire PIA.

Energy security will contribute to: (i) lightening certain tasks and chores, and freeing up “time” capital which can be channelled to gainful or educative activities through improved access to education and vocational training; and (ii) electricity connection will also contribute to improve women’s productivity and competitiveness in the services sector, where they are often better represented than men.

6.3 MITIGATION AND IMPROVEMENT AND MEASURES

6.3.1 In Pre-construction and Construction Phase

In the pre-construction and construction phase, the recommended mitigation measures are firstly common measures that contractors must implement during works to minimise impacts on the environment and risks of degradation of natural resources (water, flora, fauna, etc.). The main impact mitigation measure on the biophysical and human environments is the choice of itinerary that would help to avoid the most sensitive sites. As far as the biophysical environment is concerned, the main measure is to offset deforestation through reforestation. The recommended mitigation measures implemented on the works site are essentially routine ones that contractors must undertake during works to minimise impacts on the environment and the risks of degradation of natural resources (water, flora, fauna, etc.). Impact mitigation measures on the human environment are intended to: (i) implement the provisions of the FRP; and (ii) maintain acceptable conditions on site, manage the population influx to ensure that all benefit equitably from opportunities offered on the works site. Measures are also envisaged to implement rural electrification in villages and localities situated close to sub-stations along the interconnection line. 17 GRID REINFORCEMENT AND RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT ESIA Summary

6.3.2 In Operational Phase

On the biophysical environment, the following measures should be applied: (i) encourage the use of mechanical methods of keeping vegetation under control; (ii) if necessary, select herbicides with negligible undesirable effects to supplement the mechanical method.

For the stations, (iii) maintenance against weeds will be done manually. It is important to maintain minimum plant cover (grass or shrubs) in the right-of-way to avoid soil erosion; (iv) install waste-oil collection pits equipped with oil separators at each sub-station.

Outside the conductors, (v) limit the height of vegetation to up to 4 m beneath the conductors and 1.5 m where there is no danger of bushfire; (vi) Set up deflector spools at places where birds can collide with the lines as well as perches.

For the human environment, it is necessary to secure access to the sub-stations by building fences; put in place an emergency intervention plan in case of disaster (fire, explosion, spills…); place an information plate within workers’ view indicating the names and contacts of officials per situation of alert; train staff who operate equipment on procedures and ensure their adherence to the security plan upon recruitment; encourage the employment of local labour (men and women); inform the local population (men and women) of employment opportunities; provide special (customized) training for more vulnerable persons.

6.4 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS

Cumulative impacts are those that stem specifically from the combined action of project-related activities and impacts of actions and/or projects that are related or undertaken in the same project area. These are mainly cumulated impacts generated by: (i) the development of the Soubré hydropower dam; (ii) the CLSG (Cote d’Ivoire-Liberia-Sierra Leone-Guinea) Interconnection, also comprising a rural electrification component; and (iii) the project to electrify 1,000 localities, also underway.

The construction of the Soubré hydropower dam is ongoing. Upstream, it supplies the sub- station from which the line is expected to depart. The principal measures already taken consist in compensatory reforestation away from the outbound span inside the sub-station.

The negative impacts of these projects undertaken within the same PIA have already been mitigated prior to PRETD. The second underway helps to interconnect the neighbouring countries of the West through the construction of the Guiglo sub-station, thus relieving and stabilizing the Man sub-station, and consequently envisaging the electrification of localities in West and North-West Cote d’Ivoire.

The resulting cumulative negative impact is reflected in all the inconveniences caused to the population of the zone due to works. Nonetheless, these projects are mutually complementary and contribute to loss stabilisation and recovery, considered as a major positive impact, making it possible to recover close to 30% of losses throughout the country. As a result, it helps to electrify the localities in the West and the North. This project’s sub-component includes the electrification of 250 localities.

Moreover the Bingerville sub-station will balance electricity distribution in East Abidjan and help to supply it both ways, depending on needs and demand.

18 GRID REINFORCEMENT AND RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT ESIA Summary

6.5 RESIDUAL IMPACTS

Considering the nature of the project, no significant residual impact has been identified, apart from the landscape aspect due to the presence of pylons, and weak radiation of the electrical field of about 5,000V/m and the magnetic field of about 100 μT.

7 ENVIRONMANTAL RISK MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE

7.1 ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS

The risk of accidents on the construction sites of stations and lines will be treated in a specific document (Hygiene, Health and Safety Plan: Site Environmental Protection Plan) drafted by the contractor and validated by the project supervisor before the start of works. It will fall within the scope of CI Energie’s ISO 14000, with regard to certification.

In the operational phase, the presence of lines and sub-stations can pose safety-related risks. These are due to external natural and human actions. External actions involve the risk of fire or bushfires which could damage line components and weaken cable insulation. Human actions flow from vandalism or inattention that engender the risk of short-circuit, fire as well as fatal electrocution.

These risks are likely to be exacerbated by poor supervision and maintenance. The measures envisaged for handling technological risks are the following: (i) high sensitization on the safety of installations; (ii) continuous supervision and inspection of the surrounding land and access ways to pylons. The necessary grass-cutting and pruning along the lines could prompt the use of weed-killers proscribed by Ivorian law. For that, a pre-determined overhang allowance is paid to local residents to encourage them to supervise the heights of plantations.

7.2 CLIMATE CHANGE-RELATED RISKS

Natural risks are linked to flooding in marshy areas and violent winds. Preventive measures taken in the technical design of the project are the following: (i) installation and elevation of the pylon bases above the floodable zone; (ii) installation of sub-stations outside floodable/erodible zones and in backfill configuration; (iii) sizing of pylon foundations taking into consideration the appropriate velocities of dominant winds. In terms of mitigation, a compensatory reforestation plan of 27 deforested ha (12+15) is envisaged to offset and ensure a net positive gain over what will be destroyed. This surplus will contribute to carbon sequestration.

8 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

8.1 INSTITUTIONAL ORGANISATION

The institutional organisation of ESMPs and FRPs rests under the coordination of CI Energie, which has an environment, renewable energies and sustainable development department (the executing agency). As indicated in section 3.4, organisational responsibilities are ensured essentially by the Control Mission (Consulting Engineers) recruited for that purpose and which comprises an Environmentalist and a Socio-Economist for each of the line sites. Further, a project Technical Monitoring Committee brings together the officials of: (i) the CI-ENERGIES Environment Department; (ii) ANDE; (iii) regional services of MINESUDD; (iv) the Regional Forestry Department; (v) the Regional Agriculture Department; (vi) the Regional Construction, Housing, Sanitation and Town Planning Department; and (vii) the Regional Petroleum and Energy Department. The role of this Technical monitoring Committee will be to: (i) choose basic options and priorities; (ii) manage financial resources disbursed for implementing environmental measures; (iii) ensure the effective supervision and monitoring of the natural and 19 GRID REINFORCEMENT AND RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT ESIA Summary human environment through implementation of the ESMP; and (iv) ensure the legality of actions undertaken. As already indicated in 7.1, CI Energie will be organised and strive to comply with its environmental charter pursuant to the scope of application of its ongoing ISO14000 certification.

The organisational framework will also comprise a project consultative committee bringing together: (i) the Ministry of Environment, Urban Sanitation and Sustainable Development; (ii) the Ministry of Water and Forestry; (iii) the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy; (iv) the Ministry of State, Ministry of the Interior and Security; (v) the Ministry of Construction, Housing, Sanitation and Town Planning; and (vi) Village Management Committees. The role of this consultative committee is to: (i) ensure better communication between the different parties concerned and their coordination; (ii) control ESMP implementation; (iii) monitor implementation and the outcomes registered.

At local level, the role of the Reconciliation and Monitoring Committees will focus on the needs of the local population. Since the control missions (consulting engineer) also serve as an important relay of CI Energies on the ground, they will monitor construction plans submitted by the contractors and ensure that all environmental and social requirements are followed. Should the need arise, they will inform the Consultative Committee which could activate structures at the local level to resolve difficulties encountered. The Technical Monitoring Committee will contribute to strengthen the implementation, monitoring and evaluation capacity of staff responsible for environmental and social issues, among others.

Figure 6 Institutional Organisation

Gouvernement MPE/CI Energy Tech, Mon Com Consultative Committee ANDE/MEDDSU

MEF

Conciliation and Conciliation and monitoring monitoring committee committee Soubré, Mégui,Guiglo, Duekoué,Guiglo, Tel San Pédro NGO/C.soc NGO/C.soc Mdc1 Mdc2

Ent1-line Duekoué-Zagné Ent2-line Soubré-San Pédro

Project Training Network Stregthening

Bingerville substation and rural electrification

8.2 SUPERVISION PROGRAMME The project’s environmental and social monitoring programme comprises: (i) works supervision to ensure that recommended mitigation and improvement measures are implemented; and (ii) impact monitoring of the most disturbing environmental and social components. Works supervision ensures that the commitments and recommendations contained in the ESMP are effectively applied. Supervision aims to integrate mitigation measures and other environmental and social considerations into plans and estimates, and to ensure that they are

20 GRID REINFORCEMENT AND RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT ESIA Summary implemented at the time of construction. Works supervision is under the responsibility of control missions in their capacity as project supervisors. This supervision is subject to a review of the Supervision Plan and its update in case of insufficiency or omission. 8.3 MONITORING PROGRAMME

For their part, monitoring activities involve measuring and evaluating the project’s impacts on certain core environmental and social components, and applying corrective measures if needed. CI Energies must also be involved in monitoring activities and is seconded by the Consultative Committee through specialized experts in the area concerned.

Monitoring activities involve: (i) constantly verifying that the ESMP work programme and budget are implemented as planned within prescribed timeframes; (ii) identifying any factor and unforeseen development that is likely to influence the organisation of the ESMP, defining measures, projecting the effectiveness or presenting opportunities to be developed;(iii) monitoring measures to better understand the current conditions of the environment; (iv) general monitoring measures to identify any unforeseen impact for which no mitigation measure was provided; (v) specific monitoring measures to assess the real effectiveness of each mitigation measure in relation to set objectives; (vi) mechanisms for implementing required corrective actions if objectives are not attained and in case of unexpected impact.

8.4 MANAGEMENT OF COMPLAINTS AND DISPUTES:

In practice, the complaints and conflicts that might arise during ESMP implementation include the following: pollution, inconvenience caused by wastes, conflicts with contractor workers, obstruction or extension of the access way, etc. Disagreements on resettlement measures are treated under the Resettlement Plan.

In considering complaints, priority will be given to the following amicable settlement procedures (non-judicial avenues): (i) supplementary explanations; (ii) arbitration by calling in the elders or respected persons in the community albeit not indigenes.

Although every affected person reserves the possibility of seeking recourse from the country’s legal system, he/she can also resort to the amicable settlement mechanism comprising two main stages: (i) the prime contractor (MdC) registers the complaint or dispute; (ii) the matter is treated amicably, by appealing to the Administrative District Commission and the involvement of the project’s independent mediators (respected persons and leaders).

After a complaint or conflict has been registered, the plaintiff or parties to the conflict will be invited before the District Commission in charge of mediation, which will try to propose a solution acceptable to all parties. Otherwise, other meetings will be organised and the District Commission may designate one of its members to monitor the arbitration within a setting less formal than monthly meetings.

If no agreement is reached, the District Commission shall revert to the Consultative Committee. For their part, the parties may seek redress from the courts. The prime contractor shall prepare a progress report stating suggestions/proposals on how to settle the conflict. To facilitate the parties’ access to legal process, competence shall lie with the judge seating in the prefecture where the plaintiff resides.

If complaints are recurrent, the ESMP will be reviewed and the necessary amendments and readjustment applied to achieve the expected objectives and performance.

21 GRID REINFORCEMENT AND RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT ESIA Summary

8.5 SUPERVISION AND MONITORING PROGRAMME BUDGET

The overall budget of the Energy Project’s Environmental and Social Plan, net of taxes, is evaluated at approximately CFAF 6,230,080,000, or 7.58% of the total project budget.

Table 2: Cost of ESMP

Measures Cost in CFAF

Compensation of PAPs (including rubber and cocoa cultivation) 2,967,053,480

Health-Safety-Environment Plan on works sites (HSE Plan) Included in the cost of works Demarcation of the right-of-way

Establishment of a non-building area, revegetation (2x12 ha + 30 ha) and rehabilitation of 372,000,000 plant cover after works

Rehabilitation of works site areas 5,000,000

Management of solid and liquid wastes 6,000,000

Reduction of risk of collision (buoying) and electrocution (perches on pylons) 12,050,000

Sensitisation on safety of installations and use of electric power 10,000,000

Sub-total : 405,050,000

ESMP supervision (control missions) 218,030,000

Total : 623,080,000

9 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION

As part of this project, consultations were organized during the conduct of the ESIA, in the course of which working sessions were held with prefectoral (Méagui) and sub-prefectoral authorities (the San Pédro sub-prefect also serves as interim sub-prefect of Gabiadji) in December 2013. These public gatherings were the subject of wide communication beforehand to ensure the effective participation of the population. A cross section of the society was present, including: (i) the administrative authorities of San-Pedro and Méagui Départements (San- Pédro, Gabiadji and Méagui sub-prefects); (ii) local elected officials; (iii) central and devolved administrative services; (iv) business operators (private companies, etc.; (v) customary authorities of the villages crossed; and (vi) the local population. To enable the population to better understand the importance of the project and to support it, the Gabiadji sub-prefect appointed an assistant to interpret the different presentations into the Malinké language.

In all, 115 people were registered at these meetings and expressed their views and grievances. Most discussions were conducted in French without interpretation. Generally, the concerns of the population mainly focused on the following aspects: (i) the right of way of the new line; (ii) the project implementation period; (iii) the identification of persons likely to be affected and the compensation period; (iv) the terms and conditions for compensating affected properties (immovable assets, crops, land, etc.); (v) the project’s spin-offs for villages without electricity; and (vi) the specific needs of women.

22 GRID REINFORCEMENT AND RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT ESIA Summary

The chairpersons of the ceremony indicated that this first meeting was to inform the local authorities and community leaders. They exhorted all persons present and primarily traditional authorities to serve as relays to their subjects to give accurate and true information concerning the project to construct the Soubré-San Pédro HV line.

The main concerns noted concern: (i) electrification of villages not served (to the East of San Pédro), (ii) public lighting in built-up areas within the PIA; (iii) extension of electrification to uncovered zones, determined by the Contracting Authority and the project, and considered as the most important improvement measure.

Furthermore, consultations will be organised during statutory public investigations by ANDE, as well as during the Bank’s appraisal mission, throughout project implementation and during supervision missions to match the population’s needs with project outcomes. Procedures followed will help to take into account the specific needs of women and vulnerable persons.

10 COMPLEMENTARY INITIATIVES

The following main activities will be implemented prior to works start-up: (i) redemption of customary rights; and (ii) FRP implementation and effective compensation of PAPs. These are presented in the FRP summary.

Another important activity concerns the electrification of rural areas and villages along the line corridors and nearby zones. This is the most significant complementary initiative and involves: (i) the improvement of the quality of life of people of the South-West of Cote d’Ivoire; (ii) the creation of a favourable environment for multiplying new income-generating activities, thanks in particular to public lighting that makes the extension of the working day possible (opening of new services, sale of frozen products, opening of workshops, etc.); (iii) the improvement of the quality of public services, especially health and education; (iv) better access to information and entertainment technologies; and (v) enhanced safety of people and properties, thanks to the availability of public lighting.

Figure 7 below illustrates departments where coverage is insufficient and electrification needs significant. The project whose objective is to strengthen and balance the network in the country will make it possible to drastically mitigate power losses currently registered (about 30%). This gain will be redistributed to all localities of administrative districts, situated mainly in the North of the country. The project will take into account 250 of these localities, presented in Table 3 attached as annex. These 250 localities and villages have close to 2,372,000 people, 1,089,000 of them women. This electrification is accompanied by public lighting in villages lacking one and included in the project.

Energy security will contribute to women’s empowerment by increasing their chances of employment and rapidly modify their culturally-imposed position of inferiority. It will also relieve them from certain tasks and chores, freeing up “time” capital that can be used in gainful or educative activities through better access to education and vocational training.

23 GRID REINFORCEMENT AND RURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT ESIA Summary

Figure 7 Departments with Insufficient Electrification

Electricity connection will also help to boost women’s productivity and competitiveness in the services sector, where they are often better represented than men.

11 CONCLUSION

No major impact has been identified. Mitigation and monitoring measures were incorporated in the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) of this component of the Energy Project. Furthermore, a resettlement policy framework specifies methods of compensation of persons affected by the construction and presence of interconnection lines. The project is deemed as environmentally acceptable.

12 REFERENCES AND CONTACTS

- ESIA Report of the Soubré-San Pédro line - ESIA Report of the Duékoué-Zagné-Taï line - Report of the Full Resettlement Plans Soubré-San Pédro - Report of the Full Resettlement Plans Duékoué-Zagné-Taï

For additional information, please contact:

- Mr Kurt LONSWAY, Environment and Climate Change Division, e-mail: [email protected] - Mr Modeste KINANE, Environment and Climate Change Division, e-mail: [email protected] - Mr Salim BAIOD Environment and Climate Change Division, e-mail: [email protected] - Mr Raymond KITANDALA, Power Engineer, ONEC 1, [email protected]

24 0MVG ENERGIE ESIA Summary Annex: Environmental and Social Management Matrix

Table 3: List of Localities to be Electrified

Regions * Rural Electrification - Localities 250 DIEYA, KOADEGUEZON, TUAMBLY, ZOU-YAHI, DIAI, KLAON, ZIOMBLY, GRIE II, KPABLY, MAYOUBLY, TIABOLEBLI, TOYEBLY, BLOLEQUIN, PEHE, TIOBLY and 12 TOULEPLEU S/P (CAVALLY1: 12 localities) BEABLO, BEOUA, DITROUDA-BEOUE, DOUEDY GUEZON, GLOPAOUDY, GOYA 2, GUEZON, GUINKIN, KAADE, NIOULDE, PARIS-LEONA, PETIT GUIGLO, PONA, TROYA 17 Cavally Region 2, V 15 (BEHEBO), ZEBLY and ZRO in the GUIGLO S/P (CAVALLY 2: 17 localities) DAOBLY, DIERO-OULA, DJIDOUBAYE, GOULEAKO, PONAN, PORT-GENTIL, SIOBLO-OULA, ZAHIPOBLY, and ZIRIGLO in the TAI S/P (CAVALLY 3: 9 localities) 9 TOTAL CAVALLY 38 GLODE, GUINGLO-ZAGNA, KAHEN-ZAGNA, BANGOLO-TAHOUAKE, BLENIMEOUIN, GUINGLO-TAHOUAKE, KOBENANKRO, OUSSOUKRO, SEBAZON, YOBOUETKRO, 12 ZAODRON et DIEOU-ZIBIAO in BANGOLO, DIEOUZON and ZEO S/P (GUEMON 1: 12 localities) DIAHONDI, DIOUROUZON, GAOYA, GOHOUO, ZIBIAO, GUEKPE, GUIRI, KAHI, PONAN ZIBIAO, ZIONDROU, BABLY, BANGUI EHI, DIEDROU, GLOUBLI, GOHOU- 17 ZARABAON, KOULAOUE and PEHE ZARABAON in the ZEO and ZOU S/P (GUEMON 2:17 localities) PHING, ANTENNE PINHOU, GREIKRO, GUINGLO-ZIA, LEDJEHAN,DOUMOUYADOUGOU, LOKOSSO, TABLY GLODE, TISSONGNENIN, KRAZANDOUGOU/GBAPLEU, OUATTARADOUGOU, GUINGLO SROPAN, GBEZIO, KAO-KASSABLY, KEBLY, SIAMBLY, TIEBLY and DOUEDY in the ZOU, BAGOHOUO, DUEKOUE, GBAPLEU, 18 GUEHIBLY and FACOBLY S/P (GUEMON 3:18 localities) Guemon Region BEOUE 2, DIEBAMBOBLY, DOUAGUE, DOUIMBLY, GBEIBLY, GNONDROU, GUEZON-GBEAN 2, KEKLOBLY, KESSABLY KEKLOBLY, KORDROU, KOULAYERE, 13 MAKAIBLY and NENADY KIROU in the KOUIBLY S/P (GUEMON 4: 13 localities) OUONSEA, OUYABLI, PAGNEBLY, PIEBLY 1, POUMBLY, SIEBLY, TACOURABLY, TOBLY, TRODROU, DIOTROU and PANE in the KOUIBLY and NIDROU S/P (GUEMON 5 : 11 11 villages) PIANDROU OUYABLY, SAHIDROU, BIBITA, KANEBLY, TAOBLY, ANTENNE BAOU-GUINGLOVILLE, BEOUE 1, GUINGLOVILLE, NENADY TEBAO 1, TAOBLY, 13 TOUANDROU KIROU, ANTENNE ZEO-GOHOU ZIBIAO and ZIONDROU GUEKPE BRANCH in the NIDROU, SEMIEN, TOTODROU and ZEO S/P (GUEMON 6: 13 villages) Total GUEMON 84 BLAGOUIN, DIGOUALE, GANLE 2, GAOTE, GOUELE, GOUINE, GUEOULE, NIMBO-SAMA, SOKOURALA, TOUKPAPLEU, ZANTONGOUIN, ZOUZOUSSO 1, DIEMPLEU and 14 GBANGBEGOUINE in the BIANKOUMA, DALEU and GBANGBEGOUINE S/P(TONKPI 1:14 localities) DOUENE, GAOLE GRABA 1, GOURANE, GOURENE, KPASSAGODIE/OUETONBA, KPROGOUELE, NANE, GABA, GLANGOUALE, KOULALE, YALLO, YEPLEU and ZOCOMA 13 in the GBONNE and SIPILOU S/P (TONKPI 2: 13 localities) MOUANTOUO 1 and 2, TROGLEU 1, BANTEADEPLEU, BIEPLEU 1, BLEUPLEU, BOULEU, BOUNTA, DANIPLEU, DANTOGOUINE, DOUALEU, DOUAPLEU, DRONGOUINE 13 and GBANTIOPLEU in the BANNEU and DANANE S/P (TONKPI 3: 13 localities) GBAPLEU, GLAN-HOUYE, GOLEU, GOPLEU, GOUELEU, GOUEUPOUTA, GUIN-HOUYE, KANTAYOLE, KATA, KINNEU, KPANPLEU SIN-HOUYE, KPOLEU and LOLLEU in 13 the DANANE S/P (TONKPI 4: 13 localities) NIMPLEU 1, OUMPLEUPLEU, OUYATOUO, SALLEU, SEILEU, SIOBA, SOHOUPLEU, TROKOLIMPLEU, YANGUILEU, YASSE GOUINE, YEALE, YOTTA and ZAN-HOUNIEN 13 in the DANANE S/P (TONKPI 5: 13 localities) Tonkpi Region ZANKAGLEU, ZEREGOUINE, DAKOUI GOUINE(GANLEU), FEAPLEU, FIEMPLEU, GBLEPLEU, GOUEZEPLEU, PEUZIGUI, SINGOUINE, GOUETIMBA, BELE, BLOTILE and 13 GLEGOUINE in the DANANE, MAHAPLEU, GBONNE and LOGOUALE S/P (TONKPI 6: 13 localities) GLONLE-KPOAGOUINE, LEKPEPLEU, TONTIGOUINE DOUANZERE, BIAKALE, BIELE, BOGOUINE 1, GBATA, GOUAKALE, GOUIMPLEU 1, GOUIMPLEU 2, GUIANLE, 13 GUIAPLEU and KOUTONGOUINE 1 in the LOGOUALE and MAN S/P (TONKPI 7: 13 localities) LAMAPLEU, SANDOUGOU, SOKOURALA, ZONLE 1, BOGOINE, DRANGOUINE, ZONLE 2, DOHOUBA, FAPLEU, GANLEU, GONTEPLEU, TIEUPLEU and BEPLEU 1 in the 13 SANGOUINE, BIN HOUYE, TEAPLEU and ZOUAN-HOUNIEN S/P (TONKPI 8 :13 localities) BEPLEU 2, BIANTOUO 2, BIEUTOUO, DOUEPLEU, GBATEA GBEUPLEU, GBATTA, GBOUAGLEU, GNALEU(GNANKAZOU), GNINGLEU, GOUAKATOUA and GUEUTOUO 11 in the ZOUAN-HOUNIEN S/P (TONKPI 9: 11 localities) GUINGLEU, GUIZREU 1, KAN-HOUYE(GNANKAZOU), MAHAMPLEU, NATTA-DOSSEUPLEU, NATTA-NORD, SOUAMPLEU, TIEVOPLEU 1 and 2, VATOUO, ZOHOUELEU, 12 ZONGOPLEU and ZOUTOUO (GNANKAZOU) in the ZOUAN-HOUNIEN S/P (TONKPI 10: 12 localities) TOTAL TONKPI 128 * Regions and sub-prefectures indicated are taken from the pre-2014 territorial division

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