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A Study of Ascus Developmental Fine Structure in Eleutherascus Peruvianus Huang with Special Reference to Ascospore Ontogeny

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A Study of Ascus Developmental Fine Structure in Eleutherascus Peruvianus Huang with Special Reference to Ascospore Ontogeny Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1981 A Study of Ascus Developmental Fine Structure in Eleutherascus Peruvianus Huang With Special Reference to Ascospore Ontogeny. Walstine Lon Steffens III Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Steffens, Walstine Lon III, "A Study of Ascus Developmental Fine Structure in Eleutherascus Peruvianus Huang With Special Reference to Ascospore Ontogeny." (1981). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 3701. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/3701 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “ Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted you will find a target note listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For any illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and tipped into your xerographic copy. Requests can be made to our Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases we have filmed the best available copy. University Microfilms International 300 N. ZEEB RD.. ANN ARBOR, Ml 48106 8207840 Steffens, Walstinc Lon, IH A STUDY OF ASCUS DEVELOPMENTAL FINE STRUCTURE IN ELEUTHERASCUS PERUVIANUS HUANG W ITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ASCOSPORE ONTOGENY The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical ColPh.D. 1981 University Microfilms International 300 N . Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, M I 48106 PLEASE NOTE: tn all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check markV . 1. Glossy photographs or pages 1/ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print______ 3. Photographs with dark background t X 4. Illustrations are poor copy______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy ______ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page______ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages______ 8. Print exceeds margin requirements_____ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine_____ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print______ 11. Page(s)____________lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s)____________seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered____________. Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages 15. Other____________________________________________________________________ _ University Microfilms International A STUDY OF ASCUS DEVELOPMENTAL FINE STRUCTURE IN ELEUTHERASCUS PERUVIANUS HUANG WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ASCOSPORE ONTOGENY A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology by Walstine Lon Steffens III B.S., University of Texas at El Paso, 1974 M.S., University of Texas at El Paso, 1976 December, 1981 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS At the approaching end of ray graduate career I can now reflect on the contributions of all who have made it possible and contributed to its successful course. My parents encouraged me to seek a college education and sup­ ported me entirely through all of ray undergraduate and much of my graduate career. Dr. J. T. Ellzey of U. T. El Paso introduced me to science and started ray graduate career. The Department of Zoology and Physiology at LSU employed me and allowed the use of their facilities for my research. My advisor, Dr. John Paul Jones set up my degree plan and started me on the project which has culminated in this dissertation. His encouragement and advice throughout these four years is gratefully acknowledged. My committee members, Drs. S. C. Tucker, N. L. Horn, K. Derrick, G. Holcomb, and L. D. Newsom critically reviewed the manuscript and provided enumerable suggestions for its improvement. Their assistance in this matter is gratefully acknowledged. I must especially acknowledge the patience and fortuity of my wife Nancy in seeing me through ray graduate career. Her encourage­ ment and eternal faith in me is the essence of my perseverence. Jackie Lockwood typed this dissertation. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i i LIST OF FIGURES............................................. v ABSTRACT...................................................... xiii CHAPTER I GENERAL INTRODUCTION................................... 1 Materials and Methods................................ 2 II EARLY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT............................ 7 Introduction.......................................... 7 Results.............................................. 9 Discussion........................ 56 III ASCOSPORE DELIMITATION................................. 62 Introduction.......................................... 62 Results............... 65 Discussion............................................ 81 IV SPORE WALL DEVELOPMENT.................................. 86 Introduction......................................... 86 Results............................................. 90 Discussion.............................................. 151 V ASCOSPORE GERMINATION .................................. 169 Introduction............................................ 169 Results........... 170 Discussion.............................................. 181 LITERATURE CITED................................................ 188 APPENDIX....................................................... 195 iii VITA LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 A brightfield light micrograph of an Eleutherascus peruvianus squash mount showing vegetative hyphae and several ascocarps containing from one to several asci.......................................... 11 2 A Giemsa-stained hypha of _E. peruvianus showing nuclei and a single s e p t u m .................................. 11 3 An electron micrograph of a vegetative hypha containing microbodies and numerous mitochondria ................. 13 4 A vegetative hypha of .E. peruvianus containing a pair of haploid nuclei .................................... 13 5 A vegetative hypha showing two nuclei, endoplasmic reticulum, and vacuoles .............................. 15 6 A hyphal septum with a large vacuole filling part of the hyphal lumen, and two Woronin Bodies adjacent to the septum............................................ 15 7 A scanning electron micrograph of vegetative hyphae with several septal areas evident ..................... 19 8 A cross section through a hypha parallel to a nearby septum, showing several mitochondria and Woronin Bodies............................................... 19 9 A vegetative hyphal septum and pore with a Woronin Body occluding the pore. One Woronin Body has the typical repeating structure .................................. 21 10 A hyphal septum with two Woronin Bodies surrounded by a membranous vesicle.................................. 21 11 A brightfield micrograph of a Giemsa-stained early ascogenous apparatus showing a short ascogenous hypha being derived from the intertwining of two hyphal branches............................................. 23 12 A phase contrast micrograph of a short ascogenous hypha beginning to bend into a characteristic hook........... 23 13 A Giemsa-stained early dikaryotic crozier with a partially inflated penultimate cell ................... 23 14 The equivalent stage as seen in figure 13 in phase contrast.............................................. - 23 v Figure Page 15 A scanning electron micrograph of an entire ascogenous apparatus with an expanding crozier at a stage equiva­ lent to that seen in
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