Come to St. Louis to the 17Th Annual Meeting of the Foundation - August 4-7, 1985

THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE LEWIS & CLARK TRAIL HERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. VOL. 11, No. 2 MAY 1985 Come to St. Louis to the 17th Annual Meeting of the Foundation - August 4-7, 1985

" ... decended to the Mississippi and down that river to St. Louis at which place we arived about 12 oClock. we Suffered the party to fire off their pieces as a Salute to the Town. we were met by all the village and received a harty welcome from it's inhabitants &.c "

William Clark, September 23, 1806.

"The people of St. Louis have not changed! We are still noted for our hospitality and friendliness. All of the 'Metro St. Louis' members and friends of the Foundation invite you to come, and we look forward to greeting you with the same 'harty welcom' that the Lewis and Clark Expedition received on that mem­ orable day in September 1806 that marked the end of their epic journey."

Winifred C. George, Program chairman, 17th Annual Meeting. President Sherman's Message THE LEWIS AND CLARK TRAIL One evening during a meeting with HERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. the Portage Route Chapter of the Incorporated 1969 under Missouri General Not-For-Profit Corporatlon Act IRS Exemption Foundation at Great Falls, Montana, Certificate No. 501(C)(3) - Identification No. 51-0187715 I made the remark: "I'm surprised that the Harvard Business School OFFICERS - EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE hasn't disovered the Lewis and Clark President 1st Vice President 2nd Vice President Expedition." I saw eyebrows going William P. Sherman L. Edwin Wang John E. Foote up and down and I'm sure that I 8885 S .W. Canyon Road 6013 St. Johns Ave. 1205 Rimhaven Way heard a laugh choked off. Unfortu­ Portland, OR 97225 Minneapolis, MN 55424 Billings, MT 59102 nately, I never did get to explain that remark. Edrie Lee Vinson, Secretary John E. Walker, Treasurer P.O. Box 1651 200 Market St., Suite 1177 It was economic history that first Red Lodge, MT 59068 Portland, OR 97201 led me into the Lewis and Clark Ruth E. Lange, Membership Secretary, 5054 S .W. 26th Place, Portland, OR 97201 journey in depth, while searching out the roots of the fur trade. As my DIRECTORS awe for that most successful jour­ ney increased, I tried to isolate the Todd Berens Roy D. Craft Margaret Norris Santa Ana. CA Stevenson. WA Fayetteville. NY basic elements that led to its suc­ Harold Billian Viola Forrest Charles C. Patton cess. My conclusion was that the Villanova, PA Walla Walla, WA Springfield, IL most salient element was planning. Robert Bivens H. John Montague James P. Ronda Great Falls, MT Marietta, GA Youngstown, OH If you were to seek a graduate degree Robert C. Carriker Gary E. Moulton Rob11rt L. Taylor in business administration today, a Spokane, WA Lincoln. NE Washington, DC principal and primary focus would center on strategic planning. Tho­ Arlen J . Large, Washington. DC. immediate Past President is a Foundation Director mas Jefferson's clear instructions in establishing the "mission" - the PAST PRESIDENTS - DIRECTORS EX OFFICIO basic requirement in strategic plan­ Edwynne P. Murphy, 1970 Gary Leppart. 1974-75 Bob Saindon, 1979-80 ning - is an absolute masterpiece St. Louis, Missouri Butte, Montana Helena, Montana and a tribute to his exceptional E.G. Chuinard. M.D .. 1971 Wilbur P. Werner, 1975-76 Irving W. Anderson, 1980-81 mind. It is a model for anytime, and Tigard, Oregon Cut Bank, Montana Portland, Oregon it would lend support to the position John Greenslit. 1972 Clarence H. Decker, 1976-77 V. Strode Hinds, 1981-82 some hold - that the true begin­ Lansing, Michigan East Alton. Illinois Sioux City, Iowa ning of the Expedition was in Tho­ Lynn Burris, 1972-1973 Gail M. Stensland, 1977-78 Hazel Bain. 1982-83 Topeka, Kansas Fort Benton, Montana Longview, Washington mas Jefferson's mind. Robert E. Lange, 1973-74 Mitchell Doumit, 1978-79 Arlen J. Large, 1983-84 At our forthcoming 17th Annual Portland, Oregon Cathlamet, Washington Washington, D.C. Meeting in St. Louis in August, we will be going back in time to exam­ ABOUT THE FOUNDATION ine that city and its economy as it existed when the Lewis and Clark The purpose of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc., is to stimulate nationally: public interest in matters relating to the Lewis and Clark Expedition; the contributions to American history made by the Expedition returned on September e~ped i tion members; and events of time and place concerning and following the expedition w hich are of 23, 1806. Be there with us to exam­ historical import to o ur nation. The Foundation recognizes the value of tourist-oriented programs, and suooorts activities which enhance the enjoyment an.d understandina of 1he Lew is and Clark storv. The scooe ine the impact of that historic event. of the activities of the Foundation are broad and diverse, and include involvement in pursuits which, in the judgment of the Directors are, of historical worth or contemporary social values. and commensurate with the heritage ot Lewis and Clark. The actiyities of the National Foundation are intended to compliment and Bill Sherman supplement those of state and local Lew is and Clark interest groups. The Foundation may appropriately recognize and honor individuals or groups for: art works of distinction; achievement in the broad field of Lewis and Clark historical research; writing: or deeds w hich promote the general purpose and scope of activities of the Foundation. Membership in t he organization comprises a broad spectrum of Lewis and Clark enthusiasts including Federal. State, and local government officials, historians, scholars. and others of wide ranging Lewis and Clark interests. Officers of the Foundation are elected from t he membership. The Cover Illustration Annual Meeting of the Foundation is traditionally held during August. the birt h month of both Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. The meeting place is rotated among the States. and tours generally are arranged to visit sites in the area of the Annual Meeting w hich have historic association w ith the Lewis and Clark Our cover illustration often provokes up­ Expedition. risings from Lewis and Clark p'lrists. They say that the dog in the bow of the WE PROCEEDED ON E.G. CHU/NARD. M.D., FOUNDER ISSN 0275-6706 boat does not appear to be a Newfound· land, and there is a question as to whether We Proceeded On is the oHicial publication of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, or not the ti·icornered (cocked) hat worn by Inc. The publication's name is derived from the phrase which appears repeatedly in the the Captain could have survived such a collective journals of the famous Expedition. long journey. We learn from the artist, Stanley Meltzoff, that he had much dis­ PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE cussion with the Humble Oil and Refining Company, who commissioned the paint· Robert E. Lange. Editor and Committee Chairman, 5054 S.W. 26th Place. Portla nd, OR ing, before it was completed for the com­ 97201 pany's " Great Moments in American His­ Irving W. Anderson E.G. Chuinard tory" calendar, published in 1965. Never­ Box LC- 196 Lewis & Clark College 15537 S. W. Summerfield Lane theless, the famous Expedition's arrival at Portland. OR 97219 Tigard, OR 97223 St. Louis in September 1806 was a "Great Moment in American History" and we are Paul R. Cutright Donald Jackson Gary E. Moulton indebted to the Exxon Company for per­ 312 Summit Avenue 3920 Old Stage Road Love Library - Univ. Nebraska mission to reproduce Meltzoffs work on Jenkintown, PA 19046 Colorado Springs, CO 80906 Lincoln, NE 68588 the cover of this issue - it does portray the Bob Saindon Wilbur P. Werner " harty welcom" afforded the explorers as 172 Briarwood P.O. Box438 they approached the shore of the Missis­ Helena. MT 59601 Cut Bank. MT 59427 sippi River at St. Louis.

-2- We Proceeded On, May 1985 17th Annual Meeting, St. Louis, Missouri, August 4-7, 1985 Foundation member Winifred River to Lewis a nd Clark State Park and time to visit the 'Climatron' " Winnie" George, chairman for a nd t he Lewis and Clark Memo­ and the 'Linnaean House'. this coming August's 17th An­ riaJ.'l The Park is directly across the nual Meeting of the Foundation, Mississippi from the mouth of the "When French General Lafayette (a friend of George Rogers and Wil­ advises that members of record Missouri River, a nd is in the vicin­ were m ailed annual meeting In­ ity wh ere the Lewis a nd Clark liam Clark) visited William Clark formation and Registration Expedition constructed their winter and General Daniel BisselF in St. packets on April 22nd. Aug­ establishment. Their "Camp Wood" Louis in 1 824-1 825,~ h e wrote that menting the information con­ was occupied from December 1803 he was a mazed to see th at many of tained in the packet, "Winnie" and until their departure for the the citizens h ad established fine homes furnished with elegant items has sent We Proceeded On some westward exploration on May 14, brought from the eastern seaboard. additional comments related to 1804. Since Foundation members the activities planned for annual visited the Park during the 5th An­ The Bissell residence on nine acres of the original 2300 acre farm has meeting attendees, and her re­ nual Meeting in 1973, and the 9th marks are transcribed here: Annual Meeting in 1977, the hand­ been restored and the interior fur­ nishings project the 1812-1850 peri­ some Memorial structure has been od. We will visit the Bissell House "The visit to the National Park Serv­ constructed and dedicated at a spe­ cial ceremony on September 27, which is very similar to the no long­ ice's J efferson National Expan­ er existing William Clark residence 1981.4 Lewis and Clark State Park sion Memorial - The 'Gateway and near the location of Clark's Arch' and the wonderful 'Museum and its development and improve­ ments, including the Memorial, fo r home. We will be entertained during of Westward Expansion' - is a n our picnic lunch by Nation al Park ma ny years was the specia l under­ event scheduled for Sunday evening Service personnel, who have devel­ (registration day) beginning at 7:30 taking a nd avocation of the late Clarence H. Decker of East Alton, oped a puppet show about Lewis and continuing until the Museum and Clark. closes at 10:00 PM. The story of the Illinois.5 At the Park and Memorial Lewis a nd Clark Expedition is one we will be greeted by members of "The city of St. Charles, Missouri, of many themes developed in the The Lewis and Clark Society of on the Missouri River, is 20 miles Museum and the spectacular pho­ America comprised of citizens of northwest of St. Louis. St. Charles tographic murals of locations along the Alton, East Alton, Wood River, was the location of the Founda­ the Lewis and Clark Trail by the and Hartford (Illinois) communi­ tion's 9th Annual Meeting in 1977. noted photographer David Muench 1 ties, who have, along with Decker, Our visit this year includes a pro­ and other exhibits related to the been interested in the preservation gram portraying the Reenactment Expedition will be of special inter­ and development of the site and of the Court-Martial in the Old est. State Park since the middle 1960s. State Capitol Building in 1821, and the opportunity to see a keelboat "Wh en we walk the few blocks to the "When we visit the Cahokia under construction. The design of Spaghetti Factory in Laclede's Mounds Historic Site - the group the Lewis and Clark keelboat is be­ Landing2 for lunch, we will arrive of prehistoric Indian mounds (one ing carefully followed. A noon meal at a nine block area of cobblestone of which is said to be the largest featuring elk stew and other foods streets, brick sidewalks, a nd hand­ prehistoric earthwork in the United of the 1804 period will be served dur­ somely renovated nineteenth cen­ States),6 Dr. Mildred K. Brown will ing our St. Ch arles visit. tury warehouses. The sh ops, galler­ speak to us about 'The French Co­ ies, and eateries and the atmosphere lonial Period in Illinois' a nd 'The "We are especially pleased and ex­ of this area will take you back to the Prehistoric Cahokia Mounds.' The cited about the three elective activi­ days when St. Louis was a booming site is about five miles northeast of ties. The Mississippi River Dinner­ frontier and river town. It is alive St. Louis in Illinois, has been rec­ Cruise aboard the famous 'Huck with Mississippi River excitement, ognized as A World Heritage Site Finn ' riverboat is guaranteed to riverboats, history, heritage, a nd by the United Nation s. From the provide attendees with a real St. fun!" site of the Mounds we will journey Louis evening. You will see the city and the 630 foot high Gateway Arch "A 20 mile bus trip will take us to the village of Cahokia (south and east of St. Louis). The village was from the river, enjoy a delicious north an~ along the Mississippi founded by the French in 1699 and dinner, and entertainment by a real l. Color reproductions of the Muench murals, is one of the first permanent white Dixie-land Jazz Band - all in air together with Dan Murphy's delightful and conditioned comfort!" imaginative text related to the Expedition, settlements in Illinois. Our visit will has been published by K.C. Publications, Las include the Holy Family Church The other two elective activi­ Vegas, Nevada. Ifyou don't have this publication, (1790-1797), the Nicholas Jarrot Lewis and Clark Voyage of Discovery, in ties are post meeting activities your collection, you will find it at the Muse­ Mansion (1799), a nd the old Court­ on Thursday and Friday, Au­ um's bookshop a nd souvenir counter. Muench, house constructed in 1 735. gust 8 and 9, and the itinerary at the Foundation's 11th Annual Meeting, and details are listed in the 17th Glasgow, Montana, 1979, a nd Murphy, at the "The visit to the most beautiful a nd Foundation's 13th Annual Meeting, Helena, unique botanical gardens in the Annual Meeting Information Montana, 1981, were recipients of the Founda­ United States (a National Historic and Registration Packet. tion's Award of Meritorious Achievement Landmark) will feature a lecture ("For outstanding Contributions in Bringin g 7. Bissell was a fifer in the Revolutionary War to this Nation a Greater Awareness and Ap­ who became Commandant of Fort Bellefon­ preciation of the Lewis and Clark Expedi­ 3. See WPO, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 1, 3; Vol. 8, No. taine, the U.S. Military establishment and tion.") 2, p. 13. predecessor to the present Jefferson Barracks establishmen t. 2. Named for Pierre Laclede Liguest, 1724- 4. See WPO, Vol. 7, No. 4, p. 3. 1778, born in Bedous, France, fur trader a nd 8. For more about Lafayette's visit to St. pioneer wh o came to America in 1755. Recog­ 5. Eighth President of the Foundation (1976 ~ Louis see WPO, Vol. 5, No. 2, p. 9. nized ·as a founder of St. Louis, Missouri, 1977) and Foundation Treasurer (1973-1984. where he established a trading post with See also, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 5-6. Auguste Chouteau on the site of the present 6. Source: Webster's Geographical Dictionary, (Mo re Annual Meeting Information city in 1764. Revised Edition, 1959. on pages 4 & 5) We Proceeded On, May 1985 -3- Museum of Westward Expansion - Jefferson National Expansion Memorial - St. Louis

1985 is a double-anniversary year in St. Louis! Fifty years ago (1935) the Jefferson National Memorial was established, and twenty years ago (1965) the Gateway Arch construction was completed. At 630 feet high, the Gateway Arch is truly an engineering marvel of the 20th century. Dominating the St. Louis skyline, it is a 42,878 ton stainless steel and concrete monument for our time. As you descend into the vi$itor's center beneath the Arch, you will discover an area larger than a football field and the un~que Museum of Westward ....C:"::::;;=:J l;c:~;;;:;:;;;i;;:;;;I """"~~ Expansion. The historic complex, the Arch and the Museum, commemorates the past and present and reveals the pattern of our nation's history between 1800and1900, and is a monument to those people who in the last century accepted the challenge of "The Winning of the West." Ursus horribilis (Grizzly Bear) Exhibit (Right) Excerpt from Clark's journal for Sunday, May 5, 1805 (Thwaites, 1:373-374) . . . . in the evening we saw a Brown or Grisley beare on a sand beech, I went out with one man Geo Drewyer & Killed the bear, which was verry large and a turrible looking animal, which we found verry hard to kill we shot ten Balls into him before we killed him, .. This animal is the largest carnivorous kind I ever saw we had nothing that could way him, I think his weight may be stated at 500 pounds, he measured 8 feet 7 Y:! In~ from his nose to the extremity of the Toe, .. his tallents (talon or nail)* was 4 Inches & % long, he was [in] good order, and appeared verry different from the common black bear . .. The location of the Museum's fine mounted specimen of a grizzly bear does not appear on the floor plan dia­ gram of the Museum shown below. It is conspicuously displayed just outside the entrance to the Museum in the Visitor Center Lobby. Readers will note that other animals (beaver, bison, appaloosa, and longhorn) doc­ umented in the journals are part of the exhibits in the Museum. • Thwaites indicates: "Words reproduced by us in Italics enclosed in parentheses, are corrections [in the manuscript journals] in red ink, presumably by Biddle ..."

Floor Plan - Museum of Westward Expansion

' GEPEE ~.lf

....---: • ocn '• '' "'c:O ' ~ ~Ct ~ L•• •••.• - 8 EXPLORERS ~ • 8 ...... ACENTURY ... OF AMERICAN HISTORY.. -

VISITOR CENTER LOBBY

-4- We Proceeded On, May 1985 Annual Banquet the field of environmental planning would have liked to have looked Speaker and management. He serves as a over Clark's shoulder, at the estu­ consultant to the Connecticut De­ ary. of the Columbia River, as he partment of Environmental Protec­ wrote in his journal, "Ocian in tion and is a Commissioner of View! O' the joy."; and David Planning and Zoning of the com­ Lavendar, well-known historian, munity of Mansfield where he told the editors that he would have resides. been pleased to have been in St. Louis on September 23, 1806, when One of the most sought-after speak­ the Corps of Discovery returned ers of the University community, from the Pacific and fulfilled Jeffer­ Dr. Allen has presented over 60 pub­ son's dream of a continental n ation. lic lectures during his tenure at the Connecticut institution and these * * * * * * include five keynote addresses and Foundation member Sheila Robin­ numerous presentations to national son, Coleharbor, North Dakota, has and international professional as­ advised We Proceeded On t h at sociation s.~ Memberships in profes­ August E. (Gus) Budde, St. Louis, sional orga nizations include: the Missouri, passed away on March Association of American Geograph­ 11 , 1985, at the age of 82. Gus was a ers; the Society for the History of long time Lewis and Clark en thusi­ Discovery; the Western History ast and served this Foundation as Association; and the Royal Geo­ its first secretary in 1970, and again Foundation member John Logan graphical Society (U.K.). h eld that office in 1972. For several Allen, Professor of Geography, Uni­ years he was employed by the Na­ versity of Connecticut, Storrs, has Attendees at the Foundation's 17th accepted Foundation President Annual Meeting and Banquet may tional Park Service in Washington, D.C. and at the Jefferson National Sherman's invitation to be our 17th look fo rward to John Allen's ad­ Annual Banquet speaker, August 7, dress, and in a letter to the editor he Expansion Memorial in St. Louis. When differences arose with several 1985. has revealed that the title of his s poken word will be "In the Wake of of his many friends in the Founda­ Dr. Allen is a native of Laramie, the Red Pirogue: Lewis and Clark tion, he chose, in 1974, to go his own Wyoming. He attended the Univer­ and the Exploration of the Ameri­ way and to continue the publication sity of Wyoming a nd received his can West, 1806-1845." of a little publication which he titled B.A. from that institution in 1963. the " Lewis and Clark Trail News­ His graduate training was taken at 2. Familiar to Foundation members are Dr. letter" - a newsletter that he had the University of Wyoming (M.A., Allen's participation detailed in We Pruceeded instigated in the early 1970s. Many 1964) and at Clark University On: See WPO, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 8·11; WPO, Foundation members recognized Vol. 9, No. l , pp. l, 16, 26; Vol. 10, Nos. 2&3, p. (Massachusetts) where h e was 6. his extensive knowledge of the Lewis awarded the Ph.D. with distinction and Clark Expedition and the his­ in 1969. He joined the faculty at the tory of the American west, contin­ University of Connecticut in 1967 News Notes ued to carry on conespondence with and was promoted to the rank of The editors of American Heritage him a nd enjoyed his friendship. Associate Professor in 1973 and to m agazine, to mark the thirtieth * * * * * * Professor in 1978. During the years anniversary of their publication, The Seventeenth Annual Dako­ 1976 to 1981 he served as the first asked a number of authors, schol­ ta History Conference was held head of the newly established De­ ars, and historians the question: April 11-13, 1985, at the KarlMundt partment of Geography, and at the "What is the one scene or incident Library, Dakota State College, Mad­ end of his five year term resigned to in American history you would like ison, South Dakota. There were return to full-time teaching a nd re­ to have witnessed - and why?" twenty-two sessions, attended by 147 search. His service to the Univer­ Sixty responses to their intenoga­ registrants, during the three day sity has been extensive and has tion were publish ed in the Decem­ event. The papers presented dealt included two elected terms as a ber 1984 (Volume 36, No. 1) issue of with a wide range of subjects: member of the Faculty Review American Heritage in a 16 page sec­ (Prairie Personalities; Prairie Ar­ Board. tion of the magazine titled: "I Wish chitecture; Prairie Society, Schools, John Allen's reputation as a schol­ I'd Been There". Lewis and Clark and Politics; Recording the Past - ar is based on two very different en thusiasts will be interested in Teaching History; Music on the areas. Foundation members and knowing that four of the responses Prairie; Dakota History; Writers Lewis and Clark students and en­ connotated to the Lewis and Clark and Ideas; Transportation, Rail­ thusiasts know him best as the Expedition: David M. Kennedy, roads; Running Water; Mining; and author of the fine volume: Passage Professor of History, Stanford Uni­ Indian People). At the Friday, April Through the Garden: Lewis and versity, would have liked to have 12th Luncheon, Foundation mem­ Clark and the Image of the Ameri­ been a member of the exploring ber Sheila Robinson, Coleharbor, can Northwest, 1 and he has au­ party; Don Moser, editor of Smith­ North Dakota, addressed 94 indi­ thored numerous articles and book sonian Magazine, indicates that he viduals and the title of her paper chapters in the field of exploration would have enjoyed being with t he was "Lewis and Clark in Dakota". and discovery. Current research party when from Sherman Peak on At a Saturday, April 13th morning efforts include the preparation of a the Lolo Trail (present-day Idaho), session, Foundation members Fred book dealing with the explorations the exhausted travelers sighted and Darlene Trende, Rosholt, South of John Ch arles Fremont. Allen is Weippe Prairie and knew that their Dakota, presented "Notes and also the author and editor of several arduous crossing of the " turrible" Slides: Visiting the 1805 Camp Sites books and over a dozen articles in (Bitterroot) mountains was over; of Lewis and Clark's 18 Mile Port­ 1. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1975. Dee Brown, retired professor, Uni­ age of the Great Falls of the Reviewed in WPO, Vol. 1, No. 3. versity of Illinois, says that he Missouri River."

We Proceeded On, May 1985 -5- A Jefferson Monument (Tombstone) On the University of Missouri Campus Jean Tyree Hamilton1

"Educate and inform the whole mass ofpeople . .. They are the only sure reliance

for the preservation of our liberty.,, Thomas Jefferson

Students of the Lewis and Clark remembrances of them," he would be In 1878 a Congressional Resolution Expedition are cognizant that it gratified by a "plain die or cube ... appropriated monies for a replace­ was Thomas Jefferson who con­ surmounted by an Obelisk" bearing men t monument, but the project ceived a nd implemented the explor­ the words: bogged down. Again in 1882, Con­ ing enterprise and set the patterns "Here was buried I Thomas Jeffer­ gress appropriated $10,000. This for the westward expansion of our son I Author of the Declaration of was twice the earlier sum. In mid­ country. Many Lewis and Clark American Independance I of the Sta­ April 1883, the new and larger enthusiasts and Foundation mem­ tute of Virginia for religious freedom monument weighing about 16,000 bers are also students and admirers I & Father of the University of Vir­ pounds arrived and was installed at of our nation's third president. ginia."3 the grave site at Monticello. Few members of the Foundation, Such a monument was eventually Understandably, Jefferson's heirs however, are aware that Thomas erected at Jefferson's burial site on had been deluged with requests for Jefferson 's original (Monticello) the grounds of Monticello, but not the original tombstone. The quest to tombstone stands in the Francis until 1833, seven years after his acquire and bring the monument to Quadrangle on the campus of the death. His instructions were fol­ the University of Missouri origi­ University of Missouri, Columbia. lowed to the letter, with one excep­ nated with Dr. Frederick Fleet, pro­ The Quadrangle was the original tion. The granite specified for the fessor of Greek at the University campus of the University, created obelisk proved to be too coarse and and a graduate of the University of by the Missouri State Legislature in it was impossible to cut the inscrip­ Virginia. Th e University's presi­ 1839, and was the first such insitu­ tions into the face of the ston e. dent, Samuel S. Laws, a lso a Virgin­ tion established in the territory Instead, the words were carved ian, supported Dr. Fleet, and their involved with the Louisiana Pur­ upon a marble plaque a nd the efforts led to the gift of the stone chase.2 plaque was set into one of the four and plaque by certain great-grand­ faces of the obelisk. It was Jefferson children of Thomas Jefferson to the Writing about the tombstone, often who specified that the memorial be University at Columbia, Missouri. referred to as the University's "Jef­ made of " ... the coarse stone of It is apparent that Dr. Laws per­ ferson Monument", William Peden which my columns" are made, that sonally underwrote the expenses writes: no one might be tempted hereafter involved with the moving of the On the campus of the University of to destroy it for the value of the monument. Dr. Fleet journeyed to Missouri in Columbia stands a rough­ materials." Monticello to arrange for the ship­ hewn block of granite surmounted by The years brought poverty to Mon­ ment of the base, obelisk, a nd a weather-beaten obelisk approxi­ ticello and neglect and vandalism plaque to the University's campus.6 mately six feet in height. This Placed in the Francis Quadrangle, scarred and battered monument is to the simple monument. Unde­ the original tombstone that for half a terred by the iron gates and high it was unveiled on July 4, 1885, with century [1833-1883] marked the grave brick wall that enclosed the burial appropriate ceremony during the of Thomas Jefferson at Monticello place, souvenir hunters chipped institution's commencement serv­ [Virginia]. Its history, including the splinters from the monument itself ices.7 details which culminated in its being and the marble plaque bearing the In 1976 the monument was given a presented as a gift to the University inscriptions was loosened from the new setting in the Francis Quad­ of Missouri in Boone County, Mis· obelisk. Fortunately it was rescued souri, is a chequered one. rangle as part of the University's from destruction by a Lieutenant observance of the nation's bicen­ Shortly after Jefferson's death on Levi, who gave the plaque to Thom­ tennial. This included a new con­ July 4, 1826, his descendants found as Jefferson Randolf for safe keep­ crete base, a brick-paved courtyard among his personal effects the rough ing.5 and evergreen plantings. At the sketch of a tombstone and directions dedication of the new setting in for its inscription. "Could the dead," 3. Peden, William, The Jefferson Monument at Jefferson had written on the back of the University of Missouri, University of Mis· April 1976, Cancellor Herbert School­ a partially-mutila ted envelope, "feel souri, Columbia. 18 pages, n.p. ing made the observation that the any interest in Monuments or other 4. Probably the reference is to the columns monument would continue to re­ used in the construction of Jefferson's home at mind those who frequent the cam­ 1. Editor's note: J ean Hamilton, Marshall, Monticello. pus and pass this location daily Missouri, and the late Henry W. "Ham" 5. Lieutenant Uriah Leyy, U.S. Nayy, an that Mr. Jeffersson considered his Hamilton have been regular attendees at admirer of Jefferson, purchased the property Foundation Annual Meetings since 1973. (See founding of the University of Vir­ in 1836 and used Monticello as a summer ginia to be one of his major accomp- WPO, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 8-9; Vol. 10, No. 4, p. residence. The graveyard at the site was, how­ 21.) This monograph by Jean Hamilton re­ ever, retained "with free access" to the Jeffer­ 6. Peden, op. cit. veals another bit of interesting information son family. The marble plaque when it was for Lewis and Clark and Thomas Jefferson separnted from the stone column was given to 7. Shoemaker, Floyd C., "For A Patriot, 'Not a enthusiasts. Randolf (Jefferson's grandchild) who gave the Word More' '', Missouri Historical Review, 2. Official Manuel of the State of Missouri plaque along with the cube and obelisk to the Vol. XLIX, No. 3, April 1955, Columbia. Page 1975-1976. Jefferson City, p. 423. University of Missouri in 1884 or 1885. 423.

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(Left) Jefferson's handwritten design and suggested inscription for his tombstone. (Right) The tombstone at its first location on the University of Missouri campus. In 1976, the tombstone-monument was moved to its present location (see illustration on page 8) where it now resides in a brick-paved courtyard on the University's Francis Quadrangle. The date on the cube shaped base shows Jefferson's birthdate as "April 2, 1743 O.S. ", the O.S. referring to the old style calendar in use when he was born. Today's calendars indicate April 13th as his date of birth. The recessed portion on the face of the obelisk is where the marble plaque bearing the inscription written by Jefferson was originally installed. The plaque is presently kept in a vault in the University's Administration Building except for the annual celebrations of Jefferson's birthday, when it is placed on display. (See also, WPO, Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 11.) lishments. Schooling stated that the education of succeeding genera­ of the committee. A traveler a long " ...the establishment of the Univer­ tions."8 the trail of the famous explorers, he sity of Missouri in the territory Jef­ was with a group who made a float ferson had acquired will continue to The University of Missouri, the first institution of learning in the Trans trip from present-day Billings, be a most important accomplish­ Mississippi West, honors the third Montana, down the Yellowstone ment ..."in Missouri. As we shall River to its confluence with the president of our nation by naming see reported later in this mono­ its most prestigious award, "The Missouri. Chapman will also be graph, several ceremonies are held Jefferson Award", presented annu­ remembered as the scholar on that at the site of the monument a nnu­ ally to a faculty member who " ... Committee who strongly advoca ted ally; a nd these events signify an through personal influence and per­ that sites marked with the Lewis awareness of Jefferson's great faith and Clark Trail Logo be authenti­ formance of duty to teaching, writ­ in education which prompted his cated by the Expedition's journals. ing and scholarship, character and statement: "Educate and inform the influence, devotion a nd loyalty to whole mass of people ... They are In his acceptance address, Dr. the University best exemplifies the Chapman, Professor of Anthropol­ the only sure reliance for the pres­ principles and ideals of Thomas ervation of our liberty." ogy and Research Professor in Jefferson." 9 The award carries a American Archaeology, said in As late as 1982 efforts were still stipend of $1000. part: being made to secure the return of In 1984, this high honor was con­ the tombstone to Virginia. At that I became thoroughly involved with ferred upon Dr. Carl H. Chapman, Thomas Jefferson's concepts a nd time L. Carey Bankhead, president who long-time Foundation mem­ of the Monticello Association, sup­ ideals when I was Secretary of the bers will remember as the Secretary Missouri Lewis and Clark Trail ported leaving "things as they are." of the Lewis and Clark Trail Com­ In a letter to the editor of the St. Committee and representative of mitte of Missouri. Dr. Chapman Missouri's Governor at the Congres· Louis Post Dispatch, he remarked: participated in the early activities sional Lewis and Clark Trail Com­ "The family [Jefferson's descend­ mission10 meetings at different loca- ants] has no intention of dishonor­ 8. "Jefferson Tombstone Controversy Laid To ing its gift of the original tomb­ Rest", Missouri Alumnus, Vol. 73, No. 1, Sep­ 10. Public Law 88-630 (1964·1969). Upon the tember-October 1984, Columbia. Pages 4 & 5. retirement of the Commission in 1969, the stone to the University of Missouri, Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, where it stands as evidence of Mr. 9. The verbiage or citation on The Jefferson Inc. was organized, June 27, 1970, St. Louis, Jefferson's tremendous interest in A ward. MO.

We Proceeded On, May 1985 -7- tions along the Expedition's Trail from Illinois to Oregon. Although Jefferson did not accompany the expedition in person, he had a thorough hand in its organization and direction. It was to be a scientific expedition to note the ethnology, geography, geology, palentology, botany and zoology of the Louisiana Territory. Ifeel that I have been more fortunate than Jefferson - for I have visited first-hand most of the major points of interest along the Trail, including a trip down the Yellow­ stone in a replica of a double-dugout canoe used by the explorers on th eir return journey [in 1806]. l I first became interested in Thomas ' Jefferson's life when I came to the University of Missouri 38 years ago as Director of American Archaeology .... A colleague, Maurice Mook, h ad written about J efferson as an ar­ chaeologist, and reading that really piqued my interest. Among his many accomplishments, Jefferson was an Dr. Carl H. Chapman, Professor of Anthropology and Research Professor of amateur archaeologist and for his American Archaeology, University of Missouri, Columbia, is pictured in the time he surpassed all others in scien· University's Francis Quadrangle near to the Jefferson Tombstone-Monu­ tific techniques in the excavation and interpretation oflndian mounds. ment. In 1984, Dr. Chapman was the recipient of the University's presti­ His archaeological work anticipated gious award, "The J efferson Award" (see text). Long-time Foundation the fundemental approach and meth­ members will recall that Dr. Chapman served as Secretary of the Missouri od of archaeology by about 100 years. Governor's Lewis and Clark Trail Committee of Missouri, and as a Missouri He left a legacy, part of which I feel I representative for the Congressional Lewis a nd Clark Trail Commission10 have inherited today."11 (see text). It was fitting that the Thomas Jef­ ferson Award Ceremony on May 14, 1984, for Dr. Chapman, took place uary 18 to April 21, 1985, and will be To order the thirty-two page catalog in the Jefferson Monument Quad­ exhibited at the Buffalo Bill His­ described above, direct your request rangle, where the original Jefferson toric Center, Cody, Wyoming, from to: Smithsonian Institution, Muse­ tombstone-monument from Monti­ June 1 to September 2, 1985; at the um Shops, P.O. Box 44083, Wash­ cello is now located on the Univer­ Joslyn Museum, Omaha, Nebraska, in gton D.C. 20026. Enclose $2.25 to sity of Missouri Campus in Colum­ from September 28 to November 10, cover cost of publication, handling bia Missouri. 1985; and at t he Denver Museum of and postage. Natural History, Denver, Colorado, 11. "Carl Chapman Honored With Thomas from November 30, 1985, to Febru­ Jefferson Award", Missouri Archaeological ary 2, 1986. Quarterly, Vol. I, No. 1, April-June, 1984, Pages 4 &5. The t hirty-two page catalog pub­ Foundation Gift Author's note: It is of interest that the monu­ lish ed in conjunction with th e ment was removed from the University's Washington exhibit will h ave ap­ Memberships campus and loaned for display on the grounds peal to Lewis and Clark bibliophiles, If you have someone on your of th e Louisiana Purchase Exposition (St. because of the Washington and J ef­ Louis World's Fair) during 1904. Dr. Peden gift list who is interested in indicates that a few years later (1907) the ferson Peace Medals carried and dis­ American history and the James town Exposition entrepreneurs asked tributed to the Indians encountered contribution of the Lewis and for a similar loan for display on their grounds. by Lewis and Clark. This beauti­ Clark Expedition to our na­ The apprehensive Missouri University Cura­ fully produced and illustrated pub­ tors declined " ... for fear that if it were ever tion's westward expansion, a taken to Virginia ..." it might never be lication with the text written by membership in the Founda­ returned to Missouri. Francis Paul Prucha is titled: Peace tion, which includes the quar­ and Friendship: Indian Peace Med­ terly issues of We Proceeded als in the United States. Founda­ On, would be an appreciated Indian Peace Medals tion members having a n interest in gift. Exhibit and Catalog Indian peace medals will recall that \ Francis Paul Prucha, S.J., Boston The Foundation has an attrac­ Foundation Director Robert Taylor, College, Chestnut Hill, Massachu­ tive gift membership card J Washington D.C., has been kind setts, has previously made a major which will list you as the enough to provide We Proceeded On contribution to the literature related spon sor of a membership. with details and an appraisal of an to this s ubject in his 186 page book Send your gift membership fee exhibit at The National Portrait Indian Peace Medals in American together with the name. of the Gallery, Smithsonian I nstitution in History, State Historical Society of gift recipient and the occasion Washington. Bob reports that the Wisconsin, Madison, 1971. (The Uni­ (friendship, birthday, gradua­ exhibit is " . .. highly specialized, versity of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, tion, or holiday) you wish to small, and excellent" and is sche­ has published a reprint of the orig­ honor to the Membership sec­ duled to have future display at three inal edition by arrangements with retary whose address appears other locations. The Washington the State Historical Society of Wis­ on page two. D. C. exhibit was in place from Jan- con sin.)

-8- We Proceeded On, May 1985 The Lewis and Clark Exposition Gold Dollar

By Gerald R. Holcomb, M.D.1 Collecting coins is a fascinating (Extract from Public Law No. 111 - exhibit in the Manufacturers Build­ hobby a nd has been a pastime for 58th Congress.) ing on the Exposition site. In March many since the days of the ancient and June of 1905 the Mint made Greeks and Romans. A most inter­ Sec. 6. 35,000 dollars with a 1905 date,'41 That upon the approval of this Act esting facet is the history which the Secretary of the Treasury shall, extras for assay. The Exposition coins represent. This is particularly upon the request of the Lewis and closed October 14, 1905, and at that true of commemorative coins which Clark Centennia l and the American time only 9,997 of the coins dated differ in several ways from the Pacific Exposition and Oriental Fair 1904 and only 10,000 of those dated everyday coins used in commerce. Company, caused to be coined at the 1905 had been sold. The other 1905 First, their origins require a special mints of the United States not to coins never left the Mint and were Act of Congress since by law no exceed 250,000 gold dollars, of legal later melted. Thus, of 60,000 pieces change can be made in the design of weight and fitness, to be known as minted, 10,000 of each date were any denomination of regular coin­ the Lewis and Clark Exposition gold dollar, struck in commemoration of distributed and 40,000 were melted, age more often than every 25 years. said exposition. The words, devices, thus accounting for its relative rar­ The pattern to appear on a com· a nd designs upon said gold dollars ity. memorative coin is not legislated shall be determined and predescribed The Lewis a nd Clark gold coin is and the design of both the obverse by the Secretary of the Treasury, and 1 and the reverse of the coin approp­ all provisions of law relative to the quite small, measuring 14 12 mm in riate for the occasion to be cele­ coinage and lega l-tender quality of diameter. For comparison, the di­ brated may be acceptable provided all other gold coin shall be applicable ameter of a modern dime is about 18 the sponsoring committee and the to the coin issued under and in accord­ mm. Although it is not known for Treasury Department a pprove. In· ance with the provisions of this Act. its attractiveness, the Lewis and That the said coins shall be disposed Clark gold coin possesses the dis­ stead of delivery to banks, the of by the Secretary of the Treasury to Treasury or the Federal Reserve tinction of being the only U.S.­ the said Lewis and Clark Centennial minted coin having the likeness of Banks, commemorative coins are and America n Pacific Exposition received by the commission respon· two actua l persons on the coin. and Oriental Fair Company at pa r, Lewis is on the obverse facing left sible for suggesting them. Although under rules and regulations and in turned over at face value to the amounts to be prescribed by him ... and Clark on the reverse, also fac­ group requesting them, the commis· Approved April 13, 1904 ing left. sion markets the coins for a price Profits were to be used to finance generally dependent on the quan· completion of a bronze memorial tity minted but usually well above to Sacagawea in Portland. 2 the face value of the coin. The prof­ its which accure are a form of fund­ Unlike the Louisiana Purchase Ex­ position which it immediatley fol­ raising for the benefit of the partic­ Among the 11 gold commemorative ular celebration. With few excep­ lowed, the Lewis and Clark Exposi­ tion was not designated a n interna­ coins ma de between 1903 and 1926, tions, the actual usage of commem­ the Lewis and Clark dollars are orative coins in everyday trade is tional exposition a nd Congress did not authorize the president to ex­ considered to be the most rare. negligible, although each coin strict· Readers wishing to own a Lewis tend foreign invitations. Neverthe­ ly is legal tender and could be spent. and Clark dollar should know they The first commemorative coin of the less, 16 nations accepted invitations to exhibit from the sponsors. These are not inexpensive. In recent years, United States was struck in 1892 the low price for either the 1904 or plus displays dealing with the fish­ and marked the discovery of Amer­ 1905 coin was about $825 and this ica by Columbus 400 years earlier. ing, forestry and mining industries, seven major exhibition buildings, occurred in 1976. In 1980, the coin reached a high of about $5,000. The Although mint records are incom­ and conventional attractions result· plete, a gold dollar was a uthorized ed in a 406-acre exposition that price dipped to about $3,000 in 1982 by an Act of Congress of April 13, attracted 2,500,000 visitors during and has now risen to the $4,000 1904, to celebrate the lOOth anni· the period from June 1 to October range. These prices are asked for a coin which has not been circulated versary of the exploration of the 14, 1905. Louisiana Territory and Oregon and is in superb condition (MS-65). country by Lewis a nd Clark and the During September 1904, the Phila· Some coin dealers estimate that Corps of Discovery and the (1904· delphia Mint stxuck 25,000 Lewis specimens in superb condition could 1905) Lewis and Clark Exposition and Clark dollars plus an extra 28 sell for as much as $20,000 in just a held in Portland, Oregon, in their used for assay. These remained in few years. Certainly, coins that honor. vaults for nearly a year as the expo­ ·have been circulated a nd are worn sition opened on June 1, 1905. It is and not in the best condition can be The Act of Con gress which author­ said that a certain Farran Zerby obtained for much less money, often ized the minting of the Lewis and sold the Lewis and Clark souvenir at about 1110 the cost of a n uncircu­ Clark Exposition gold dollars reads: dollars at $2.00 apiece from an lated, mint state coin.

1. Editor's Note: Foundation member Gerald R. Holcomb, M.D., Rochester, Minnesota is on the staff of the Mayo Clinic in the Department of Hema tology and Internal Medicine. Dr. Holcomb's letter to the editor some time ago told of his interest in numismatics a nd noted that nothing had a ppeared in We Proceeded On relating to the rare a nd unique 1904·1905 U.S. minted commemorative Lewis a nd Clark Exposition gold dollar. His offer to provide an article for our publication about the gold dolla r was eagerly accepted, and we are indebted to Dr. Holcomb for his contribution. 2. Miss Alice Cooper, Denver, Colorado, working under the direction of famous sculptor Lorado Taft, created the well known bronze, heroic size, statute "Sacajawea" (sic). In the early 1900s, Eva Emery Dye (Oregon author of Th.e Conquest) was president of a n association of women residing in 01·egon and the "Trail States" frequented by the Indian woman clui·ing the time she was a member of the exploring plUty. This association raised money to fund creation of the statue. During the centennial exposition on " Sacajawea Day", July 6, 1905, the bronze was unveiled on one of the terraces at the exposition grounds. Following the exposition, the statute was moved to its permanent site in Portland's Washington Park. (See also, WPO, Vol. 6, No. 1, p. 12.)

We Proceeded On, May 1985 -9- Book Review white relations experienced, and culture are, in this reviewer's esti­ recorded, by Lewis and Clark. mation, the most significant. By Robert C. Carriker' Ronda is firm in his belief that Ethnohistory can easily become L ewis and Clark among the I ndi­ the India n s met by Lewis a nd Clark ponderous to even the most devoted ans, by James P. Ronda, University were essential to the success of the reader of sch olarly tomes. But Ron­ of Nebraska Press, 1984. Illustra­ expedition. Though President Th o­ da and the University of Nebraska tions, Bibliography, Notes, Maps, mas J efferson may have encouraged Press have ta ken great pains to en­ Index. xvii plus 310 pages. $24.95. his explorers to catagorize Native join a lucid writing style with a American culture in terms th at por­ pleasing format (the type looks smal­ This book is as good as stated in trayed the fodia ns as little more ler than normal, but is, in fact, just both its previews and its press re­ than a field investigation or as part as readable as Ronda's prose.) The leases. For several years, while this of some great Enlightenment exper­ book has a symmetry, a rhythm, book was being researched a nd iment, the expedition quickly fo und that makes it enticing, even allur­ written, Foundation members were the India n 's input was _not only ing, reading. Comparisons a nd ref­ given several "Previews of Coming desirable but necessary. Nati ve erences to activities at the extended Attractions ." Professor Ronda deli­ Americans were relied upon to sup­ camp at Fort Clatsop, fo r example, vered the 1981 Banquet Address at ply maps, route information, trans­ are contrasted with those at Fort the Thirteenth Annual Meeting,2 he lations, food, horses, a nd especially, Mandan, and then alluded to fur­ also authored an article in We Pro­ friendship, to the strangers passing ther when the expedition spends ceeded On" followed by a paper at through their territory. nearly a month among the Nez the 1982 Western History Associa­ Perce at Camp Chopunnish on the tion, in addition to participation in As recorders of ethnographic infor­ Clearwater River on the return jour­ 1983 conference on "Mapping the mation (as opposed to ethnological ney. North American Plains" sponsored informa tion, which is a crucial dis­ by the Center for Great Plains Stu­ tinction to Ronda) Lewis, a nd sec­ Ronda clearly has a high regard for dies at the University of Nebraska ondarily Cl ark, get h igh marks. the Native Americans met by Lewis - Lincoln. Most recently Ronda pre­ Their mini-essays on the Indians at and Clark. Sacagawea is given her viewed the content of his book at Fort Manda n, and also amon g the realistic due, but Ronda reserves his the "Enligh tenment Science in th e Shoshoni, Nez Perce, and Chinooks, special praise for the contributions of Pacific North west" symposium at are excellent, th ough Ronda cau­ previously un hearlded men such as Lewis & Clark College (Portland) in tions that their observations were Sh eheke, Cameahwait, Old Toby, February 1984. In each instance mostly concerned with external, or and Twisted Hair. In like manner, Ronda's efforts were well received material culture among the tribes. Ronda clarifies several previously by Foundation ·members, Indian The two Captains however, were misunderstood Indian cultural prac­ historians, a nd scholars of the west­ not as successful as diplomats tices, s uch as the use of women for ward movement. Upon completion among the Indians. Their view of the trade advantage or spiritual power, of the manuscript, but before its Indian geo-political world was sim­ though his justification of the petty release to the public in December plistic a t best, ill-informed and thievery and harassment by the 1984, the book was simultaneously clouded by Euro-American cultural Columbia River tribes falls sh ort of nominated for both the Pulitizer prej udices at worst. If the captains a satisfactory explanation. The Prize in American History, and the failed to persuade the Indians to poin t is that Ronda h as produced Ray A. Billington Prize in Ameri­ become children of a distant father, not only a readable book, but a bal­ can Frontier Hisotry by the Organi­ writes Ronda, it was also because anced one as well. zation of American Historians. To the India ns were politically sover­ Lewis and Clark among the Indians say that Foundation members have eign and not yet dependent upon is n ot a mere retelling of the Lewis waited in impatient anticipation for white man's desires. In 1804-06 they and Clark Expedition. It is a schol­ h ardbound copies of this volume is could afford to be arrogant to th e arly book of insight based upon an an understatement. But the wait diplomatic demands of Lewis and exhaustive investigation of a vast has been worth it. Clark inasmuch as they were politi­ literature on the Corps of Discovery Lewis and Clark among the Indians cally potent in their own territory. and their India n hosts. The promise is a la ndmark publication. In com­ It is in this area of explaining the of the book that Foundation mem­ bination with the several works of complex political-economic-cultural bers h ave been waiting for since Donald J ackson and Paul R. Cut­ relation ships among the Indians 1981 has been fulfilled. right, plus the continuing editing that Ronda excels. Step-by-step he task of Gary Moulton for the new instructs the reader in the ramifica­ edition of the journals, Professor tions of the Middle Missouri trade New Book Relates to Ronda's cogent observations in the system into which Lewis and Clark L. & C. at the Mandans book under review place the study were entering the American fur com­ of the Corps of Discovery on a new, panies, the desire of the Rocky The University of Oklahoma Press higher, level of scholarship. Care­ Mountain Indians for guns so as to has issued a prospectus describing fully combining the findings of a n­ off-set the advantage of other tribes a new volume: Early Fur Trade on thropologists, archaeologists, and who were bein g supplied by th e the Northern Plains: Ca nadian historians, Ronda presents a n eth ­ British tra ders above the forty­ Traders Among the Mandans and nohistory of the complex India n- nineth parallel, and, finally, the Hidatsa Indians, 1738-1 818: The link between the Plateau tribes and Narratives of John Macdonell, the Pacific trade system centered at David Thompson, Francois-A n­ l. Foundation Director Carrike r is on the faculty of the Department of History, Gon­ the Dalles on the Columbia River toine Larocque, and Charles Mc­ zaga University, Spokane, Washington. (See. with its proximity to European trade Kenzie.1 The work is edited by WPO, Vol. 9, No. 4, pg. 17; Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 8, goods. Ronda's book is filled with Foundation member W. Raymond 17, 18.) insights, but those on the connetion Wood,2 Professor of Anthropology, 2. Transcribed in WPO, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 12-17. between inter-tribal economics, in­ University of Missouri, Columbia, 3. In WPO, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 12-13 t ernational politics, a nd internal and Thomas D. Thiessen, Super-

-10- We Proceeded On, May 1985 visory Archaeologist, National Updating Lewis & Clark Park Service, Lincoln, Nebraska. Back-Issues ofWPO In Recent Periodicals Among the narratives/ journals re­ Back-issues of We Proceeded George Ehrlich, Professor of Art produced and annotated in this col­ On are available for purchase. H istory, University of Missouri, lection is the especially good docu­ Some early issues are paper Kansas City, has contributed an mentation of the dealings between plate photo-offset reproduc­ article of interest in the January whites and the Mandans and Hi­ tions of the original publica­ 1985 (Vol. CVIV) issue of The Penn­ datsas for the period 1 790 to 1806, tions and the quality of the sylvania Magazine of History and when several literate traders and illustrations are slightly depre­ Biography. 1 Related to the proposed the explorers Lewis and Clark ciated. Present-day printing publication outlined by Meriwether visited and wintered in or near the and mailing costs require that Lewis and publisher Conrad in Indian villages. The several traders back-issues be supplied at their April 1807 prospectus, Ehr­ recorded their experiences and $2.00 each to Foundation mem­ lich's treatise is titled: "The 1807 impressions of the visitors in lively, bers, and at $2.50 each to non­ Plan for an Illustrated Edition of colorful narratives. Students of the members. You may request a the Lewis and Clark Expedition". Lewis and Clark Expedition will copy of a "WPO Feature Story The author points out that docu­ n ote the documentations ofFrancois­ Prospectus", which lists the mented exploration of that time Antoine Laroque, the Northwest titles, etc., of feature stories originating in Europe included illus­ Company fur trader who lived with that have appeared in We Pro­ trations, and cites as examples the the Mandans while Lewis and ceeded On and in WPO Sup­ three British circumnavigations of Clark and their party wintered at plementary Publications. A re­ Cook, and the voyages of English­ their Fort Mandan. It was Laroque capitulation of book reviews man Vancouver and Frenchman La who made numerous comments that have been published in Perouse. concerning the Expedition, its lead­ We Proceeded On is also in­ Working with his Philadelphia pub­ ers, and its goals. He was also cluded in this prospectus. unsuccessful in making a request to lisher, C. & A. Conrad Co., Lewis accompany the Expedition.a Address requests for specific envisioned a remarkably ambitious back-issues, or for the "WPO publication about the Expedition 1. 400 pa ges, 13 illustrations, 3 maps, notes, Feature Story Prospectus" to: that would include maps, illustra­ appendix, references, index, 6 1/, x 9 1/1, July 5054 S.W. 26th Place, Port­ tions of plants and animals, rendi­ 1985, $29.9 5. land, OR 97201. Remittances tions of the scenery (the Great Falls 2. Dr. Wood has been a contributor to We Pro· should be made payable to the (continued on page 12) ceeded On. See: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 10-16; Vol. 10, Foundation. 1, pp. 13-15. 1. The quarterly publication of The Historical 3. See: Thwaites, Vol. 1, p. 252; Coues, Vol. 1, Society of Pennsylvania, 1300 Locust Street, p. 228. Philadelphia, PA 19107. Youngstown University Exhibit Related to Director Ronda's New Book (Relates to Book Review on Facing Page) · ~ \ J ~ J, I u:... rt11 , :i LEWIS AND CLARK : THE WAY n ~. ill ~Iii 1:a ~ iflJ =H o Do

"Lewis and Clark: The Way West" was the title of an attractive exhibit at the Maag Library - Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio. The display was in place during January and February 1985. The exhibit highlight­ ed aspects of the famous Lewis and Clark Expedition and celebrated the publication of James P. Ronda's new book Lewis and Clark among the Indians (see review in this issue of WPOJ. The exhibit was designed by Jim Ronda and was built by the YSU Media Center.

We Proceeded On, May 1985 -11- of the Missouri and the falls and the present and concludes his expo­ David Talbot, Oregon State Parks narrows of the Columbia), and sev­ sition by saying: Administrator, indicating that $5,000 has been allocated in the eral plates illustrating the appear­ "The lure of the expedition, how­ ance, dress and weapons of the sev­ State Park's budget for Lewis and ever, continues to attract attention, Clark Trail signing in Oregon; a eral India n nations encountered by and the new and comprehensive the exploring party. As bibliophiles report by committee member Flor­ edition of the ma'J>s and journals is ence Bookhultz regarding Whale of Lewis and Clark literature know, being published by the University the projected publication described .Site Park (wh ere members of the of Nebraska Press. With its appear­ Expedition visited the stranded in the prospectus never material­ ance, we will once again renew our ized. In addition to the explanation regret over the paucity of illustra­ whale on· the Pacific Ocean shore in January 1806) a development by the usually advanced that the failure tions authentic to the time and city of Cann on Beach Parks Com­ was due to Lewis's personal and places of the expedition. And official problems that inhibited him mission which will include an inter­ though the work of George Catlin pretive sign with a legend supplied from producing a manuscript, Ehr­ and Karl Bodmer does provide rele­ lich conjectures that perhaps the by the committee; and " Lead vant visual information, it was Agency" activity: application to publishing art at that time in Phil­ done a generation later and is far adelphia was not capable of produc­ include the community of Cascade too limited in its range of subjects. Locks, Oregon (on the Columbia ing extensively illustrated, multi­ The disappointment of Jefferson volume books comparable to those River east of Portland) in the Lewis and his contemporaries in the fail­ and Clark National Historic Trail; produced in Europe. He adds the ure of the 1807 plan for a fully illus­ observation that: " ... how could and a renewed investigation toward trated documentation of 'Lewis and the development of the trail from acceptable illustrations be created Clark's Tour to the Pacific Ocean' is to meet exactin g ethnographic and Fort Clatsop to the Salt Works and a disa ppoin tmen t we recognize, per­ the beached whale site. scientific criteria, when there was h aps especially so, today." no artist on the Expedition?" The minutes of the meeting reveal Readers will find that the author Recent Meetings: that the decision has been made for details Lewis's search for and en­ the choice of the site for the pro­ gagement of several artists (Peale, The OREGON (GOVERNOR'S) posed Lewis and Clark Pageant. Wilson, Pursh, de Saint Mernin, and LEWIS AND CLARK TRAIL COM­ The site selected is the Cullaby Barralet) and the contributions MITTEE held a quarterly meeting Lake location in Clatsop County, they were to make for the publica­ on Saturday, March 16, 1985. Chair­ Oregon (off Highway 101, midway tion. Problems involved with cost man Ch uinard called the meeting to between Seaside and the NPS Fort and productions of engravings are order at 10:00 A.M. and 16 members Clatsop National Memorial). The cited, as well as to the price that of the committee were present. Lewis and Clark Historical Pag­ people would be willing to pay for Three new committee members ap­ eant, Inc., is the name for the organ­ such an elaborate publication. He pointed by Oregon Governor Ati­ ization seeking to develop, staff, deals with William Clark's involve­ yeh: Florence Bookhultz, Cannon and fund the undertaking. ment, following Lewis's death in Beach; Malcolm Buffum and Laur­ There was a discussion concerning 1809, to bring some type of narra­ en Aimonetto, both of Portland, the planning for the national Foun­ tive based on the manuscript jour­ were introduced. Aimonetto is the dation's 18th Annual Meeting to be nals into print. This effort, after committee's representative for held in Oregon in 1986. Committee considerable delay, resulted in the Colonel Friedenwald of the Army members Michael Bordeaux and two volume paraphrase edited by Corps of Engineers. Malcolm Buffum have been inves­ Nicholas Biddle and published by Roy Craft, chairman of the State of tigating sites for activities, motel­ Bradford & Inskeep in 1814. The Washington Lewis and Clark Trail hotel facilities, etc. Buffum is the success of the earlier (1807) paraph­ Committee, attended the meeting individual appointed by national rase of the journa l kept by the and reported on the forthcoming President William Sherman for the Expedition's Sergeant Patrick Gass (May 4, 1985) Annual Washington­ selection of the Foundation's an­ is described a nd the indication is Oregon Lewis and Clark Sym­ nual meeting site(s). Program for that the public's curiosity about the posium to be held in Pomeroy, the meeting will be the responsibil­ exploring enterprise was at least Washington and Lewiston, Idaho. ity of the 18th Annual Meeting Pro­ partially satisfied. There were six This year's symposium will include gram Committee to be appointed by more Gass editions printed between members of the Idaho (Governor's) the Foundation's 1985-1986 presi­ 1808 and 1814 - three editions in Lewis and Clark Trail Committee, dent. Oregon Committee Chairman Europe (London, Paris, and Wei­ who will have a part in the pro­ Chuinard has had exchanges of mar) and three editions published gram.1 correspondence with 1st Vice Presi­ in Philadelphia by Mathew Carey dent (President-Elect) Ed win Wang, (1810, 1811, and 1812). It was Carey Items on the agenda for the com­ and dates have been confirmed for who did add six full-page illustra­ mittee's meeting included the fol­ August 17-20, 1986, and the pro­ tions and Ehrlich describes these lowing: a motion recommending posed pageant will be a featured as: "At best ... rather naive depic­ that the terminology "Salt Works" event during the course of the an­ tions which superficially connected be the official designation, in lieu of nual meeting. to the text." The Gass journal para­ "Salt Cairn" for the Expedition's salt making establishment in pres­ Regarding the choice of a site for an phrase without a doubt satisfied a Interpretive Building for the Lewis part of the expected market for the ent-day Seaside, Oregon - nomen­ clature suggested by the staff at the and Clark Nature Trail in Lewis Lewis-Conrad work extolled in the and Clark State Park (east of Port­ prospectus. NPS Fort Clatsop National Memo­ rial;2 the receipt of a letter from land near Troutdale, Oregon), Chair­ Having explained the problems and man Chuinard read from a recent l. A report of this important meeting will conditions that resulted in the fail­ appear in the August (Vol. 11 , No. 3) 1985 letter from David Talbot, Oregon ure of producing Lewis's ambitious issue of WPO. State Parks Administrator, which 1807 plan for the production of an 2. A s uggestion by the editor of WPO in 1974 reiterated firm opposition to locat­ illustrated edition, Ehrlich turns to that met with much opposition. ing the Interpretive Building adja- -12- We Proceeded On, May 1985 cent to the Nature Trail. Chuinard mile portage around the Great Falls Unfortunately inclement weather, h ad asked ifthere might be a re-eval­ of the Missouri River that is per­ including high winds and a tornado uation of this stand in view of the manently installed in the terminal warning, caused the meetin g to be non-developmen t of the land be­ building at the Great Falls Interna­ cancelled. A report from that re­ tween Highway I-84 and the rail­ tional Airport; and the continued scheduled meeting will a ppear in a road. There was considerable dis­ sale of maps (see page 14) and oth er forthcoming issue of We Proceeded cussion and the point was raised as publications relating to Lewis and On. to whether or not an Interpretive Clark history and h eritage in the Building might still be constructed area. in this area. The discussion ended Pres. Sherman Presents with committee member Roger * * * * * * KJHS L & C Essay Award Mackaness presenting a motion The OREGON LEWIS AND that the city of Troutdale consider CLARK HERITAGE FOUNDA­ approaching Oregon State Parks to TION (an affiliate of the n ational develop some a rra ngement to Foundation and the Oregon Histor­ acquire or manage Lewis and Clc:irk ical Society) held its first 1985 quar­ State Park. The motion was ap­ terly meeting on April 3rd. Because proved unanimously. of parking problems a nd other con­ siderations, the organization's meet­ The meeting, without luncheon, ing place has been changed to the was adjourned at 3:15 P.M. Dubach Room, Templeton Center, * * * * * * Lewis and Clark College, in south­ The P ORTAGE ROUTE CH AP­ west Portland. Following the busi­ TER of the national Foundation, ness meeting, wh ich included con­ Great Falls, Monta na, continues to siderable discussion r elated t o hold monthly meetings, and since meeting program content, Vice last reported in WPO this vital and President Malcolm Buffum provid­ enthusiastic organization h as h eld ed a book review of Dr. James Ron­ meetings on January 28th, Febru­ da's new book Lewis and Clark ary 15, March 25, and April 22nd. among the Indians. Malcolm was joined later in the evening by James By good fortune President Bill At the March meeting, Bob Singer, Fort Benton, owner-operator of the Pierson and their presentation was Sherman was in Louisville, Ken­ Missouri River Outfitters, Inc., pre­ titled "Weapons of the Lewis a nd t ucky the week of April 15th, a nd took extra time to attend the Annu­ sented a slide-illustrated talk of the Clark Period" a nd their program al Meeting of the Kentucky Junior Missouri River White Cliffs area included the display of replicas of some of t he firearm s related to the Historical Society on Saturday, (sixteen cha pter members are plan­ April 19th in Richmond, Kentucky, ning a float trip with Singer time of the Expedition. Meetings for through the area this coming July the balance of 1985 were announced before he returned to Portland. The 13th). Wilbur Werner, Cut Bank, as follows: Field Trip, June 22nd, KJHS event wa.s held this year on the campus of East Kentucky Uni­ will speak at the organization 's Fort Canby-Cape Disappointment, Lewis and Clark Interpretive Cen­ versity a nd was attended by some May 20th meeting about the two Lewis and Clark locales in Glacier ter; October 9th, Lewis and Clark 700 boys and girls from various College; and December 11th, Lewis chapters of the society through the a nd Pondera Counties (near Cut state of Kentucky. Bank) - the "Camp Disappoint­ and Clark College. ment" site, a nd the "Two Medicine * * * * * * Kimberly Wisdom, Green County River Fight Site" - and on June High School, was the Lewis and There is information from Omaha, 15th he will conduct a tour for ch ap­ Clark Essay Contest's Grand Prize ter members to these historic places. Nebraska, detailing the organiza­ winner , and Sherman made the tion of THE NEBRASKA-IOWA There will be a June 24th field trip presentation of the Foundation's at­ for the organization to the Soil Con­ LEWIS AND CLARK ASSOCIA­ tractively framed certificate a nd a TION and the prospects are that servation Service's natural area check for $100.00. this organization will become a n near Crooked Falls, and this will be followed by a picnic at Ryan P ark affiliate or chapter of the Lewis and This is the third year that the foun­ (th e Montana Power Company's Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, dation has spon sored the essay con­ Inc. A group of 45 to 50 individuals recreational facility at Ryan Dam test in cooperation with the Society, held an "Informational and Organ­ and the popularity of the contest - the h ydroelectric installation at ization a l" meeting on March 5, attracts many entries. Organiza­ Meriweth er Lewis's "Great Falls of the Missouri"). 1985. F oundation Past President tions or sch ool systems wishing to Strode Hinds and Foundation Past sponsor a Lewis and Clark essay or The chapter is pursuing a number Director Mildred Goosman, a nd art contest should develop their own of exciting and important projects: Foundation Director Gary Moulton rules a nd guidelines. This informa­ the a uthentication of a suspected attended the meeting. Local organ­ tion and request for participation site of an Expedition cach e; the izers Jack Schmidt, Dick Fletcher, should be forwarded to the Founda­ support of the activities associated Tom Gilbert, Charles Martin, Steve tion's Secretary (address on page with the recently appointed (Gover­ Kemper, Mark Hinds a n d many two). The secretary will forward the nor's) Montana Lewis and Clark others h ave enthusiastically sup­ request to the ch airmen of the Trail Advisory Council; an interest ported the activity. A steering com­ Foundation 's Young Adults Activ­ in the development of a Lewis and mittee a ppointed at the March 5th ity Committee a nd th e Monetary Clark Interpretive Center in the meeting met on March 14th for the Grants Committee. The committees' Great Falls area; the editing and purpose of preparing a ~ l ate of pro­ consideration will be forthcoming, printing of the ha nd-out brochure tem officers to present at a sched­ a nd arrangements made for the relating to the giant (Orduno) mural uled meeting on April 19th, at the preparation of the framed certifi­ that describes the Expedition's 18 W. Dale Clark Library, Omaha. cate(s) and monetary award(s). We Proceeded On, May 1985 -13- Jacques Cousteau Documentary on Mississippi-Missouri Rivers Provides Views of Lewis and Clark Country Lewis and Clark enthusiasts may in the same bottomland where the are sequences describing the pre­ have already seen or may look for­ Expedition established one of their historic denizens - the sturgeon and ward to the syndication of a two camps in 1805. " It is nearly two paddlefish - from the depths of the hour TV documentary titled centuries since Lewis and Clark inundation that is now the Fort "Cousteau: Mississippi". The Cos­ gazed in awe at the apparitions that Peck Reservoir. teau Society's ship Calypso sailed hem the rive!," Cousteau says in his the entire length of the Mississippi commentary. "I, too, share their The first showings of the documen­ twice during 1983. Their studies in­ astonishment; surrounded by these tary were via WTBS-Atlanta-Cable cluded plant and animal life in and walls of spires and figures. I feel on April 2, 7, and 29. Syndication is alon g the river and in addition re­ myself in the ruins of some vast and indicated to follow on some 76 or ferred to the problems of pollution. ancient edifice, a museum in time."1 more local TV stations in markets Original plans for the documentary nationwide. If you did not have the did not include segments related to During the Cousteau party's five opportunity to view the WTBS the Mississippi's largest tributary, Cable presentations, watch for no­ but the Society's advanced scouts weeks in Montana, footage was made from the Society's helicopter tice of showings on your local TV were so impressed with the scenery, station. Lewis and Clark country environment, and history of the of the birth of the Missouri River at Three Forks where the Jefferson, fared well in this latest Cousteau Missouri that Cousteau traveled to enterprise. Montana from Paris, France, to Madison, and Gallatin Rivers join view this region. their waterways to form the Mis­ souri. Spectacular scenery has been 1. Cousteau's statements are synonymous with Meriwether Lewis's " ... Clifts which A lengthy segment of the docu­ included along the Missouri north exhibit a most romantic appearance," and his mentary made on the stretch of the of Helena known as "The Gates of " ... seens of visionary inchantment . .." See Missouri downriver from Fort Ben­ the Mountains."2 There is also an Reuben Thwaites (Editor), Original Journals ton, Montana, through the White exdting rafting scene made on the of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804·1806, Dodd, Mead & Co., N.Y., 1904. Reprint edi­ Cliffs area is the only segment con­ Madison River's treacherous "Bear tions: Antiquarian Press, N.Y., 1959; Arno taining live-voice commentary by Trap Canyon" near the community Press, N .Y., 1969. Vol. 2, pp. HXJ.102. Cousteau. Travel through this area of Norris. At Fort Peck Dam, near 2. Lewis journal (ibid. Vol. 2, p. 248) states: was by motorized rubber craft and Glasgow, the film reveals the first " ... from the singular appearance of this most of this portion was filmed of the seven major dams and the place I call it th e gates of the rocky moun­ from a hovering helicopter. Cou­ tains." This is a stretch of the Missouri River radical changes that now involve where it creates a spectacular gorge as it cuts steau is shown playing a n accor­ "the once truant Missouri." In this through a spur of the Big Belt Mountains dian at a campsite they established section of the documentary there about 5 miles north of Helena, Montana.

COLLECTOR'S ITEMS! MAP OF THE EXPEDITION'S PORTAGE AT THE GREAT FALLS OF THE MISSOURI PROVIDES CARTOGRAPHIC DETAILS AND A CHRONICLE OF THE ORDEAL AND TRIUMPH OVER THIS BARRIER TO THEIR WESTWARD PROGRESS

Foundation member, cartographer Robert N. Bergan­ A second cartographic study by Bergantino is a 20 X 28 tino, Butte, Montana, with a thorough understanding inch (image size) reproduction of William Clark's June of the Expedition's travel route and activities in the 1 7-19, 1805, survey of the Great Falls (the several falls), Great Falls area, has produced an outstanding carto­ and his June 23, 1805 survey of the portage route. Addi­ graphic gem. Measuring 23 X 30 inches (image size) tional details (and a part of this study) have been and reproduced on fine paper, in addition to the carto­ derived from maps in the Captain's field notebooks and graphy, Bob has lettered-in some fifty journal entry from Clark's journal entries for July 8, 1805, and his excerpts in his expert calligraph y. These pin-point "Courses and Distances" (Thwaites: VI: 5-8). exact locations and provide a chronicle of the experien­ ces and accomplishments of the Captains and their party while effecting the arduous 18 mile portage The two maps described here were produced in time to around the series of falls in this area. be available for purchase by attendees at last August's If you have struggled through the journal texts and 16th Annual Meeting. Additional copies of the two endeavored to fix in your mind the intricate details and maps are available. Send your order with remittance of geography of this segment of the journey, you will find $17.00 (for both maps including postage and handling) it attractively and accurately portrayed in this medium to: Portage Route Chapter, P.O. Box 2424, Great Falls, by Bob Bergantino. MT 59403.

-14- We Proceeded On, May 1985 Josephine M. Love Josephine Love was born in Fort Marian L. Sherman 1892 - 1985 Robinson, Nebraska. Her father 1911-1985 was a civilia n employee with the Well-known as a maker of historical U.S. Army, and the family moved to The Foundation regrets the March flags, Josephine M. Love, Astoria, Fort Wall a Wall a in sou th east 3, 1985 passing of Marian L. Sher­ Oregon, passed away J a nuary 24, Washington state, where she attend­ man, Portland, Oregon, wife of our 1985. Mrs. Love made many differ­ ed school and married James V. President Bill Sherman. Marian and en t designs of the American flag Short. They owned and operated a Bill have been regular attendees at including facsimiles of the flag car­ wheat ranch near Walla Walla. Fol­ our annual meetings since 1977, and ried across the continent by the lowin g Mr. Short's death, she h er presence and friendship will be Lewis and Clark Expedition. Over moved to Astoria, Oregon a nd in missed by the m any Foundation 100 of her Lewis and Clark flags 1950 married Chester M. Love. Mr. members who knew her. In addition h ave been distributed over the years Love passed away in 1969. Jose­ to Bill, she is survived by a son, to Trail State Governors and histor­ phine was an active member in sev­ Roger Sherman, Portland; a daugh­ ical societies. eral fraternal organizations, and ter, Charis Howser, Spokane, Wash­ In 1974 during the Sixth Annual worked for more than 40 years with ington; and six grandchildren. Meeting of the Foundation at Sea­ the local Red Cross chapter. She side-Astoria, Oregon, - Ilwaco­ was a mem her of the Clatsop Cape Disappointment, Washington, County Historical Society, and af­ one of her Lewis a nd Clark flags filiated with the Lewis and Clark was given to the Foundation. The Tra il Heritage Foundation soon flag was presented to the late Foun­ after its organization. She is sur­ dation charter member E.E. "Boo" vived by a son, James V. Short, Macgilvra by E.M. Marriott. Mr. Walla Walla, four sisters, a brother, Marriott was a close friend a nd a stepdaughter, stepson, grandchil­ associate of Mrs. Love and together dren, step-grandchildren, nieces, they presented their programs1 and nephews. titled "Evolution of Our Flag". The presentation was made at the Sixth News Note Change of Address Annual Banquet, a nd in accepting M embers of the F ounda­ A costly part of the distribution the flag "Boo" suggested that the and mailing of our quarterly pub­ flag should carry the terminology tion's (ad hoc) Liaison With Nature Conservancy of Canada - Mack­ lication, WE PROCEEDED ON "The Foundation President's Flag" is the administration and ha n­ and should remain in his custody enzie Trail Committee (Chairman Ralph Rudeen, Victor Eklund, a nd dling of mailed-out copies of the during his term as president, be publication that are returned be­ displayed at each annual meeting, Bob Lange) met recently with Mr. Russell J. Irvine, Director, The Her­ cause the addressee has moved. and passed to the incoming presi· Whether or not members have dent at the annual banquets. itage Conservation Branch, Minis­ try of Provincial Secretary and left a forwarding address with Government Services, Victoria, their post office when they B.C., a nd John Woodworth, Kelow­ moved, WPO is returned to the na, B.C. For several years, Wood­ Foundation. We mail our maga­ worth has spearheaded a movement zine on a Non-Profit-Organiza­ to preserve, interpret, and develop tion bulk mail permit (a reduced the history and heritage of the 1793 rate type of Third-Class Mail, at Alexander Mackenzie Trail across about .052 to .08 per issue depend­ British Columbia to the Pacific. ing on the number of pages, in­ Recent funding for beginning the serts, a nd total weight). This project brought the Canadians to type of mail is not eligible for Seattle, Washington to meet with forwarding and is returned to the the Foundation's committee to re­ sender (the Foundation). When it view and discuss the early (1970) is returned we are assessed "Post­ organization and the present activi­ age Due" at the regular single­ ties of the Lewis and Clark Trail piece T hird-Class Rate (any­ Heritage Foundation, Inc. A recent where from .56 to .98 depending letter from John Woodworth to the on weight). If and when we have editor expressed thanks to the com­ your new address (sometimes pro­ mittee for their interest and the ex­ vided by the post office), we mail change of information, and indicat­ out the returned issue to you and (Left) Past-President, Gail Stensland this postage costs us the same as (1977-1978) and the late Past-President ed that registration is underway for Mitchell Doumit (1978-1979) unfurl the the organization of the Alexander the "Postage Due" fee when it Foundation's (15 bar, 15 star) President's Mackenzie Heritage Trail Society. was returned. The total cost of Flag at the Foundation's 10th Annual This will be a lay organization , sim­ such tran sactions, therefore, Meeting, Vancouver, Wa shington, 1978. ilar to our Foundation, to work with costs the Foundation anywhere The flag, a replica of the E xpedition's the British Columbia Government from $1.12 to $1.96. flag, and a gift from the late Josephine Services toward development of the If you are about to move, it would Loue, Astoria, Oregon, was presented to Mackenzie Trail. the Foundation at the 6th Annual Meet· be much appreciated if you would ing, Seaside, Oregon, August, 1974. provide us with your new address (the USPS has a card for this 1. A 40 minute program presented to fraternal purpose, their Form 3576) - it will organizations, service clubs, youth groups and save the Foundation money as schools relating to the history of the nation's well as administration time. flags.

We Proceeded On, May 1985 -15- WPO SUPPLEMENTARY PUBLICATIONS These publications bring to members of the Foundation and others, s pecial items of interest, and on occasion, reprints of out-of-print publications that are not otherwise available.

WPO Publication No. 1, October 1976 $2.00 WPO Publication No. 6, July 1982 $4 .00 "Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting, August "Contributions of Phi'ladelphia to Lewis and Clark His­ 15-18, 1976, Great Falls, Montana" tory", by Paul Russell Cutright. 52 pages, illustrations. Contents: "President's Message", by Wilbur P. Werner; "Sta­ Dr. Cutrigh t provides an in-depth study of activities related to tus of Missouri River Breaks Wild and Scenic River Legis­ the Expedition in Philadelphia, both before (1803) and after lation", by Edwin Zaidlicz; "Sacagawea and Sacagawea (1807-1814) the explorers' return. Litterateur Nicholas Biddle's Spring", by E.G. Chuinard, M.D.; "The Expedition 's Journa ls contiibution toward seeing to the publication of a narrative - Captain Lewis's Discovery and Desc1iption of the Great based on the Captains' journals is included in Dr. Cutright's Falls of the Missouri Ri ver", by Robert E. La nge; "The White fine monograph. Pirogue of the Lewis and Clark Expedition", by Bob Saindon. WPO Publication No. 7, May 1984 $4.00 WPO Publication No. 2, July 1977 .75¢ Lewis's Woodpecker - Clark's Nutcracker "Our Dog Scannon - Partner in Discovery" Color portraits of birds whose n ames m emorialize the sur­ Ernest S. Osgood's monograph about the Expedition's New­ names of Captains Lewis and Clark. Reproduced from color foundland dog. A delightful perspective of the canine member paintings by Marie Nonnast Bohlen through the courtesy of of the exploring party. Reprint from Montana the Magazine of Fawcett Publications a nd publisher Prentice-Hall, Inc. Western History, Vol. XXVI, No. 3, Summer 1977. Two 8 X 10 inch portraits with descriptive captions on fine WPO Publication No. 3, July 1978 $1.50 paper stock in authentic color, and suitable for framing. "Beacon Rock on the Columbia: Legends and Tra­ For more information concerning the ornithology of the Lewis ditions of a Famous Landmark", by Henry J_ Biddle. and Clark Expedition, see We Proceeded On, Vol. 10, Nos. 2 & 3, May 1984. A rep1in t of Biddle's 1925 monograph concerning the acqui­ sition and preservation of the 800 foot high landmark on the WPO Publication No. 8, November 1984 Columbia River. Lewis a nd Clark described the geologic for­ $3.00 mation in 1805-1806. Annotations by Robert E. La nge. "Meriwether Lewis and William Clark and the Dis­ WPO Publication No. 4, December 1980 covery of Montana", by Harry W. Fritz, 32 pages, maps. $2.50 This is an unabridged transc1ipt of a paper presented at the "Three Papers Presented at the Foundation's 12th An­ 16th Annual Banquet of the Foundation, Great Falls, Mon­ nual Meeting, Omaha, Nebraska, and Sioux City, Io wa, tana, August 8, 1984. Dr. Fritz in his fine speaking a nd writing Aug ust 20-22, 1980" style, a nd backed by his exten sive knowledge, has produced this review of the purpose, organization and personnel of th e Contents: "Sergeant Floyd and the Floyd Memorial a t Sioux exploring enterprise. In addition it presents a fine recapitu­ City, Iowa", by Edward Ruisch ; "Some Thoughts on the Death lation of the Expedition's documentation of their experiences of Sergeant Charles Floyd", by E.G. Chinard, M.D.; "Ex­ and discovery of what is today the great state of Montana. It pansion of the Fur Trade Following Lewis a nd Clark", by was in Montana where the exploring party spent the most Charles E. Ha nson, Jr. "traveling" days while traveling the most miles, overcame one of their greatest obstacles to their favorite river tra'(el (th e WPO Publication No. 5, August 1981 .75¢ Great Falls of the Missouri), and establish ed their most n u­ "Thirteenth Annual Meeting - Visit to the Missoula merous night encampmen ts. County Co urthouse - The Edgar Samuel Paxson Murals", compiled by Robert E. Lange. Prices for the above publication s include postage and The visit to the Missoula, Montana, courthouse was an event cost of production only. during th e Foundation 's Annual Meeting. This publication provides biographical information about Montana a rtist Order from: WPO Publications, 5054 S.W. 26th Place, Edgar Paxson , and description s of two of the eight Paxson Portland, OR 97201. Make checks payable t o the murals in the courthouse that depict incidents related to the Foundation. Postage stamps are acceptable in lieu of Expedition in the Missoula Area. checks.

THE FOUNDATION NEEDS THE CONTINUED INTEREST AND ENCOURAGEMENT OF LEWIS AND CLARK ENTHUSIASTS ON A NATION-WIDE BASIS. WE HOPE, IF YOU ARE NOT ALREADY A MEMBER, THAT YOU WILL CONSIDER LENDING YOUR SUPPORT TO THE FOUNDATION. IF YOU REQUIRE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, A PROSPECTUS DESCRIBING THE FOUNDATION, TOGETHER WITH A MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION, WILL BE FORWARDED PROMPTLY. ADDRESS YOUR REQUEST TO THE SECRETARY.

WE PROCEEDED ON derives from the phrase which appears repeatedly in the collective journals .of the Expedition: - "this mo ming we set out early and proceeded on ... " Capt. Meriwether Lewis, July 19, 180.5. "... wind from the S. W. we proceeded on . .. until 6 oC/cck ... " Capt. William Clark, May 14, 1805. " ... the fog rose thick from the hollars we proceeded on .. . " Sgt. John Ordway, June 29, 1806. "We proceeded on with four men in front to cut some bushes .. ." Sgt. Patrick Gass, June 18, 1806. "We set out early proceeded on past a Island on the S. Side... " Sgt. Charles Floyd, June 26, 1004. " . .. c:Wuded up ... We proceeded on under a fine breeze ..." Pvt. Joseph Whitehouse, October 10, 1800.

-16- We Proceeded On, May 1985