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Whack! Crack! Boom!: the Guns of Lewis & Clark

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Whack! Crack! Boom!: the Guns of Lewis & Clark I LCTHF's conservation origins.__ Dye and Hebard biographies.__ short rifle and airgun Lewis and Clark Trail H eritage Foundation I www.lewisandclark.org May 2006 Volume 32, No. 2 WARREN LEE, AIR POWER DIPLOMACYO 2005 ROBERT DAVID SEEMAN WHACK! CRACK! BOOM!: THE GUNS OF LEWIS & CLARK Contents Letters: Lewis's longitude readings; Fort Mandan temperatures 2 President's Message: New challenges as bicentennial winds down 6 The guns of Lewis Bicentennial Council: Connecting through the tree of life 8 & Clark, pp. 10-19 The Guns of Lewis and Clark 10 The Corps of Discovery's arsenal was a veritable traveling exhibit of the era's firearms technology By Stuart Wier The Short Rifle of Lewis and Clark 20 Could a recently discovered "Model 1800" be one of the weapons made for Lewis at Harpers Ferry? By Richard Keller and Ernest Cowan Meriwether Lewis's Wonder Weapon 29 The captain's airgun, which "astonished" the Indians, may have been a 22-shot repeater in the author's collection By Robert Beeman Reviews 36 Eva Emery Dye: Romance with the West; Inventing History in the American West: The Romance and Myths of Grace Raymond Hebard Looking Back 38 The LCTHF's conservation roots (Part I) By Keith G. Hay L&C Roundup 42 Gramentine elected; Williams retires; Sacagawea symposium Trail Notes 44 The short rifle, pp. 20-28 Volunteer support more crucial than ever On the cover Warren Lee's painting Air Power Diplomacy depicts Meriwether Lewis's demonstration of the expedition's air rifle at a meeting with the Yankton Sioux on August, 30, 1804. The air rifle was a repeater, and Lewis's ability to shoot it several times without apparently reloading astonished the assembled Sioux, some of whom rushed to the target tree to examine the bullet holes. Lewis's "wonder weapon" is the subject of Robert Beemao's article beginning on page 29. The two other features in th.is issue also address the captains' formidable arsenal: Stuart Wier's "The Guns of Lewis and Clark" (pages 10-19} and Richard Keller and Ernest Cowan's "The Short Rifle of Lewis and Clark" (pages 20-28). Prints of Lee's painting (commissioned by Robert David Beeman; © 2005} are available in both full-size (22 by 26 inches) and half-size on www.beemans.net. Conservation roots, pp. 38-40 Letters Lewis's longitude readings May 2006 • Volume 32, Number 2 We Proceeded On is the official publication of Your Biographical Brief profiling Rob­ was the use of calculated altitudes (in the Lewis and Clark Trail H eritage Foundation, ert Patterson in the February 2006 WPO place of measured ones) in clearing a lu­ Inc. Its name derives from a phrase that appears was most interesting. I am esp ecially nar distance. This was, in fact, a perfectly repeatedly in the collective journals of the grateful for your last paragraph concern­ orthodox alternative, and had been expedition. © 2006 ing Ferdinand H assler's fa iled efforts to known to navigators for some fo rty years. E. G. C huinard, M.D., Founder use Meriwether Lewis's observations to It was in Maskelyne's Requisite Tables, ISSN 02275-6706 obtain longitudes. The article's last sen­ as well as in the four most used and re­ tence- "Several years ago, when a physi­ spected navigation manuals of the time. Editor cist entered Lewis's numbers into a com­ That H assler could have been unfamiliar J. I. Merritt puter program based on the Patterson­ with it is outside the realm of reasonable 51 N. Main Street Ellicott method, 20 of Lewis's 23 obser­ belief. Pennington, NJ 08534 609-818-0168 vations proved correct to within half a My guess is, H assler's problems with [email protected] degree."-is especially significant. If true, Lewis and Clark's observations were ag­ this certainly explains Hassler's difficulty gravated by the copy of the journals he Volunteer Proofreaders in carrying out the work Lewis asked him was given. It seems reasonable to suppose H. Carl Camp to do. it w as hastily done and loaded w ith Jerry Garrett I have read that H assler tried to ob­ miscopied numbers. H e complained of Printed by PRISM Color Corporation, tain the original data from N icholas being unable to get his hands on a second Moorestown, New Jersey Biddle on the assumption that the "fair copy for comparison. With nothing to copy" furnished to him may have been work with but the often erroneous num­ EorroR.LAL BOARD inaccurate. He received no response from bers set down for the observations, and James ]. Holmberg, leader Biddle. for the courses and distances, it's not sur­ Louisville, Kentucky I would appreciate it if you could pro­ prising he eventually despaired of pro­ Robert C. Carr iker vide a reference for a paper about the ducing a geographically accurate map. Spokane, Washington physicist's work. Researchers today have two great ad­ Robert K. Doerk, Jr. ROBERT J. BOYLE, JR. vantages in getting past bad numbers and Fort Benton, Montan4 Lewiston, Id. missing information. One is that they Glen Lindeman have a good idea where observations were Pullman, Washington EDITOR'S NOTE: See Richard S. Preston, taken. The other is that editor Gary "The Accuracy of the Astronomical Ob­ Moulton has put different versions of the M embership Information servations of Lewis and Clark," Proceed­ journals at their fingertips. Membership in the Lewis and C lark Trail ings of the American Philosophical Soci­ Lewis and Clark seemed to take a dis­ H eritage Foundation, Inc. is open to the public. ety, June 2000, pp. 168-191. The paper can tinct interest in nautical astronomy, and Information and applications are available by be accessed on the Web at www.aps­ writing Membership Coordinator, Lewis and they did surprisingly well, considering Clark Trail H eritage Foundation, P.O. Box pub.com/proceedings. htm. A discussion Lewis's brief instruction and tl1e stresses 3434, Great Falls, MT 59403. of Preston's paper appears on page 11 of and distractions of the journey. They'd 2001 We Proceeded On, the quarterly magazine of the November WPO. have done a superb job if they'd had the the Foundation, is mailed to current members guidance of written advice tailored to the in February, May, August, and November. needs of the expedition. The "Astronomi­ Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted The last paragraph of your biographical cal Notebook " Patterson prepared for and indexed in HISTORICAL AllsTRACTS and sketch of Robert Pan erson touches on a Lewis didn't fill this bill. Whatever AMERICA: HISTORY AND Ltf£. widely accepted explanation of Ferdinand Patterson's virtues as a teacher and math­ Annual Membership Categories: Hassler's difficulty with Lewis and ematician, his "Notebook" is amazingly Clark's astronomical observations. It's a o Student $30 ut of touch with the orders J efferson lndividual/Library/Nonprofir $40 neat, satisfying explanation, one that we gave Lewis and the challenges the cap­ Family/I oternational/Business $55 can't help wishing were true. Unfortu­ tains faced. H eritage Club $75 nately it can't be. BRucrSTARK Explorer Club $150 As you correctly say, Lewis's obser­ Eugene, Ore. Jefferson Club $250 vations were turned over to Hassler who, D iscovery C lub $500 10 years later, "gave up in despair." But Expedition C lub $1,000 Your article about Robert Patterson and Leadership Club $2,500 then follows the modern explanation for the failure: "It turns out that H assler was his value to the expedition was so very The Lewis and Clark Trail H eritage Foundarion, Inc. unfamiliar with the valid, if unorthodox, interesting. It is also encouraging to learn is • tax-exempt nonprofit corporation. Individual observational method that Patterson and how good a job Lewis did in making his membership dues are norta.x deductible. The portibn Ellicott had taught Lewis." celestial observations, especially in view of premium dues over $40 is tax deductible. That supposedly unorthodox method of all the character assassination to which 2 ~ We Proceeded On May 2006 he's been subjected. It's so nice at last to read something good about him. By now you have probably picked up on what I assume is a typographical er­ ror in the article, which gives Patterson's year of birth as 1783. Going by the other dates in the article, I believe he must have been born in 1743. EVEDENE BENNETT Explore the heritage! Albany, Ore. Follow the Lewis & Clark Trail through the northeast corner of Kansas and discover historic towns, scenic river EDITOR'S NOTE: You are correct in stating vistas, fascinating museums, Native cultures and newly-developed that Patterson was born in 17 4 3 (the same year of binh as Thomas Jefferson's). interpretive sites in the beautiful land of the Kanza. Experience the drama and excitement! Visit our riverfront communities this September for fun-filled activities as Fort Mandan winter temperature we commemorate the 200th anniversary of Lewis & Clark's return from My thanks for two great articles in the the Pacific. Come see the Discovery Expedition of St. Charles, Mo., the November 2005 WPO: "0! How Horriable National Park Service's Corps II exhibit, plus re-enactors, demonstrations is the Day," by Terrence R. Nathan, and and other live entertainment. "Forecast: Variable," by Vernon Preston, Atchison - "Legends & Legacies" - September 15-17 which speak to the trying weather con­ Leavenworth - "River Fest" - September 13-17 ditions faced by the Corps of Discovery. Kansas City, Kansas - "Shall We Gather at the River" - September 15-17 Because both authors are professional meteorologists, I present the following www.lewisandclarkinkansas.com • [email protected] m:inor points w ith some trepidation.
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