Study Guide for School Days at the New Jersey Renaissance Faire

New Jersey Renaissance Faire 2016 NJRenFaire.com Facebook.com/NewJerseyRenFaire @NJRenFaire Facebook.com/NJRFedutainment 2 New Jersey Renaissance Faire

WELCOME TO CROSSFORD “There be magic in these woods” The small village of Crossford is a typical English village of the 16th century. It has its farmers, its miller, its baker, oh, and its magical forest. Perhaps that is not typical, but it is ordinary for the citizens of Crossford, as it has been for decades. This forest is very old indeed. It has an energy all its own. It is the home to many fairies who hold court within its very boundaries. During times of magical power, which fall upon the solstices and equinoxes, the forest finds a person in need of direction, someone caught at a crossroads...and it brings him or her here to Crossford. This gateway transcends not only space but time itself.

Where is Crossford? Crossford is a village in Northumberland, England. If it existed in 2016, it would stand approximately 20 miles southwest of Alnwick Castle, home of the Duke of Northumberland. However, as with all magical places, it has faded away with time.

Northumberland Northumberland is a county in Northeast England. It shares a border with Scotland along its northern edge. Due to its geographical location, it has been the scene of many battles between England and Scotland. As evidence of its violent history, Northumberland has more castles than any other county in England. This includes the castles of Alnwick, Bamburgh, Dunstanburgh, Newcastle and Warkworth. This violence extends back to the Roman occupation, and the famous landmark, Hadrian’s Wall, is one of Northumberland’s key features.

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What goes on in Crossford English knights and friends of Crossford’s own on our festival day? Sir Barry Brash. What impact could these knights have upon our travelling Vikings? Also While our village is firmly set in the year 1563, we have some missionaries from the south as always the magic of Crossford has brought of Spain, who have been trying to convert the us guests from another time. Today’s Moorish peasants who stayed behind after the magical story brings us our earliest visitors, yet. fall of the Alhambra. They have been forced You may know the stories of King Arthur as to return to England after some less than he was a famous, if not quite real, amalgam of glorious escapades found them in deep trouble Medieval English kings. Well, if you came from in the area. the North Germanic or Nordic Lands, you would be equally familiar with the tales of the As if that wasn’t enough, the Queen of England, Nibelungenlied. Legendary Kings of Burgundy, Elizabeth Tudor, has also decided to stop by and North Germanic Areas and the diverse Nor- find out just what is happening in this dic Lands including Iceland all appear within its mystical town. Northumberland may be a pages. These semi-legendary heroes are pulled long way from London, but rumors have even from as early as the late 400s to late 700s de- reached her Royal ears about the goings on. pending on sources. Unable to believe the rumors, she has sent her spymaster in training, Francis Walsingham, On our festival day we have Brunhilda, a ahead to find out the veracity of these tales. shieldmaiden, who has been commanded to What might happen when the Queen of all wed by her father, King Budli the Valiant of England arrives and discovers that the Duke Iceland. Her presumptive suitor Gunthar, of Northumberland has been hiding the truth Prince of Burgundy, has come to bring her to about the magical Woods of Crossford? wed. Brunhilda has refused, stating will she marry no man who cannot best her. Her Will Brunhilda find her true love? Will father has commanded her to travel to Gunther be able to best her? Will King Budli Burgundy where Gunthar will have the chance survive the trials and tribulations of having a to prove his worth. However, on the way rebellious daughter? All these questions and there, they find themselves instead in the more wait to be answered here in 1563 at the quaint English village of Crossford. Midsummer’s Faire in Crossford.

Also visiting Crossford this day is a madcap ª ª ª assortment of other visitors including Sir Sigurd of the North and Sir Lionel DeMarcus, 4 New Jersey Renaissance Faire

OUR CHARACTERS

When reading history books, we often feel distant from the people in them: George Washington is just a guy in a powdered wig who became our first President; Queen Elizabeth I was a redhead who wore huge dresses. They are so distant that it can be difficult to relate or understand that such historical figures were real people, with real feelings, real problems and real lives.

At the New Jersey Renaissance Faire you can experience history first hand. Speak with these people and talk to them about anything. Meet with William Shakespeare and ask him what inspired his plays. Ask the Duke and Duchess what it is like to live in a castle. Talk to knights about how to swing a broad sword, and why they needed them. Don’t just read the history – experience it. You’ll be surprised just how human these legends are. And learn just how legendary you can someday become.

Queen Elizabeth I (September 7, 1533 - March 24, 1603)

Elizabeth Tudor was born on the 7th of September, 1533. She was the second daughter of King Henry the VIII, but last in line to his throne. She was not crowned Queen until 1558, after the death of her elder sister Mary and brother Edward. Elizabeth the First was the last member of the Tudor dynasty, but the most prolific in her accomplishments.

Coming to power in a time of turmoil, Elizabeth was the first since her father to allow both Protestants and Catholics to practice their religions at the same time. Prior to this her sister Mary had forced many Protestants into hiding due to her staunch Catholic upbringing. Under Elizabeth’s rule, there was a resurgence in art and theater, as well as seafaring trade.

In 1563, when our faire is taking place, Elizabeth has been on the throne for only 5 years. And yet, unlike her predecessors, this is a time of peace in England. There are no major wars with any (Continued on page 5) School Days Study Guide | May 2016 5

(Continued from page 4) neighboring countries. Using this peace and prosperity to her advantage, Elizabeth has decided to go on “progress”, which means to tour the countryside. It was quite common for the Queen to go on progress during the summer when London became too hot due to it’s close quarters. The peasants and nobles were thrilled to see their Queen in person, and Elizabeth herself enjoyed these sojourns to the country to view the magnificence of her own kingdom.

Today Queen Elizabeth joins the Duke and Duchess of Northumberland at one of their summer retreats. They will host her and her entire entourage, some 300 people, at their own estate until the Queen determines she would like to leave.

Brunhilda

In Norse and Germanic mythology, Brunhilda appears in many old stories as a shieldmaiden (a woman who chose to fight), a valkyrie and an Icelandic Queen. Some women in Nordic countries like Norway, Sweden, and Denmark fought alongside men. Sometimes, shieldmaidens were shown as Valkyries: warrior women who brought dead warriors to Valhalla, a Viking heaven. Brunhilda is a skillful warrior as well as forceful diplomat. However, this would not save her, as all the tales end up with her being killed, usually in an inglorious manner.

She appears in many different stories throughout time like the Volsunga Saga, Nibelungenlied, and many Eddic Poems. A 19th century opera, Der Ring des Nibelungen is still performed today. While her father demands that she must marry to continue on her family line, Brunhilda will only marry a man who is able to best her in combat or feats of strength. If she were to marry, she’d have to quit her duties as a shieldmaiden in order to eventually raise children. Brunhilda swore this vow concerning marriage: “But I swore a vow: ‘I would marry no one who could know fear.

Brunhilda never ends up marrying the man she wants. Sigurd is her heart’s love, but he always wins her hand for another, Gunther, of Burgundy. In one story, the Volsunga saga, Sigurd rode

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(Continued from page 5) through a circle of fire to reach her. After they met, Brunhilda taught Sigurd the secret of the runes, and Sigurd was impressed with her intellect, skill, and beauty. Despite Sigurd’s courage, he was magically convinced to forget Brunhilda and marry another. Later he helped Gunther pass Brunhilda’s tests in order to win her favor, using magical disguises so that he might appear to be Gunther.

Brunhilda’s story changes details in every telling. This is to be expected as any ancient story was passed down through Oral tradition for hundreds of years before it was ever written down. Fun side note: the ring from the Nibelungenlied given to Sigurd by Brunhilda is generally considered to be Tolkien’s inspiration for the One Ring of his stories.

Vikings

Vikings - A term which originally meant rowers (pre-age of sail), became synonymous with raider or pirate. The term itself did not come into common usage as we know it until the 18th century. They were Germanic Norse seafarers from the area of Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Iceland. The height of their power has become known as the “Viking Age” in England and lasted from 793-1066. Vikings were thought to be savage conquerors and did conquer and claim many lands far from their homes (they conquered England in 1013). Some, however, did travel peacefully and make settlements across Europe and North Africa. Vikings also have a rich and lasting culture we still feel today. We mostly see it through the stories they left behind, their grand longships, and their finely crafted weaponry.

They are mostly known for their longships (also called dragon-ships) which helped them travel quickly across the seas and even in shallow water. This helped them travel up rivers and get away quickly if a raid went poorly. In the best conditions, longships traveled at 17 mph. Vikings traveled all over Europe and as far as North America (One of the most famous Vikings, Erik the Red explored parts of what is now Canada.) and traded with people as far as China. They sold items like honey, tin, wheat, wool, wood, iron, fur, leather, fish and walrus ivory. In order to get (Continued on page 7) School Days Study Guide | May 2016 7

(Continued from page 6) where they needed to go, Vikings would need to know the sea currents, winds, and stars. Many Vikings also could tell what land they were close to by the birds of that land.

Vikings were known for their skill in battle particularly with their large shields. Some Viking warriors wore wolf and bear skins when they went into battle and were called berserkers. They changed into battle, going berserk, and did not wear armor, believing Odin, the father of the gods, would protect them. The Vikings also believed in a number of other gods: Thor, the god of thunder; Baldr, the god of beauty; Frejya, the goddess of love; Loki, the god of trickery; and Sif, the goddess of earth. They wrote using runes and carved several messages into stone, many of which have been preserved. The runes are an ancient alphabet and runestones were used to communicate a number of things like marking territory, bringing glory to dead kinsmen, boasting about buildings, and explaining important events.

Vikings and Shieldmaidens Here are all of the vikings visiting Crossford this year

Traveling with Brunhilda Other Vikings King Budli, Brunhilda’s father Balder, Tarben’s brother Brunhilda. Shieldmaiden/Valkyrie Tarben, Balder’s brother Gunther, Brunhilda’s suitor Vidar, Young Viking Hagen, Gunther’s brother Skegox, Juggling Viking Gudrun, Gunther’s sister Ylva, Thora’s sister Hildegard, Shieldmaiden Thora, Ylva’s sister Svanhilde, Shieldmaiden 8 New Jersey Renaissance Faire

Introducing the Rest of Crossford Set out to meet as many of these fine folk as you can during your visit!

Nobility • Francis Walsingham, Future Spy Master • Duke Hugh Percy, Our Festival Host • Philomena Collingswood, Tutor • Duchess Elizabeth Percy, Our Hostess • Reginald Farthing, Music Tutor • Lady Elizabeth Percy, Daughter of Duke and • Una Verse, Court Astrologer Duchess • Jeremiah Billings, Bailiff • Lady Margaret Percy, Daughter of Duke and Duchess Knights and Squires • Lady Beulah Percy, Sister of the Duke • Sir Sigurd of the North, Visiting Knight • Lady Jane Seymour, Sister of the Duchess • Sir Lionel DeMarcus, Visiting Knight • Lady Silvia Poignard, Queen’s Companion • Sir Edmond Thomas, Visiting Knight • Lady Margaret Stanley nee Clifford, • Sir Henry Walingford, Visiting Knight Daughter to the Earl of Cumberland • Sir Barry Brash, Knight of Crossford (Continued on page 9) School Days Study Guide | May 2016 9

(Continued from page 8) • Sir Lucian Blackthorne, Knight of Crossford • Samantha Longsford, Tavern Wench • Sir Ian Pendergrast, Knight of Crossford • Lydia Longsford, Tavern Wench • Sir Markus Stout, Knight of Crossford • Gwendolyn Gardener, Vegetable Monger • Dame Bradamante of Warfield,Knight of • Lily Farmer, Widow/Puppeteer Crossford • William Farmer, Carpenter • Sgt. Snorri Tasker, Knight of Crossford • Lukis Willabe, Traveling Entertainer • Squire Bran, Squire to Sir Lucian • Evangeline Sherwood, Pirate • Squire Jack, Squire to Sir Ian • Thomas Swift, Jack-of-all-Trades • Ferdinand Fiddelsworth, Bard Townsfolk • Johanna Gutenberg, Inventor • Bridgette Escargot, Queen’s French Chef • Marna Katts, Rat Catcher • Francesca Bonita, Queen’s Italian Chef • Aurora Katts, Wisewoman • Brother Would, Christian Missionary • Maggie Katts, Wisewoman • Brother Could, Christian Missionary • Katherine (Kitty) Katts, Talismonger • Willard Malot, Executioner • Scarlet McGowan, Blacksmith Adventurer’s Guild • Patricia Sheffield,Butcher • Iron Jack McGowan, Leader • Heidi Flax, Weaver • Mr. Yu, Alchemist • Tilly Flax, Shepherdess • Max Chase, Woodsman • Honey Flowers, Baker • Joanna Perkins, Innkeeper • Sally Startch, Washer Wench • Ima Irons, Washer Wench

Wait, there are more?! You will also meet Crossford’s Glassblower, Blacksmith, crafters, artisans and all who make food provisions for the Duke and Duchess. And don’t miss your chance to cross paths with knights of Noble Cause, and be delighted by the amusements of our aerialist, jugglers, sword swallowers and more! 10 New Jersey Renaissance Faire

SHAKESPEARE’S WORKS

Two abridged works of William Shakespeare will The main plot of the play revolves around appear on the Willow stage this season. Katherina, the aforementioned “Shrew”, and her suitor and eventual husband, Petruchio. Set in Padua, in one of the Italian city states that Taming of the Shrew Shakespeare used for many of his settings, Katherina is the eldest daughter of Baptista The Taming of the Shrew is one of William Minola, a rich lord. Katherina’s temper is Shakespeare’s most well-known comedies and notorious, and it is thought no man would ever also one his of most controversial. It was most wish to marry her. On the other hand, two men probably written between 1590 and 1592, – Hortensio and Gremio – are eager to marry though the exact date remains elusive. her younger sister Bianca. However, Baptista has Depending on whom you consult, this is either sworn not to allow Bianca to marry before a piece of farce, or a disturbing treatise on the Katherina is wed. treatment of women. Either way, it remains one of his most produced works of theatre. Today In the meantime, Petruchio arrives in Padua you will see only a small portion of the entire from Verona. He explains to Hortensio, an old play, taken in a farcical light. friend of his, that he has set out to enjoy life (Continued on page 11) School Days Study Guide | May 2016 11

(Continued from page 10) after the death of his father, and his main goal is The rest of the play goes back and forth to wed. Hearing this, Hortensio recruits between the suitors for Bianca and the Petruchio as a suitor for Katherina. To “taming” of Katherina. However, today you shall counter Katherina’s shrewish nature, Petruchio get but a taste of the show, as we show off the employs reverse psychology, pretending every first meeting of the two fiery individuals. Watch harsh thing she says or does is kind and gentle. the sparks fly as they each find the measure of Katherina allows herself to become engaged to the other and somehow a match is made. You’ll Petruchio, and they are married in a farcical all be screaming “kiss him Kate!” by the end. ceremony during which he strikes the priest and drinks the communion wine.

Othello Return on one of our public 2016 Public Faire Days (June 4, 5, 11 and 12), and there will be a second abridged Shakespeare play on the Revels Schedule.

Othello was written circa 1603 with first performances recorded in 1604. Given its varied and enduring themes of racism, love, jealousy, betrayal, revenge and repentance, Othello is still often performed in professional and community theatre alike, and has been the source for numerous operatic, film, and literary adaptations.

Though handled with a comedic touch (and lots of blood) by NJRF directors, the subject matter is for more mature audiences. 12 New Jersey Renaissance Faire

TIMELINE

To give you a snapshot of where the events of our day are pulled from history, here is a timeline of Europe during the Viking Age (8th to 11th Centuries), the Renaissance (14th to 17th Centuries), and the Age of Discovery (15th to 17th Centuries).

563 Our Viking travelers hail from this time. 789 Vikings begin their attacks on England. 840 Viking settlers found the city of Dublin in Ireland. 866 Danish Vikings establish a kingdom in York, England. 876 Vikings from Denmark, Norway and Sweden settle permanently in England. 980 Viking leader Erik the Red discovers Greenland. 995 Olav I conquers Norway and proclaims it a Christian kingdom. 1000 Leif Eriksson, son of Erik the Red, explores the coast of North America. 1013 The Danes conquer England; Æthelred flees to Normandy. 1016 The Danes under Knut (Canute) rule England. 1028 Knut (Canute), king of England and Denmark, conquers Norway. 1042 Edward the Confessor rules England with the support of the Danes. Harold Godwinson king of England defeats Harald Hardrada king of Norway at 1066 the Battle of Stamford Bridge. William duke of Normandy defeats the Saxon king Harold at the Battle of Hastings.

Fall of Constantinople--Greek scholars imigrate to Italy bringing with them Ancient Greek 1453 manuscripts. European trade links by land with Asia are 1453 severed, leading many to begin seeking routes east by sea and spurring the age of exploration. Renaissance begins in Italy. 1492 Christopher Columbus lands in Bahamas and “discovers” the New World. 1503 Leonardo da Vinci paints Mona Lisa. 1506 St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome is rebuilt under Bramante. 1507 New World is named America after Amerigo Vespucci. School Days Study Guide | May 2016 13

Henry VIII ascends English throne. 1509 Michelangelo paints the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. 1512 Ponce de Leon “discovers” Florida. Machiavelli writes The Prince. 1513 Balboa becomes the first European to encounter the Pacific Ocean. 1517 Hernando Cortes discovers Mexico. Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan sets out to circumnavigate the globe. 1519 Cortes conquers Mexico for Spain. 1521 Spanish conquest of Aztecs. Verrazano, sailing under the French flag, explores the New England coast and 1524 New York Bay. Troops of the Holy Roman Empire attack Rome, imprison Pope Clement VII—the 1527 end of the Italian Renaissance. 1534 First book printed in Western Hemisphere, in Mexico. 1535 Jacques Cartier discovers St. Lawrence River. 1541 De Soto discovers Mississippi River. Publication of On the Revolution of Heavenly Bodies by Polish scholar Nicolaus 1543 Copernicus— gives his theory that the earth revolves around the sun. Queen Elizabeth I ascends the English throne--the Elizabethan Era begins and the 1558 Renaissance will reach height in England, credited for great drama of Shakespeare and Marlowe. The present day in Crossford. It is the height of the English Renaissance and the magic of the woods has brought together 1563 many historical figures from throughout the Renaissance as well as our special visitor Brunhilda. 1564 Shakespeare is born in Stratford-upon Avon. 1577 Francis Drake begins voyage around world. 1580 Francis Drake returns to England after circumnavigating the globe. 1584 Sir Walter Raleigh discovers Virginia. 14 New Jersey Renaissance Faire

1588 England defeats the Spanish Armada. 1590 Galileo experiments with falling objects. Plague outbreak forces closing of theatres until spring of 1994, during which time 1592 Shakespeare wrote the narrative poems, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece. 1599 The Globe opens, Julius Caesar is one of the first plays staged in the theatre. Queen Elizabeth I dies and James VI of Scotland becomes James I King of England. 1603 Lord Chamberlain’s Men—the company of players which Shakespeare wrote for and was a sharer in—becomes the King’s Men, with the patronage of King James. 1604 First performance of Shakespeare’s Othello. Jamestown is established--In 2016 it remains the oldest surviving English colony 1607 in America. The Globe is destroyed by fire. The theatre was rebuilt in 1614 and remained 1613 open until 1642. Shakespeare’s Globe, a modern reconstruction of the theatre next to the original site was opened in 1997. School Days Study Guide | May 2016 15

ENTERTAINMENT ABOUNDS IN CROSSFORD!

Storyline Duke’s Court, Human Chess, Grand Joust and Day’s End: Follow the story of Brunhilda as she must choose between her father’s wishes and her own beliefs. Meet the characters at the Duke’s Court. Follow the struggles in our full scale Human Chess Match and Grand Joust. The day will culminate, all will be resolved, and history will resume its rightful course in Day’s End.

Other School Day Revels

*Taming of the Shrew: The classic *Armor Demo: Join the Knights of play by Master William Shakespeare will Noble Cause as they demonstrate the be performed for your entertainment skills of the knight and the armor and pleasure in a half-hour abridged form. weapons that keep them safe on the field of battle. *History Speaks: Join Marshall Laww as he hosts a question and answer *Glassblowing Demo: The history of session with Brunhilda, King Budli, glassblowing will be discussed as the Shakespeare, and Queen Elizabeth. Bring molten glass is transformed before your your questions and prepare to learn eyes. Each show is it’s own time period. history from those who lived it. Lords of Adventure: Join Jack Bold *Beggars, Thieves and the Black and Roger Awesome for a comedy sword Death: Learn about some of the darker fighting show that will teach you about sides of the Renaissance from our Lord confidence, bully-prevention and being an Mayor Marshall Laww. adventurer in your daily lives. 16 New Jersey Renaissance Faire

*Peasant Dance: Put on your dancing *Shakespeare Approves: Watch shoes and join the villagers of Crossford the Bard himself entertain with one of for a lesson in the historical dances of his famous plays starring... you!! Be the period. ready to participate in an interactive retelling of one of Master Shakespeare’s Peasant Trial with Lord Mayor famous plays. Marshall Laww: Participate in a trial with the Lord Mayor himself. As Her Samantha Longsford Music: Majesty’s justice is upheld, students may Samantha Longsford, also known as local find themselves on trial. musician Chelsea Carlson, will be singing some of her original hits for you. Shelli Buttons, Aerialist: Be amazed as Miss Shelli Buttons defies Crossford Singers: Join the villagers gravity with aerial acrobatics and of Crossford for some rollicking music of spectacular feats of human potential. the times.

*Whipperwill Archery: Join Master *indicates shows with specific educational Archer Bill Darr for a lesson on the content history of the English longbow. He will perform shots that will amaze as this tool and weapon comes to life before your eyes.

Roger Awesome and Hildegard Sing: Roger Awesome and Hildegard regale your senses with period tunes. You never know what you might hear from these two! School Days Study Guide | May 2016 17

REVELS SCHEDULE FOR SCHOOL DAYS Medieval Roman Era Roman Guest Choice Guest Glassblowing Joust Field Demo Swain Swain Grand Grand Armor

Lords of Aerialist Aerialist Adventure Aerial Pointe Aerial Shelli Buttons, Buttons, Shelli Buttons, Shelli Marshall Laww Marshall Pesant Trial with with Trial Pesant Death Shrew Beggars, Willows the Black the Black Approves Thieves and and Thieves Shakespeare Taming of the of Taming Demo Demo Range Archery Archery Archery

Follow Brunhilda’s plot line in the highlighted plot shows. Brunhilda’s Follow Samantha Samantha Duke’s Grove Duke’s Roger Awesome Awesome Roger Longsford Music Longsford Music Longsford Crossford Singers Crossford Singers Crossford and Hildegard Sing Hildegard and Approves Approves Day’s End Day’s Shakespeare Shakespeare Duke’s Court Duke’s Ampitheater Pesant Dance Pesant Human Chess Human History Speaks History 9:00 AM 9:15 AM 1:00 AM 1:30 AM 10:00 AM 10:30 AM 11:00 AM 11:30 AM 12:00 AM 12:30 AM 18 New Jersey Renaissance Faire School Days Study Guide | May 2016 19

ACTIVITIES FOR YOUR CLASSROOM

Talk Show You play the upbeat need-to-know-everything talk show host, and assign each student a person from the Renaissance who they will portray in an interview. You may provide students with information on each of their Renaissance guest characters or assign students to learn more about their assigned person independently. In either case, students should learn some facts of the person’s life and be encouraged to further develop their own ideas about what it would have been like to be that person, including their behavior, feelings and point of view on matters.

On the day of the talk show, your classroom becomes the network studio stage and students step into the shoes of their Renaissance character to become your guests and audience. As guests, students answer questions in character. You decide whether your guests have traveled through time to appear on your talk show today in 2016, or your talk show is taking place back in the time of your guests. For the latter, you may wish to come up with a historical persona for yourself as the host and remind your audience that they are also back in time with you.

Make it fun and less stressful for students by having multiple guests on your talk show at once. You can group them in themes for each episode—have a panel of Renaissance artists one day, put nobles with opposing viewpoints History Speaks on your show together, any theme or scenario Prepare questions for our cast of that will produce dialogue works. Perhaps you characters before you visit Crossford. wish to discuss a current event of their time Students may interview Brunhilda, King with your guests. Ask a variety of questions— Budli, Shakespeare, and Queen Elizabeth some referencing points you want to make for at History Speaks, a formal Q&A hosted your lesson and some that are just for the fun by Lord Marshall Laww. See of it. Keep your audience involved by having Revels Schedule for details. them ask questions too. Students will also have the chance to ask The roles you assign students can be straight any of our historical characters their from this week’s history chapter or people burning questions as they encounter who your students create by your assigning and interact with them on the streets of them a class and trade of the period. Crossford. 20 New Jersey Renaissance Faire

 What have you done at YOUR crossroads? Throughout our festival day Brunhilda finds herself in a situation where she must choose between two actions—whether to do what her father says, or stick true to her beliefs. She can only pick one, and each choice will lead her down a different path with different consequences—consequences that will impact how history plays out.

Have students think of a time when they were at a crossroads—when they found themselves in a situation like Brunhilda and had to choose between two (maybe more) different actions. Have them write about the situation, what their choices were, which path/ action they chose and the outcome. Have them speculate how the outcome may have been different if they took the other path, and reflect on what they learned from their crossroads.

Adapt this for younger students by asking them if they have ever been in a situation in which they wanted two different things but could only have one. Have them describe it, write a few sentences about it, or draw a picture of it. Ask what they chose and if they were they happy with their choice.

Heraldry By the Renaissance, heraldry had gained clout as the “noble science of arms”. Its origins are Medieval, from the practical need to identify one’s friend and foe on the battlefield, and use of designs on shields to do so. Over time these designs grew to represent identity and nobility. Great meaning is in the selection of every color, shape, symbol and placement selected.

Have your students design their own coat of arms. It should include symbols and images that represent who they are, their background, their character, their strengths, and interests. Older students can be assigned to research the language of heraldry—the heraldic meanings of colors, division of the field, charges, and other symbols. They can even come up with a motto. Younger students may simply be instructed to draw images that represent themselves, such as a favorite color or pastime. As a community or team building exercise, design a coat of arms for your class or school together. School Days Study Guide | May 2016 21

GLOSSARY Speak like you are from the Renaissance! Here are a few of the words and phrases you may hear around Crossford...

Anon—soon, also a goodbye How stands the hour?— Prithee / Pray—please Art—are What time is it? Privy—restroom As you will—okay, whatever Mayhap—possibly Thee / Thou—you Aye—yes Nay—no Thy / Thine—yours Bard—originally a professional Nipper or Nipperkin—child Thither—there poet employed by a monarch or or children Whence / Whither—where nobleman, later used to describe any writer; Shakespeare is known How We Address One Another There are strict social rules or etiquette to follow when as The Bard. talking to each other in the Renaissance, especially if you Ere—before are lower class - and let’s face it, in the Renaissance most of us are middle or lower class. Fare Thee Well—goodbye Good Morrow / Good King or Queen: “Your Majesty” Den—hello, good day Gramercy / Thank Thee— Duke or Duchess: thank you “Your Grace” —an association of crafts- Guild Upper Class Men (such as a Noble or Knight): men or merchants that controls “My Lord” or “Good Sir” the quality of work and provides Upper Class Women (such as a Lady of the Court): training to apprentices “My Lady” or “Good Madam” Hail and well met—Hello, nice to see you Villagers: “Master” or “Mistress” Hark—listen Hast / Hath—has ...and it is always appropriate to greet our festival hosts Duke and Duchess Percy with an enthusiastic, Hither—here “God save the Duke” or “God save the Duchess” 22 New Jersey Renaissance Faire

EDU-TAINMENT

New Jersey Renaissance Faire Education Programs The New Jersey Renaissance Faire offers its own unique combination of entertainment and education—dubbed EDU-tainment—for students of all ages. Student groups visit the NJ Renaissance Faire, AND the NJ Renaissance Faire visits schools like yours!

School Days at the Faire are reserved exclusively for school and student groups as an extension of the annual festival which takes place the first two weekends of every June. Located at Liberty Lake in Columbus, NJ, the New Jersey Renaissance Faire, is a thrilling place for a field trip. Here lies the crossroads where fantasy meets reality. Revels abound and students learn firsthand what that hype in their history books is all about. The interactive experience of the Faire brings history, literature and arts curriculum to life for K-12 students.

Assembly Programs bring the revelries of the Renaissance to schools in 60- minute touring productions. Our company of players travels to schools throughout New Jersey, Eastern Pennsylvania and Delaware October through April.

Student Matinees portray a mix of historical and fictitious characters while sharing stories straight from classic literature. Our next Student Matinee program will be Stories from the Macabre featuring Edgar Allan Poe in October 2016.

In-School Performances, Workshops and Residencies delivered by NJRF Teaching Artists and Performers are available YEAR-ROUND. Our Teaching Artists are trained professionals in acting, stage combat, improvisation and interactive theatre, with extensive experience in Shakespeare, history, literature, performing arts and more. They provide first-hand experiences, which bring history, literature and arts curriculum to life.

Contact Caroline Leipf at [email protected] to learn more about any of our education programs. School Days Study Guide | May 2016 23

NOTES New Jersey Renaissance Faire, LLC 1195 Florence-Columbus Road, Bordentown, NJ 08505 [email protected] | 888.864.8222 | www.njrenfaire.com

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Special thanks to all the Teachers, Administrators, Parents and School Personnel who work passionately to educate young people. The creativity and experiences you provide are the foundation from which they will become future Renaissance men and women. ªªªªª



Andy Pritikin Producing Director Phillip Leipf Artistic Director T.J. Miller Entertainment Director John Williams Personnel Director Caroline Leipf Director of Education Programs