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Home , Brunhild, Gram (mythology), Grimhild, Gudrun, Gunther, Hagen (legend)

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J. R. R. Tolkien,Christopher Tolkien | 384 pages | 05 May 2009 | HarperCollins Publishers | 9780007317233 | English | London, United Kingdom The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún - Wikipedia

She is believed to have her origins in Ildicolast wife of the Hunand two queens of the Merovingian dynastyBrunhilda of Austrasia and . Both traditions also feature a major rivalry between Gudrun and BrunhildGunther's wife, over their respective ranks. In the Norse tradition, Atli desires the hoard of the Nibelungen, which the had taken after murdering Sigurd, and invites them to his court intending to kill them. Gudrun then avenges her brothers by killing Atli and burning down his hall. The Norse tradition then tells of her further life as mother of Svanhild and enemy of Jormunrekr. In the continental tradition, Kriemhild instead desires revenge for her brothers' murder of , and invites them to visit Etzel's court intending to kill them. Her revenge destroys both the and the Burgundians, and in the end she herself is killed. Some of the differences and similarities The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun Gudrun and Kriemhild in the Scandinavian and continental Germanic traditions can be seen in the following two stanzas taken from original sources. The first is Kriemhild's introduction in the :. There grew up in Burgundy a most noble maiden. No one in all the lands could be fairer. She was called Kriemhilt—she grew to be a beautiful woman. For her sake many knights were to lose their lives. The whole tale is told: never after her will any wife go thus in armour to avenge her brothers. She caused the death of three kings of a nation, bright lady, before she died. The etymology of Kriemhild is less clear. The second element is clearly -hildmeaning battle or conflict. In the Scandinavian tradition, Gudrun's The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun is known as Grimhildrthe cognate name to Kriemhild. Scholarly opinion diverges as to which name is more original: either both names are old, [10] the name Gudrun is the original name and the name Kriemhild a later invention, [7] or the name Kriemhild is the original name and the name Gudrun was The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun to share the same first element as the other Burgundians Gunnar and Guthorm see Gundomar I. Gudrun is believed to have her origins in two historical figures who featured in two originally independent oral traditions, one about the death of Sigurd and another about the destruction of the Burgundians by the Huns. In the The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun instance, Gudrun's quarrel with , which results in Sigurd's death at the urging of the latter, is widely thought to have its origins in the quarrel between the two historical Frankish queens, Brunhilda of Austrasia and Fredegundthe latter of whom had Brunhild's husband Sigebert I murdered by his brother Chilperic Iher husband. In the oral tradition, Brunhilda's name has become attached to the murderer rather than the wife. In the case of the destruction of the Burgundians, Gudrun can be traced to Attila 's wife Ildicowho was rumored to have murdered him. Kriemhild is the main character of the Nibelungenlied c. In the NibelungenliedKriemhild is the daughter of king Dancrat and queen Ute of Burgundy, a kingdom centered around Worms. Her brothers are Gunther, Gernot, and Giselher, with Gunther being the king. The poem opens when Kriemhild has a dream that she raised a falcon only to see it killed by two eagles. Her mother explains to her that this means she will love a man very much, but he will be killed. One day, Siegfried comes to the Burgundian court, intending to woo Kriemhild. The two do not speak for a year, but once Siegfried has helped the Burgundians in a war the two are allowed to see each other for the first time. They fall deeply in love and see each other daily. Once Siegfried has helped Kriemhild's brother king Gunther acquire Brunhild as his bride, Kriemhild and Siegfried are also married. The couple then leaves from Siegfried's own kingdom at Xanten. Some years pass, and Kriemhild and Siegfried have a son whom they name Gunther. One day, Brunhild, who had been convinced that Siegfried was Gunther's vassal rather than an equal king, convinces Gunther to invite his sister and Siegfried to stay with them at The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun. Initially, Brunhild and Kriemhild get along, but in the private while they are watching a tournament, they soon argue over which of them has the highest ranking husband. Brunhild accuses Kriemhild of being married to a vassal. The queens part in anger. Brunhild and Kriemhild each insist that they should be allowed to enter the church before the other. Brunhild repeats her accusation that Kriemhild is married to a vassal publicly. Kriemhild then declares that Siegfried, and not Gunther, has taken Brunhild's virginity, displaying Brunhild apparent proof. Kriemhild then enters the church before Brunhild. Siegfried is forced to publicly deny the accusation to Gunther, and beats The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun to punish her. Brunhild is not The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun, however, and convinces Gunther to have Siegfried murdered. Under the pretext that he wants to protect Siegfried, Hagen convinces Kriemhild to reveal the only spot where impenetrable Siegfried may be wounded. Once Siegfried is murdered while hunting with Hagen and Gunther, his body is The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun in front of Kriemhild's bedroom door. Kriemhild quickly realizes that Siegfried was murdered by Gunther and Hagen. Kriemhild sees to Siegfried's burial and refuses to return to Xanten with Siegfried's father, instead remaining in Worms near her family and Siegfried's tomb. Eventually, Gunther and his brothers are able to reconcile with Kriemhild, but she refuses to forgive Hagen. Kriemhild has the hoard of the Nibelungen, which she has inherited after Siegfried's death, brought to Worms. She uses the hoard to acquire warriors; Hagen, realizing that she is dangerous, conspires to steal the hoard and sink it in the . Thirteen years later, king Etzel of the Huns seeks Kriemhild's hand in marriage, and she reluctantly agrees. Thirteen years after her arrival in Etzel's kingdom, she convinces Etzel to invite her brothers to a feast. Gunther agrees and the Burgundians and their vassals arrive at Etzel's court. Kriemhild greets her brothers but mockingly asks Hagen whether he has brought her what he stole at Worms. Later, Kriemhild confronts Hagen with a group of Huns, and Hagen provokes her by bragging that he killed Siegfried. None of the Huns is brave enough to attack, and the Burgundians prevent an attack that Kriemhild had planned for that night. The next day, Kriemhild convinces Etzel's brother Bloedelin to attack the Burgundians' supplies; this occurs while Etzel, Kriemhild, and The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun son Ortlieb are seated in the hall with Burgundians. Upon hearing of the attack, Hagen decapitates the Hunnish prince. Fighting erupts, but arranges for Kriemhild and Etzel to leave the hall. Kriemhild later demands that Gunther surrender Hagen to her, but he refuses: she then has the hall set on fire. The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun, Dietrich von Bern captures Gunther and Hagen as the last survivors in the hall, handing them over to Kriemhild. Kriemhild separates the The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun and demands that Hagen give back to her what he has taken from her. Hagen says he cannot tell her where the hoard is as long as his lord Gunther lives; Kriemhild then has Gunther decapitated. Hagen then reveals that the hoard is in the Rhine; Kriemhild takes Siegfried's , which Hagen had stolen, and beheads him with it herself. Dietrich's mentor Hildebrandoutraged that a woman has killed a great warrior, then hacks Kriemhild to pieces. Although Kriemhild does not appear as a living character in the Nibelungenklagethe sequel to the NibelungenliedThe Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun poem nevertheless goes to great lengths to absolve her of blame for the catastrophe of the Nibelungenlied. According to the NibelungenklageKriemhild was acting out of true love for Siegfried and the true treachery was that of Hagen. Some time later, Grimhild and Brunhild argue over precedent in the king's hall. Brunhild accuses Grimhild of not even being married to a man of noble The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun, whereupon Grimhild reveals that Sigurd and not Gunnar took Brunhild's virginity, showing a ring that Sigurd had given her as proof. Brunhild then agitates The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun Sigurd's murder; once Grimhild's brothers have murdered Sigurd, they place his corpse in her bed. Some time later, Atli Etzel woos Grimhild to be his new wife. Seven years later Grimhild convinces Atli to invite the Burgundians called Niflungs to visit her by mentioning The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun hoard of the Nibelungen which her brothers had stolen from her. Atli is seized by greed for the hoard and agrees. Grimhild attempts to convince Atli's brother Bloedel and Thidrek Dietrich von Bern to help her take revenge, but both refuse. After severe fighting, Gunnar is captured, and Grimhild tells Atli to throw him in a tower full of snakes. Grimhild orders the hall set on fire, and in the following battle Gisler and Gernoz die. Grimhild sticks a piece of flaming wood into her dead brothers' mouths to see if they are dead, causing an enraged Thidrek to kill her. The author of the has made a number of changes to create a more or less coherent story out of the many oral and The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun written sources that he used to create the saga. In the c. Desiring to see whether Siegfried can beat Dietrich von Bern in combat, she challenges Dietrich to bring twelve of his own heroes for a day of tournaments in the rose garden. The winner will receive a garland and a kiss from her as a reward. Dietrich accepts the challenge, and the heroes come to Worms. Eventually, all of the Burgundian heroes are defeated, including Siegfried, who flees to Kriemhild's lap in fear when Dietrich starts breathing fire. Dietrich's warrior Ilsan, a monk, punishes Kriemhild for her haughtiness in challenging Dietrich by demanding so many kisses from Kriemhild that his rough beard causes her face to bleed. In one version of the poem, Hagen curses Kriemhild for having provoked the combat. The poem takes a highly critical judgment of Kriemhild. The -Prosafirst found in the The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun of Diebolt von Hanowe and afterwards contained in printings untilis considered one of the most important attestations of a continued oral tradition outside of the Nibelungenliedwith many details agreeing with the Thidrekssaga. She arranges for the disaster at Etzel's hall in order to take vengeance on Dietrich von Bern for having killed Siegfried in the rose garden. She provokes the The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun by having her and Etzel's son brought into the hall and having the child provoke Hagen, who kills it. This leads to an outbreak of hostilities in which many heroes die. When Dietrich takes Gunther and Hagen prisoner, she cuts off their heads, causing Dietrich to cut her to pieces. In the middle of the ballad, a abducts Kriemhild from her home in Worms. holds Kriemhild captive for years in his lair of mount Trachenstein dragon stonetreating her well. One day it lays its head in her lap and transforms into a man, explaining that The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun needs to stay with him for five years. After that time he will marry her and they will travel to hell together. Kriemhild prays to avoid this fate. Finally, Siegfried Seyfrid arrives to save her, but the dragon appears. The dragon forces Siegfried and Kriemhild to flee into the depths of the mountain, where they find the treasure of the Nibelungen and a sword that can cut through the dragon's skin. The Legend of Sigurd & Gudrún by J.R.R. Tolkien

These carvings, illustrating the story of Sigurd, adorn the doors of the 12th century stavechurch of Hylestad, in Norway. They represent Sigurd's horse , bearing the treasure of the dragon. The doors are exhibited at the Kulturhistorisk Museum of Oslo. Because of the ancient style and metrical form adopted by the author, we hope that this synopsis of the story written by Christopher Tolkien will be of use in following the poems for the reader who is unfamiliar with either the legend or the poetic form. It takes no account of other versions where they differ. At the falls they saw an otter that had caught a salmon; but hurled a stone at it and killed it. Then the Gods went on their way until they came to the house of a certain Hreidmar, and they showed him the otter's skin. There were nine other sons besides. From under his cloak he swept out a sword, and thrust it into the bole of the great tree, inviting any of those present to try to draw it forth. offered to purchase it at a great price, but haughtily refused him; and this was the beginning of hatred. They were set in fetters in the forest; and night after night a great she-wolf came to devour one of them, until only Sigmund was left alive. But on the tenth night Sigmund succeeded in slaying the wolf, and escaped into the woods, where he dwelt. Far and wide he and his father roamed in the forest in the guise of werewolves; but when the time was ripe they came to Siggeir's hall by night and set in on fire. Sigmund in great grief carried his corpse to the sea-shore. Sigmund dwelt queenless and childless, until in his old age he married a woman named Sigrlinn. The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun land was invaded by a great force of his enemies. But as Sigmund fiercely contended against them on the battlefield there appeared before him an ancient man in dark cloak and hood, and armed with a spear. Sigmund fell in the fighting wounded mortally. was a famous smith, but skilled in many other matters beside. Immediately he could understand what birds in the thicket were saying of Regin's treacherous intent towards him, and he turned, and seeing Regin creeping through the grass towards him he slew him. Now Sigurd came to a mountain named Hindarfell, and he saw a fire and lightning at its summit. On the mountain-top The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun and Brynhild pledged themselves to one another; but soon they parted, she to her own land, and he to the land of the Niflungs on the Rhine. But he thought always of Brynhild, and resolved that he would soon set out to seek her again. He drank it, and immediately all memory of Brynhild faded from his mind. She spoke to him of Brynhild, and she told him that Sigurd would ride with him in his wooing, and that she would teach them cunning devices of her sorcery to aid them. Sigurd and the Niflung princes set out, and they came to Brynhild's halls, which were surrounded by fire, conceived by Brynhild as a barrier against all comers save Sigurd. But Gunnar's The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun Goti would not enter the fire, and he asked Sigurd for the loan of Grani. Yet neither would Grani move a step with Gunnar on his back. As The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun Sigurd met Brynhild, and as Gunnar he declared himself. Brynhild was uncomprehending and filled with doubt, but Sigurd said that she was doomed by her oath to wed him who passed the fire. They lay together in the same bed; but Sigurd laid between them the sword , unsheathed. Then he left her. At the appointed time Brynhild came, and was wedded to Gunnar; and at the bridal Sigurd and Brynhild saw each other, as is said in the poem:. As stone graven stared she palely, as cold and still as carven stone. From shrouded heart the shadows parted; oaths were remembered all unfulfilled. As stone carven, stern, unbending, he sat unsmiling, no sign making. Then Brynhild was stricken, seeing what had been done; and she left the river and went to her bower. To The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun she lied terrribly, saying that Sigurd had possessed her when in Gunnar's form he lay beside her, and Gunnar believed her. Before The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun died he said to her:. I Gunnar never grieved nor injured; oaths I swore him, all fulfilled them! Then Brynhild cried out on the Niflungs as cursed forswearers, who kept the bonds of brotherhood with murder, while Sigurd remembered them:. Brynhild threw herself on a sword, and so died. A The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun pyre was built, and they lay on it side by side, with the sword between them. Smoke had faded, sunk was burning; windblown ashes were wafted cold. As sun setting had Sigurd passed; and Brynhild burned as blazing fire. Atli prepared a great feast for guests far and wide; and a messenger named Vingi was sent on the long journey from Hunland to the halls of the Niflungs in the Rhineland. There he declared to them the vast array of gifts, of treasure and weapons and armour, that they would receive. And they departed, a small company, and they rode thrugh fen and forest, hill and valley, until they looked down upon the great fortress of Atli, full of armed men. Straightway fierce battle began. This the Niflungs refused with scorn, and they fought their way up the stairs. Atli released sent out for more men, and the Niflungs The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun shut in the hall of which they became now the defenders. Then the Niflungs were brought at last to bay, taken, and bound. She besought him to forego their deaths, but Atli replied that that could only be if the Niflung hoard were delivered to him. The king's counsellors were wary of what the queen might do, and they seized a slave, a herdsman named Hjalli, and cutting out his heart took it to Gunnar. Then Gunnar knew that it was true, and he cried: 'I alone, Lord of Niflungs, now hold and guard the gold for ever! In the waters of the Rhine we cast it; and there it shall lie. Then Atli, crazed with anger, commanded that Gunnar be thrown naked into the serpents' pit. The Niflungs were burnt on a pyre, and the Huns made a great funeral feast for The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun fallen, praising Atli, and drinking deep and long. But she said: 'My brothers are slain that I begged from you. Erp The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun Eitill do you ask to look on? Ask no longer - their end has come! Thus glory endeth, and gold fadeth, on noise and clamours the night falleth. Lift up your hearts, lords and maidens for the song of sorrow that was sung of old. Select an article Read on one page 1 2. Sitemap F. Gudrun | Norse legendary heroine | Britannica

The work also includes two shorter, related poems in and an "Introduction to the 'Elder '" based on lecture manuscripts by J. The world first publication of a previously unknown work by J. Tolkien, which tells the epic story of the Norse hero, Sigurd, the dragon-slayer, the revenge of his wife, Gudrun, and the Fall of the . Many years ago, J. Tolkien composed his own version, now published for the first time, of the great legend of Northern antiquity, in two closely related poems to which he gave the titles The New Lay of the Volsungs and The New Lay of Gudrun. In the Lay of the Volsungs is told the ancestry of the great hero Sigurd, the slayer of most celebrated of The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun, whose treasure he took for his own; of his awakening of the Brynhild who slept surrounded by a wall of fire; and of his coming to the court of the great princes who were named the Niflungs or Nibelungswith whom he entered into blood-brotherhood. In that court there sprang great love but also great hate, brought about by the power of the enchantress, mother of the Niflungs, skilled in the arts of magic, of shape-changing and potions of forgetfulness. In scenes of dramatic intensity, of confusion of identity, thwarted passion, jealousy and bitter strife, the tragedy of Sigurd and Brynhild, and Gudrun his sister, mounts to its end in the murder of Sigurd at the hands of his blood-brothers, the suicide of Brynhild, and the despair of Gudrun. In the Lay of Gudrun her fate after the death of Sigurd is told, her marriage against her will to the mighty Atli, ruler of the Huns the Attila of historyhis murder of her brothers, and her hideous revenge. Deriving his version primarily from his close study of the ancient poetry of Norway and known as the and from the later prose work the Volsunga SagaTolkien employed a verse-form The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun lines embody in English the exacting alliterative rhythms and the concentrated energy of the poems of the Edda. A few other concepts also found in this work, from which Tolkien likely derived material The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun his legendariumare worthy of note:. Page Talk Edit History. This page was last modified on 2 Octoberat This page has been accessed 36, times. TolkienChristopher Tolkien ed. May 5th

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